TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pitzer, Martina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Differential susceptibility to environmental influences the role of early temperament and parenting in the development of externalizing problems
JF  - Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association
N2  - Objective: A difficult or undercontrolled temperament, as well as harsh parental discipline or a lack of warmth, has long been regarded as risk factors for the development of externalizing problems. In addition, it has been suggested that children with difficult temperament are especially susceptible to rearing influences. We investigated the impact of early temperament and parenting and their interactions on externalizing behavior at school age.
 Methods: Participants were 148 boys and 160 girls from a prospective longitudinal study on a high-risk sample. At ages 3 months and 2 years, temperament was assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. Maternal parenting was assessed by videotaped behavioral observation and a parent questionnaire. Externalizing problems at age 8 years were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist.
 Results: Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, we found that externalizing problems were predicted by psychosocial adversity and poor self-control, whereas no main effect for restrictive parenting or maternal empathy was found. Fearful-inhibited boys were positively affected by empathic and sensitive parenting, whereas girls who were low in self-control and/or fearful developed less externalizing problems with restrictive parenting.
 Conclusion: Our results partly support the differential susceptibility hypothesis. In addition, they point toward gender-specific pathways in the development of externalizing problems.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.10.017
SN  - 0010-440X
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
SP  - 650
EP  - 658
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - Differential development of infants at risk for psychopathology : the moderating role of early maternal responsivity
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg
T1  - Long-term consequences of preterm birth on cognitive development and academic achievement
BT  - Gibt es einen protektiven Effekt mütterlicher Responsivität?
BT  - Is there a protective effect of maternal responsiveness?
JF  - Kindheit und Entwicklung
N2  - In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen früher Responsivität der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer früh- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde dafür die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 frühgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 frühgeboren) zusätzlich der höchste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Frühgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem für mögliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Früh-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Responsivität und IQ. Für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen höheren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Frühgeburtlichkeit noch von mütterlicher Responsivität.
N2  - Preterm birth is associated with adverse long-term consequences regarding cognitive development. Whereas children born very preterm represent a subgroup at special risk, so-called late preterms are also affected to a lesser degree. Effects of prematurity can be observed until adulthood. For example, decreased wealth was reported in adults born preterm, which was mediated by decreased intelligence during childhood and lower educational qualifications during young adulthood. Hence, it is highly relevant to examine whether certain factors can buffer against the adverse effects of preterm birth on cognitive development. Parenting might play an important role here. There is evidence suggesting a protective effect of sensitive parenting during childhood on later cognitive outcome in preterms. In the current study, we examined whether early responsive maternal care was associated with later intelligence and academic achievement in children born preterm versus full term. As part of an ongoing cohort study, early maternal responsiveness was assessed at the child’s age of 3 months (adjusted for gestational age) during a nursing and playing situation. At age 11 years, general intelligence (IQ) was determined in n = 351 children (101 born preterm; 168 male). Until age 25 years, educational qualification was assessed in n = 313 participants (85 born preterm; 145 male). IQ at age 11 was significantly lower in preterms compared with full-term subjects after adjusting for potential confounders like maternal educational background and early psychosocial risk. A significant interaction between preterm birth and early maternal responsiveness was detected. In preterms only, higher levels of early maternal responsiveness were significantly associated with higher child IQ. Lower IQs in children born preterm as compared with those born full term were observed in the subaverage-to-average range of maternal responsiveness. Interestingly, preterms exposed to very high levels of maternal responsiveness showed slightly higher IQs when compared with children born at term. With regard to academic achievement, neither a significant effect of preterm birth nor of early maternal responsiveness occurred after adjusting for potential confounders. The results of the current study replicate and extend earlier findings with regard to a protective effect of sensitive parenting on childhood cognitive outcome in preterms. The lacking impact of prematurity on academic achievement may be explained by the exclusion of participants with IQs outside the normal range in the current study. Interventions enhancing early responsive care in parents of preterms may be advisable. More studies on long-term outcomes of such interventions on cognitive development are encouraged.
KW  - preterm birth
KW  - parental quality
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - Frühgeburt
KW  - Elternverhalten
KW  - kognitive Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000235
SN  - 0942-5403
SN  - 2190-6246
VL  - 26
SP  - 221
EP  - 229
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stöhr, R.-M.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Die Geburt eines Geschwisters : Chancen und Risiken für das erstgeborene Kind
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stöhr, R.-M.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - Die Geburt eines Geschwisters : Chancen und Risiken für das erstgeborene Kind
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Die Entwicklung nach biologischen und psychsozialen Risiken in der frühen Kindheit
Y1  - 1997
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - Developmental outcome of infants born with biological and psychosocial risks
Y1  - 1997
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Schmidt, M. H.
T1  - Depressive Störungen und aggressiv-dissoziale Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter : Prävalenz, Verlauf und Risikofaktoren
Y1  - 2004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a group at risk
N2  - Aims: To investigate whether concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a subgroup that differs from users of one substance only regarding several risk factors for later substance use problems. Methods: Participants were from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 384 children at risk for later psychopathology, with the majority being born with obstetric complications and psychosocial adversities. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption and related intrapersonal characteristics were obtained at age 15. Results: Compared to consumers of alcohol only, 15-year-olds drinking and smoking during the same time period (past 4 weeks) had significantly higher levels of consumption and more excessive use of alcohol, started drinking at an earlier age, had higher scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and more cannabis use. This group could be distinguished from users of alcohol only by higher novelty seeking and more positive alcohol effect expectancies. Compared to consumers of tobacco only, concurrent users reported higher nicotine dependence and more cannabis use. No significant differences were observed regarding frequency and age at initiation of tobacco use, tobacco-related sensitivity, self- efficacy and instrumentality as well as novelty seeking. Conclusions: Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence is associated with characteristics that are well known as risk factors for later alcohol use problems and dependence and that should be targeted by prevention programs.
Y1  - 2007
UR  - http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm024
SN  - 0735-0414
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Wiedemann, Klaus
A1  - Mann, Karl F.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
T1  - Cigarette craving increases after a psychosocial stress test and is related to cortisol stress response but not to dependence scores in daily smokers
N2  - Stress is known to induce cigarette craving in smokers, but the underlying mechanisms are widely unknown. We investigated how dependence severity, smoking habits and stress-induced cortisol secretion are associated with increased cigarette craving after a standardised laboratory stressor. Hundred and six healthy participants (50 men, age 18-19 years) underwent a standardised public speaking stress task. In all, 35 smoked daily (DS), 13 smoked occasionally (OS), and 58 never smoked (NS). Smoking was unrestricted until 2 h before stress onset. Plasma cortisol was measured before and up to 95 min after the stressor. All current smokers rated intensity of cigarette craving immediately before and immediately after the stressor using the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (BQSU). Cortisol levels significantly increased in response to stress in all groups. The magnitude of this stress response was significantly lower in DS compared with OS and NS but did not differ between OS and NS. Baseline BQSU scores were significantly higher in DS than OS. BQSU scores increased significantly during the stress period and were positively correlated to the cortisol response in the DS but were unrelated to their nicotine dependence scores. In OS, no change in cigarette craving could be observed. In daily smokers, cigarette craving is increased after compared with before stress exposure and is related to the magnitude of cortisol stress response rather than to severity of nicotine dependence. This result supports, but does not prove, the concept that hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stimulation is one of the mechanisms how stress can elicit cigarette craving.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://jop.sagepub.com/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108095716
SN  - 0269-8811
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pitzer, Martina
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms
BT  - a longitudinal study from early childhood to preadolescence
JF  - Journal of neural transmission
N2  - Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child’s temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy–difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children’s temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.
KW  - Temperament
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Children
KW  - Depression
KW  - Parent-child-interaction
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2
SN  - 0300-9564
SN  - 1435-1463
VL  - 124
SP  - 631
EP  - 641
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pitzer, Martina
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Child development after maternal tocolysis with beta-sympathomimetic drugs
N2  - The psycho-social development of both preterm and term children (n=347) whose mothers reported tocolytic treatment was assessed at the ages of 2, 4.5, 8 years. Term children exposed to tocolysis showed a higher rate of psychiatric disorders as well as poorer cognitive and motor performance than controls. In the preterm children no adverse impact of tocolysis could be found. The results are discussed concerning possible ways in which tocolytic treatment may influence child development. Restrictions because of the preliminary character of this study and the need of further prospective studies to clarify the developmental impact of tocolysis are also considered.
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Shmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis
Y1  - 2012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis
JF  - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry
N2  - Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.
KW  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene
KW  - alcohol use
KW  - adolescents
KW  - parenting
KW  - gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x
SN  - 0021-9630
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 351
EP  - 359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Hoesch, I.
A1  - Gerold, M.
A1  - Hoesch, I.
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
A1  - Steigleider, Petra
A1  - Stock, B.
A1  - Stoehr, R.-M.
A1  - Weindrich, D.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - Behavioral Sequelae of Perinatal Insults and Early Family Adversity at 8 Years of Age
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Beeinträchtigter Start ins Leben
T1  - Impaired Start into Life
BT  - Langfristige Auswirkungen der postpartalen Depression und der Einfluss des mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens
BT  - Long-Term Effects of Postpartum Depression and the Role of Maternal Interactional Behavior
JF  - Kindheit und Entwicklung
N2  - Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
N2  - Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health problem with prevalence rates ranging from 13% to 19%, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse child development. PPD is characterized by symptoms common of depression, particularly by impairments of maternity, parenting, and mother-infant interactions. Several reviews suggest an impact on attachment, cognitive, behavioral, and health-related outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of PPD regarding cognitive and mental development into adulthood and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of maternal interactional behavior, are not yet well understood. In the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, maternal depression was assessed when the child was 3 months and 2 years old. Development from infancy to young adulthood (25 years) was assessed at regular intervals in 28 children of postnatally depressed mothers and 107 children born to mentally healthy mothers. Cognitive outcome up to age 11 was measured using standardized instruments; in adulthood, school outcome was used approximately. Psychiatric diagnosis as well as symptom scores served as psychological outcome. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and a playing situation. Videotapes of the 10-min session were recorded and evaluated by trained raters (kappa > .83) using the Category System for Microanalysis of Early Mother Child Interaction (Esser, Scheven, et al., 1989). The cognitive as well as social-emotional outcome of children of mothers suffering from PPD was significantly poorer than in the children of mentally healthy mothers. The adverse effects were more pronounced during childhood. The offspring of postnatally depressed mothers who interacted in a responsive manner with their infant exhibited a better prognosis in contrast to those with mothers interacting less sensitively. This effect was observed with regard to cognitive development and symptoms of externalizing behavior at age 19 years. Regarding internalizing behavior, no impact of maternal behavior was detected. These findings emphasize the importance of high-quality early mother-child interaction in the development of children at risk. Furthermore, convincing arguments are given for very early specialized treatment of impaired mother-child interactions in mothers suffering from PPD. The PPD treatment should always comprise treatment of depression as well as treatment of the disturbed mother-child interaction.
KW  - postpartum depression
KW  - development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - mother-child interaction
KW  - Postpartale+Depression
KW  - Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer+Risikokinderstudie
KW  - Mutter-Kind-Interaktion
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000234
SN  - 0942-5403
SN  - 2190-6246
VL  - 26
SP  - 210
EP  - 220
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Beeinträchtigter Start ins Leben
BT  - Langfristige Auswirkungen der postpartalen Depression und der Einfluss des mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
N2  - Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health problem with prevalence rates ranging from 13 % to 19 %, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse child development. PPD is characterized by symptoms common of depression, particularly by impairments of maternity, parenting, and mother–infant interactions. Several reviews suggest an impact on attachment, cognitive, behavioral, and health-related outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of PPD regarding cognitive and mental development into adulthood and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of maternal interactional behavior, are not yet well understood. In the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, maternal depression was assessed when the child was 3 months and 2 years old. Development from infancy to young adulthood (25 years) was assessed at regular intervals in 28 children of postnatally depressed mothers and 107 children born to mentally healthy mothers. Cognitive outcome up to age 11 was measured using standardized instruments; in adulthood, school outcome was used approximately. Psychiatric diagnosis as well as symptom scores served as psychological outcome. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and a playing situation. Videotapes of the 10-min session were recorded and evaluated by trained raters (κ > .83) using the Category System for Microanalysis of Early Mother Child Interaction (Esser, Scheven, et al., 1989). The cognitive as well as social–emotional outcome of children of mothers suffering from PPD was significantly poorer than in the children of mentally healthy mothers. The adverse effects were more pronounced during childhood. The offspring of postnatally depressed mothers who interacted in a responsive manner with their infant exhibited a better prognosis in contrast to those with mothers interacting less sensitively. This effect was observed with regard to cognitive development and symptoms of externalizing behavior at age 19 years. Regarding internalizing behavior, no impact of maternal behavior was detected. These findings emphasize the importance of high-quality early mother–child interaction in the development of children at risk. Furthermore, convincing arguments are given for very early specialized treatment of impaired mother–child interactions in mothers suffering from PPD. The PPD treatment should always comprise treatment of depression as well as treatment of the disturbed mother–child interaction.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 692 
KW  - Postpartale Depression
KW  - Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
KW  - Mutter-Kind-Interaktion
KW  - postpartum depression
KW  - development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - mother–child interaction
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433406
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 692
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steigleider, Petra
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - Beeinträchtigte kognitive und motorische Leistungen bei 8-jährigen Kindern mit sehr niedrigem Geburtsgewicht
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0084-5345
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Dinter-Jörg, Monika
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Herrle, Johannes
A1  - Yantorno-Villalba, P.
A1  - Rose, Frauke
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Bedeutung der Blickvermeidung im Säuglingsalter für den Entwicklungsstand des Kindes mit zwei und viereinhalb Jahren
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Hellweg, Rainer
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
T1  - BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms - a prospective study
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val(66)Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val(66)Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.
KW  - BDNF
KW  - 5-HTTLPR
KW  - Human
KW  - Early psychosocial adversity
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Depression
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003
SN  - 0924-977X
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
SP  - 902
EP  - 909
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Polowczyk, M.
A1  - Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia
A1  - Dinter-Jörg, Monika
A1  - Gerold, M.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Auffällige Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Vorschulalter bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischen und Sozialverhaltensauffälligkeiten
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weindrich, D.
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
T1  - At risk for language disorders? : correlates and course of language disorders in preschool children born at risk
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 0803-5253
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Lascorz, Jesus
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Schumann, Gunter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposure to severe negative life events is related to both heavy drinking and disturbed circadian rhythmicity. The aim of this study was 1) to extend previous findings suggesting an association of a haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardous drinking.
 Methods: Data were collected as part of an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rs56013859 and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Life stress was assessed as the number of severe negative life events during the past four years reported in a questionnaire and validated by interview.
 Results: Individuals with the minor G allele of rs56013859 were found to be less engaged in alcohol use, drinking at only 72% of the days compared to homozygotes for the major A allele. Moreover, among regular drinkers, a gene x environment interaction emerged (p = .020). While no effects of genotype appeared under conditions of low stress, carriers of the G allele exhibited less hazardous drinking than those homozygous for the A allele when exposed to high stress.
 Conclusions: These findings may suggest a role of the circadian rhythm gene PER2 in both the drinking patterns of young adults and in moderating the impact of severe life stress on hazardous drinking in experienced alcohol users. However, in light of the likely burden of multiple tests, the nature of the measures used and the nominal evidence of interaction, replication is needed before drawing firm conclusions.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059136
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Association of norepinephrine transporter (NET, SLC6A2) genotype with ADHD-related phenotypes: Findings of a longitudinal study from birth to adolescence
JF  - Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry
N2  - Variation in the gene encoding for the norepinephrine transporter (NET, SLC6A2) has repeatedly been linked with ADHD, although there is some inconsistency regarding the association with specific genes. The variants for which most consistent association has been found are the NET variants rs3785157 and rs28386840. Here, we tested for their association with ADHD diagnosis and ADHD-related phenotypes during development in a longitudinal German community sample. Children were followed from age 4 to age 15, using diagnostic interviews to assess ADHD. Between the ages of 8 and 15 years, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was administered to the primary caregivers. The continuous performance task (CPT) was performed at age 15. Controlling for possible confounders, we found that homozygous carriers of the major A allele of the functional promoter variant rs28386840 displayed a higher rate of ADHD lifetime diagnosis. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the minor T allele of rs3785157 were more likely to develop ADHD and showed higher scores on the CBCL externalizing behavior scales. Additionally, we found that individuals heterozygous for rs3785157 made fewer omission errors in the CPT than homozygotes. This is the first longitudinal study to report associations between specific NET variants and ADHD-related phenotypes during the course of development. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
KW  - Norepinephrine transporter
KW  - Genetic association
KW  - Polymorphism
KW  - Molecular heterosis
KW  - Continuous performance task
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.029
SN  - 0165-1781
VL  - 226
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 425
EP  - 433
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Hohm, E.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Becker, Katja
T1  - Association between ADHD and smoking in adolescence : shared genetic, environmental and psychopathological factors
N2  - The present study aimed to examine the extent to which the co-occurrence of ADHD and smoking in adolescents could be attributed to common genetic, environmental and psychopathological factors. Data are from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires measuring tobacco consumption and deviant peer affiliations. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were obtained using standardized interviews. DNA was genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene exon III polymorphism. Adolescents with a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD displayed significantly higher smoking activity than non-ADHD controls. A major component of this association could be accounted for by deviant peer affiliations and the comorbidity with oppositional-defiant and conduct disorder, while a minor part was attributable to DRD4 in males but not in females. These findings suggest that the association of ADHD with smoking relies on risk factors shared by the two behaviors.
Y1  - 2007
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101493
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0703-y
SN  - 0300-9564
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Becker, Katja
T1  - Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene
T2  - Infant mental health journal
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0163-9641
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 212
EP  - 212
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nikitopoulos, Joerg
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
KW  - DRD4
KW  - Early maternal care
KW  - Externalizing behavior
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.012
SN  - 0022-3956
SN  - 1879-1379
VL  - 59
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Nieratschker, Vanessa
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Bidlingmaier, Martin
A1  - Wiedemann, Klaus
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Wuest, Stefan
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
T1  - An interaction between a neuropeptide Y gene polymorphism and early adversity modulates endocrine stress responses
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Interindividual variability in the regulation of the human stress system accounts for a part of the individual's liability to stress-related diseases. These differences are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Early childhood adversity is a well-studied environmental factor affecting an individual's stress response which has been shown to be modulated by gene environment interaction (GxE). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in stress regulation and genetic variation in NPY may influence stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the association of a common variant in the NPY gene promoter, rs16147, with cortisol and ACTH responses to acute psychosocial stress in young adults from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early adversity from birth into adulthood. We found evidence of a GxE interaction between rs16147 and early adversity significantly affecting HPA axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanisms linking early adverse experience and later neuroendocrine stress regulation are modulated by a gene variant whose functional relevance is documented by increasing convergent evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies.
KW  - GxE interaction
KW  - Stress
KW  - HPA
KW  - Neuropeptide Y
KW  - Early adversity
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.015
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
SP  - 1010
EP  - 1020
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinrich, Angela
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Dukal, Helene
A1  - Frank, Josef
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Nieratschker, Vanessa
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
T1  - Alterations of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Methylation in Externalizing Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence
JF  - Behavior genetics : an international journal devoted to research in the inheritance of behavior in animals and man
N2  - Epigenetic modulations are a hypothesized link between environmental factors and the development of psychiatric disorders. Research has suggested that patients with depression or bipolar disorder exhibit higher methylation levels in the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1. We aimed to investigate whether NR3C1 methylation changes are similarly associated with externalizing disorders such as aggressive behavior and conduct disorder. NR3C1 exon 1F methylation was analyzed in young adults with a lifetime diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (N = 68) or a depressive disorder (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 124) from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk. The externalizing disorders group had significantly lower NR3C1 methylation levels than the lifetime depressive disorder group (p = 0.009) and healthy controls (p = 0.001) This report of lower methylation levels in NR3C1 in externalizing disorders may indicate a mechanism through which the differential development of externalizing disorders as opposed to depressive disorders might occur.
KW  - Epigenetic
KW  - Glucocorticoid receptor
KW  - Methylation
KW  - Externalizing disorders
KW  - Adolescents
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-015-9721-y
SN  - 0001-8244
SN  - 1573-3297
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
SP  - 529
EP  - 536
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults
JF  - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2  - Background:
 Recent evidence from animal experiments and studies in humans suggests that early age at first drink (AFD) may lead to higher stress-induced drinking. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether AFD interacted with stressful life events (SLE) and/or with daily hassles regarding the impact on drinking patterns among young adults.
 Method:
 In 306 participants of an epidemiological cohort study, AFD was assessed together with SLE during the past 3 years, daily hassles in the last month, and drinking behavior at age 22. As outcome variables, 2 variables were derived, reflecting different aspects of alcohol use: the amount of alcohol consumed in the last month and the drinking frequency, indicated by the number of drinking days in the last month.
 Results:
 Linear regression models revealed an interaction effect between the continuous measures of AFD and SLE on the amount of alcohol consumed. The earlier young adults had their first alcoholic drink and the higher the levels of SLE they were exposed to, the disproportionately more alcohol they consumed. Drinking frequency was not affected by an interaction of these variables, while daily hassles and their interaction with AFD were unrelated to drinking behavior.
 Conclusions:
 These findings highlight the importance of early age at drinking onset as a risk factor for later heavy drinking under high load of SLE. Prevention programs should aim to raise age at first contact with alcohol. Additionally, support in stressful life situations and the acquisition of effective coping strategies might prevent heavy drinking in those with earlier drinking onset.
KW  - Age at First Drink
KW  - Drinking Behavior
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Stressful Life Events
KW  - Daily Hassles
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01447.x
SN  - 0145-6008
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1148
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  -