TY - JOUR A1 - Tetzlaff, Leonard A1 - Hartmann, Ulrike A1 - Dumont, Hanna A1 - Brod, Garvin T1 - Assessing individualized instruction in the classroom BT - comparing teacher, student, and observer perspectives JF - Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI) N2 - In this article, we address the measurement of individualized instruction in the context of regular classroom instruction. Our study assessed instructional practices geared towards individualization in German third grade reading lessons by combining self-report data from 621 students, from their teachers (n = 57), and live obser-vations. We then investigated the reliability of these different approaches to measuring individualization as well as the agreement between them. All three approaches yielded reliable indicators of individualized practices, but not all of them corresponded with each other. We found considerable agreement between students and observers, but neither agreed with teachers' self-reports. Upon closer examination, we found that students' ratings only correlated with teacher ratings that were provided close to the timepoint of interest. This correlation increased when teacher measures were corrected for response tendencies. We conclude with some recommendations for future studies that aim to measure individualized instruction in the classroom. KW - Individualization KW - Personalization KW - Differentiation KW - Adaptive teaching; KW - Individualized instruction KW - Instructional quality KW - Learning KW - environments KW - Live observations KW - Classroom research Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101655 SN - 0959-4752 SN - 1873-3263 VL - 82 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Purba, Talveen S. A1 - Brunken, Lars A1 - Peake, Michael A1 - Shahmalak, Asim A1 - Chaves, Asuncion A1 - Poblet, Enrique A1 - Ceballos, Laura A1 - Gandarillas, Alberto A1 - Pausa, Ralf T1 - Characterisation of cell cycle arrest and terminal differentiation in a maximally proliferative human epithelial tissue: Lessons from the human hair follicle matrix JF - European journal of cell biology N2 - Human hair follicle (HF) growth and hair shaft formation require terminal differentiation-associated cell cycle arrest of highly proliferative matrix keratinocytes. However, the regulation of this complex event remains unknown. CIP/KIP family member proteins (p21(CIP1), p27(KIP1) and p57(KIP2)) regulate cell cycle progression/arrest, endoreplication, differentiation and apoptosis. Since they have not yet been adequately characterized in the human HF, we asked whether and where CIP/KIP proteins localise in the human hair matrix and pre-cortex in relation to cell cycle activity and HF-specific epithelial cell differentiation that is marked by keratin 85 (K85) protein expression. K85 expression coincided with loss or reduction in cell cycle activity markers, including in situ DNA synthesis (EdU incorporation), Ki-67, phospho-histone H3 and cyclins A and B1, affirming a post-mitotic state of pre-cortical HF keratinocytes. Expression of CIP/KIP proteins was found abundantly within the proliferative hair matrix, concomitant with a role in cell cycle checkpoint control. p21(CIP1), p27(Klp1) and cyclin E persisted within post-mitotic keratinocytes of the pre-cortex, whereas p57(MP2) protein decreased but became nuclear. These data imply a supportive role for CIP/KIP proteins in maintaining proliferative arrest, differentiation and anti-apoptotic pathways, promoting continuous hair bulb growth and hair shaft formation in anagen VI. Moreover, post-mitotic hair matrix regions contained cells with enlarged nuclei, and DNA in situ hybridisation showed cells that w ere >2N in the pre-cortex. This suggests that CIP/KIP proteins might counterbalance cyclin E to control further rounds o f DNA replication in a cell population that has a propensity to become tetraploid. These data shed new light on the in situ-biography of human hair matrix keratinocytes on their path of active cell cycling, arrest and terminal differentiation, and showcase the human HF as an excellent, clinically relevant model system for cell cycle physiology research of human epithelial cells within their natural tissue habitat. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. KW - Human hair follicle KW - Hair matrix KW - Proliferation KW - Differentiation KW - Cell cycle arrest KW - CIP/KIP Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.011 SN - 0171-9335 SN - 1618-1298 VL - 96 SP - 632 EP - 641 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER -