TY - JOUR
A1 - Damaschun, Ferdinand
T1 - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg und die Entwicklung der Mikroskop-Technik im 19. Jahrhundert
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Ab Mitte der 1820er Jahre erfuhr die Mikroskop- Technik eine stürmische Entwicklung. Dadurch, dass es gelang, nach und nach die optischen Fehler zu korrigieren, verbesserte sich die Auflösung bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts um den Faktor 10 von 3 μm auf 0,3 μm. Um 1820 begann Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg mit mikroskopischen Untersuchungen. Er nutzte zunächst ein einfaches Nürnberger Mikroskop. 1832 erwarb er ein Mikroskop aus der Berliner Werkstatt von Pistor & Schiek, das er dann zeitlebens nutzte. Ein Vergleich der Leistungsfähigkeit seines Instruments mit der für seine Untersuchungen notwendigen Auflösung zeigt, dass es für seine Untersuchungen vollkommen genügte. Für seine Untersuchungsobjekte entwickelte er Präparationstechniken und Aufbewahrungsmethoden für die Dauerpräparate. Da er auch die mikroskopischen Abbildungen bis hin zu den Vorlagen für die Kupfertafeln selbst anfertigte, behielt er den gesamten Prozess von der Präparation bis zum Druck der Ergebnisse stets in der Hand.
N2 - From the mid-1820s onwards, microscope technology underwent a rapid development. Thanks to new possibilities for correcting optical errors, microscope resolution improved by a factor of 10 from 3 μm to 0.3 μm by the end of the century. Ehrenberg began his investigations in 1820 with a simple “Nürnberger Mikroskop”. In 1832, he acquired a microscope from the Berlin workshop of Pistor & Schiek, which he then used throughout his life. By comparing the performance of his instrument with the resolution required for his objects, this article demonstrates that the Pistor & Schiek was perfectly adequate for his investigations. Furthermore, it traces Ehrenberg’s process of producing microscopic images, which he controlled from start to finish: from the preparation and storage of specimens according to special methods he developed himself to the execution of the illustrations that would be used as templates for the copper plates.
N2 - À partir du milieu des années 1820, la technologie des microscopes a connu un développement rapide. Grâce aux nouvelles possibilités de correction des erreurs optiques, il a été possible de corriger et d’améliorer la résolution des microscopes par un facteur de 10, passant de 3 μm à 0,3 μm à la fin du siècle. Ehrenberg a commencé ses recherches en 1820 avec un simple « Nürnberger Mikroskop ». En 1832, il a acquis un microscope de l’atelier berlinois de Pistor & Schiek, qu’il a ensuite utilisé toute sa vie. En comparant les performances de son instrument avec la résolution requise pour ses objets, cet article montre que le Pistor & Schiek était parfaitement adapté à ses investigations. En outre, il retrace le processus de production d’images microscopiques d’Ehrenberg, qu’il a contrôlé de bout en bout: de la préparation et du stockage des spécimens selon des méthodes spéciales qu’il a lui-même développées jusqu’à l’exécution des illustrations qui allaient servir de modèles pour les plaques de cuivre.
KW - Ehrenberg
KW - Mikroskop
KW - Glas
KW - Infusorien
KW - Infusionsthierchen
KW - Mikrogeologie
KW - Chevalier
KW - Pistor & Schiek
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515218
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 119
EP - 134
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Böhme, Katrin
T1 - Das große Ganze. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg und die Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Als langjähriges und aktives Mitglied der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin bestimmte Ehrenberg ihre Aktivitäten und ihr Ansehen maßgeblich mit. Seine Beiträge zu den Sitzungen und Schriften und seine Rolle als Bewohner des gesellschaftseigenen Hauses förderten in der GNF sowohl Fortschritt als auch Beständigkeit. Das Ziel der Naturgeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts, also die Entdeckung, Beschreibung und Bewahrung möglichst aller Organismen- und Gesteinsarten, wurde in der GNF bis in die zweite Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts tradiert. Ehrenbergs wissenschaftliche Leistungen, insbesondere seine zahlreichen Entdeckungen mit Hilfe des Mikroskops, stehen ganz in dieser Tradition.
N2 - As a long-time and active member of the Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin (Berlin Society of Friends of Natural Research), Ehrenberg played a major role in determining the society’s activities and shaping its reputation. His contributions to the meetings, his writings, and his role as a resident of the house belonging to the society promoted both progress and permanence of the association. The goal of natural history in the 18th century, that is, the discovery, description, and preservation of as many species of organisms and rocks as possible, was carried forth by the Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde into the second half of the 19th century. Ehrenberg’s scientific achievements, particularly his numerous discoveries with the aid of the microscope, belong entirely to this tradition.
N2 - En tant que membre actif et de longue date de la Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin (Société des amis naturalistes de Berlin), Ehrenberg a joué un rôle majeur en déterminant les activités et la réputation de cette société. Ses contributions aux réunions et aux écrits et son statut d’habitant de la maison appartenant à la société ont favorisé à la fois le progrès et la pérennité de l’association. L’objectif de l’histoire naturelle au XVIIIe siècle, c’est-à-dire la découverte, la description et la préservation d’autant d’espèces d’organismes et de roches que possible, a été perpétué par la Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde jusqu’à la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Les travaux scientifiques d’Ehrenberg, notamment ses nombreuses découvertes à l’aide du microscope, s’inscrivent entièrement dans cette tradition.
KW - Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin
KW - Ehrenberg
KW - GNF
KW - Infusorienwerke
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515226
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 155
EP - 169
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ludewig, Anna-Dorothea
T1 - Aus dem »chassidischen Stübchen«
BT - Der Briefwechsel zwischen Margarete Susman und Walter Nigg
JF - Briefe als Laboratorium der Literatur im deutsch-jüdischen Kontext : schriftliche Dialoge, epistolare Konstellationen und poetologische Diskurse
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8471-1296-9
SN - 978-3-8470-1296-2
SP - 167
EP - 182
PB - V&R unipress
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mattern, M.
A1 - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1 - Laskin, G.
A1 - von Reppert, A.
A1 - Bargheer, Matias
T1 - Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3
JF - Structural Dynamics
N2 - We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.
KW - Thin films
KW - Thermodynamic properties
KW - Bragg peak
KW - Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
KW - Thermal effects
KW - Phonons
KW - Magnetism
KW - Lattice dynamics
KW - Lasers
KW - Perovskites
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000072
SN - 2329-7778
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
A1 - Bahr, André
A1 - Zeeden, Christian
A1 - Yamoah, Kweku A.
A1 - Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
A1 - Chuang, Chih-Kai
A1 - Löwemark, Ludvig
A1 - Wei, Kuo-Yen
T1 - A tale of shifting relations
BT - East Asian summer and winter monsoon variability during the Holocene
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - Understanding the dynamics between the East Asian summer (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) is needed to predict their variability under future global warming scenarios. Here, we investigate the relationship between EASM and EAWM as well as the mechanisms driving their variability during the last 10,000 years by stacking marine and terrestrial (non-speleothem) proxy records from the East Asian realm. This provides a regional and proxy independent signal for both monsoonal systems. The respective signal was subsequently analysed using a linear regression model. We find that the phase relationship between EASM and EAWM is not time-constant and significantly depends on orbital configuration changes. In addition, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation, Arctic sea-ice coverage, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Sun Spot numbers contributed to millennial scale changes in the EASM and EAWM during the Holocene. We also argue that the bulk signal of monsoonal activity captured by the stacked non-speleothem proxy records supports the previously argued bias of speleothem climatic archives to moisture source changes and/or seasonality.
KW - Environmental sciences
KW - Ocean sciences
KW - Solid Earth sciences
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85444-7
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 11
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried
A1 - Speck, Karsten
T1 - Ergebnisse zur Einschätzung des Referendariatsaus Sicht aller Akteure
BT - Die Potsdamer Studien zum Referendaria
T2 - Das Referendariat : ein systematischer Blick auf den schulpraktischen Vorbereitungsdienst
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8309-4332-7
SP - 254
PB - Waxmann
CY - Münster
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
A1 - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1 - New Challenges in Local Migrant Integration Policy in Europe
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - In this introductory chapter, the editors describe the main theoretical basis of analysis of this book and the methodological approach. The core of this book consists of 14 country-specific chapters, which allow a European comparison and show the increasing variance in migration policy approaches within and between European countries. The degree of local autonomy, the level of centralisation and the traditional forms of migration policy are factors that especially influence the possibilities for local authorities to formulate their own integration policies.
KW - Migration
KW - Policy
KW - Integration
KW - Local authorities
KW - Coordination
KW - Civil society
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_1
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
T1 - Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - The chapter begins with a brief historical overview of Germany’s transition in the twentieth and twenty-first century from a transit and emigration country to one of immigration. The next part of this chapter looks at the challenges and problems facing German immigration policy within a multi-level federal system. Finally, the chapter gives an analysis of some of the trends in German migration policy since the refugee crisis in 2015, such as changes in the party system and in the concepts underlying migration policies to better manage, control and limit immigration to Germany.
KW - Germany
KW - Federalism
KW - Integration
KW - Coordination
KW - Municipalities
KW - Local autonomy
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_7
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 107
EP - 121
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
T1 - Integrating Immigrants: Capacities and Challenges for Local Authorities in Europe
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - This chapter focuses on the relationship between public opinion on migration and its media coverage. Different explanatory models, including individual characteristics, cultural factors and the impact of media and politics, have been proposed to explain public attitudes towards migrants. Understanding the local context is important, as the shares of migrants living in each region and city vary considerably. Providing correct statistical information, stressing the diversity of current migration patterns in Europe and taking part in media and public discussions are ways in which to impact public attitudes at the local level.
KW - Migration
KW - Media
KW - Public opinion
KW - Eurobarometer
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_17
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 311
EP - 333
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Franzke, Jochen
A1 - de la Fuente, José M. Ruano
T1 - Conclusions: An Overview of Local Migrant Integration Policies in Europe
JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy
N2 - As expected, the traditions of national-state migration policies continue to play a very important role, path-dependence in this policy field remains high. The distribution of competences in migration policy and the integration of migrants in the nation states continues to be very different. When implementing integration strategies at grassroots level, the respective policies should be tailored to the profile of both the local migrant community and the native population. Besides better migration management in local administration and the interaction of top-down and bottom-up efforts to integrate migrants is of importance.
KW - Integration strategy
KW - Local authorities
KW - National state communication
KW - Integration
KW - Migrants
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-50978-1
SN - 978-3-030-50979-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_18
SN - 2523-8248
SN - 2523-8256
SP - 335
EP - 344
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schenck, Marcia C.
A1 - Harisch, Immanuel R.
A1 - Dietrich, Anne
A1 - Burton, Eric
T1 - Introduction
BT - Moorings and (Dis)Entanglements between Africa and East Germany during the Cold War
JF - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-001
SP - 1
EP - 58
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Oldenburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schenck, Marcia C.
A1 - Raposo, Francisca
T1 - Socialist Encounters at the School of Friendship
JF - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-009
SP - 235
EP - 246
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Oldenburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Alberto, Ibraimo
A1 - Schenck, Marcia C.
T1 - Paths Are Made by Walking
BT - Memories of Being a Mozambican Contract Worker in the GDR
JF - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-010
SP - 247
EP - 262
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Oldenburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pittel, Harald
T1 - Ali Smith’s ‘Coming-of-Age’ in the age of Brexit
JF - Brexit and Beyond: Nation and Identity
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8233-8414-4
SN - 978-3-8233-9414-3
SP - 121
EP - 144
PB - Narr
CY - Tübingen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - El-Safadi, Majd
T1 - Afghanistan-Krieg
BT - die Ohnmacht des Westens
JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-947802-66-1
SN - 0944-8101
VL - 29
IS - 179
SP - 68
EP - 71
PB - WeltTrends
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pröve, Ralf
ED - Ernst, Sebastian
T1 - Wie mit Nach-Matrix-Sozialisierten umgehen, oder
BT - emotionale Herausforderungen bei der Vermittlung kulturwissenschaftlicher Inhalte
JF - Emotionen in Wissensinstitutionen. Zur Bedeutung affektiver Dimensionen in Forschung, Lehre und Unterricht
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-8376-5735-7
SN - 978-3-8394-5735-1
SP - 71
EP - 92
PB - transcript
CY - Bielefeld
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fedders, Ronja
A1 - Muenzner, Matthias
A1 - Weber, Pamela
A1 - Sommerfeld, Manuela
A1 - Knauer, Miriam
A1 - Kedziora, Sarah
A1 - Kast, Naomi
A1 - Heidenreich, Steffi
A1 - Raila, Jens
A1 - Weger, Stefan
A1 - Henze, Andrea
A1 - Schupp, Michael
T1 - Liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis in mice
JF - The journal of biological chemistry
N2 - Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the major transport protein for retinol in blood. Recent evidence from genetic mouse models shows that circulating RBP4 derives exclusively from hepatocytes. Because RBP4 is elevated in obesity and associates with the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, we tested whether a liver-specific overexpression of RBP4 in mice impairs glucose homeostasis. We used adeno-associated viruses (AAV) that contain a highly liver-specific promoter to drive expression of murine RBP4 in livers of adult mice. The resulting increase in serum RBP4 levels in these mice was comparable with elevated levels that were reported in obesity. Surprisingly, we found that increasing circulating RBP4 had no effect on glucose homeostasis. Also during a high-fat diet challenge, elevated levels of RBP4 in the circulation failed to aggravate the worsening of systemic parameters of glucose and energy homeostasis. These findings show that liver-secreted RBP4 does not impair glucose homeostasis. We conclude that a modest increase of its circulating levels in mice, as observed in the obese, insulin-resistant state, is unlikely to be a causative factor for impaired glucose homeostasis.
KW - liver
KW - retinoid-binding protein
KW - glucose metabolism
KW - insulin resistance
KW - mouse
KW - TTR
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA118.004294
SN - 1083-351X
VL - 293
IS - 39
SP - 15269
EP - 15276
PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
CY - Bethesda
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thapa, Samudrajit
A1 - Wyłomańska, Agnieszka
A1 - Sikora, Grzegorz
A1 - Wagner, Caroline E.
A1 - Krapf, Diego
A1 - Kantz, Holger
A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
T1 - Leveraging large-deviation statistics to decipher the stochastic properties of measured trajectories
JF - New Journal of Physics
N2 - Extensive time-series encoding the position of particles such as viruses, vesicles, or individualproteins are routinely garnered insingle-particle tracking experiments or supercomputing studies.They contain vital clues on how viruses spread or drugs may be delivered in biological cells.Similar time-series are being recorded of stock values in financial markets and of climate data.Such time-series are most typically evaluated in terms of time-averaged mean-squareddisplacements (TAMSDs), which remain random variables for finite measurement times. Theirstatistical properties are different for differentphysical stochastic processes, thus allowing us toextract valuable information on the stochastic process itself. To exploit the full potential of thestatistical information encoded in measured time-series we here propose an easy-to-implementand computationally inexpensive new methodology, based on deviations of the TAMSD from itsensemble average counterpart. Specifically, we use the upper bound of these deviations forBrownian motion (BM) to check the applicability of this approach to simulated and real data sets.By comparing the probability of deviations fordifferent data sets, we demonstrate how thetheoretical bound for BM reveals additional information about observed stochastic processes. Weapply the large-deviation method to data sets of tracer beads tracked in aqueous solution, tracerbeads measured in mucin hydrogels, and of geographic surface temperature anomalies. Ouranalysis shows how the large-deviation properties can be efficiently used as a simple yet effectiveroutine test to reject the BM hypothesis and unveil relevant information on statistical propertiessuch as ergodicity breaking and short-time correlations.
KW - diffusion
KW - anomalous diffusion
KW - large-deviation statistic
KW - time-averaged mean squared displacement
KW - Chebyshev inequality
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abd50e
SN - 1367-2630
VL - 23
PB - Dt. Physikalische Ges. ; IOP
CY - Bad Honnef ; London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grote, Mathias
T1 - „Aus dem Kleinen bauen sich die Welten“ – Christian Gottfried Ehrenbergs ökologische Mikrobiologie avant la lettre
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Die Geschichte der Mikrobiologie als Laborwissenschaft des späten 19. Jahrhunderts hat für Ehrenberg keinen Platz. Unmodern, ja fehlerhaft scheinen die Befunde dieses „Humboldt en miniature“, der die Belebtheit von Wasser oder Luft mikroskopisch untersuchte, der Proben aus aller Welt sammelte und so zahlreiche „Infusorien“ genannte Mikroben sowie deren Effekte etwa bei Blutwundern beschrieb, deren Beteiligung an Infektionskrankheiten aber verneinte. Zugleich scheint sein ökologischer Blick auf den Mikrokosmos die Gegenwart auf überraschende Weise anzusprechen – einerseits weil Mikroben omnipräsentes Faszinosum wie Bedrohung bleiben, andererseits weil viele der Prämissen von Pasteur und Koch im Zeitalter der Genomik überholt erscheinen. Ausgehend von der zwiespältigen Position Ehrenbergs fragt dieser Artikel, warum er möglicherweise gerade deswegen spannender ist, als ihn die Historiographie bislang hat erscheinen lassen.
N2 - The history of microbiology as a laboratory science of the late 19th century has no place for Ehrenberg. The findings of this “Humboldt en miniature” seem unfashionable, even erroneous. Yet, he examined the life forms found in water or air microscopically and collected samples from all over the world, thus describing numerous microbes called “infusoria” as well as their effects, for example, in blood miracles, but denied their involvement in infectious diseases. At the same time, his ecological view of the microcosm seems to speak to the present in a surprising way – on the one hand because microbes remain an omnipresent fascination as well as a threat, and on the other hand because many of the premises of Pasteur and Koch seem outdated in the age of genomics. Based on Ehrenbergʼs ambivalent position, this article asks why he may be more exciting than historiography has made him appear so far.
N2 - L’histoire de la microbiologie en tant que science de laboratoire de la fin du XIXe siècle est sans rapport avec Ehrenberg. Les observations de ce « Humboldt en miniature », qui a examiné la vivacité de l’eau et de l’air au microscope, qui a collecté des échantillons du monde entier et a ainsi décrit de nombreux microbes appelés « infusoires » ainsi que leurs effets, par exemple, dans les miracles sanguins – il a nié, par contre, leur implication dans les maladies infectieuses – semblent démodées, voire erronées. En même temps, sa vision écologique du microcosme semble aborder le présent de manière surprenante – d’une part, parce que les microbes continuent d’exercer une fascination omniprésente tout en constituant une menace, et d’autre part, parce que nombre des prémisses de Pasteur et de Koch semblent dépassées à l’ère de la génomique. Partant de la position ambivalente d’Ehrenberg, cet article se demande pourquoi ce personnage est peut-être plus fascinant que l’historiographie ne l’a fait paraître jusqu’à présent.
KW - Ehrenberg
KW - Mikrobiologie
KW - Ökologie
KW - Cholera
KW - Protistologie
KW - Infektion
KW - Infusorium
KW - Mikroskopie
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515016
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 19
EP - 32
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - MacKinney, Anne Greenwood
T1 - Die Inszenierung naturforschender Gelehrsamkeit beim Sammeln: Christian Gottfried Ehrenbergs und Wilhelm Hemprichs nordafrikanische Forschungsreise (1820 – 1825)
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Im Jahr 1820 traten zwei Universitätsabsolventen, Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg und Wilhelm Hemprich, eine Forschungsreise nach Nordafrika an, die eine der ersten vom preußischen Staat maßgeblich getragenen Reiseunternehmungen darstellt. Wesentliches Ziel der Reise war das Sammeln von naturkundlichen Exemplaren für die junge Berliner Museumslandschaft. Der Beitrag ordnet die afrikanische Forschungsreise in die wissenschaftliche Laufbahn Ehrenbergs ein, der als einziger Reisender überlebte, sowie in die Geschichte der Berliner Wissenschaftslandschaft im frühen 19. Jahrhundert. Dabei konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf die Medien – insbesondere Sammlungsverzeichnisse und Sammlungsobjekte – die die Reisenden im Feld einsetzen mussten, um ihre Identität als gelehrte Naturforscher gegenüber ihren Förderern zu inszenieren und damit ihre Position in der preußischen Wissenschaft strategisch zu sichern.
N2 - In 1820, two university graduates, Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and Wilhelm Hemprich, embarked on a research expedition to North Africa, one of the first travel ventures funded by the Prussian state. The main goal of the trip was to collect natural history specimens for the Berlin museums. The article contextualizes the research voyage within the scientific career of Ehrenberg, the only surviving member of the voyage, and in the history of Berlin's scientific landscape in the early 19th century. The article focuses on the media – particularly collection inventories and collection objects – that the travelers implemented in the field to fashion their identity as learned naturalists and thus strategically secure their position in Prussian science.
N2 - En 1820, deux diplômés de lʼuniversité, Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg et Wilhelm Hemprich, se sont lancés dans une expédition de recherche en Afrique du Nord, lʼune des premières expéditions de voyage à bénéficier dʼun soutien important de lʼÉtat prussien. Le but principal du voyage était de collecter des spécimens d'histoire naturelle pour le jeune paysage muséal de Berlin. Le présent article se propose de situer le voyage de recherche en Afrique dans la carrière scientifique dʼEhrenberg, le seul voyageur survivant, ainsi que dans lʼhistoire de lʼinfrastructure scientifique de Berlin au début du XIXe siècle. Dans ce but, lʼarticle se concentre sur les médias – en particulier les inventaires et les objets de collection – que les voyageurs ont dû utiliser sur le terrain pour mettre en scène leur identité de naturalistes cultivés vis-à-vis de leurs mécènes afin d’assurer stratégiquement leur position dans la science prussienne.
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - Wilhelm Hemprich
KW - Forschungsreise
KW - gelehrte Tugenden
KW - Sammlungspraxis
KW - Dokumentationspraxis
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515021
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 35
EP - 51
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Päßler, Ulrich
T1 - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg und die Biogeographie: Die russisch-sibirische Reise mit Alexander von Humboldt (1829)
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - The Russian-Siberian journey, carried out with Alexander von Humboldt and Gustav Rose in 1829 coincided with a decisive phase in Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg’s scientific career. His field diary and the drawings he made on the trip document his intensified focus on the study of microorganisms. The numerous observations on plant and animal geography show how Ehrenberg tested a combination of micro- and macro-perspectives that would shape his research on infusoria in the following decades: In addition to the task of classification at the microscope, Ehrenberg carried out worldwide comparative research on the distribution of microorganisms.
N2 - El viaje a Rusia y Siberia de Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg en compañía de Alexander von Humboldt y Gustav Rose, realizado en 1829, coincidió con una fase decisiva en su carrera científica. Su diario y los dibujos realizados durante el viaje documentan una especial atención al estudio de los microorganismos. Las numerosas observaciones sobre la geografía de las plantas y los animales muestran cómo Ehrenberg ensayó una combinación de micro y macroperspectivas que daría forma a sus investigaciones sobre los infusorios en las décadas siguientes. Además de su labor de clasificación al microscopio, Ehrenberg llevó a cabo una investigación comparativa a nivel mundial sobre la distribución de los microorganismos.
N2 - Le voyage en Russie et en Sibérie entrepris en 1829 avec Alexander von Humboldt et Gustav Rose coïncide avec une phase décisive de la carrière scientifique de Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. Son carnet de voyage ainsi que les dessins réalisés par lui lors du voyage témoignent de l’intensification de son intérêt pour l’étude des microorganismes. Les nombreuses observations sur la géographie des plantes et des animaux font preuve de la façon dont Ehrenberg a testé d’adopter une combinaison de micro- et de macro-perspectives qui ont façonné ses recherches sur les infusoires dans les décennies suivantes: Outre la tâche de classification au microscope, Ehrenberg a mené des recherches comparatives mondiales sur la distribution et la dispersion des microorganismes.
KW - Mikrobiologie
KW - Forschungsreisen
KW - Biogeographie
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515034
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 75
EP - 87
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kusber, Wolf-Henning
A1 - Jahn, Regine
T1 - Christian Gottfried Ehrenbergs Zeichnungen: Eine frühe wissenschaftliche Dokumentation mikroskopischer Organismen
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Die Erforschung und Beschreibung mikroskopischer Organismen durch Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg ist durch seine publizierten Texte und Kupfertafeln in den „Infusionsthierchen“, der „Mikrogeologie“ sowie aus Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften überliefert. Zentrale Bedeutung haben seine Zeichenblätter, anfangs alleinige Dokumentation, später komplementiert durch tausende mikroskopischer Dauerpräparate rezenter und fossiler Kieselschalen sowie getrockneter Einzeller. Alle Originalmaterialien Ehrenbergs stehen für die aktuelle Forschung in der Ehrenbergsammlung zur Verfügung. Seine detailgenauen Zeichnungen dienten der Erstbeschreibung einer Vielzahl neuer Arten aus allen Weltteilen. Biogeografische und ökologische Fragestellungen, Beschreibungen von Lebenszyklen sowie außerordentliche Phänomene wie die Färbung von Gewässern und Erden wurden mithilfe zeichnerischer Analysen bearbeitet.
N2 - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg researched and described microscopic organisms and passed this knowledge on through his published texts and copper engravings in his two books “Infusionsthierchen” and “Mikrogeologie”, in addition to his many papers in the “Abhandlungen” of the “Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin”. Of central importance are his drawing sheets which were his sole documentation in the beginning. Later they were complemented by thousands of dried permanent microscopical preparations of recent and fossil diatom valves and other dried unicelled organisms. All his original materials are available in the Ehrenberg Collection for study. His detailed drawings served as the first description of a multitude of new species from around the world. Biogeographical and ecological questions, description of life cycles as well as extraordinary phenomena such as the coloring of waters and soils were treated by him through his drawings.
N2 - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg investigó y describió miles de microorganismos y transmitió este conocimiento a través de sus textos publicados y placas de cobre en sus dos libros “Infusionsthierchen” y “Mikrogeologie”, además de sus numerosos artículos en los “Abhandlungen” de la “Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlín”. Sus dibujos son de importancia central y que fueron inicialmente su única documentación. Posteriormente se complementan con miles de preparaciones microscópicas permanentes entre otas, de frústulas de diatomeas fósiles y recientes. Su material original está disponible para la investigación en la Colección de Ehrenberg. Sus dibujos detallados sirvieron como la primera descripción de una multitud de nuevas especies de todo el mundo. Temas biogeográficos y ecológicos, la descripción de los ciclos de vida, así como fenómenos extraordinarios como la coloración de aguas y suelos, fueron tratados por él a través de sus dibujos.
KW - Algen
KW - Artbeschreibung
KW - Mikroskopie
KW - Biodiversität
KW - naturkundliche Sammlung
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515040
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 105
EP - 117
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Markschies, Christoph
T1 - Geleitwort
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - Naturgemälde
KW - Mikrobiologie
KW - Infusionsthierchen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515452
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 5
EP - 13
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Päßler, Ulrich
T1 - Reisen im Nahen Osten. Zeichnungen
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Heinrich Menu von Minutoli unternahm 1820 eine Reise nach Nordafrika zur Erforschung ägyptischer und griechischer Altertümer. Die Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften bestimmte die jungen Naturforscher Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg und Wilhelm Hemprich als weitere Teilnehmer.
Während Minutoli bereits ein Jahr nach Beginn der Expedition 1821 nach Europa zurückkehrte, setzten Ehrenberg und Hemprich ihre Forschungen fort. Von Alexandria aus unternahmen sie, zum Teil getrennt, Exkursionen in die libysche Wüste, auf die Sinaihalbinsel, zum Roten Meer, in das Libanongebirge sowie bis in den Sudan und nach Eritrea, wo Hemprich 1825 dem Malariafieber erlag.
Wie von der Akademie der Wissenschaften beauftragt, sammelten Ehrenberg und Hemprich insgesamt 34 000 Tiere, 46 000 Pflanzen und 300 Mineralien. Diese trafen im Laufe der Jahre, verpackt in insgesamt 114 Kisten, in Berlin ein. Die Akademie stellte Mittel für die Auswertung der Sammlungen zur Verfügung. Ehrenbergs Reisebericht blieb aber ebenso Fragment wie das großangelegte Tafelwerk Symbolae physicae.
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - wissenschaftliche Zeichnungen
KW - Forschungsreisen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515571
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 53
EP - 71
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Päßler, Ulrich
T1 - Russisch-sibirische Reise. Zeichnungen
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - „Eine der größten Freuden meines Lebens würde sein, einmal 5 – 6 Monathe mit Ihnen, an Ihrer Seite, unter Ihrer Belehrung reisen zu können. Süßwassermuscheln, Fische, Bergpflanzen Rußlands sind wenig bekannt.“ Mit diesen Worten lud Alexander von Humboldt seinen Akademiekollegen Ehrenberg zur Teilnahme an der russisch-sibirischen Reise ein, die der preußische Kammerherr auf Einladung des Kaisers Nikolaj I. unternahm. Knapp drei Jahre nach der Rückkehr von der arabisch-afrikanischen Forschungsreise brach Ehrenberg also erneut auf: Am 12. April 1829 traten Humboldt, Ehrenberg und der Mineraloge Gustav Rose ihre Reise in Berlin an. Diese führte sie in knapp neun Monaten und über 19 000 Kilometer in den Ural und durch Westsibirien bis zur russisch-chinesischen Grenzstation Baty. Während Humboldt und Rose die Hüttenbezirke im Ural und Altai inspizierten, legte Ehrenberg botanische und zoologische Sammlungen an.
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - wissenschaftliche Zeichnungen
KW - Forschungsreisen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515601
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 89
EP - 101
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Päßler, Ulrich
T1 - Die Reise ins Kleinste der Natur. Zeichnungen
BT - Lebensbilder eines Naturforschers
JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz = Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
N2 - Nach den beiden großen Forschungsreisen konzentrierte Ehrenberg seine Arbeit in Berlin auf die systematische Beschreibung von Kleinstlebewesen, die sogenannten Infusorien. 1838 erschien eines seiner Hauptwerke, Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. Ein Blick in das tiefere organische Leben der Natur. Ehrenberg untersuchte tausende Proben aus aller Welt und wies Infusorien auf dem Grund der Weltmeere, in atmosphärischem Staub und in Hochgebirgen nach. Ausgehend von diesen Befunden beschäftigte er sich mit dem Anteil einzelliger kieselschaliger Mikroorganismen an der Bildung von Erden und geologischen Formationen. 1854 legte er die Mikrogeologie vor: In 41 Bildtafeln gab er weltweite „geographische Uebersichten über das kleine jetzige erdbildende Leben“. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg gilt als Mitbegründer der Boden-Mikrobiologie und Mikropaläontologie sowie als Pionier der Kieselalgenforschung und Protozoologie.
KW - Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
KW - wissenschaftliche Zeichnungen
KW - Geschichte der Mikroskopie
KW - wissenschaftliche Instrumente
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515612
SN - 1617-5239
SN - 2568-3543
VL - XXII
IS - 42
SP - 135
EP - 153
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Felser, Claudia
A1 - Jessen, Anna
T1 - Correlative coordination and variable subject-verb agreement in German
JF - Languages : open access journal
N2 - Coordinated subjects often show variable number agreement with the finite verb, but linguistic approaches to this phenomenon have rarely been informed by systematically collected data. We report the results from three experiments investigating German speakers' agreement preferences with complex subjects joined by the correlative conjunctions sowohl horizontal ellipsis als auch ('both horizontal ellipsis and'), weder horizontal ellipsis noch ('neither horizontal ellipsis nor') or entweder horizontal ellipsis oder ('either horizontal ellipsis or'). We examine to what extent conjunction type and a conjunct's relative proximity to the verb affect the acceptability and processibility of singular vs. plural agreement. Experiment 1 was an untimed acceptability rating task, Experiment 2 a timed sentence completion task, and Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading task. Taken together, our results show that number agreement with correlative coordination in German is primarily determined by a default constraint triggering plural agreement, which interacts with linear order and semantic factors. Semantic differences between conjunctions only affected speakers' agreement preferences in the absence of processing pressure but not their initial agreement computation. The combined results from our offline and online experimental measures of German speakers' agreement preferences suggest that the constraints under investigation do not only differ in their relative weighting but also in their relative timing during agreement computation.
KW - correlative coordination
KW - subject– verb agreement
KW - German
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6020067
SN - 2226-471X
VL - 6
IS - 2
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prieto, Julio
T1 - Un dandy de zapatos gastados
BT - errancias parisinas de César Vallejo
JF - Chasqui : revista de literatura latinoamericana
N2 - El comienzo podrían ser dos imágenes de Vallejo en París. La primera la extraigo de la más reciente biografía del escritor peruano, César Vallejo: A Literary Biography, obra del hispanista británico Stephen Hart. Refiere Hart que en sus primeros años en París la situación de Vallejo era tan precaria que cuando viajaba en tren evitaba descender del vagón hasta que no se hubiera detenido del todo para no desgastar su único par de zapatos. En cierta ocasión, yendo con unos amigos y topándose con una acera encharcada por la ruptura de una boca de riego, Vallejo prefirió dar media vuelta y despedirse de sus amigos antes que arriesgarse a arruinar sus zapatos atravesando el charco (108). Quisiera contrastar esta imagen, que sintetiza la penuria económica que marcó la vida de Vallejo en París y en general los quince años que pasó en Europa desde que abandonó el Perú en 1923 hasta su muerte en 1938, con la imagen que propone una fotografía (véase Fig. 1).
Es una fotografía muy conocida: tomada en 1929 por Juan Domingo Córdoba en el curso de un paseo veraniego por Versalles, se ha convertido en una suerte de imagen emblemática, reproducida en numerosas reediciones de la obra de Vallejo. De hecho, lo que a mí siempre me llamó la atención en esta imagen es la pose. La pose, y la elegancia del atuendo. Consideremos por un momento lo atildado del traje, el coqueto pañuelo que asoma del bolsillo superior de la chaqueta, el anillo con un ágata negra engastada en el dedo corazón, el sombrero de fieltro dejado al desgaire en la pierna, el señorial bastón—o la corbata anudada en pajarita con que aparece en otra fotografía contemporánea (véase Fig. 2). Si hubiera que definir en una palabra la elegancia de esa pose, yo diría que es la pose de un dandy. Un dandy de zapatos gastados.
En los múltiples transtierros de Vallejo, y en particular en los quince años que vivió en París, coexisten así pues la precariedad económica del emigrante y el cosmopolitismo del viajero culto.
N2 - The beginning could be two images of Vallejo in Paris. The first is extracted from the most recent biography of the Peruvian writer, César Vallejo: A Literary Biography, by the British Hispanist Stephen Hart. Hart reports that in his early years in Paris, Vallejo's situation was so precarious that when he traveled by train he avoided getting off the wagon until he had come to a complete stop so as not to wear his only pair of shoes. On one occasion, going with some friends and running into a sidewalk flooded by the rupture of a hydrant, Vallejo preferred to turn around and say goodbye to his friends rather than risk ruining his shoes by crossing the puddle (108). I would like to contrast this image, which synthesizes the economic hardship that marked Vallejo's life in Paris and in general the fifteen years that he spent in Europe since he left Peru in 1923 until his death in 1938, with the image proposed by a photograph (see Fig. 1).
It is a well-known photograph: taken in 1929 by Juan Domingo Córdoba during a summer walk through Versailles, it has become a kind of emblematic image, reproduced in numerous reissues of Vallejo's work. In fact, what always caught my attention in this image is the pose. The pose, and the elegance of the outfit. Consider for a moment the dapperness of the suit, the flirtatious handkerchief that peeks out of the top pocket of the jacket, the ring set with a black agate on the middle finger, the felt hat left loose on the leg, the stately cane — or the tie tied in a bow tie that appears in another contemporary photograph (see Fig. 2). If the elegance of that pose had to be defined in one word, I would say that it is the pose of a dandy. A dandy with worn out shoes.
In Vallejo's multiple trans-lands, and in particular in the fifteen years that he lived in Paris, the economic precariousness of the emigrant and the cosmopolitanism of the educated traveler coexist.
T2 - A Dude with worn out shoes: Cesar Vallejo's Parisian Errancies
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/un-dandy-de-zapatos-gastados-errancias-parisinas/docview/2555182671/se-2?accountid=14491
SN - 0145-8973
SN - 2327-4247
VL - 51
IS - 1
SP - 389
EP - 407
PB - Arizona State University
CY - Tempe
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krüger, Tobias
A1 - Linker, Torsten
T1 - Synthesis of gamma-spirolactams by Birch reduction of arenes
JF - European journal of organic chemistry
N2 - A convenient method for the synthesis of gamma-spirolactams in only three steps is described. Birch reduction of inexpensive and commercially available aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of chloroacetonitrile affords nitriles in moderate to good yields. Suitable precursors are methyl-substituted benzoic acids, naphthoic, and anthroic acid. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation proceeds smoothly with PtO2 or Raney Ni as catalysts and lactams are isolated in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Thus, up to 3 new stereogenic centers can be constructed as sole diastereomers from achiral benzoic acids. Furthermore, it is possible to control the degree of saturation at different pressures, affording products with 0, 1, or 2 double bonds. Overall, more than 15 new gamma-spirolactams have been synthesized in analytically pure form.
KW - Arenes
KW - Birch reduction
KW - Hydrogenation
KW - Lactams
KW - Synthetic methods
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202100056
SN - 1099-0690
VL - 2021
IS - 10
SP - 1585
EP - 1591
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fudickar, Werner
A1 - Metz, Melanie
A1 - Mai-Linde, Yasemin
A1 - Krüger, Tobias
A1 - Kelling, Alexandra
A1 - Sperlich, Eric
A1 - Linker, Torsten
T1 - Influence of functional groups on the ene reaction of singlet oxygen with 1,4-cyclohexadienes
JF - Photochemistry and photobiology : the official journal of the American Society for Photobiology
N2 - The photooxygenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes has been studied with a special focus on regio- and stereoselectivities. In all examples, only the methyl-substituted double bond undergoes an ene reaction with singlet oxygen, to afford hydroperoxides in moderate to good yields. We explain the high regioselectivities by a "large-group effect" of the adjacent quaternary stereocenter. Nitriles decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen, presumably by quenching, but can stabilize proposed per-epoxide intermediates by polar interactions resulting in different stereoselectivities. Spiro lactams and lactones show an interesting effect on regio- and stereoselectivities of the ene reactions. Thus, singlet oxygen attacks the double bond preferentially anti to the carbonyl group, affording only one regioisomeric hydroperoxide. If the reaction occurs from the opposite face, the other regioisomer is exclusively formed by severe electrostatic repulsion in a perepoxide intermediate. We explain this unusual behavior by the fixed geometry of spiro compounds and call it a "spiro effect" in singlet oxygen ene reactions.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13422
SN - 0031-8655
SN - 1751-1097
VL - 97
IS - 6
SP - 1289
EP - 1297
PB - Wiley
CY - Malden, Mass.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hein, Johannes
T1 - Verb movement and the lack of verb-doubling VP topicalization in Germanic
JF - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics
N2 - In the absence of a stranded auxiliary or modal, VP-topicalization in most Germanic languages gives rise to the presence of a dummy verb meaning 'do'. Cross-linguistically, this is a rather uncommon strategy as comparable VP-fronting constructions in other languages, e.g. Hebrew, Polish, and Portuguese, among many others, exhibit verb doubling. A comparison of several recent approaches to verb doubling in VP-fronting reveals that it is the consequence of VP-evacuating head movement of the verb to some higher functional head, which saves the (low copy of the) verb from undergoing copy deletion as part of the low VP copy in the VP-topicalization dependency. Given that almost all Germanic languages have such V-salvaging head movement, namely V-to-C movement, but do not show verb doubling, this paper suggests that V-raising is exceptionally impossible in VP-topicalization clauses and addresses the question of why it is blocked. After discussing and rejecting some conceivable explanations for the lack of verb doubling, I propose that the blocking effect arises from a bleeding interaction between V-to-C movement and VP-to-SpecCP movement. As both operations are triggered by the same head, i.e. C, the VP is always encountered first by a downward search algorithm. Movement of VP then freezes it and its lower copies for subextraction precluding subsequent V-raising. Crucially, this implies that there is no V-to-T raising in most Germanic languages. V2 languages with V-to-T raising, e.g. Yiddish, are correctly predicted to not exhibit the blocking effect.
KW - Verb doubling
KW - Head movement
KW - VP-topicalization
KW - Copy deletion
KW - V-to-T
KW - movement
KW - V-to-C movement
KW - Verb second
KW - Freezing
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-021-09125-5
SN - 1383-4924
SN - 1572-8552
VL - 24
IS - 1
SP - 89
EP - 144
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Paunov, Tatjana
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder
BT - How suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?
JF - BMC psychiatry
N2 - Background
Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample.
Methods
In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being.
Results
Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52).
Conclusions
Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy.
KW - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW - Psychodiagnostics
KW - Psychometric properties
KW - Screening
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x
SN - 1471-244X
VL - 21
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Prieto, Julio
T1 - ‘La poesía no da para tanto’
BT - lírica y autoficción en Lorenzo García Vega
JF - Bulletin of Hispanic studies : a record and review of their progress / The University of Liverpool
N2 - This article focuses on the unique combination of poetry, fiction and autobiography that distinguishes Lorenzo Garcia Vega's recent work. Through a reading of this work and, in particular, of the 'bad novel', Devastacion del Hotel San Luis (2007), a rethinking of the concept of autofiction is proposed, based on Benveniste's linguistic analysis of enunciation modes and on a revision of Kate Hamburger's theory of literary genres. My reading situates the question of autofiction in this author in the context of his conflictive dialogue with the group Origenes, tracing the mixture of narrative and lyrical modes of autofiguration in Garcia Vega's unique project: rewriting both Proust's autobiographic narrative and Lezama's neobaroque poetics.
N2 - Este artículo se enfoca en la singular combinación de poesía, ficción y autobiografía que pone en juego la obra reciente de Lorenzo García Vega. A través de una lectura de dicha obra, y en particular de la ‘mala novela’, Devastación del Hotel San Luis (2007), se propone un replanteamiento teórico del concepto de autoficción que se apoya en el análisis lingüístico de los modos de enunciación de Benveniste y en una revisión de la teoría de los géneros literarios de Käte Hamburger. Mi lectura sitúa la cuestión de la autoficción en el conflictivo diálogo de este autor con el grupo Orígenes, y explora el cruce de modos narrativos y líricos de autofiguración en el singular proyecto de García Vega: reescribir la narrativa autobiográfica proustiana a la vez que la poética neobarroca lezamiana.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.5
SN - 1475-3839
SN - 1478-3398
VL - 98
IS - 1
SP - 67
EP - 86
PB - Liverpool Univ. Press
CY - Liverpool
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Birke, Joseph
T1 - Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity
JF - International journal of conflict and violence
N2 - Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.
KW - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW - BDSM
KW - sexual aggression
KW - psychopathy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3777
SN - 1864-1385
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld
CY - Bielefeld
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haßler, Gerda
T1 - Adverbal expression of aspectuality and interaction with perfective and imperfective verbs
JF - Russian Grammar: System – Usus – Variation/Русская грамматика: Cистема – узус – варьирование
N2 - This paper intends to explore the interaction between aspect and lexical means, in this case temporal adverbials, in the bounding of representations of situations. First, the theoretical basis is outlined, followed by the results of a corpus analysis of coccurrences with adverbs that limit situations. The term situation encompasses all representable processes, states, events, or actions. Finally, some theoretical conclusions are drawn concerning the cognitive category of bounding, using the example of aspectuality. The imperfective verb forms maintain their aspectuality in delimiting connections with adverbs, resulting in a complex, multi-dimensional aspectuality. In nongrammaticalized forms, such as lexical markers, the speaker is free to make a temporal localization or an aspectual perspective. Lexical expressions can make temporal and aspect markings even more precisely and clearly than tenses. They can also limit or extend situations and thus express aspect. Aspectuality thus presents itself as a compositional category, in which external bounding and the internal representation of a course of action or development can interact.
N2 - Данная статья ставит своей целью исследовать взаимодействие между видом глагола и лексическими средствами, в данном случае временными наречиями, в ограни чении репрезентаций ситуаций. После изложения теоретических основ исследования приводятся результаты корпусного анализа совпадений грамматического вида с наречиями, ограничивающими ситуации. Термин “ситуация” в статье охватывает все репрезен-
тируемые процессы, состояния, события или действия. В заключении делаются некоторые теоретические выводы относительно когнитивной категории ограничения на примере аспектуальности. Формы несовершенного вида сохраняют свою изначальную аспектуальность при разграничении связей с наречиями, что приводит к сложной, много-мерной аспектуальности. В неграмматикализованных формах, таких как лексические маркеры, говорящий свободен в выборе временной локализации или аспектуальной перспективы. Лексические средства могут выражать временные и видовые нюансы даже более точно и четко, чем времена. Они также могут ограничивать или расширять ситуации и, таким образом, выражать аспектуальность. Таким образом, аспектуальность представ- ляется как композиционная категория, в которой могут взаимодействовать внешнее ограничение и внутреннее представление развития действия.
T2 - Адвербиальное выражение аспектуальности и его взаимодействие с глаголами
совершенного и несовершенного вида
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-631-87748-7
SP - 219
EP - 234
PB - Lang
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wardlitz, Vladislava
T1 - Introduction
JF - Russian grammar: system - usus - variation = Russkaja grammatika: sistema - uzus - varʹirovanie / Vladislava Warditz
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-631-86458-6
SN - 978-3-631-87748-7
SN - 978-3-631-87749-4
SN - 2750-297X
SN - 2750-2961
SP - 15
EP - 22
PB - Lang
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gerlof, Karsten
A1 - Kostädt, Peter
A1 - Stempfl, Christian
T1 - Digitalisierungsstrategie der Hochschulverwaltung
BT - Entwicklung, Maßnahmen und Umsetzung am Beispiel der Universität Potsdam
JF - Wissenschaftsmanagement : entscheiden, führen, gestalten : Jahresband
N2 - Digitalisierung ist und bleibt in aller Munde. Spätestens mit Beginn der Corona-Pandemie und dem Wechsel vieler Mitarbeiter:innen ins Homeoffice sind die Notwendigkeiten und Anforderungen noch einmal deutlich gestiegen. Hinzu kommen diverse rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen (E-Government-Gesetze, OZG, SDG), die als Treiber der Digitalisierung fungieren. Wie aber kann die Verwaltungsdigitalisierung an einer Hochschule effizient und nachhaltig organisiert werden?
Y1 - 2021
SN - 2196-0321
SN - 0947-9546
IS - 2021
PB - Lemmens
CY - Bonn
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Teichler, Hans Joachhim
T1 - Rezension zu: Nordalm, Jens: Der schöne Deutsche: das Leben des Gottfried von Cramm. - Hamburg: Rowohlt, 2021. - 286 S. - ISBN 978-3-498-00207-7
JF - Berliner Debatte Initial : sozial- und geisteswissenschaftliches Journal
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-947802-73-9
SN - 0863-4564
VL - 32
SP - 162
EP - 165
PB - WeltTrends
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dörfler, Thomas
A1 - Gehring, Thomas
T1 - Analogy-based collective decision-making and incremental change in international organizations
JF - European journal of international relations
N2 - We examine how analogy-based collective decision-making of member states contributes to the endogenous emergence of informal rules and the incremental change of international organizations (IOs). Decision-making by analogy is an important characteristic of day-to-day decision-making in IOs. Relating current decisions to previous ones through analogies drives incremental change and simultaneously reinforces organizational resilience. Whereas the foreign policy analysis literature shows that analogies can be used as cognitive shortcuts in fuzzy and complex foreign policy situations, we focus on their use to overcome social ambiguity (indeterminacy) of coordination situations in IOs. Drawing on psychological conceptions, we develop two micro-level mechanisms that elucidate the effects of analogy-based collective decision-making in member-driven IOs. Analogy-based collective decisions emphasizing similarity between a current situation and previous ones follow an established problem schema and produce expansive and increasingly well-established informal rules. Collective decisions that are analogy-based but emphasize a crucial difference follow different problem schemas and trigger the emergence of additional informal rules that apply to new classes of cases. The result is an increasingly fine-grained web of distinct organizational solutions for a growing number of problems. Accordingly, an IO can increasingly facilitate collective decision-making and gains resilience. Empirically, we probe these propositions with a documentary analysis of decision-making in the Yugoslavia sanctions committee, established by the United Nations Security Council to deal with a stream of requests for exempting certain goods or services from the comprehensive economic embargo imposed on Yugoslavia in response to the War in the Balkans.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066120987889
SN - 1354-0661
SN - 1460-3713
VL - 27
IS - 3
SP - 753
EP - 778
PB - Sage
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
A1 - Fauth, Henriette
A1 - Destina Sevde, Ay-Bryson
A1 - Visser, Leonie N.C.
A1 - Weck, Florian
T1 - Communicating the diagnosis of cancer or depression: Results of a randomized controlled online study using video vignettes
JF - Cancer Medicine
N2 - Background
Communicating a diagnosis is highly important, yet complex, especially in the context of cancer and mental disorders. The aim was to explore the communication style of an oncologist vs. psychotherapist in an online study.
Methods
Patients (N = 136: 65 cancer, 71 depression) were randomly assigned to watch a standardized video vignette with one of two communication styles (empathic vs. unempathic). Outcome measures of affectivity, information recall, communication skills, empathy and trust were applied.
Results
Regardless of diagnosis, empathic communication was associated with the perception of a significantly more empathic (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.08) and trustworthy practitioner (p = 0.014, η2partial = 0.04) with better communication skills (p = 0.013, η2partial = 0.05). Cancer patients reported a larger decrease in positive affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.15) and a larger increase in negative affect (p < 0.001, η2partial = 0.14) from pre- to post-video than depressive patients. Highly relevant information was recalled better in both groups (p < 0.001, d = 0.61–1.06).
Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of empathy while communicating both a diagnosis of cancer and a mental disorder. Further research should focus on the communication of a mental disorder in association with cancer.
KW - consultation
KW - mental health
KW - oncology
KW - psycho-oncology
KW - skills
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4396
SN - 2045-7634
VL - 10
SP - 9012
EP - 9021
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
ET - 24
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Florian
A1 - Keller, Matthias
T1 - Riesz decompositions for Schrödinger operators on graphs
JF - Journal of mathematical analysis and applications
N2 - We study superharmonic functions for Schrodinger operators on general weighted graphs. Specifically, we prove two decompositions which both go under the name Riesz decomposition in the literature. The first one decomposes a superharmonic function into a harmonic and a potential part. The second one decomposes a superharmonic function into a sum of superharmonic functions with certain upper bounds given by prescribed superharmonic functions. As application we show a Brelot type theorem.
KW - Potential theory
KW - Green's function
KW - Schrödinger operator
KW - Weighted
KW - graph
KW - Subcritical
KW - Greatest harmonic minorant
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2020.124674
SN - 0022-247X
SN - 1096-0813
VL - 495
IS - 1
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reiners, Nina
T1 - Despite or Because of Contestation?
BT - how water became a human right
JF - Human Rights Quarterly
N2 - Almost twenty years after its recognition in international human rights law, the human right to water continues to spark discussions about its scope and meaning. This article revisits the evolution and contestation of the right's first international legal framework, General Comment No. 15 from the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The analysis highlights the contestation of economic and social rights as a universal phenomenon at multiple levels, but argues that these meaning-making practices can support their validation and recognition.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2021.0021
SN - 1085-794X
SN - 0275-0392
VL - 43
IS - 2
SP - 329
EP - 343
PB - Johns Hopkins Univ.
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schäfer, Robin
A1 - Stede, Manfred
T1 - Argument mining on twitter
BT - a survey
JF - Information technology : it ; Methoden und innovative Anwendungen der Informatik und Informationstechnik ; Organ der Fachbereiche 3 und 4 der GI e.V. und des Fachbereichs 6 der ITG
N2 - In the last decade, the field of argument mining has grown notably. However, only relatively few studies have investigated argumentation in social media and specifically on Twitter. Here, we provide the, to our knowledge, first critical in-depth survey of the state of the art in tweet-based argument mining. We discuss approaches to modelling the structure of arguments in the context of tweet corpus annotation, and we review current progress in the task of detecting argument components and their relations in tweets. We also survey the intersection of argument mining and stance detection, before we conclude with an outlook.
KW - Argument Mining
KW - Twitter
KW - Stance Detection
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2020-0053
SN - 1611-2776
SN - 2196-7032
VL - 63
IS - 1
SP - 45
EP - 58
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schwarze, Thomas
T1 - Determination of Pd2+ by fluorescence enhancement caused by an off-switching of an energy- and an electron transfer
JF - ChemistrySelect
N2 - In this paper, we introduce a fluorescent dye 1, which is able to detect selectively Pd2+ by a clear fluorescence enhancement (FE) in THF. In the presence of eight Pd2+ equivalents, we observed a fluorescence enhancement factor (FEF) of 28.3. The high Pd2+ induced FEF can be explained by an off switching of multiple quenching processes within 1 by Pd2+. In the free dye 1 a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (ET) takes place and quenches the anthracenic fluorescence. The coordination of eight Pd2+ units by the alkylthio-substituted porphyrazine receptor suppresses the PET and ET quenching process and the anthracenic fluorescence is switched on.
KW - Palladium ion
KW - electron transfer
KW - energy transfer
KW - fluorescence
KW - porphyrazine
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003975
SN - 2365-6549
VL - 6
IS - 3
SP - 318
EP - 322
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fuhr, Harald
T1 - The rise of the Global South and the rise in carbon emissions
JF - Third world quarterly
N2 - Jointly with the Global North, the rise of the Global South has come at a high cost to the environment. Driven by its high energy intensity and the use of fossil fuels, the South has contributed a significant portion of global emissions during the last 30 years, and is now contributing some 63% of today's total GHG emissions (including land-use change and forestry). Similar to the Global North, the Global South's emissions are heavily concentrated: India and China alone account for some 60% and the top 10 countries for some 78% of the group's emissions, while some 120 countries account for only 22%. Without highlighting such differences, it makes little sense to use the term 'Global South'. Its members are affected differently, and contribute differently to global climate change. They neither share a common view, nor do they pursue joint interests when it comes to international climate negotiations. Instead, they are organised into more than a dozen subgroups of the global climate regime. There is no single climate strategy for the Global South, and climate action will differ enormously from country to country. Furthermore, just and equitable transitions may be particularly challenging for some countries.
KW - Climate change
KW - international development
KW - energy
KW - environmental policy
KW - Global South
KW - transition policy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1954901
SN - 0143-6597
SN - 1360-2241
VL - 42
IS - 11
SP - 2724
EP - 2746
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wojcik, Laurie Anne
A1 - Ceulemans, Ruben
A1 - Gaedke, Ursula
T1 - Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs
JF - Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Biodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: This loss may hamper ecosystems’ ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human-induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, that is, resistance, resilience, and elasticity, using a tritrophic—and thus more realistic—plankton food web model. We compared a non-adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade-offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half-saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience, and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context-dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift toward a non-desirable alternative state. The basal-intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience, and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines.
KW - functional diversity
KW - nutrient spike
KW - pulse perturbation
KW - regime shift
KW - robustness
KW - tritrophic food web
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8214
SN - 2045-7758
N1 - Wojcik and Ceulemans shared first authorship.
VL - 11
IS - 22
SP - 15639
EP - 15663
PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY - Hoboken (New Jersey)
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Clahsen, Harald
A1 - Jessen, Anna
T1 - Morphological generalization in bilingual language production
BT - age of acquisition determines variability
JF - Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics
N2 - Morphological variability in bilingual language production is widely attested. Producing inflected words has been found to be less reliable and consistent in bilinguals than in first-language (functionally monolingual) L1 speakers, even for bilingual speakers at advanced proficiency levels. The sources for these differences are not well understood. The current study presents a detailed investigation of morphological generalization processes in bilingual speakers' language production. We examined past participle formation of German using an elicited-production experiment containing nonce verbs with varying degrees of similarity to existing verbs testing a large group of bilingual Turkish/German speakers relative to L1 German speakers. We compared similarity-based lexical extensions with generalizations of morphological rules. The results show that rule-based generalizations are used less often and more variably within the bilingual group than within the L1 group. Our results also show a selective effect of age of acquisition on the bilingual speakers' morphological generalizations.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2021.1910267
SN - 1048-9223
SN - 1532-7817
VL - 28
IS - 4
SP - 370
EP - 386
PB - Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bär, Christian
T1 - The Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm and the Pfaffian
JF - Linear algebra and its applications
N2 - We adapt the Faddeev-LeVerrier algorithm for the computation of characteristic polynomials to the computation of the Pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix. This yields a very simple, easy to implement and parallelize algorithm of computational cost O(n(beta+1)) where nis the size of the matrix and O(n(beta)) is the cost of multiplying n x n-matrices, beta is an element of [2, 2.37286). We compare its performance to that of other algorithms and show how it can be used to compute the Euler form of a Riemannian manifold using computer algebra.
KW - Characteristic polynomial
KW - Determinant
KW - Pfaffian
KW - Gauss-Bonnet-Chern
KW - theorem
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2021.07.023
SN - 0024-3795
SN - 1873-1856
VL - 630
SP - 39
EP - 55
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Busch, Per-Olof
A1 - Feil, Hauke
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa
A1 - Herold, Jana
A1 - Kempken, Mathies
A1 - Liese, Andrea
T1 - Policy recommendations of international bureaucracies
BT - the importance of country-specificity
JF - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
N2 - Many international bureaucracies give policy advice to national administrative units. Why is the advice given by some international bureaucracies more influential than the recommendations of others? We argue that targeting advice to member states through national embeddedness and country-tailored research increases the influence of policy advice. Subsequently, we test how these characteristics shape the relative influence of 15 international bureaucracies' advice in four financial policy areas through a global survey of national administrations from more than 80 countries. Our findings support arguments that global blueprints need to be adapted and translated to become meaningful for country-level work.
Points for practitioners
National administrations are advised by an increasing number of international bureaucracies, and they cannot listen to all of this advice. Whereas some international bureaucracies give 'one-size-fits-all' recommendations to rather diverse countries, others cater their recommendations to the national audience. Investigating financial policy recommendations, we find that national embeddedness and country-tailored advice render international bureaucracies more influential.
KW - financial policy
KW - international administration
KW - international
KW - organizations
KW - multi-level government
KW - regime complexity
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211013385
SN - 0020-8523
SN - 1461-7226
VL - 87
IS - 4
SP - 775
EP - 793
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Los Angeles, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
A1 - Reiners, Nina
T1 - Connecting international relations and public administration
BT - toward a joint research agenda for the study of international bureaucracy
JF - International studies review
N2 - The recent debate on administrative bodies in international organizations has brought forward multiple theoretical perspectives, analytical frameworks, and methodological approaches. Despite these efforts to advance knowledge on these actors, the research program on international public administrations (IPAs) has missed out on two important opportunities: reflection on scholarship in international relations (IR) and public administration and synergies between these disciplinary perspectives. Against this backdrop, the essay is a discussion of the literature on IPAs in IR and public administration. We found influence, authority, and autonomy of international bureaucracies have been widely addressed and helped to better understand the agency of such non-state actors in global policy-making. Less attention has been given to the crucial macro-level context of politics for administrative bodies, despite the importance in IR and public administration scholarship. We propose a focus on agency and politics as future avenues for a comprehensive, joint research agenda for international bureaucracies.
N2 - El reciente debate sobre los organismos administrativos en las organizaciones internacionales ha generado diversas perspectivas teóricas, marcos analíticos y enfoques metodológicos. A pesar de estos esfuerzos por mejorar el conocimiento sobre estos actores, el programa de investigación sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales (International Public Administration, IPA) ha perdido dos oportunidades importantes: la reflexión sobre la erudición en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública y las sinergias entre estas perspectivas disciplinarias. Con este trasfondo, en el ensayo se analiza la literatura sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública. Descubrimos que la influencia, la autoridad y la autonomía de las burocracias internacionales se han abordado ampliamente y ayudaron a comprender mejor la función de dichos agentes no estatales en la formulación de políticas a nivel mundial. Se ha prestado menos atención al contexto clave a nivel macro de la política de los organismos administrativos, a pesar de su importancia en las relaciones internacionales y la erudición en la administración pública. Proponemos enfocarnos en la agencia y la política como futuras vías para implementar un programa de investigación conjunta y exhaustiva para las burocracias internacionales.
N2 - Le récent débat sur les organes administratifs des organisations internationales a mis en avant plusieurs perspectives théoriques, cadres analytiques et approches méthodologiques. Malgré ces efforts pour faire progresser la connaissance de ces acteurs, le Programme de recherche sur les administrations publiques internationales a manqué deux opportunités majeures : une réflexion sur les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique ainsi que sur les synergies entre ces perspectives des disciplines. Cet essai s'appuie sur cette toile de fond pour établir une discussion au sujet de la littérature abordant les administrations publiques internationales dans les domaines des relations internationales et de l'administration publique. Nous avons constaté que l'influence, l'autorité et l'autonomie des bureaucraties internationales avaient été largement abordées, ce qui permettait de mieux comprendre le pouvoir de tels acteurs non-étatiques dans l’établissement des politiques internationales. Toutefois, malgré son importance dans les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique, une moins grande attention a été accordée au contexte macro des politiques des organes administratifs alors qu'il est crucial. Nous proposons de mettre l'accent sur le pouvoir et les politiques comme pistes futures pour un programme de recherche conjoint complet sur les bureaucraties internationales.
KW - international bureaucracies
KW - international organizations
KW - public
KW - administration
KW - nonstate actors
KW - palabras clave
KW - burocracias internacionales
KW - organizaciones internacionales
KW - administración pública
KW - agentes no estatales
KW - mots clés
KW - bureaucraties internationales
KW - organisations internationales
KW - administration publique
KW - acteurs non-étatiques
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa097
SN - 1521-9488
SN - 1468-2486
VL - 23
IS - 4
SP - 1230
EP - 1247
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -