TY  - JOUR
A1  - Liu, Yuan-Kai
A1  - Ruch, Joël
A1  - Vasyura-Bathke, Hannes
A1  - Jónsson, Sigurjón
T1  - Influence of ring faulting in localizing surface deformation at subsiding calderas
JF  - Earth & planetary science letters
N2  - Caldera unrest can lead to major volcanic eruptions. Analysis of subtle subsidence or inflation at calderas helps understanding of their subsurface volcanic processes and related hazards. Several subsiding calderas have shown similar patterns of ground deformation composed of broad subsidence affecting the entire volcanic edifice and stronger localized subsidence focused inside the caldera. Physical models of internal deformation sources used to explain these observations typically consist of two magma reservoirs at different depths in an elastic half-space. However, such models ignore important subsurface structures, such as ring faults, that may influence the deformation pattern. Here we use both analog subsidence experiments and boundary element modeling to study the three-dimensional geometry and kinematics of caldera subsidence processes, evolving from an initial downsag to a later collapse stage. We propose that broad subsidence is mainly caused by volume decrease within a single magma reservoir, whereas buried ring-fault activity localizes the deformation within the caldera. Omitting ring faulting in physical models of subsiding calderas and using multiple point/sill-like sources instead can result in erroneous estimates of magma reservoir depths and volume changes. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - volcanic deformation
KW  - ring faulting
KW  - caldera collapse
KW  - analog models
KW  - boundary element modeling
KW  - InSAR
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115784
SN  - 0012-821X
SN  - 1385-013X
VL  - 526
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -