TY - JOUR A1 - Rockström, Johan A1 - Kotzé, Louis A1 - Milutinović, Svetlana A1 - Biermann, Frank A1 - Brovkin, Victor A1 - Donges, Jonathan A1 - Ebbesson, Jonas A1 - French, Duncan A1 - Gupta, Joyeeta A1 - Kim, Rakhyun A1 - Lenton, Timothy A1 - Lenzi, Dominic A1 - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa A1 - Neumann, Barbara A1 - Schuppert, Fabian A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Bosselmann, Klaus A1 - Folke, Carl A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Schlosberg, David A1 - Richardson, Katherine A1 - Steffen, Will T1 - The planetary commons BT - a new paradigm for safeguarding earth-regulating systems in the Anthropocene JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no- analogue tra­jectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons frame­work by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice. KW - anthropocene KW - earth system governance KW - global commons KW - international law KW - planetary boundaries Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301531121 SN - 1091-6490 SN - 1877-2014 VL - 121 IS - 5 PB - National Academy of Sciences CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp A1 - Cockshott, William Paul T1 - Input-output planning and information JF - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization N2 - In this paper, we show how socialist planning can be based on input-output data. We argue that the information required for this can be obtained by a central planning agency and thus dismiss Hayek’s information argument against socialism. We further show how economic planning can be made responsive to consumer demand through a feedback control mechanism. Output targets of products would be adjusted in response to observed consumer demand or based on predictions about future demand. Planners can use machine learning to make more accurate forecasts. The valuation of goods plays an important role in the feedback control mechanism. The values of goods can either be measured by the labour time necessary for their production (labour values) or through shadow prices based on linear programming. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.10.043 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 205 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambert, Karras A1 - Fegley, Tate A1 - Candela, Rosolino A1 - Boettke, Peter A1 - Phelan, Steven A1 - Wenzel, Nikolai G. A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp T1 - Reply and Counter-Reply BT - on cybersocialism JF - Journal of economic behavior & organization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.026 SN - 0167-2681 IS - 212 SP - 300 EP - 310 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Justifying types of representative democracy BT - a response JF - Critical review of international social and political philosophy N2 - This article responds to critical reflections on my Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Sarah Birch, Kevin J. Elliott, Claudia Landwehr and James L. Wilson. It discusses how different types of representative democracy, especially different forms of government (presidential, parliamentary or hybrid), can be justified. It clarifies, among other things, the distinction between procedural and process equality, the strengths of semi-parliamentary government, the potential instability of constitutional designs, and the difference that theories can make in actual processes of constitutional reform. KW - political equality KW - semi-parliamentarism KW - presidentialism KW - institutional design KW - executive personalism Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2022.2159665 SN - 1369-8230 SN - 1743-8772 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsebelis, George A1 - Thies, Michael A1 - Cheibub, José Antonio A1 - Dixon, Rosalind A1 - Bogéa, Daniel A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Review symposium BT - beyond presidentialism and parliamentarism JF - European political science N2 - Steffen Ganghof’s Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers (Oxford University Press, 2021) posits that “in a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not” (Ganghof, 2021). To consider, examine and theorise about this, Ganghof urges engagement with semi-parliamentarism. As explained by Ganghof, legislative power is shared between two democratically legitimate sections of parliament in a semi-parliamentary system, but only one of those sections selects the government and can remove it in a no-confidence vote. Consequently, power is dispersed and not concentrated in the hands of any one person, which, Ganghof argues, can lead to an enhanced form of parliamentary democracy. In this book review symposium, George Tsebelis, Michael Thies, José Antonio Cheibub, Rosalind Dixon and Daniel Bogéa review Steffen Ganghof’s book and engage with the author about aspects of research design, case selection and theoretical argument. This symposium arose from an engaging and constructive discussion of the book at a seminar hosted by Texas A&M University in 2022. We thank Prof José Cheibub (Texas A&M) for organising that seminar and Dr Anna Fruhstorfer (University of Potsdam) for initiating this book review symposium. KW - semi-parliamentary government KW - presidentialism KW - parliamentary government KW - separation of powers KW - legislatures KW - executives KW - parliamentary democracy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-023-00426-9 SN - 1680-4333 SN - 1682-0983 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Schulze, Kai ED - Wenzelburger, Georg ED - Zohlnhöfer, Reimut T1 - Vetospieler und Institutionen T2 - Handbuch Policy-Forschung N2 - Der Beitrag widmet sich zwei überaus fruchtbaren theoretischen Ansätzen in der Policy-Forschung und darüber hinaus: der Vetospielertheorie und Vetopunkt-Ansätzen. Neben den Grundzügen beider Ansätze stellen wir grundlegende Entwicklungslinien und Probleme dieser Literaturen anhand beispielhafter Studien dar. Es zeigt sich, dass beide Ansätze teils kontroverse Annahmen treffen, zu denen es plausible Alternativen gibt. Zum Beispiel kann das Verhalten von Koalitionsparteien im Policy-Prozess anders als von der Vetospielertheorie angenommen modelliert werden. Die kausalen Effekte bestimmter Institutionen oder Vetopunkte können zudem je nach Kontext variieren. Diesem Kontext sollte größere Beachtung geschenkt werden. KW - Vetospieler KW - Vetopunkte KW - formale Modelle KW - Präferenzen KW - Kontext Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-34559-4 SN - 978-3-658-34560-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34560-0_4 SP - 101 EP - 125 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ET - 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Pruin, Andree T1 - Organizational reputation in executive politics BT - citizen-oriented units in the German federal bureaucracy JF - International review of administrative sciences N2 - In recent years, governments have increased their efforts to strengthen the citizen-orientation in policy design. They have established temporary arenas as well as permanent units inside the machinery of government to integrate citizens into policy formulation, leading to a “laboratorization” of central government organizations. We argue that the evolution and role of these units herald new dynamics in the importance of organizational reputation for executive politics. These actors deviate from the classic palette of organizational units inside the machinery of government and thus require their own reputation vis-à-vis various audiences within and outside their parent organization. Based on a comparative case study of two of these units inside the German federal bureaucracy, we show how ambiguous expectations of their audiences challenge their organizational reputation. Both units resolve these tensions by balancing their weaker professional and procedural reputation with a stronger performative and moral reputation. We conclude that government units aiming to improve citizen orientation in policy design may benefit from engaging with citizens as their external audience to compensate for a weaker reputation in the eyes of their audiences inside the government organization. Points for practitioners: many governments have introduced novel means to strengthen citizen-centered policy design, which has led to an emergence of novel units inside central government that differ from traditional bureaucratic structures and procedures ; this study analyzes how these new units may build their organizational reputation vis-à-vis internal and external actors in government policymaking. ; we show that such units assert themselves primarily based on their performative and moral reputation. KW - citizen participation KW - government policymaking KW - organizational reputation Y1 - 0023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523221132228 SN - 0020-8523 SN - 1461-7226 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Job satisfaction and the digital transformation of the public sector BT - the mediating role of job autonomy JF - Review of Public Personnel Administration N2 - Worldwide, governments have introduced novel information and communication technologies (ICTs) for policy formulation and service delivery, radically changing the working environment of government employees. Following the debate on work stress and particularly on technostress, we argue that the use of ICTs triggers “digital overload” that decreases government employees’ job satisfaction via inhibiting their job autonomy. Contrary to prior research, we consider job autonomy as a consequence rather than a determinant of digital overload, because ICT-use accelerates work routines and interruptions and eventually diminishes employees’ freedom to decide how to work. Based on novel survey data from government employees in Germany, Italy, and Norway, our structural equation modeling (SEM) confirms a significant negative effect of digital overload on job autonomy. More importantly, job autonomy partially mediates the negative relationship between digital overload and job satisfaction, pointing to the importance of studying the micro-foundations of ICT-use in the public sector. KW - digital transformation KW - digital overload KW - job autonomy KW - job satisfaction KW - civil service survey Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221148403 SN - 0734-371X SN - 1552-759X PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - Creativity in policy capacity BT - organizational and individual determinants JF - Public administration review N2 - Creativity is a crucial part of policy capacity in governments. Existing studies on creative behavior in the public sector assess employees' openness to new ideas and creative solutions, and they confirm the relevance of organizational and individual determinants for pro-creativity attitudes. Yet we lack systemic evidence on the explicit level of work-related creativity among policy officials in government organizations. At the same time, novel technologies and particularly social networking services change the working environment of policy officials radically, alter organizational features, and may also yield crucial individual effects. Our study analyses “policy creativity” of policy officials in three European governments. We demonstrate the importance of organizational and individual features, including the stress triggered by using social networking services. Our study captures officials' creativity explicitly and adds to debates on creativity and innovation in the public sector as well as the micro-level foundations of the digital transformation in the public sector. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13676 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal T1 - Political time in public bureaucracies BT - explaining variation of structural duration in European governments JF - Public administration review N2 - Structural duration conveys stability but also resilience in central government and is therefore a key issue in the debate on the structure and organization of government. This paper discusses three core variants of structural duration to study the explanatory relevance of politics. We compare these durations across ministerialunits in four European democracies (Germany, France, The Netherlands, and Norway) from 1980 to 2013, totaling over 17,000 units. Our empirical analyses show that cabinets’ ideological turnover and extremism are the most significant predictors of all variants of duration, whereas polarization in parliament as well as new prime ministers without office experience yield the predicted significant negative effects for most models. We discuss these findings and avenues for futureresearch that acknowledge the definition and measures for structural change as well as temporal aspects of the empirical phenomenon more explicitly. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13740 SN - 0033-3352 SN - 1540-6210 VL - 83 IS - 6 SP - 1813 EP - 1832 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Squatrito, Theresa A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Tallberg, Jonas T1 - Introducing the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD) JF - The review of international organizations N2 - There is a growing recognition that international organizations (IOs) formulate and adopt policy in a wide range of areas. IOs have emerged as key venues for states seeking joint solutions to contemporary challenges such as climate change or COVID-19, and to establish frameworks to bolster trade, development, security, and more. In this capacity, IOs produce both extraordinary and routine policy output with a multitude of purposes, ranging from policies of historic significance like admitting new members to the more mundane tasks of administering IO staff. This article introduces the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset (IPOD), which covers close to 37,000 individual policy acts of 13 multi-issue IOs in the 1980–2015 period. The dataset fills a gap in the growing body of literature on the comparative study of IOs, providing researchers with a fine-grained perspective on the structure of IO policy output and data for comparisons across time, policy areas, and organizations. This article describes the construction and coverage of the dataset and identifies key temporal and cross-sectional patterns revealed by the data. In a concise illustration of the dataset’s utility, we apply models of punctuated equilibria in a comparative study of the relationship between institutional features and broad policy agenda dynamics. Overall, the Intergovernmental Policy Output Dataset offers a unique resource for researchers to analyze IO policy output in a granular manner and to explore questions of responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy of IOs. KW - international organizations KW - policy KW - policy agendas KW - decision-making Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-023-09492-6 SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 19 SP - 117 EP - 146 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundgren, Magnus A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Squatrito, Theresa T1 - When are international organizations responsive to policy problems? JF - International studies quarterly : the journal of the International Studies Association N2 - When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the responsiveness of IOs from a large-n, comparative approach. Theoretically, we develop three alternative models of IO responsiveness, emphasizing severeness, dependence, and power differentials. Empirically, we focus on the domain of security, examining the responsiveness of eight multi-issue IOs to armed conflict between 1980 and 2015, using a novel and expansive dataset on IO policy decisions. Our findings suggest, first, that IOs are responsive to security problems and, second, that responsiveness is not primarily driven by dependence or power differentials but by problem severity. An in-depth study of the responsiveness of the UN Security Council using more granular data confirms these findings. As the first comparative study of whether and when IO policy adapts to problem severity, the article has implications for debates about IO responsiveness, performance, and legitimacy. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad045 SN - 0020-8833 SN - 1468-2478 VL - 67 IS - 3 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duit, Andreas A1 - Lim, Sijeong A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - The state and the environment BT - environmental policy and performance in 37 countries 1970–2010 JF - Politics & policy N2 - The limitations and possibilities of the state in solving societal problems are perennial issues in the political and policy sciences and increasingly so in studies of environmental politics. With the aim of better understanding the role of the state in addressing environmental degradation through policy making, this article investigates the nexus between the environmental policy outputs and the environmental performance. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives on the state and market nexus in the environmental dilemma, we identify five distinct pathways. We then examine the extent to which these pathways are manifested in the real world. Our empirical investigation covers up to 37 countries for the period 1970–2010. While we see no global pattern of linkages between policy outputs and performance, our exploratory analysis finds evidence of policy effects, which suggest that the state can, under certain circumstances, improve the environment through policy making. KW - comparative environmental politics KW - ecological modernization KW - environmental degradation KW - environmental policy effects KW - environmental policy performance KW - national ecological footprint KW - policy output KW - regulation KW - state KW - treadmill of production KW - política ambiental comparada KW - modernización ecológica KW - huella ecológica KW - regulación estatal Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12561 SN - 1555-5623 SN - 1747-1346 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 1046 EP - 1068 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Tallberg, Jonas A1 - Bäckstrand, Karin A1 - Aart Scholte, Jan A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - SNS Democracy Council 2023 BT - global governance: fit for purpose? N2 - Transboundary problems such as climate change, military conflicts, trade barriers, and refugee flows require increased collaboration across borders. This is to a large extent possible using existing international organizations. In such a case, however, they need to be considerably strengthened – while current trends take us in the opposite direction, according to the researchers in the SNS Democracy Council 2023. KW - democracy KW - globalization KW - international trade Y1 - 2023 UR - https://snsse.cdn.triggerfish.cloud/uploads/2023/04/sns-democracy-council-2023-global-governance--fit-for-purpose.pdf SN - 978-91-89754-06-5 PB - SNS Förlag CY - Stockholm ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Rezension zu: May, Michael ; Partetzke, Marc: Einführung in die Politikdidaktik. Band 1: Geschichte, Essentials, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsfelder. - Frankfurt am Main: Wochenschau Verlag, 2023. - 223 S. - (utb; 6045). - ISBN: 978-3-8385-6045-8 JF - Polis N2 - Gelungene Orientierung für die fachliche Ausbildung. Man ist gespannt auf den zweiten Band. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dvpb.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/POLIS_23_3_web-1.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/2243.2834 SN - 1611-373X SN - 2749-4861 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 32 EP - 32 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - BOOK ED - Malthaner, Stefan ED - Teune, Simon ED - Ullrich, Peter T1 - Eskalation BT - Dynamiken der Gewalt im Kontext der G20-Proteste in Hamburg 2017 N2 - Die Ereignisse um den G20-Gipfel im Juli 2017 haben viele Menschen schockiert und die Hamburger Stadtgesellschaft gespalten. Sie stehen in starkem Kontrast zu dem Sicherheitsversprechen, das der Senat im Vorfeld abgegeben hat, ebenso wie zu der Ankündigung, der Gipfel werde ein „Festival der Demokratie“. Dass ein Gipfelprotest in Unruhen mit breiter Beteiligung überging aber auch das teils gewaltsame polizeiliche Vorgehen gegen Protestierende ist erklärungsbedürftig. In der anhaltenden Diskussion über die Hintergründe der Auseinandersetzungen werden zumeist entweder die Polizei oder „gewaltbereite Gruppen“ für das Ausmaß der Gewalt verantwortlich gemacht. Letzteres lässt sich jedoch nur bedingt aus Motiven und vorgefassten Plänen bestimmter Akteure ableiten. Ein großer Teil der Gewalt entsteht – dies gerät allzu oft aus dem Blick – maßgeblich in Prozessen der Eskalation, in denen die Handlungen der verschiedenen Beteiligten miteinander verflochten sind, insofern sie auf Grundlage ihrer Deutung vorangegangener Erfahrungen und ihrer Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers aufeinander reagieren. Situationen der Gewalt haben zudem ihre eigene, in manchen Fällen kaum steuerbare, Dynamik. Der Bericht rekonstruiert, wie und warum die Gewalt in Hamburg in dieser Form eskalierte. Er enthält sich weitgehend einer moralischen Einordnung. Er beleuchtet konkrete Situationen des Aufeinandertreffens der Konfliktparteien und bettet sie in einen größeren Kontext ein, unter anderem in Hinblick auf die Konstitution der beteiligten Gruppen und in Hinblick auf die mediale Deutung des Geschehens. Der Bericht fasst die ersten Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes zusammen, an dem über acht Monate mehr als 20 Gewalt-, Protest- und Polizeiforscher*innen mitgewirkt haben. Er beruht auf einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Quellen: Interviews mit Beteiligten, Dokumente, Filmaufnahmen und Fotografien, die Kommunikation auf Twitter und die Berichterstattung in ausgewählten Tageszeitungen, Beobachtungsprotokolle aus der Protestwoche und danach. Die Analyse gliedert sich in drei Teile. (1) Die Ausgangskonstellation, in der sich die unmittelbar Beteiligten, Polizei und Protestierende, auf die Protestwoche einstellen und prägende Grundkonflikte sichtbar werden. (2) Schlüsselsituationen, in denen Konflikte ausgetragen werden und die Muster der Eskalation im Kleinen sichtbar machen. (3) Die mediale Deutung und Formung der Ereignisse, über die der Fokus auf „Gewalt“ verstärkt und die jeweils eigene Wahrnehmung bestätigt wird. Für die Analyse der Entstehung von Gewalt ist der Fall ein eindrückliches Beispiel für die Verkettung von Ereignissen ebenso wie für die Eigendynamik situativer Konfrontationen. Dies bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass die Planungen, Erwartungen und Entscheidungen der Handelnden keine Rolle spielen würden. Die Dynamik des Geschehens verwirklicht sich, im Gegenteil, gerade darin, dass die Beteiligten in der Verflechtung ihrer Handlungen ihre Kalkulationen verändern und Situationsdeutungen entwickeln, welche Gewalt möglich oder notwendig erscheinen lassen KW - G20 KW - Group of Twenty KW - Protestforschung KW - Protest Policing KW - Gipfelproteste KW - prozessuale Erklärung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-7331 PB - Technische Universität Berlin CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cockshott, William Paul A1 - Cottrell, Allin A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp T1 - Economic planning in an age of climate crisis N2 - Faced with an accelerating climate crisis caused by burning fossil fuels we have to change the way the economy works. We can no longer go on with a system that just maximises private profit without consideration for its effects. Instead we have to conciously plan how to change to a fossil fuel free society. The need is urgent. The transformation will be vast. Nothing similar has been done in the West since the days of wartime mobilisation. This book explains the basic science of climate change before looking at the transformations needed to our energy and basic industries. It looks at the previous successful history of deliberate planning practiced in the UK from 1939 to the 1960s and how, using modern computing techniques it will be possible to organise resources so as to effect the change. Y1 - 2022 SN - 979-8-36012-556-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreke, Claudia A1 - Hungerland, Beatrice A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - Einleitung BT - Kindheitsmuster und die Erfahrung gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche JF - Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-5831-4 SN - 978-3-7799-6508-4 SP - 9 EP - 40 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreke, Claudia A1 - Hungerland, Beatrice A1 - Stölting, Erhard T1 - Ausblick BT - Anregungen für die kindheitsbezogene Forschung zur Corona-Krise unter Umbruchsperspektiven JF - Kindheit in gesellschaftlichen Umbrüchen Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6508-4 SN - 978-3-7799-5831-4 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kazepov, Yuri A1 - Verwiebe, Roland T1 - Is Vienna still a just city? BT - the challenges of transitions JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Ahn, Byeongsun T1 - Professionalisation, polarisation or both? BT - economic restructuring and new divisions of labour JF - Vienna Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-367-68011-4 SN - 978-1-003-13382-7 SN - 978-0-367-68013-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133827-10 SP - 99 EP - 114 PB - Routledge CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paasch, Jana T1 - Revisiting policy preferences and capacities in the EU BT - Multi-level policy implementation in the subnational authorities JF - Journal of common market studies : JCMS N2 - Research on multi-level implementation of EU legislation has almost exclusively focused on the national level, while little is known about the role of subnational authorities. Nevertheless, it is a prerequisite for the functioning of the European Union that all member states and their subnational authorities apply and enforce EU legislation in due time. I address this research gap and take a closer look at the legal transposition process in the German regional states. Using a novel data set comprising detailed information on about 700 subnational measures, I show that state-level variables, such as political preferences and ministerial resources, account for variation in the timing of legal transposition and repeatedly lead to subnational delay. To conclude, the paper addresses the role of subnational authorities in the EU multi-level system and points to their interest in shaping legal transposition in order to counterbalance their loss of competences to the national level. KW - European Union KW - transposition KW - EU directives KW - implementation measures KW - subnational authorities Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13286 SN - 0021-9886 SN - 1468-5965 VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 783 EP - 800 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Kabaali, Daphne T1 - Die Rolle von Street-Level Bureaucrats bei der Erbringung von öffentlichen Leistungen – eine empirische Untersuchung T1 - The role of street-level bureaucrats in the delivery of public services - an empirical study N2 - Die Transformation der öffentlichen Verantwortung im Bereich der sozialen Wohlfahrt führte in den letzten Jahren zu einem gestiegenen Forschungsinteresse an Mitarbeiten-den, die sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen öffentlicher Verwaltung und direktem Kontakt zu Klient*innen befinden. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht am Beispiel der Schulsozialarbeit an Potsdamer Grundschulen der Frage nach, inwieweit Vertrauen in Klient*innen die Nutzung von Ermessensspielräumen durch Schulsozialarbeiter*innen beeinflusst. Das Street-Level Bureaucracy Framework nach Michael Lipsky spannt dabei den theoretischen Rahmen, während qualitative Interviews mit Schulsozialarbei-ter*innen die Basis für die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage darstellen. Die Ergebnis-se zeigen, dass ein geringeres Maß an Vertrauen in Klient*innen dafür sorgt, dass Schulsozialarbeiter*innen durch Bewältigungsstrategien wie der Rationierung von Res-sourcen und dem gedanklichen Rückzug von Klient*innen versuchen, ihre Arbeitslast zu verringern. Ein höheres Maß an Vertrauen in Klient*innen sorgt hingegen dafür, dass sie ihre Ermessensspielräume zu Gunsten dieser Klient*innen nutzen, zum Beispiel durch das Umgehen von Datenschutzregeln zur effektiveren Fallbearbeitung. N2 - In recent years, the transformation of public accountability in the field of social welfare has led to an increased research interest in employees who, as decision-makers about the allocation of services, find themselves at the interface between public administration and direct contact with clients. Using the example of school social work at Potsdam's elementary schools, this paper examines the extent to which trust in clients influences the use of discretionary powers by school social workers. The street-level bureaucracy framework according to Michael Lipsky provides the theoretical framework, while qualita-tive interviews with school social workers form the basis for answering the research question. The results show that a lower level of trust in clients ensures that school social workers attempt to reduce their workload through coping strategies such as rationing resources and mentally withdrawing from clients. A higher level of trust in clients, on the other hand, ensures that they use their discretionary powers in favor of these clients, for example by circumventing data protection rules for a more effective case processing. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 32 KW - Street-level bureaucrats KW - Vertrauen KW - öffentliche Leistungen KW - Ermessen KW - street-Level bureaucrats KW - trust KW - public services KW - discretion Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563555 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.841775 SN - 2297-7775 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Khalil, Samir A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Tjaden, Jasper Dag T1 - Is There a Rural Penalty in Language Acquisition? Evidence From Germany's Refugee Allocation Policy T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Emerging evidence has highlighted the important role of local contexts for integration trajectories of asylum seekers and refugees. Germany's policy of randomly allocating asylum seekers across Germany may advantage some and disadvantage others in terms of opportunities for equal participation in society. This study explores the question whether asylum seekers that have been allocated to rural areas experience disadvantages in terms of language acquisition compared to those allocated to urban areas. We derive testable assumptions using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) which are then tested using large-N survey data (IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey). We find that living in a rural area has no negative total effect on language skills. Further the findings suggest that the “null effect” is the result of two processes which offset each other: while asylum seekers in rural areas have slightly lower access for formal, federally organized language courses, they have more regular exposure to German speakers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 151 KW - refugees KW - allocation policies KW - rural KW - language acquisition KW - intergroup contacts KW - language courses KW - integration Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566264 SN - 1867-5808 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Danielsen, Ole Andreas A1 - Fleischer, Julia T1 - The effects of political design and organizational dynamics on structural disaggregation and integration in Norway 1947-2019 JF - Governance : an international journal of policy and administration N2 - In countries with long-standing agency traditions, the creation of new agencies rarely comes as a large-scale reform but rather as one structural choice of many possible, most notably a ministerial division. In order to make sense of these choices, the article discusses the role of political design-focusing on the role of political motivations, such as ideological turnover, replacement risks and ideological stands toward administrative efficiency-and organizational dynamics-focusing on the role of administrative legacies and existing organizational palettes. The article utilizes data on organizational creations in the Norwegian central state between 1947 and 2019, in order to explore how political design and organizational dynamics help us understand the creation of agencies relative to ministry divisions over time. We find that political motives matter a great deal for the structural choices made by consecutive Norwegian governments, but that structural path dependencies may also be at play. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12669 SN - 1468-0491 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 299 EP - 320 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munnes, Stefan A1 - Harsch, Corinna A1 - Knobloch, Marcel A1 - Vogel, Johannes S. A1 - Hipp, Lena A1 - Schilling, Erik T1 - Examining Sentiment in Complex Texts. A Comparison of Different Computational Approaches JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Can we rely on computational methods to accurately analyze complex texts? To answer this question, we compared different dictionary and scaling methods used in predicting the sentiment of German literature reviews to the "gold standard " of human-coded sentiments. Literature reviews constitute a challenging text corpus for computational analysis as they not only contain different text levels-for example, a summary of the work and the reviewer's appraisal-but are also characterized by subtle and ambiguous language elements. To take the nuanced sentiments of literature reviews into account, we worked with a metric rather than a dichotomous scale for sentiment analysis. The results of our analyses show that the predicted sentiments of prefabricated dictionaries, which are computationally efficient and require minimal adaption, have a low to medium correlation with the human-coded sentiments (r between 0.32 and 0.39). The accuracy of self-created dictionaries using word embeddings (both pre-trained and self-trained) was considerably lower (r between 0.10 and 0.28). Given the high coding intensity and contingency on seed selection as well as the degree of data pre-processing of word embeddings that we found with our data, we would not recommend them for complex texts without further adaptation. While fully automated approaches appear not to work in accurately predicting text sentiments with complex texts such as ours, we found relatively high correlations with a semiautomated approach (r of around 0.6)-which, however, requires intensive human coding efforts for the training dataset. In addition to illustrating the benefits and limits of computational approaches in analyzing complex text corpora and the potential of metric rather than binary scales of text sentiment, we also provide a practical guide for researchers to select an appropriate method and degree of pre-processing when working with complex texts. KW - sentiment analysis KW - German literature KW - dictionary KW - word embeddings KW - automated text analysis KW - computer-assisted text analysis KW - scaling method Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.886362 SN - 2624-909X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Patt, Anthony A1 - Bersalli, Germán T1 - On the quality of emission reductions BT - observed effects of carbon pricing on investments, innovation, and operational shifts. A response to van den Bergh and Savin (2021) JF - Environmental and Resource Economics N2 - To meet the Paris Agreement targets, carbon emissions from the energy system must be eliminated by mid-century, implying vast investment and systemic change challenges ahead. In an article in WIREs Climate Change, we reviewed the empirical evidence for effects of carbon pricing systems on technological change towards full decarbonisation, finding weak or no effects. In response, van den Bergh and Savin (2021) criticised our review in an article in this journal, claiming that it is "unfair", incomplete and flawed in various ways. Here, we respond to this critique by elaborating on the conceptual roots of our argumentation based on the importance of short-term emission reductions and longer-term technological change, and by expanding the review. This verifies our original findings: existing carbon pricing schemes have sometimes reduced emissions, mainly through switching to lower-carbon fossil fuels and efficiency increases, and have triggered weak innovation increases. There is no evidence that carbon pricing systems have triggered zero-carbon investments, and scarce but consistent evidence that they have not. Our findings highlight the importance of adapting and improving climate policy assessment metrics beyond short-term emissions by also assessing the quality of emission reductions and the progress of underlying technological change. KW - Carbon pricing KW - Climate policy KW - Decarbonisation KW - Technological change KW - Energy transition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-022-00708-8 SN - 0924-6460 SN - 1573-1502 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 733 EP - 758 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Nguyen, Huyen Evelyn T1 - Agilität und Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung T1 - Agility and leader-member-exchange in public administration N2 - Zunehmend komplexe Herausforderungen und Aufgaben lassen sich nicht mehr mit den bisherigen Strukturen, Methoden und Prozessen der klassischen Verwaltung bewältigen. Vielmehr gewinnen Ansätze und Methoden des New Work im öffentlichen Sektor angesichts der sich stetig ändernden und dynamischen Arbeitswelt eine immer größere Bedeutung. Umso mehr besteht die Notwendigkeit, sich in der Verwaltung agil aufzustellen. Unter Agilität wird hierbei die Fähigkeit einer Organisation verstanden, sich schnell verändernden Rahmenbedingungen flexibel und dynamisch anzupassen. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht der Einfluss von Agilität auf die Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung. Mittels einer halbstandardisierten Online-Befragung im Landesamt für Flüchtlingsangelegenheiten und im Bezirksamt Neukölln von Berlin wird zunächst der vorliegende Agilitätsgrad mit dem Fokus auf agile Organisationsstrukturen, agile Organisationskultur und agile Führung ermittelt und sodann anhand der Qualität der dyadischen Arbeitsbeziehung von Führungskraft und Mitarbeiter (LMX-Qualität) überprüft, inwiefern die agile Arbeitsweise im Vergleich zu einer nicht-agilen Arbeitsumgebung die Beziehung beeinflusst. Im Ergebnis der Untersuchung zeigt sich, dass ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und der Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung besteht. Es stellt sich in beiden Ämtern ein mäßig bis starker Agilitätsgrad heraus, wobei besonders agile Führungseigenschaften zu den wesentlichen Faktoren zählen, die eine hochqualitative Beziehung begünstigen. Während im Bezirksamt ein Zusammenhang zwischen Agilität und hoher LMX-Qualität ermittelt wurde, konnte dieser nicht für die untersuchte Stichprobe des Landesamts festgestellt werden. Dennoch ließ sich in beiden Behörden ein positiver Einfluss von Agilität auf zumindest die Entwicklung einer erfolgreichen Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung erfassen. N2 - Continuous complex challenges and tasks are no longer solvable with the classic structures and methods of public administration. Rather concepts of New Work are gaining importance due to the dynamic work environment in the public sector. This leads to the necessity of an agile transformation in public administration. Agility in organizations is understood to be the ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions in the work environment. The following paper focuses on the influence of agility on the Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX). Using a semi-standard online poll, the degree of agility with an emphasis on agile organizational structures, agile organizational culture, and agile leadership is analyzed in the State Office for Refugees Affairs and District Office Neukölln of Berlin. Furthermore, relationships between leaders and subordinates in an agile environment and relationships in a non-agile environment are compared through the lens of the quality of Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX-Quality). The results show a significant influence of agility on Leader-Member-Exchange. In both Offices a moderate to high degree of agility is found. Particularly, agile leadership characteristics encourage high-quality relationships. Whereas a correlation between agility and high LMX-Quality is identified in the District Office Neukölln, this result could not be observed in the State Office of Refugees Affairs. However, the influence of agility on at least the development of a positive and successful relationship is established in both Offices. T3 - Schriftenreihe für Public und Nonprofit Management - 31 KW - Agilität KW - Führungskräfte-Mitarbeiter-Beziehung KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung KW - Leader-Member-Exchange KW - Agile Leadership KW - Public Administration KW - Agility KW - LMX-Theorie KW - Agile Führung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565831 SN - 2190-4561 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - „…die im Dunkeln sieht man nicht“ BT - zur Mensch-Tier-Beziehung in der politischen Bildung T2 - Standortbestimmung Politische Bildung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7344-1352-0 SN - 978-3-7344-1353-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/1900 SP - 163 EP - 175 PB - Wochenschau Wissenschaft CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Narrationen in der fächerübergreifenden politischen Bildung N2 - In welchem Verhältnis stehen Literatur und das Politische? Fördert narrative politische Bildung Ambiguitätstoleranz und Mehrstimmigkeit? Der Beitrag diskutiert aktuelle didaktische Theorien und Beispiele. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.bpb.de/lernen/kulturelle-bildung/505903/narrationen-in-der-faecheruebergreifenden-politischen-bildung/ PB - bbp, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ganghof, Steffen ED - Tausendpfund, Markus T1 - Typen von Forschungsdesigns T2 - Forschungsstrategien in den Sozialwissenschaften N2 - Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsdesigns umfassen alle wesentlichen Entscheidungen, die im Forschungsprozess getroffen werden müssen. Der Beitrag unterscheidet drei rundlegende Typen von Forschungsdesigns: x-zentriert, y-zentriert und kontrastiv. Das x-zentrierte Design versucht einen theoretisch spezifizierten kausalen Effekt zu identifizieren und dessen Größe möglichst genau und ohne Verzerrungen zu schätzen. Das y-zentrierte Design versucht mehrere komplementäre Theorien über kausale Effekte so zu kombinieren, dass bestimmte Phänomene möglichst gut erklärt werden. Das kontrastive Design vergleicht die Erklärungskraft von zwei oder mehr konkurrierenden Theorien. Die Unterscheidung der drei Typen ist für qualitative Fallstudien ebenso relevant wie für Experimente oder statistische Studien mit Beobachtungsdaten. Der Beitrag grenzt die drei Typen voneinander ab, erklärt ihre jeweiligen Annahmen und diskutiert ihre Vor- und Nachteile sowie die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ihrer Kombination. Daneben diskutiert er den Unterschied zwischen Modellen und Theorien sowie die Bedeutung des Sparsamkeitsprinzips bei der Entwicklung und Bewertung wissenschaftlicher Theorien und Erklärungen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-36971-2 SN - 978-3-658-36972-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36972-9_11 SP - 257 EP - 286 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuttnauer, Or A1 - Wegmann, Simone T1 - Voting for Votes BT - opposition parties' legislative activity and electoral outcomes JF - American political science review N2 - Scholars frequently expect parties to act strategically in parliament, hoping to affect their electoral fortunes. Voters assumingly assess parties by their activity and vote accordingly. However, the retrospective voting literature looks mostly at the government's outcomes, leaving the opposition understudied. We argue that, for opposition parties, legislative voting constitutes an effective vote-seeking activity as a signaling tool of their attitude toward the government. We suggest that conflictual voting behavior affects voters through two mechanisms: as a signal of opposition valence and as means of ideological differentiation from the government. We present both aggregate- and individual-level analyses, leveraging a dataset of 169 party observations from 10 democracies and linking it to the CSES survey data of 27,371 respondents. The findings provide support for the existence of both mechanisms. Parliamentary conflict on legislative votes has a general positive effect on opposition parties' electoral performance, conditional on systemic and party-specific factors. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000338 SN - 0003-0554 SN - 1537-5943 VL - 116 IS - 4 SP - 1357 EP - 1374 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorupec, Natalia A1 - Brehmer, Nataliia A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Kraus, Sascha T1 - Tackling uncertain future scenarios with real options BT - a review and research framework JF - The Irish journal of management : incorporating IBAR N2 - Real options are widely applied in strategic and operational decision-making, allowing for managerial flexibility in uncertain contexts. Increased scholarly interest has led to an extensive but fragmented research landscape. We aim to measure and systematize the research field quantitatively. To achieve this goal, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and bibliographic coupling analyses with an in-depth content review. The results of the performance analyses show an increasing interest in real options since the beginning of the 2000s and identity the most influential journals and authors. The science mappings reveal six and seven research clusters over the last two decades. Based on an in-depth analysis of their themes, we develop a research framework comprising antecedents, application areas, internal and external contingencies, and uncertainty resolution through real option valuation or reasoning. We identify several gaps in that framework, which we propose to tackle in future research. KW - Bibliometric analysis KW - decision processes KW - real options KW - research KW - framework Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2022-0003 SN - 1649-248X SN - 2451-2834 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 88 PB - Orpen Press CY - Dublin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fruhstorfer, Anna A1 - Hudson, Alexander T1 - Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits BT - should I stay or should I go? JF - Democratization N2 - As presidents approach the end of their constitutionally defined term in office, they face a number of difficulties, most importantly the deprivation of sources of power, personal enrichment, and protection from prosecution. This leads many of them to attempt to circumvent their term limits. Recent studies explain both the reasons for the extension or full abolition of term limits, and failed attempts to do so. Key explanations include electoral competition and the post-term fate of previous post holders. What we do not know yet is how compliance with term limits may be tied to the current president's expectations for their post-term fate. In particular, we do not know whether leaders who attempt to remove term limits and fail to do so jeopardize their post-term career as a result, and conversely, whether leaders who comply will have better outcomes in terms of security, prestige, and economic gain. Hence, we ask how the decision of a leader to comply or not comply with term limits is conditioned by the expectation of their post-term fate. To address this question, this article introduces new data on the career trajectories of term-limited presidents and its systematic effect on term limit compliance. KW - Presidents KW - head of state KW - term limits KW - executives KW - corruption KW - prestige KW - institutional change KW - constitutions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1960314 SN - 1351-0347 SN - 1743-890X VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 112 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - James, Oliver A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal T1 - The politics of government reorganization in Western Europe JF - Governance : an international journal of policy and administration and institutions N2 - The reorganization of governments is crucial for parties to express their policy preferences once they reach office. Yet these activities are not confined to the direct aftermath of general elections or to wide-ranging structural reforms. Instead, governments reorganize and adjust their machinery of government all the time. This paper aims to assess these structural choices with a particular focus at the core of the state, comparing four Western European democracies (Germany, France, the Netherlands, and United Kingdom) from 1980 to 2013. Our empirical analysis shows that stronger shifts in cabinets' ideological profiles in the short- and long-term as well as the units' proximity to political executives yield significant effects. In contrast, Conservative governments, commonly regarded as key promoters of reorganizing governments, are not significant for the likelihood of structural change. We discuss the effects of this politics of government reorganization for different research debates assessing the inner workings of governments. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12670 SN - 0952-1895 SN - 1468-0491 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 255 EP - 274 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Fleischer, Julia T1 - What's in a name? The politics of name changes inside bureaucracy JF - Public administration N2 - In this article, we examine the effects of political change on name changes of units within central government ministries. We expect that changes regarding the policy position of a government will cause changes in the names of ministerial units. To this end we formulate hypotheses combining the politics of structural choice and theories of portfolio allocation to examine the effects of political changes at the cabinet level on the names of intra-ministerial units. We constructed a dataset containing more than 17,000 observations on name changes of ministerial units between 1980 and 2013 from the central governments of Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We regress a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with population averaging models for binary outcomes. Finding variations across the three political-bureaucratic systems, we overall report positive effects of governmental change and ideological positions on name changes within ministries. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12827 SN - 0033-3298 SN - 1467-9299 VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 1091 EP - 1106 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Rezension zu: Massing, Peter: Politische Bildung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Grundlagen - Kontroversen - Perspektiven. - Frankfurt am Main : Wochenschau Verlag, 2021. - 141 S. - ISBN: 978-3-8252-5720-0 JF - Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Gesellschaftswissenschaften Y1 - 2022 SN - 2191-0766 SN - 2749-487X VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 146 EP - 148 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Sommerer, Thomas A1 - Agné, Hans A1 - Zelli, Fariborz A1 - Bes, Bart Joachim T1 - Global Legitimacy Crises BT - decline and revival in multilateral governance N2 - Global Legitimacy Crises addresses the consequences of legitimacy in global governance, in particular asking: when and how do legitimacy crises affect international organizations and their capacity to rule. The book starts with a new conceptualization of legitimacy crisis that looks at public challenges from a variety of actors. Based on this conceptualization, it applies a mixed-methods approach to identify and examine legitimacy crises, starting with a quantitative analysis of mass media data on challenges of a sample of 32 IOs. It shows that some, but not all organizations have experienced legitimacy crises, spread over several decades from 1985 to 2020. Following this, the book presents a qualitative study to further examine legitimacy crises of two selected case studies: the WTO and the UNFCCC. Whereas earlier research assumed that legitimacy crises have negative consequences, the book introduces a theoretical framework that privileges the activation inherent in a legitimacy crisis. It holds that this activation may not only harm an IO, but could also strengthen it, in terms of its material, institutional, and decision-making capacity. The following statistical analysis shows that whether a crisis has predominantly negative or positive effects depends on a variety of factors. These include the specific audience whose challenges define a certain crisis, and several institutional properties of the targeted organization. The ensuing in-depth analysis of the WTO and the UNFCCC further reveals how legitimacy crises and both positive and negative consequences are interlinked, and that effects of crises are sometimes even visible beyond the organizational borders. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-19-194674-5 SN - 978-0-19-285632-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856326.001.0001 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juchler, Ingo T1 - Mit narrativen Medien lernen BT - Biografie, Belletristik, Musik, Spielfilm JF - Handbuch politische Bildung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7344-1362-9 SN - 978-3-7344-1363-6 SN - 978-3-7344-1380-3 SN - 1435-7526 SN - 2749-6473 SP - 476 EP - 483 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ET - 5., vollständig überarbeitete ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Einleitung zu Serene Khaders "Decolonizing universalism: transnational feminist ethic" BT - eine kritische Auseinandersetzung JF - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie N2 - Serene Khader ist eine der wenigen feministischen Philosoph:innen in der anglosächsischen Philosophie, die sich gezielt mit globaler Ungerechtigkeit und Imperialismus aus Sicht jener Frauen beschäftigen, die von kolonialer und kultureller Herrschaft betroffen sind. Hierbei entlarvt sie eindrucksvoll die oftmals westliche Prägung von Feminismus, Gleichstellungspolitik und Philosophie und verfolgt so das Ziel, die Autonomie und Entscheidungskraft aller Frauen anzuerkennen. So zielt Khader in Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die folgende Buchdiskussion begibt sich in eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Khaders interessanter wie wichtiger Theorie. Einleitend werden wir einen Überblick über Khaders Grundgedanken geben. Es schließen sich kritische Kommentare von Tamara Jugov, Mirjam Müller, Kerstin Reibold sowie Hilkje C. Hänel und Fabian Schuppert an, auf die Serene Khader abschließend antwortet. KW - Universalismus KW - Decoloniale Theorie KW - Feministische Philosophie KW - Anti-Imperialismus KW - Nicht-ideale Theorie KW - Serene Khader Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.12 SN - 2409-9961 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 305 EP - 314 PB - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung CY - Salzburg ER - TY - THES A1 - Taheri, Mana T1 - The impact of the socio-cultural context on Design Thinking education N2 - The demand for learning Design Thinking (DT) as a path towards acquiring 21st-century skills has increased globally in the last decade. Because DT education originated in the Silicon Valley context of the d.school at Stanford, it is important to evaluate how the teaching of the methodology adapts to different cultural contexts.The thesis explores the impact of the socio-cultural context on DT education. DT institutes in Cape Town, South Africa and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were visited to observe their programs and conduct 22 semistructured interviews with local educators regarding their adaption strategies. Grounded theory methodology was used to develop a model of Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Design Thinking Education that maps these strategies onto five dimensions: Planning, Process, People, Place, and Presentation. Based on this model, a list of recommendations is provided to help DT educators and practitioners in designing and delivering culturally inclusive DT education. N2 - Die Interesse an Design Thinking (DT) als Weg zum Erwerb modernen Kompetenzen erfuhr in den letzten 10 Jahre einen starken Anstieg.Wegen des von Silicon Valley geprägten Ursprungs von DT Lehre an der d.school in Stanford ist es wichtig, die Adaption des Unterrichts an andere kulturelle Kontexte zu evaluieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht eben diesen Einfluß des soziokulturellen Kontext auf Design Thinking Lehre. Dazu wurden DT Kurse an Instituten in Kapstadt, Südafrika und Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia begleitet und 22 semistrukturierte Interviews mit einheimischen Coaches zu Adaptionsstrategien geführt. Mit Hilfe von Grounded Theory wurde das Modell “Socio-Cultural Adaptions of Design Thinking” (Soziokulturelle Anpassungen von Design Thinking Lehre) entwickelt, welches diese Strategien anhand der folgenden fünf Dimensionen kategorisiert: Planung, Prozess, Personen, Raum und Präsentation. Basierend auf diesem Modell wurde eine Liste von Empfehlungen ausgearbeitet, welche Coaches bei dem Design und der Durchführung von kulturell einschließenden Design Thinking Kursen behilflich sein soll. KW - Design Thinking KW - Design Thinking education KW - cultural diversity KW - culturally responsive education KW - Design Thinking KW - Design Thinking Bildung KW - kulturelle Diversität KW - kultursensitive Bildung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-542599 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Duit, Andreas A1 - Lim, Sijeong A1 - Sommerer, Thomas ED - Baltz, Erik ED - Kosanke, Sven ED - Pickel, Susanne T1 - Umweltschutz zwischen Staat und Markt BT - Regulierung und Performanz in 37 Ländern 1970–2010 T2 - Parties, institutions and preferences N2 - In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen staatlicher Regulierung im Umweltschutz und der Umweltperformanz. Ausgehend von drei theoretischen Perspektiven, welche die Beziehung von Staat und Markt beim Umweltschutz unterschiedlich konzeptualisieren, identifizieren wir fünf Pfade, wie staatlicher Eingriff und Umweltperformanz miteinander verknüpft sein könnten. Wir untersuchen dann die empirische Relevanz dieser Pfade mit einer quantitativen Analyse, die 29 umweltpolitische Maßnahmen in für 37 Länder und den Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2010 umfasst. Dabei finden wir zumindest für einige Politikbereiche und einige Länder Hinweise, die auf eine Effektivität nationalstaatlicher Regulierung hinweisen. Zukünftige Forschung kann auf unserem Rahmen aufbauen, um weitere Hypothesen zum Policy-Outcome-Nexus zu generieren und zu testen. KW - Umweltpolitik KW - Umweltperformanz KW - Effektivität KW - Regulierung KW - Markt Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-35132-8 SN - 978-3-658-35133-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35133-5_12 SP - 299 EP - 329 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünning, Mareike A1 - Hipp, Lena T1 - How can we become more equal? BT - public policies and parents’ work–family preferences in Germany JF - Journal of European social policy N2 - This study examines how public policies affect parents' preferences for a more egalitarian division of paid and unpaid work. Based on the assumption that individuals develop their preferences within a specific policy context, we examine how changes in three policies affect mothers' and fathers' work-family preferences: the availability of high-quality, affordable childcare; the right to return to a full-time job after having reduced hours to part-time and an increase in the number of 'partner months' in parental leave schemes. Analysing a unique probability sample of parents with young children in Germany from 2015 (N = 1756), we find that fathers would want to work slightly fewer hours if they had the right to return to a full-time position after working part-time, and mothers would want to work slightly more hours if childcare opportunities were improved. Full-time working parents, moreover, are found to prefer fewer hours independent of the policy setting, while non-employed parents would like to work at least some hours. Last but not least, our analyses show that increasing the number of partner months in the parental leave scheme considerably increases fathers' preferences for longer and mothers' preferences for shorter leave. Increasing the number of partner months in parental schemes hence has the greatest potential to increase gender equality. KW - work-family policies KW - parental leave KW - childcare KW - working time KW - regulations KW - parenthood KW - working hours KW - gender equality KW - preferences KW - capabilities framework Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09589287211035701 SN - 0958-9287 SN - 1461-7269 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 152 KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566287 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.908636 SN - 2624-909X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Rezension zu: Milewicz, Karolina M.: Constitutionalizing world politics : the logic of democratic power and the unintended consequences of international treaty making. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. - 354 S. - ISBN: 978-1-108-83509-1 JF - Politische Vierteljahresschrift : PVS : German political science quarterly Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-021-00333-y SN - 0032-3470 SN - 1862-2860 VL - 62 IS - 3 SP - 575 EP - 577 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Reiners, Nina T1 - Connecting international relations and public administration BT - toward a joint research agenda for the study of international bureaucracy JF - International studies review N2 - The recent debate on administrative bodies in international organizations has brought forward multiple theoretical perspectives, analytical frameworks, and methodological approaches. Despite these efforts to advance knowledge on these actors, the research program on international public administrations (IPAs) has missed out on two important opportunities: reflection on scholarship in international relations (IR) and public administration and synergies between these disciplinary perspectives. Against this backdrop, the essay is a discussion of the literature on IPAs in IR and public administration. We found influence, authority, and autonomy of international bureaucracies have been widely addressed and helped to better understand the agency of such non-state actors in global policy-making. Less attention has been given to the crucial macro-level context of politics for administrative bodies, despite the importance in IR and public administration scholarship. We propose a focus on agency and politics as future avenues for a comprehensive, joint research agenda for international bureaucracies. N2 - El reciente debate sobre los organismos administrativos en las organizaciones internacionales ha generado diversas perspectivas teóricas, marcos analíticos y enfoques metodológicos. A pesar de estos esfuerzos por mejorar el conocimiento sobre estos actores, el programa de investigación sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales (International Public Administration, IPA) ha perdido dos oportunidades importantes: la reflexión sobre la erudición en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública y las sinergias entre estas perspectivas disciplinarias. Con este trasfondo, en el ensayo se analiza la literatura sobre las administraciones públicas internacionales en las relaciones internacionales y la administración pública. Descubrimos que la influencia, la autoridad y la autonomía de las burocracias internacionales se han abordado ampliamente y ayudaron a comprender mejor la función de dichos agentes no estatales en la formulación de políticas a nivel mundial. Se ha prestado menos atención al contexto clave a nivel macro de la política de los organismos administrativos, a pesar de su importancia en las relaciones internacionales y la erudición en la administración pública. Proponemos enfocarnos en la agencia y la política como futuras vías para implementar un programa de investigación conjunta y exhaustiva para las burocracias internacionales. N2 - Le récent débat sur les organes administratifs des organisations internationales a mis en avant plusieurs perspectives théoriques, cadres analytiques et approches méthodologiques. Malgré ces efforts pour faire progresser la connaissance de ces acteurs, le Programme de recherche sur les administrations publiques internationales a manqué deux opportunités majeures : une réflexion sur les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique ainsi que sur les synergies entre ces perspectives des disciplines. Cet essai s'appuie sur cette toile de fond pour établir une discussion au sujet de la littérature abordant les administrations publiques internationales dans les domaines des relations internationales et de l'administration publique. Nous avons constaté que l'influence, l'autorité et l'autonomie des bureaucraties internationales avaient été largement abordées, ce qui permettait de mieux comprendre le pouvoir de tels acteurs non-étatiques dans l’établissement des politiques internationales. Toutefois, malgré son importance dans les recherches en relations internationales et administration publique, une moins grande attention a été accordée au contexte macro des politiques des organes administratifs alors qu'il est crucial. Nous proposons de mettre l'accent sur le pouvoir et les politiques comme pistes futures pour un programme de recherche conjoint complet sur les bureaucraties internationales. KW - international bureaucracies KW - international organizations KW - public KW - administration KW - nonstate actors KW - palabras clave KW - burocracias internacionales KW - organizaciones internacionales KW - administración pública KW - agentes no estatales KW - mots clés KW - bureaucraties internationales KW - organisations internationales KW - administration publique KW - acteurs non-étatiques Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa097 SN - 1521-9488 SN - 1468-2486 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 1230 EP - 1247 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Measuring migration 2.0 BT - a review of digital data sources JF - Comparative migration studies : CMS N2 - The interest in human migration is at its all-time high, yet data to measure migration is notoriously limited. “Big data” or “digital trace data” have emerged as new sources of migration measurement complementing ‘traditional’ census, administrative and survey data. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of eight novel, digital data sources along five domains: reliability, validity, scope, access and ethics. The review highlights the opportunities for migration scholars but also stresses the ethical and empirical challenges. This review intends to be of service to researchers and policy analysts alike and help them navigate this new and increasingly complex field. KW - Migration KW - Big data KW - Digital trace KW - Measurement KW - Survey KW - Review Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00273-x SN - 2214-594X VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Measuring migration 2.0 BT - a review of digital data sources T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The interest in human migration is at its all-time high, yet data to measure migration is notoriously limited. “Big data” or “digital trace data” have emerged as new sources of migration measurement complementing ‘traditional’ census, administrative and survey data. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of eight novel, digital data sources along five domains: reliability, validity, scope, access and ethics. The review highlights the opportunities for migration scholars but also stresses the ethical and empirical challenges. This review intends to be of service to researchers and policy analysts alike and help them navigate this new and increasingly complex field. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 149 KW - Migration KW - Big data KW - Digital trace KW - Measurement KW - Survey KW - Review Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-553873 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 149 ER -