TY - JOUR A1 - Asche, Matthias T1 - Von der Provinz in die Metropole BT - die Kinder- und Jugendjahre der Königin Luise JF - Berliner Geschichte - Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur : Königin Luise N2 - Der Artikel beschäftigt sich dezidiert mit der Herkunft der Königin Luise und widmet sich neben dynastischen Verflechtungen auch ihren Kinder- und Jugendjahren. KW - Königin Luise KW - Queen Luise KW - Mecklenburg-Strelitz KW - Mecklenburg-Strelitz Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-96201-062-1 SN - 2364-3080 IS - 25 SP - 7 EP - 17 PB - Elsengold CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asche, Matthias A1 - Czech, Vinzenz A1 - Göse, Frank A1 - Neitmann, Klaus ED - Asche, Matthias ED - Czech, Vinzenz ED - Göse, Frank ED - Neitmann, Klaus T1 - Zur Einführung JF - Brandenburgische Erinnerungsorte – Erinnerungsorte in Brandenburg, Bd. 1 (= Einzelveröffentlichungen der Brandenburgischen Historischen Kommission e.V. 24) KW - Erinnerungsorte Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-95410-294-5 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - be.bra wissenschaft verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asche, Matthias A1 - Gerber, Stefan T1 - Universität JF - Historische Bildungsforschung. Konzepte - Methoden - Forschungsfelder KW - Universitätsgeschichte Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8252-5563-3 SN - 978-3-8385-5563-8 SP - 299 EP - 312 PB - Klinkhardt CY - Bad Heilbrunn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asche, Matthias A1 - Schindling, Anton T1 - Konfessionspolitik und Religionsfrieden BT - das Heilige Römische Reich, seine Territorien und Städte sowie die mittel- und ostmitteleuropäischen Nachbarstaaten JF - Vom ein- zum mehrkonfessionellen Landesstaat – die Religionsfrage in den brandenburgisch-preußischen Territorien vom 16. bis zum frühen 18. Jahrhundert (= Forschungen zur Brandenburgischen und Preußischen Geschichte. Neue Folge. Beihefte 16) KW - Religionsfrieden KW - Konfessionspolitik Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-428-18174-2 IS - 16 SP - 15 EP - 40 PB - Duncker & Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Astudillo-Sotomayor, Luis A1 - Jara Muñoz, Julius A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Cortés‐Aranda, Joaquín A1 - Tassara, Andrés A1 - Strecker, Manfred T1 - Fast Holocene slip and localized strain along the Liquiñe-Ofqui strike-slip fault system, Chile JF - Scientific reports N2 - In active tectonic settings dominated by strike-slip kinematics, slip partitioning across subparallel faults is a common feature; therefore, assessing the degree of partitioning and strain localization is paramount for seismic hazard assessments. Here, we estimate a slip rate of 18.8 +/- 2.0 mm/year over the past 9.0 +/- 0.1 ka for a single strand of the Liquirie-Ofqui Fault System, which straddles the Main Cordillera in Southern Chile. This Holocene rate accounts for similar to 82% of the trench-parallel component of oblique plate convergence and is similar to million-year estimates integrated over the entire fault system. Our results imply that strain localizes on a single fault at millennial time scale but over longer time scales strain localization is not sustained. The fast millennial slip rate in the absence of historical Mw> 6.5 earthquakes along the Liquine-Ofqui Fault System implies either a component of aseismic slip or Mw similar to 7 earthquakes involving multi-trace ruptures and > 150-year repeat times. Our results have implications for the understanding of strike-slip fault system dynamics within volcanic arcs and seismic hazard assessments. KW - Geodynamics KW - Geomorphology KW - Tectonics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85036-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auer, Cornelia A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - Carlsen, Henrik A1 - Kok, Kasper A1 - Pedde, Simona A1 - Krey, Volker A1 - Müller, Boris T1 - Climate change scenario services BT - from science to facilitating action JF - One earth N2 - The goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C as set out in the Paris Agreement calls for a strategic assessment of societal pathways and policy strategies. Besides policy makers, new powerful actors from the private sector, including finance, have stepped up to engage in forward-looking assessments of a Paris-compliant and climate-resilient future. Climate change scenarios have addressed this demand by providing scientific insights on the possible pathways ahead to limit warming in line with the Paris climate goal. Despite the increased interest, the potential of climate change scenarios has not been fully unleashed, mostly due to a lack of an intermediary service that provides guidance and access to climate change scenarios. This perspective presents the concept of a climate change scenario service, its components, and a prototypical implementation to overcome this shortcoming aiming to make scenarios accessible to a broader audience of societal actors and decision makers. KW - climate change scenarios KW - climate change scenario services KW - climate services KW - co-production KW - visualization KW - capacity building KW - mitigation scenarios KW - adaptation scenarios KW - impact projections Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.07.015 SN - 2590-3322 VL - 4 IS - 8 SP - 1074 EP - 1082 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde T1 - The authenticity of simulated patients in psychotherapy training and research T1 - Die Authentizität von Simulationspatienten in der Psychotherapieausbildung und -forschung N2 - Mental health problems are highly prevalent worldwide. Fortunately, psychotherapy has proven highly effective in the treatment of a number of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety disorders. In contrast, psychotherapy training as is practised currently cannot be considered evidence-based. Thus, there is much room for improvement. The integration of simulated patients (SPs) into psychotherapy training and research is on the rise. SPs originate from the medical education and have, in a number of studies, been demonstrated to contribute to effective learning environments. Nevertheless, there has been voiced criticism regarding the authenticity of SP portrayals, but few studies have examined this to date. Based on these considerations, this dissertation explores SPs’ authenticity while portraying a mental disorder, depression. Altogether, the present cumulative dissertation consists of three empirical papers. At the time of printing, Paper I and Paper III have been accepted for publication, and Paper II is under review after a minor revision. First, Paper I develops and validates an observer-based rating-scale to assess SP authenticity in psychotherapeutic contexts. Based on the preliminary findings, it can be concluded that the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations scale is a reliable and valid tool that can be used for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Second, Paper II tests whether student SPs are perceived as more authentic after they receive an in-depth role-script compared to those SPs who only receive basic information on the patient case. To test this assumption, a randomised controlled study design was implemented and the hypothesis could be confirmed. As a consequence, when engaging SPs, an in-depth role-script with details, e.g. on nonverbal behaviour and feelings of the patient, should be provided. Third, Paper III demonstrates that psychotherapy trainees cannot distinguish between trained SPs and real patients and therefore suggests that, with proper training, SPs are a promising training method for psychotherapy. Altogether, the dissertation shows that SPs can be trained to portray a depressive patient authentically and thus delivers promising evidence for the further dissemination of SPs. N2 - Psychotherapie gilt als hoch wirksame Behandlung von psychischen Störungen, wie Depressionen oder Angststörungen. Trotz verpflichtender Psychotherapieausbildung zur Befähigung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen gibt es wenig Evidenz, welche Methoden dem effektiven Training von angehenden Psychotherapeut*innen dienen. Eine Lösung besteht im Einsatz von Simulationspatient*innen (SPs) in der Psychotherapieausbildung sowie -forschung als nachweislich effektive Lehrmethode. Dabei werden jedoch SPs für ihren Mangel an Authentizität kritisiert, wobei ungenügend Studien diesen Aspekt direkt untersuchten. Daher war es Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation, die Authentizität von SPs, während sie eine psychische Störung (d.h. Depression) simulieren, zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation basiert auf drei empirischen Arbeiten. Zum Zeitpunkt der Einreichung der Dissertation wurden Paper I und Paper III nach erfolgreichem Peer-Review in Fachzeitschriften zur Veröffentlichung angenommen, Paper II befindet sich nach einer Minor Revision im Peer-Review. In Paper I wurde die Skala Authentizität von Patientendarstellungen zur Erfassung von Authentizität von SPs, die psychische Störungen darstellen, entwickelt und validiert. Die Ratingskala weist gute psychometrische Gütekriterien auf und ist für den Einsatz in Forschung und Praxis geeignet. In Paper II wurde mittels einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie demonstriert, dass die Ausarbeitung von Rollenanleitungen von SPs für deren Darstellung relevant ist: Studierende, die als SPs fungierten, wurden authentischer wahrgenommen, wenn sie eine detaillierte Rollenanleitung erhielten als jene SPs, die eine einfache Rollenanleitung erhielten. In Paper III konnte gezeigt werden, dass Psychotherapeut*innen in Ausbildung reale Patient*innen von trainierten SPs nicht unterscheiden konnten. Der Einsatz von SPs ist demzufolge eine vielversprechende Trainingsmethode der Psychotherapie. Insgesamt stellt die vorliegende Dissertation dar, dass SPs trainiert werden können, Patient*innen mit Depressionen authentisch darzustellen. Die Arbeit liefert erfolgsversprechende Ergebnisse für die weitere Dissemination von SPs im Ausbildungskontext der Psychotherapie. KW - Simulationspatienten KW - Ausbildungsforschung KW - Psychotherapieforschung KW - Authentizität KW - standardisierte Patienten KW - simulated patients KW - training research KW - psychotherapy research KW - authenticity KW - standardised patients Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-533735 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayanbayev, Birzhan A1 - Klebanov, Ilja A1 - Li, Han Cheng A1 - Sullivan, Tim J. T1 - Gamma-convergence of Onsager-Machlup functionals BT - I. With applications to maximum a posteriori estimation in Bayesian inverse problems JF - Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data N2 - The Bayesian solution to a statistical inverse problem can be summarised by a mode of the posterior distribution, i.e. a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. The MAP estimator essentially coincides with the (regularised) variational solution to the inverse problem, seen as minimisation of the Onsager-Machlup (OM) functional of the posterior measure. An open problem in the stability analysis of inverse problems is to establish a relationship between the convergence properties of solutions obtained by the variational approach and by the Bayesian approach. To address this problem, we propose a general convergence theory for modes that is based on the Gamma-convergence of OM functionals, and apply this theory to Bayesian inverse problems with Gaussian and edge-preserving Besov priors. Part II of this paper considers more general prior distributions. KW - Bayesian inverse problems KW - Gamma-convergence KW - maximum a posteriori KW - estimation KW - Onsager-Machlup functional KW - small ball probabilities; KW - transition path theory Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac3f81 SN - 0266-5611 SN - 1361-6420 VL - 38 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayanbayev, Birzhan A1 - Klebanov, Ilja A1 - Lie, Han Cheng A1 - Sullivan, Tim J. T1 - Gamma-convergence of Onsager-Machlup functionals BT - II. Infinite product measures on Banach spaces JF - Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data N2 - We derive Onsager-Machlup functionals for countable product measures on weighted l(p) subspaces of the sequence space R-N. Each measure in the product is a shifted and scaled copy of a reference probability measure on R that admits a sufficiently regular Lebesgue density. We study the equicoercivity and Gamma-convergence of sequences of Onsager-Machlup functionals associated to convergent sequences of measures within this class. We use these results to establish analogous results for probability measures on separable Banach or Hilbert spaces, including Gaussian, Cauchy, and Besov measures with summability parameter 1 <= p <= 2. Together with part I of this paper, this provides a basis for analysis of the convergence of maximum a posteriori estimators in Bayesian inverse problems and most likely paths in transition path theory. KW - Bayesian inverse problems KW - Gamma-convergence KW - maximum a posteriori KW - estimation KW - Onsager-Machlup functional KW - small ball probabilities KW - transition path theory Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac3f82 SN - 0266-5611 SN - 1361-6420 VL - 38 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - THES A1 - Ayzel, Georgy T1 - Advancing radar-based precipitation nowcasting T1 - Fortschritte bei der radarbasierten Niederschlagsvorhersage BT - an open benchmark and the potential of deep learning BT - ein offener Benchmark und das Potenzial von Deep Learning N2 - Precipitation forecasting has an important place in everyday life – during the day we may have tens of small talks discussing the likelihood that it will rain this evening or weekend. Should you take an umbrella for a walk? Or should you invite your friends for a barbecue? It will certainly depend on what your weather application shows. While for years people were guided by the precipitation forecasts issued for a particular region or city several times a day, the widespread availability of weather radars allowed us to obtain forecasts at much higher spatiotemporal resolution of minutes in time and hundreds of meters in space. Hence, radar-based precipitation nowcasting, that is, very-short-range forecasting (typically up to 1–3 h), has become an essential technique, also in various professional application contexts, e.g., early warning, sewage control, or agriculture. There are two major components comprising a system for precipitation nowcasting: radar-based precipitation estimates, and models to extrapolate that precipitation to the imminent future. While acknowledging the fundamental importance of radar-based precipitation retrieval for precipitation nowcasts, this thesis focuses only on the model development: the establishment of open and competitive benchmark models, the investigation of the potential of deep learning, and the development of procedures for nowcast errors diagnosis and isolation that can guide model development. The present landscape of computational models for precipitation nowcasting still struggles with the availability of open software implementations that could serve as benchmarks for measuring progress. Focusing on this gap, we have developed and extensively benchmarked a stack of models based on different optical flow algorithms for the tracking step and a set of parsimonious extrapolation procedures based on image warping and advection. We demonstrate that these models provide skillful predictions comparable with or even superior to state-of-the-art operational software. We distribute the corresponding set of models as a software library, rainymotion, which is written in the Python programming language and openly available at GitHub (https://github.com/hydrogo/rainymotion). That way, the library acts as a tool for providing fast, open, and transparent solutions that could serve as a benchmark for further model development and hypothesis testing. One of the promising directions for model development is to challenge the potential of deep learning – a subfield of machine learning that refers to artificial neural networks with deep architectures, which may consist of many computational layers. Deep learning showed promising results in many fields of computer science, such as image and speech recognition, or natural language processing, where it started to dramatically outperform reference methods. The high benefit of using "big data" for training is among the main reasons for that. Hence, the emerging interest in deep learning in atmospheric sciences is also caused and concerted with the increasing availability of data – both observational and model-based. The large archives of weather radar data provide a solid basis for investigation of deep learning potential in precipitation nowcasting: one year of national 5-min composites for Germany comprises around 85 billion data points. To this aim, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting. RainNet was trained to predict continuous precipitation intensities at a lead time of 5 min, using several years of quality-controlled weather radar composites provided by the German Weather Service (DWD). That data set covers Germany with a spatial domain of 900 km x 900 km and has a resolution of 1 km in space and 5 min in time. Independent verification experiments were carried out on 11 summer precipitation events from 2016 to 2017. In these experiments, RainNet was applied recursively in order to achieve lead times of up to 1 h. In the verification experiments, trivial Eulerian persistence and a conventional model based on optical flow served as benchmarks. The latter is available in the previously developed rainymotion library. RainNet significantly outperformed the benchmark models at all lead times up to 60 min for the routine verification metrics mean absolute error (MAE) and critical success index (CSI) at intensity thresholds of 0.125, 1, and 5 mm/h. However, rainymotion turned out to be superior in predicting the exceedance of higher intensity thresholds (here 10 and 15 mm/h). The limited ability of RainNet to predict high rainfall intensities is an undesirable property which we attribute to a high level of spatial smoothing introduced by the model. At a lead time of 5 min, an analysis of power spectral density confirmed a significant loss of spectral power at length scales of 16 km and below. Obviously, RainNet had learned an optimal level of smoothing to produce a nowcast at 5 min lead time. In that sense, the loss of spectral power at small scales is informative, too, as it reflects the limits of predictability as a function of spatial scale. Beyond the lead time of 5 min, however, the increasing level of smoothing is a mere artifact – an analogue to numerical diffusion – that is not a property of RainNet itself but of its recursive application. In the context of early warning, the smoothing is particularly unfavorable since pronounced features of intense precipitation tend to get lost over longer lead times. Hence, we propose several options to address this issue in prospective research on model development for precipitation nowcasting, including an adjustment of the loss function for model training, model training for longer lead times, and the prediction of threshold exceedance. The model development together with the verification experiments for both conventional and deep learning model predictions also revealed the need to better understand the source of forecast errors. Understanding the dominant sources of error in specific situations should help in guiding further model improvement. The total error of a precipitation nowcast consists of an error in the predicted location of a precipitation feature and an error in the change of precipitation intensity over lead time. So far, verification measures did not allow to isolate the location error, making it difficult to specifically improve nowcast models with regard to location prediction. To fill this gap, we introduced a framework to directly quantify the location error. To that end, we detect and track scale-invariant precipitation features (corners) in radar images. We then consider these observed tracks as the true reference in order to evaluate the performance (or, inversely, the error) of any model that aims to predict the future location of a precipitation feature. Hence, the location error of a forecast at any lead time ahead of the forecast time corresponds to the Euclidean distance between the observed and the predicted feature location at the corresponding lead time. Based on this framework, we carried out a benchmarking case study using one year worth of weather radar composites of the DWD. We evaluated the performance of four extrapolation models, two of which are based on the linear extrapolation of corner motion; and the remaining two are based on the Dense Inverse Search (DIS) method: motion vectors obtained from DIS are used to predict feature locations by linear and Semi-Lagrangian extrapolation. For all competing models, the mean location error exceeds a distance of 5 km after 60 min, and 10 km after 110 min. At least 25% of all forecasts exceed an error of 5 km after 50 min, and of 10 km after 90 min. Even for the best models in our experiment, at least 5 percent of the forecasts will have a location error of more than 10 km after 45 min. When we relate such errors to application scenarios that are typically suggested for precipitation nowcasting, e.g., early warning, it becomes obvious that location errors matter: the order of magnitude of these errors is about the same as the typical extent of a convective cell. Hence, the uncertainty of precipitation nowcasts at such length scales – just as a result of locational errors – can be substantial already at lead times of less than 1 h. Being able to quantify the location error should hence guide any model development that is targeted towards its minimization. To that aim, we also consider the high potential of using deep learning architectures specific to the assimilation of sequential (track) data. Last but not least, the thesis demonstrates the benefits of a general movement towards open science for model development in the field of precipitation nowcasting. All the presented models and frameworks are distributed as open repositories, thus enhancing transparency and reproducibility of the methodological approach. Furthermore, they are readily available to be used for further research studies, as well as for practical applications. N2 - Niederschlagsvorhersagen haben einen wichtigen Platz in unserem täglichen Leben. Und die breite Abdeckung mit Niederschlagsradaren ermöglicht es uns, den Niederschlag mit einer viel höheren räumlich-zeitlichen Auflösung vorherzusagen (Minuten in der Zeit, Hunderte von Metern im Raum). Solche radargestützten Niederschlagsvorhersagen mit sehr kurzem Vorhersagehorizont (1–3 Stunden) nennt man auch "Niederschlagsnowcasting." Sie sind in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen (z.B. in der Frühwarnung, der Stadtentwässerung sowie in der Landwirtschaft) zu einer wichtigen Technologie geworden. Eine erhebliche Schwierigkeit in Modellentwicklung zum Niederschlagsnowcastings ist jedoch die Verfügbarkeit offener Softwarewerkzeuge und Implementierungen, die als Benchmark für den Entwicklungsfortschritt auf diesem Gebiet dienen können. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, haben wir eine Gruppe von Modellen auf der Grundlage verschiedener Tracking- und Extrapolationsverfahren entwickelt und systematisch verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Vorhersagen dieser einen Skill haben, der sich mit dem Skill operationeller Vorhersagesysteme messen kann, teils sogar überlegen sind. Diese Benchmark-Modelle sind nun in Form der quelloffenen Software-Bibliothek rainymotion allgemein verfügbar (https://github.com/hydrogo/rainymotion). Eine der vielversprechenden Perspektiven für die weitere Modellentwicklung besteht in der Untersuchung des Potenzials von "Deep Learning" – einem Teilgebiet des maschinellen Lernens, das sich auf künstliche neuronale Netze mit sog. "tiefen Architekturen" bezieht, die aus einer Vielzahl von Schichten (computational layers) bestehen können. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde daher RainNet entwickelt: ein Tiefes Neuronales Netz für radargestütztes Niederschlags-Nowcasting. RainNet wurde zunächst zur Vorhersage der Niederschlagsintensität mit einem Vorhersagehorizont von fünf Minuten trainiert. Als Datengrundlage dazu dienten mehrere Jahre qualitätskontrollierter Radarkompositprodukte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD). RainNet übertraf die verfügbaren Benchmark-Modelle für Vorhersagezeiten bis zu 60 min in Bezug auf den Mittleren Absoluten Fehler (MAE) und den Critical Success Index (CSI) für Intensitätsschwellenwerte von 0.125, 1 und 5 mm/h. Allerdings erwies sich das das Benchmark-Modell aus dem Softwarepaket rainymotion bei der Vorhersage der Überschreitung höherer Intensitätsschwellen (10 und 15 mm/h) als überlegen. Die eingeschränkte Fähigkeit von RainNet zur Vorhersage hoher Niederschlagsintensitäten ist eine unerwünschte Eigenschaft, die wir auf ein hohes Maß an räumlicher Glättung durch das Modell zurückführen. Im Kontext der Frühwarnung ist die Glättung besonders ungünstig, da ausgeprägte Merkmale von Starkniederschlägen bei längeren Vorlaufzeiten tendenziell verloren gehen. In dieser Arbeit werden daher mehrere Optionen vorgeschlagen, um dieses Problem in der zukünftigen Forschung zur Modellentwicklung anzugehen. Ein weiterer Beitrag dieser Arbeit liegt in der Quantifizierung einer spezifischen Fehlerquelle von Niederschlagsnowcasts. Der Gesamtfehler eines Nowcasts besteht aus einem Fehler in der vorhergesagten Lage eines Niederschlagsfeatures (Ortsfehler) sowie einem Fehler in der Änderung der Intensität eines Features über die Vorhersagezeit (Intensitätsfehler). Herkömmliche Verifikationsmaße waren bislang nicht in der Lage, das Ausmaß des Ortsfehlers zu isolieren. Um diese Lücke zu füllen, haben wir einen Ansatz zur direkten Quantifizierung des Ortsfehlers entwickelt. Mit Hilfe dieses Ansatzes wurde wir Benchmarking-Experiment auf Grundlage eines fünfminütigen DWD Radarkompositprodukts für das komplette Jahr 2016 umgesetzt. In diesem Experiment wurden vier Nowcasting-Modelle aus der rainymotion-Softwarebibliothek verwendet im Hinblick auf den Ortsfehler der Vorhersage verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für alle konkurrierenden Modelle die Ortsfehler von Bedeutung sind: die Größenordnung dieser Fehler entspricht etwa der typischen Ausdehnung einer konvektiven Zelle oder einer mittelgroßen Stadt (5–10 km). Insgesamt zeigt diese Arbeit die Vorteile eines "Open Science"-Ansatzes für die Modellentwicklung im Bereich der Niederschlagsnowcastings. Alle vorgestellten Modelle und Modellsysteme stehen als offene, gut dokumentierte Repositorien zusammen mit entsprechenden offenen Datensätzen öffentlich zu Verfügung für, was die Transparenz und Reproduzierbarkeit des methodischen Ansatzes, aber auch die Anwendbarkeit in der Praxis erhöht. KW - Weather radar KW - nowcasting KW - optical flow KW - deep learning KW - Wetterradar KW - Deep Learning KW - Nowcasting KW - Optischer Fluss Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-504267 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayzel, Georgy T1 - Deep neural networks in hydrology BT - the new generation of universal and efficient models BT - новое поколение универсальных и эффективных моделей JF - Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences N2 - For around a decade, deep learning - the sub-field of machine learning that refers to artificial neural networks comprised of many computational layers - modifies the landscape of statistical model development in many research areas, such as image classification, machine translation, and speech recognition. Geoscientific disciplines in general and the field of hydrology in particular, also do not stand aside from this movement. Recently, the proliferation of modern deep learning-based techniques and methods has been actively gaining popularity for solving a wide range of hydrological problems: modeling and forecasting of river runoff, hydrological model parameters regionalization, assessment of available water resources. identification of the main drivers of the recent change in water balance components. This growing popularity of deep neural networks is primarily due to their high universality and efficiency. The presented qualities, together with the rapidly growing amount of accumulated environmental information, as well as increasing availability of computing facilities and resources, allow us to speak about deep neural networks as a new generation of mathematical models designed to, if not to replace existing solutions, but significantly enrich the field of geophysical processes modeling. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the field of development and application of deep neural networks in hydrology. Also in the following study, the qualitative long-term forecast regarding the development of deep learning technology for managing the corresponding hydrological modeling challenges is provided based on the use of "Gartner Hype Curve", which in the general details describes a life cycle of modern technologies. N2 - В течение последнего десятилетия глубокое обучение - область машинного обучения, относящаяся к искусственным нейронным сетям, состоящим из множества вычислительных слоев, - изменяет ландшафт развития статистических моделей во многих областях исследований, таких как классификация изображений, машинный перевод, распознавание речи. Географические науки, а также входящая в их состав область исследования гидрологии суши, не стоят в стороне от этого движения. В последнее время применение современных технологий и методов глубокого обучения активно набирает популярность для решения широкого спектра гидрологических задач: моделирования и прогнозирования речного стока, районирования модельных параметров, оценки располагаемых водных ресурсов, идентификации факторов, влияющих на современные изменения водного режима. Такой рост популярности глубоких нейронных сетей продиктован прежде всего их высокой универсальностью и эффективностью. Представленные качества в совокупности с быстрорастущим количеством накопленной информации о состоянии окружающей среды, а также ростом доступности вычислительных средств и ресурсов, позволяют говорить о глубоких нейронных сетях как о новом поколении математических моделей, призванных если не заменить существующие решения, то значительно обогатить область моделирования геофизических процессов. В данной работе представлен краткий обзор текущего состояния области разработки и применения глубоких нейронных сетей в гидрологии. Также в работе предложен качественный долгосрочный прогноз развития технологии глубокого обучения для решения задач гидрологического моделирования на основе использования «кривой ажиотажа Гартнера», в общих чертах описывающей жизненный цикл современных технологий. T2 - Глубокие нейронные сети в гидрологии KW - deep neural networks KW - deep learning KW - machine learning KW - hydrology KW - modeling KW - глубокие нейронные сети KW - глубокое обучение KW - машинное обучение KW - гидрология KW - моделирование Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2021.101 SN - 2541-9668 SN - 2587-585X VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 18 PB - Univ. Press CY - St. Petersburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayzel, Georgy A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - The effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model versus LSTM and GRU BT - a case study for six basins from the CAMELS dataset JF - Computers & geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology N2 - We systematically explore the effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model, GR4H, in comparison to two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures: Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), which have just recently been introduced to the field of hydrology. We implemented a case study for six river basins across the contiguous United States, with 25 years of meteorological and discharge data. Nine years were reserved for independent validation; two years were used as a warm-up period, one year for each of the calibration and validation periods, respectively; from the remaining 14 years, we sampled increasing amounts of data for model calibration, and found pronounced differences in model performance. While GR4H required less data to converge, LSTM and GRU caught up at a remarkable rate, considering their number of parameters. Also, LSTM and GRU exhibited the higher calibration instability in comparison to GR4H. These findings confirm the potential of modern deep-learning architectures in rainfall runoff modelling, but also highlight the noticeable differences between them in regard to the effect of calibration data length. KW - Artificial neural networks KW - Calibration KW - Deep learning KW - Rainfall-runoff KW - modelling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104708 SN - 0098-3004 SN - 1873-7803 VL - 149 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baccini, Leonardo A1 - Heinzel, Mirko A1 - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias T1 - The social construction of global health priorities BT - an empirical analysis of contagion in bilateral health aid JF - International studies quarterly N2 - Donors of development assistance for health typically provide funding for a range of disease focus areas, such as maternal health and child health, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. But funding for each disease category does not match closely its contribution to the disability and loss of life it causes and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We argue that peer influences in the social construction of global health priorities contribute to explaining this misalignment. Aid policy-makers are embedded in a social environment encompassing other donors, health experts, advocacy groups, and international officials. This social environment influences the conceptual and normative frameworks of decision-makers, which in turn affect their funding priorities. Aid policy-makers are especially likely to emulate decisions on funding priorities taken by peers with whom they are most closely involved in the context of expert and advocacy networks. We draw on novel data on donor connectivity through health IGOs and health INGOs and assess the argument by applying spatial regression models to health aid disbursed globally between 1990 and 2017. The analysis provides strong empirical support for our argument that the involvement in overlapping expert and advocacy networks shapes funding priorities regarding disease categories and recipient countries in health aid. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab092 SN - 0020-8833 SN - 1468-2478 VL - 66 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - The syntax of functional left peripheries BT - clause typing in west germanic and beyond Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bade, Nadine T1 - On the scope and nature of Maximise Presupposition JF - Language and linguistics compass N2 - The paper introduces the principle Maximise Presupposition and its cognates. The main focus of the literature and this article is on the inferences that arise as a result of reasoning with Maximise Presupposition ('anti-presuppositions'). I will review the arguments put forward for distinguishing them from other inference types, most notably presuppositions and conversational implicatures. I will zoom in on three main issues regarding Maximise Presupposition and these inferences critically discussed in the literature: epistemic strength(ening), projection, and the role of alternatives. I will discuss more recent views which argue for either a uniform treatment of anti-presuppositions and implicatures and/or a revision of the original principle in light of new data and developments in pragmatics. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12416 SN - 1749-818X VL - 15 IS - 6 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baert, By Stijn A1 - Neyt, Brecht A1 - Siedler, Thomas A1 - Tobback, Ilse A1 - Verhaest, Dieter T1 - Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation BT - a field experiment JF - Economics of education review N2 - Internships during tertiary education have become substantially more common over the past decades in many industrialised countries. This study examines the impact of a voluntary intra-curricular internship experience during university studies on the probability of being invited to a job interview. To estimate a causal relationship, we conducted a randomised field experiment in which we sent 1248 fictitious, but realistic, resumes to real job openings. We find that applicants with internship experience have, on average, a 12.6% higher probability of being invited to a job interview. KW - internship KW - hiring KW - field experiment KW - human capital KW - signalling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102141 SN - 0272-7757 VL - 83 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Baeseler, Jessica T1 - Trace element effects on longevity and neurodegeneration with focus on C. elegans T1 - Effekte von Spurenelementen auf die Lebensdauer und Neurodegeneration mit Fokus auf C. elegans N2 - The trace elements zinc and manganese are essential for human health, especially due to their enzymatic and protein stabilizing functions. If these elements are ingested in amounts exceeding the requirements, regulatory processes for maintaining their physiological concentrations (homeostasis) can be disturbed. Those homeostatic dysregulations can cause severe health effects including the emergence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The concentrations of essential trace elements also change during the aging process. However, the relations of cause and consequence between increased manganese and zinc uptake and its influence on the aging process and the emergence of the aging-associated PD are still rarely understood. This doctoral thesis therefore aimed to investigate the influence of a nutritive zinc and/or manganese oversupply on the metal homeostasis during the aging process. For that, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was applied. This nematode suits well as an aging and PD model due to properties such as its short life cycle and its completely sequenced, genetically amenable genome. Different protocols for the propagation of zinc- and/or manganese-supplemented young, middle-aged and aged C. elegans were established. Therefore, wildtypes, as well as genetically modified worm strains modeling inheritable forms of parkinsonism were applied. To identify homeostatic and neurological alterations, the nematodes were investigated with different methods including the analysis of total metal contents via inductively-coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry, a specific probe-based method for quantifying labile zinc, survival assays, gene expression analysis as well as fluorescence microscopy for the identification and quantification of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.. During aging, the levels of iron, as well as zinc and manganese increased.. Furthermore, the simultaneous oversupply with zinc and manganese increased the total zinc and manganese contents to a higher extend than the single metal supplementation. In this relation the C. elegans metallothionein 1 (MTL-1) was identified as an important regulator of metal homeostasis. The total zinc content and the concentration of labile zinc were age-dependently, but differently regulated. This elucidates the importance of distinguishing these parameters as two independent biomarkers for the zinc status. Not the metal oversupply, but aging increased the levels of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, nearly all these results yielded differences in the aging-dependent regulation of trace element homeostasis between wildtypes and PD models. This confirms that an increased zinc and manganese intake can influence the aging process as well as parkinsonism by altering homeostasis although the underlying mechanisms need to be clarified in further studies. N2 - Die Spurenelemente Zink und Mangan sind vor allem aufgrund ihrer enzymatischen und Protein-stabilisierenden Funktionen essentiell für die menschliche Gesundheit. Werden sie allerdings in Mengen aufgenommen, die den Bedarf übersteigen, können regulatorische Prozesse für die Aufrechterhaltung physiologischer Konzentrationen dieser Metalle (Homöostase) aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten. Das kann ernsthafte gesundheitliche Konsequenzen nach sich ziehen, unter anderem die Entstehung neurodegenerativer Krankheiten, wie zum Beispiel der Parkinson’schen Erkrankung. Auch während des Alterungsprozesses verändern sich die Gehalte an lebensnotwendigen Spurenelementen im Körper. Jedoch sind die Zusammenhänge zwischen Ursache und Wirkung einer erhöhten Aufnahme an Zink und Mangan und deren Einfluss auf den Alterungsprozess und die Entstehung der altersassoziierten Parkinson’schen Erkrankung bisher nur unzureichend verstanden. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde deshalb der Einfluss einer nutritiven Zink- und/oder Manganüberversorgung auf die Metallhomöostase während der Alterung untersucht. Dazu wurde Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) als Modellorganismus verwendet. Diese Fadenwürmer eignen sich aufgrund verschiedener Eigenschaften, wie einem kurzen Lebenszyklus und einem komplett sequenzierten und leicht manipulierbarem Genom, hervorragend als Alters- und Parkinson-Modelle. Es wurden verschiedene Protokolle etabliert, die die Anzucht von Zink- und/oder Mangan-supplementierten jungen, mittelalten bzw. gealterten C. elegans erlaubten. Neben Wildtypen wurden auch Wurmstämme untersucht, die genetische Modifikationen aufweisen, die mit vererbbaren Formen des Parkinsonismus assoziiert werden können. Die Würmer wurden mithilfe verschiedener Methoden, wie der analytischen Bestimmung des Gesamtmetallgehaltes mittels Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv-gekoppeltem Plasma, einer Sonden-spezifischen Methode zur Bestimmung von freiem Zink, Letalitätsassays, Genexpressionsanalysen und der Fluoreszenz-mikroskopischen Untersuchung der dopaminergen Neurodegeneration auf verschiedene Parameter untersucht, die Aufschluss über homöostatische und neurologische Veränderungen geben. Es wurde eine altersbedingte Zunahme von Eisen, sowie Zink und Mangan in den Würmern beobachtet. Weiterhin stellte sich heraus, dass vor allem die simultane Überversorgung mit Zink und Mangan den Gesamtmetallgehalt dieser Metalle in C. elegans in einem Maß steigerte, das das der Einzelmetallsupplementierung überstieg. Dabei konnte vor allem das C. elegans Metallothionein 1 (MTL-1) als wichtiger Faktor in der Regulation der Metallhomöostase identifiziert werden. Außerdem wurde die Wichtigkeit verdeutlicht, zwischen dem Gesamtzinkgehalt und der Konzentration an freiem Zink als Biomarkern für den Zinkstatus eines Organismus zu unterscheiden. Beide Parameter wurden altersabhängig unterschiedlich reguliert. Im Gegensatz zur Alterung, wurde durch die Überversorgung mit Metallen keine zusätzliche Schädigung der dopaminergen Neuronen beobachtet. In nahezu all diesen Ergebnissen verdeutlichten sich weiterhin Unterschiede in der altersabhängigen Regulation der Spurenelementhomöostase zwischen Wildtypen und Parkinson-Modellen. Dies bestätigt die Annahme, dass sich eine erhöhte Aufnahme von Mangan und Zink durch die Beeinflussung der Homöostase sowohl auf die Alterung, als auch den Parkinsonismus auswirken kann, jedoch müssen die mechanistischen Grundlagen dessen in zukünftigen Studien aufgeklärt werden. KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - aging KW - trace element KW - zinc KW - manganese KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Alterung KW - Spurenelement KW - Zink KW - Mangan Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baesler, Jessica A1 - Michaelis, Vivien A1 - Stiboller, Michael A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Aschner, Michael A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Sturzenbaum, Stephen R. A1 - Bornhorst, Julia T1 - Nutritive manganese and zinc overdosing in aging c. elegans result in a metallothionein-mediated alteration in metal homeostasis T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential trace elements, but also potential exogenous risk factors for various diseases. Since the disturbed homeostasis of single metals can result in detrimental health effects, concerns have emerged regarding the consequences of excessive exposures to multiple metals, either via nutritional supplementation or parenteral nutrition. This study focuses on Mn-Zn-interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, taking into account aspects related to aging and age-dependent neurodegeneration. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1364 KW - aging KW - C. elegans KW - homeostasis KW - manganese KW - zinc Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-514995 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baesler, Jessica A1 - Michaelis, Vivien A1 - Stiboller, Michael A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Aschner, Michael A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Sturzenbaum, Stephen R. A1 - Bornhorst, Julia T1 - Nutritive manganese and zinc overdosing in aging c. elegans result in a metallothionein-mediated alteration in metal homeostasis JF - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research N2 - Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential trace elements, but also potential exogenous risk factors for various diseases. Since the disturbed homeostasis of single metals can result in detrimental health effects, concerns have emerged regarding the consequences of excessive exposures to multiple metals, either via nutritional supplementation or parenteral nutrition. This study focuses on Mn-Zn-interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, taking into account aspects related to aging and age-dependent neurodegeneration. KW - aging KW - C. elegans KW - homeostasis KW - manganese KW - zinc Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202001176 SN - 1613-4133 SN - 1613-4125 VL - 65 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - THES A1 - Bagdahn, Christian T1 - Synthese und Charakterisierung von Polymerionogelen basierend auf ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Polymethylmethacrylat N2 - Zentrales Element dieser Arbeit ist die Synthese und Charakterisierung praktisch nutzbarer Ionogele. Die Basis der Polymerionogele bildet das Modellpolymer Polymethylmethacrylat. Als Additive kommen ionische Flüssigkeiten zum Einsatz, deren Grundlage Derivate des vielfach verwendeten Imidazoliumkations sind. Die Eigenschaften der eingebetteten ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind für die Ionogele funktionsgebend. Die Funktionalität der jeweiligen Gele und damit der Transfer der Eigenschaften von ionischen Flüssigkeiten auf die Ionogele wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit mittels zahlreicher Charakterisierungstechniken überprüft und bestätigt. In dieser Arbeit wurden durch Ionogelbildung makroskopische Ionogelobjekte in Form von Folien und Vliesen erzeugt. Dabei kamen das Filmgießen und das Elektrospinnen als Methoden zur Erzeugung dieser Folien und Vliese zum Einsatz, woraus jeweils ein Modellsystem resultiert. Dadurch wird die vorliegende Arbeit in die Themenkomplexe „elektrisch halbleitende Ionogelfolien“ und „antimikrobiell aktive Ionogelvliese“ gegliedert. Der Einsatz von triiodidhaltigen ionischen Flüssigkeiten und einer Polymermatrix in einem diskontinuierlichen Gießprozess resultiert in elektrisch halbleitenden Ionogelfolien. Die flexiblen und transparenten Folien können Mittelpunkt zahlreicher neuer Anwendungsfelder im Bereich flexibler Elektronik sein. Das Elektrospinnen von Polymethylmethacrylat mit einer ionischen Flüssigkeit führte zu einem homogen Ionogelvlies, welches ein Modell für die Übertragung antimikrobiell aktiver Eigenschaften ionischer Flüssigkeiten auf poröse Strukturen zur Filtration darstellt. Gleichzeitig ist es das erste Beispiel für ein kupferchloridhaltiges Ionogel. Ionogele sind attraktive Materialien mit zahlreichen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Spektrum der Ionogele um ein elektrisch halbleitendes und ein antimikrobiell aktives Ionogel erweitert. Gleichzeitig wurden durch diese Arbeit der Gruppe der ionischen Flüssigkeiten drei Beispiele für elektrisch halbleitende ionische Flüssigkeiten sowie zahlreiche kupfer(II)chloridbasierte ionische Flüssigkeiten hinzugefügt. KW - Ionogel KW - Polymerionogel KW - ionische Flüssigkeit KW - Polymethylmethacrylat KW - ionogel KW - polymer ionogel KW - ionic liquid KW - Poly(methyl methacrylate Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-532874 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bala, Sruti A1 - Kerrigan, Dylan ED - Heide, Johanna T1 - Embodied Practices – Looking from Small Places BT - A Conversation between Sruti Bala and Dylan Kerrigan T2 - Minor Constellations in Conversation Lecture Series N2 - “Embodied Practices – Looking From Small Places” is an edited transcript of a conversation between theatre and performance scholar Sruti Bala (University of Amsterdam) and sociologist, criminologist and anthropologist Dylan Kerrigan (University of Leicester) that took place as an online event in November 2020. Throughout their talk, Bala and Kerrigan engage with the legacy of Haitian anthropologist Michel-Rolph Trouillot. Specifically, they focus on his approach of looking from small units, such as small villages in Dominica, outwards to larger political structures such as global capitalism, social inequalities and the distribution of power. They also share insights from their own research on embodied practices in the Caribbean, Europe and India and answer questions such as: What can research on and through embodied practices tell us about systems of power and domination that move between the local and the global? How can performance practices which are informed by multiple locations and cultures be read and appreciated adequately? Sharing insights from his research into Guyanese prisons, Kerrigan outlines how he aims to connect everyday experiences and struggles of Caribbean people to trans-historical and transnational processes such as racial capitalism and post/coloniality. Furthermore, he elaborates on how he uses performance practices such as spoken word poetry and data verbalisation to connect with systematically excluded groups. Bala challenges naïve notions about the inherent transformative potential of performance in her research on performance and translation. She points to the way in which performance and its reception is always already inscribed in what she calls global or planetary asymmetries. At the conclusion of this conversation, they broach the question: are small places truly as small as they seem? N2 - “Embodied Practices – Looking From Small Places” ist das editierte Transkript eines Gesprächs zwischen der Theaterwissenschaftlerin Sruti Bala (Universität Amsterdam) und dem Soziologen und Kriminologen Dylan Kerrigan (University Leicester), welches als Online-Veranstaltung unter gleichem Titel im November 2020 stattfand. Zentraler Ausgangspunkt des Gesprächs ist die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Werk des haitianischen Anthropologen Michel-Rolph Trouillot und insbesondere seinem Ansatz ausgehend von kleinen Einheiten, wie etwa kleinen Dörfern auf Dominica, auf große politische Zusammenhänge zu schauen, wie die Weltwirtschaft oder aber auch die Verteilung von Macht und sozialen Ungleichheiten. Davon ausgehend, geben die beiden Wissenschaftler*innen Einblicke in ihre eigenen Forschungen zu verkörperten, performativen Praktiken in der Karibik, in Europa oder in Indien. Sie verhandeln Fragen wie etwa: Wie kann Forschung zu und mit performativen Praktiken unser Verständnis von Macht- und Herrschaftssystemen schärfen, die gleichzeitig lokal und global wirksam sind? Wie könnte eine angemessene und wertschätzende Auseinandersetzung mit performativen Praktiken aussehen, die sich aus unterschiedlichen geografischen und kulturellen Kontexten speisen? Kerrigan führt aus wie er in seiner Forschung zeigt, dass alltägliche Erfahrungen und Kämpfe in der Karibik nicht außerhalb von historischen und transnationalen Prozessen wie racial capitalism sowie Post/Kolonialität zu denken sind. Darüber hinaus berichtet er, wie er performative Praktiken wie spoken word oder data verbalisation einsetzt, um mit systematisch marginalisierten Personen in Kontakt zu treten. Bala legt dar, dass sie in ihrer Forschung, beispielsweise zu Performance und Übersetzung, darum bemüht ist, naive Vorstellungen von dem scheinbar inhärent transformativen Potential von Performance zu dekonstruieren. Aufführungen und deren Rezeption seien vielmehr immer schon eingeschrieben in das, was Bala globale oder planetarische Asymmetrien nennt. Schließlich verhandeln sie die Frage wie klein sogenannte “kleine Orte” tatsächlich sind. KW - Performance Studies KW - Theatre Studies KW - Anthropology KW - Criminology KW - Caribbean KW - Embodied Practices KW - Performance KW - Translation KW - Spoken word Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-508999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baldenius, Till A1 - Bernstein, Tobias A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - von Kleist-Retzow, Maximilian A1 - Koch, Nicolas T1 - Ordnungsrecht oder Preisinstrumente? BT - zur Verteilungswirkung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Verkehr JF - Ifo-Schnelldienst Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/sd-2021-06-loeschel-etal-klimapolitik-verteilungswirkungen.pdf#page=4 SN - 0018-974X SN - 2700-8371 SN - 2199-4455 VL - 74 IS - 6 SP - 6 EP - 10 PB - Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola A1 - Pacholski, Claudia T1 - Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays on Top of Porous Silicon Sensors BT - A Win-Win Situation JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces N2 - Label-free optical sensors are attractive candidates, for example, for detecting toxic substances and monitoring biomolecular interactions. Their performance can be pushed by the design of the sensor through clever material choices and integration of components. In this work, two porous materials, namely, porous silicon and plasmonic nanohole arrays, are combined in order to obtain increased sensitivity and dual-mode sensing capabilities. For this purpose, porous silicon monolayers are prepared by electrochemical etching and plasmonic nanohole arrays are obtained using a bottom-up strategy. Hybrid sensors of these two materials are realized by transferring the plasmonic nanohole array on top of the porous silicon. Reflectance spectra of the hybrid sensors are characterized by a fringe pattern resulting from the Fabry–Pérot interference at the porous silicon borders, which is overlaid with a broad dip based on surface plasmon resonance in the plasmonic nanohole array. In addition, the hybrid sensor shows a significant higher reflectance in comparison to the porous silicon monolayer. The sensitivities of the hybrid sensor to refractive index changes are separately determined for both components. A significant increase in sensitivity from 213 ± 12 to 386 ± 5 nm/RIU is determined for the transfer of the plasmonic nanohole array sensors from solid glass substrates to porous silicon monolayers. In contrast, the spectral position of the interference pattern of porous silicon monolayers in different media is not affected by the presence of the plasmonic nanohole array. However, the changes in fringe pattern reflectance of the hybrid sensor are increased 3.7-fold after being covered with plasmonic nanohole arrays and could be used for high-sensitivity sensing. Finally, the capability of the hybrid sensor for simultaneous and independent dual-mode sensing is demonstrated. KW - optical sensors KW - porous silicon KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - plasmonic KW - nanohole arrays KW - bottom-up fabrication Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c07034 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 13 IS - 30 SP - 36436 EP - 36444 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo T1 - Nachhaltiges Management und Konsumentenverhalten N2 - Die ökologischen und sozialen Probleme der Gegenwart zwingen zu gravierenden Änderungen industrieller Produktions- und Wertschöpfungsprozesse und privater Konsumstile. Dieses Buch geht auf beide Seiten der Medaille ein: Es beleuchtet die Beiträge, die Unternehmen durch nachhaltiges Management für eine sozial gerechte und ökologische verträgliche Zukunftsentwicklung leisten können, als auch die Möglichkeiten der Konsumenten, durch ihre Konsumentscheidungen einen Beitrag zu einer lebenswerten Zukunft zu leisten. Jedes Kapitel wird durch eine Lernzielformulierung eingeleitet und durch eine Lernstandskontrolle abgeschlossen. Die zahlreichen Einblicke in die Praxis unterstützen das Verständnis. Aktuelle Links zu Websites von Unternehmen und Institutionen runden das Buch ab. Das Buch richtet sich insbesondere an Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, aber auch an Personen, die ein Interesse an dieser Themenstellung haben. Fazit: Die kompakte und verständliche Einführung schafft ein tieferes Verständnis für die Verknüpfung von nachhaltigem Management mit Konsumentenverhalten. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8252-5491-9 SN - 978-3-8385-5491-4 SN - 978-3-8463-5491-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.36198/9783838554914 PB - UVK Verlag CY - München ET - 2., vollständig überarbeitete ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Hedergott, Doreen A1 - Appenfeller, Dennis A1 - Peyer, Mathias ED - Baier, Daniel ED - Brusch, Michael T1 - Choice-Based Conjointanalyse T2 - Conjointanalyse N2 - Die auswahlbasierte oder auch Choice-Based Conjointanalyse (CBC) ist die derzeit wohl beliebteste Variante der Conjointanalyse. Gründe dafür bestehen einerseits in der leichten Verfügbarkeit benutzerfreundlicher Software (z.B. R, Sawtooth Software), andererseits weist das Verfahren aufgrund seiner Sonderstellung auch aus methodischer sowie praktischer Sicht Stärken auf. So werden bei einer CBC im Gegensatz zur bewertungsbasierten Conjointanalyse keine Präferenzurteile, sondern diskrete Entscheidungen der Auskunftspersonen erhoben und ausgewertet. Bei der CBC handelt es sich also genau genommen um eine Discrete Choice Analyse (DCA), die auf ein conjointanalytisches Erhebungsdesign angewandt wird. Beide Bezeichnungen werden nach wie vor verwendet, die Methodik wird in diesem Kapitel grundlegend und anhand eines Anwendungsbeispiels diskutiert. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-662-63363-2 SN - 978-3-662-63364-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63364-9_8 SP - 185 EP - 203 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ET - 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Seegebarth, Barbara A1 - Lee, Michael S. W. T1 - Less is more! BT - The rationale behind the decision-making style of voluntary simplifiers JF - Journal of cleaner production N2 - Enhancing consumer satisfaction and well-being is an important objective of companies, retailers and public policy makers. In the current debate on climate change, a consistent theme is that consumers in developed countries must learn to consume less. The present study (based on representative data sets from the US, N = 1,017, and Germany, N = 1030) addresses these issues by using a scenario-based experiment to analyze how satisfied voluntary simplifiers (people who voluntarily abstain from consumption) are with their purchase decisions in the case of a muesli brand. The research question is whether people who follow a sustainable, simple lifestyle are more satisfied with their daily consumption choices than people who have a more consumerist lifestyle. If so, it would be easier for many people to change their lifestyles and consume less. In addition, this scenario experiment manipulates consumer empowerment and decision complexity since both factors are supposed to influence purchase satisfaction. The results are consistent across both countries and indicate that voluntary simplifiers experience a higher level of purchasing satisfaction than non-simplifiers, whereby empowerment and decision complexity play different roles. KW - voluntarily simplicity KW - well-being KW - consumer empowerment KW - decision complexity KW - sustainable consumption Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124802 SN - 0959-6526 SN - 1879-1786 VL - 284 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balischewski, Christian A1 - Choi, Hyung-Seok A1 - Behrens, Karsten A1 - Beqiraj, Alkit A1 - Körzdörfer, Thomas A1 - Gessner, Andre A1 - Wedel, Armin A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis with ionic liquids state of the art and future perspectives JF - ChemistryOpen N2 - Metal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications. This article therefore describes current developments in metal sulfide nano-particle synthesis as exemplified by a number of highlight examples. Moreover, the article demonstrates how ILs have been used in metal sulfide synthesis and discusses the benefits of using ILs over more traditional approaches. Finally, the article demonstrates some technological challenges and how ILs could be used to further advance the production and specific property engineering of metal sulfide nanomaterials, again based on a number of selected examples. KW - Ionic liquids KW - ionic liquid crystals KW - ionic liquid precursors KW - metal KW - sulfides KW - catalysis KW - electrochemistry KW - energy materials KW - LED KW - solar KW - cells Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202000357 SN - 2191-1363 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 272 EP - 295 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balk, Maria A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Nöchel, Ulrich A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Enzymatically triggered Jack-in-the-box-like hydrogels JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces / American Chemical Society N2 - Enzymes can support the synthesis or degradation of biomacromolecules in natural processes. Here, we demonstrate that enzymes can induce a macroscopic-directed movement of microstructured hydrogels following a mechanism that we call a "Jack-in-the-box" effect. The material's design is based on the formation of internal stresses induced by a deformation load on an architectured microscale, which are kinetically frozen by the generation of polyester locking domains, similar to a Jack-in-thebox toy (i.e., a compressed spring stabilized by a closed box lid). To induce the controlled macroscopic movement, the locking domains are equipped with enzyme-specific cleavable bonds (i.e., a box with a lock and key system). As a result of enzymatic reaction, a transformed shape is achieved by the release of internal stresses. There is an increase in entropy in combination with a swelling-supported stretching of polymer chains within the microarchitectured hydrogel (i.e., the encased clown pops-up with a pre-stressed movement when the box is unlocked). This utilization of an enzyme as a physiological stimulus may offer new approaches to create interactive and enzyme-specific materials for different applications such as an optical indicator of the enzyme's presence or actuators and sensors in biotechnology and in fermentation processes. KW - enzyme KW - hydrogels KW - stimuli-sensitive materials KW - shape change KW - poly(e-caprolactone) KW - switch KW - microporous Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c00466 SN - 1944-8244 SN - 1944-8252 VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - 8095 EP - 8101 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Baltzer, Wanda A1 - Hradilak, Theresa A1 - Pfennigschmidt, Lara A1 - Prestin, Luc Maurice A1 - Spranger, Moritz A1 - Stadlinger, Simon A1 - Wendt, Leo A1 - Lincke, Jens A1 - Rein, Patrick A1 - Church, Luke A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - An individual-centered approach to visualize people’s opinions and demographic information N2 - The noble way to substantiate decisions that affect many people is to ask these people for their opinions. For governments that run whole countries, this means asking all citizens for their views to consider their situations and needs. Organizations such as Africa's Voices Foundation, who want to facilitate communication between decision-makers and citizens of a country, have difficulty mediating between these groups. To enable understanding, statements need to be summarized and visualized. Accomplishing these goals in a way that does justice to the citizens' voices and situations proves challenging. Standard charts do not help this cause as they fail to create empathy for the people behind their graphical abstractions. Furthermore, these charts do not create trust in the data they are representing as there is no way to see or navigate back to the underlying code and the original data. To fulfill these functions, visualizations would highly benefit from interactions to explore the displayed data, which standard charts often only limitedly provide. To help improve the understanding of people's voices, we developed and categorized 80 ideas for new visualizations, new interactions, and better connections between different charts, which we present in this report. From those ideas, we implemented 10 prototypes and two systems that integrate different visualizations. We show that this integration allows consistent appearance and behavior of visualizations. The visualizations all share the same main concept: representing each individual with a single dot. To realize this idea, we discuss technologies that efficiently allow the rendering of a large number of these dots. With these visualizations, direct interactions with representations of individuals are achievable by clicking on them or by dragging a selection around them. This direct interaction is only possible with a bidirectional connection from the visualization to the data it displays. We discuss different strategies for bidirectional mappings and the trade-offs involved. Having unified behavior across visualizations enhances exploration. For our prototypes, that includes grouping, filtering, highlighting, and coloring of dots. Our prototyping work was enabled by the development environment Lively4. We explain which parts of Lively4 facilitated our prototyping process. Finally, we evaluate our approach to domain problems and our developed visualization concepts. Our work provides inspiration and a starting point for visualization development in this domain. Our visualizations can improve communication between citizens and their government and motivate empathetic decisions. Our approach, combining low-level entities to create visualizations, provides value to an explorative and empathetic workflow. We show that the design space for visualizing this kind of data has a lot of potential and that it is possible to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to data analysis. N2 - Der noble Weg, Entscheidungen, die viele Menschen betreffen, zu begründen, besteht darin, diese Menschen nach ihrer Meinung zu fragen. Für Regierungen, die ganze Länder führen, bedeutet dies, alle Bürger nach ihrer Meinung zu fragen, um ihre Situationen und Bedürfnisse zu berücksichtigen. Organisationen wie die Africa's Voices Foundation, die die Kommunikation zwischen Entscheidungsträgern und Bürgern eines Landes erleichtern wollen, haben Schwierigkeiten, zwischen diesen Gruppen zu vermitteln. Um Verständnis zu ermöglichen, müssen die Aussagen zusammengefasst und visualisiert werden. Diese Ziele auf eine Weise zu erreichen, die den Stimmen und Situationen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger gerecht wird, erweist sich als Herausforderung. Standardgrafiken helfen dabei nicht weiter, da es ihnen nicht gelingt, Empathie für die Menschen hinter ihren grafischen Abstraktionen zu schaffen. Darüber hinaus schaffen diese Diagramme kein Vertrauen in die Daten, die sie darstellen, da es keine Möglichkeit gibt, den verwendeten Code und die Originaldaten zu sehen oder zu ihnen zurück zu navigieren. Um diese Funktionen zu erfüllen, würden Visualisierungen sehr von Interaktionen zur Erkundung der angezeigten Daten profitieren, die Standardgrafiken oft nur begrenzt bieten. Um das Verständnis der Stimmen der Menschen zu verbessern, haben wir 80 Ideen für neue Visualisierungen, neue Interaktionen und bessere Verbindungen zwischen verschiedenen Diagrammen entwickelt und kategorisiert, die wir in diesem Bericht vorstellen. Aus diesen Ideen haben wir 10 Prototypen und zwei Systeme implementiert, die verschiedene Visualisierungen integrieren. Wir zeigen, dass diese Integration ein einheitliches Erscheinungsbild und Verhalten der Visualisierungen ermöglicht. Die Visualisierungen haben alle das gleiche Grundkonzept: Jedes Individuum wird durch einen einzigen Punkt dargestellt. Um diese Idee zu verwirklichen, diskutieren wir Technologien, die die effiziente Darstellung einer großen Anzahl dieser Punkte ermöglichen. Mit diesen Visualisierungen sind direkte Interaktionen mit Darstellungen von Individuen möglich, indem man auf sie klickt oder eine Auswahl um sie herumzieht. Diese direkte Interaktion ist nur mit einer bidirektionalen Verbindung von der Visualisierung zu den angezeigten Daten möglich. Wir diskutieren verschiedene Strategien für bidirektionale Mappings und die damit verbundenen Kompromisse. Ein einheitliches Verhalten über Visualisierungen hinweg verbessert die Exploration. Für unsere Prototypen umfasst dies Gruppierung, Filterung, Hervorhebung und Einfärbung von Punkten. Unsere Arbeit an den Prototypen wurde durch die Entwicklungsumgebung Lively4 ermöglicht. Wir erklären, welche Teile von Lively4 unseren Prototyping-Prozess erleichtert haben. Schließlich bewerten wir unsere Herangehensweise an Domänenprobleme und die von uns entwickelten Visualisierungskonzepte. Unsere Arbeit liefert Inspiration und einen Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von Visualisierungen in diesem Bereich. Unsere Visualisierungen können die Kommunikation zwischen Bürgern und ihrer Regierung verbessern und einfühlsame Entscheidungen motivieren. Unser Ansatz, bei dem wir niedrigstufige Entitäten zur Erstellung von Visualisierungen kombinieren, bietet einen wertvollen Ansatz für einen explorativen und einfühlsamen Arbeitsablauf. Wir zeigen, dass der Designraum für die Visualisierung dieser Art von Daten ein großes Potenzial hat und dass es möglich ist, qualitative und quantitative Ansätze zur Datenanalyse zu kombinieren. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 136 KW - data visualization KW - demographic information KW - visualization concept exploration KW - web-based development environment KW - Datenvisualisierung KW - demografische Informationen KW - Visualisierungskonzept-Exploration KW - web-basierte Entwicklungsumgebung Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-491457 SN - 978-3-86956-504-0 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 136 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bandara, Lashi T1 - Functional calculus and harmonic analysis in geometry JF - São Paulo journal of mathematical sciences / Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo N2 - In this short survey article, we showcase a number of non-trivial geometric problems that have recently been resolved by marrying methods from functional calculus and real-variable harmonic analysis. We give a brief description of these methods as well as their interplay. This is a succinct survey that hopes to inspire geometers and analysts alike to study these methods so that they can be further developed to be potentially applied to a broader range of questions. KW - Functional calculus KW - Real-variable harmonic analysis KW - Elliptic boundary KW - value problems KW - Kato square root problem KW - Spectral flow KW - Riesz topology KW - Gigli-Mantegazza flow KW - Bisectorial operator Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40863-019-00149-0 SN - 1982-6907 SN - 2316-9028 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 53 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Banerji, Amitabh A1 - Thyssen, Christoph A1 - Pampel, Barbara A1 - Huwer, Johannes T1 - Naturwissenschaftsunterricht und Informatik BT - bringt zusammen, was zusammen gehört?! BT - bringing together, what belongs together?! JF - Chemie konkret : CHEMKON ; Forum für Unterricht und Didaktik N2 - Computer literacy plays an increasingly important role in the education of 21st-century society. For chemistry' education. this results in two aspects: On the one hand. informatics education concepts can help to promote chemistry- and science-specific ways of thinking and working. On the other hand, chemistry education can contribute to information education. This paper addresses both aspects and tries to point out the Mutual benefits of informatics education and science education with regards to chemistry lessons. N2 - Informatische Bildung spielt eine immer zentralere Rolle in der Bildung einer Gesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts. Für den Chemieunterricht ergeben sich daraus zwei Aspekte: Einerseits können Konzepte der informatischen Bildung dabei helfen, chemie- und naturwissenschaftsspezifische Denk- und Arbeitsweisen zu fördern. Andererseits kann der Chemieunterricht einen Beitrag für die informatische Bildung leisten. Dieser Artikel geht auf beide Aspekte ein und versucht die gegenseitigen Vorteile der informatischen Bildung und der naturwissenschaftlichen Bildung im Chemieunterricht darzustellen. T2 - Science education and computer literacy KW - computer literacy KW - scientific literacy KW - informatische Bildung KW - naturwissenschaftliche Bildung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ckon.202100008 SN - 0944-5846 SN - 1521-3730 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 263 EP - 265 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bangeow, Petjo T1 - Zur Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens in der Vertragspsychotherapie – ein Qualitätsverlust? JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Objectives: This article investigates whether or not the abolishment of the expertise procedure for an outpatient psychotherapy is a reliable quality feature; and whether or not the elimination of this procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy. Methods: We conducted a literature research that considered articles written between the years 2000 and 2020 dealing with the expertise procedure as a quality standard of outpatient psychotherapy. In order to discuss the different views of the cited authors, we also refer to further literature. Results: The expertise procedure is not a reliable quality feature of outpatient psychotherapy. The idea that abolishing the expertise procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy is not confirmed by the studies summarized. N2 - Zielsetzung: Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der Fragestellung, inwiefern das Gutachterverfahren in der Vertragspsychotherapie ein zuverlässiges Qualitätsinstrument darstellt und ob sich aus der geplanten Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens das Risiko einer Qualitätsminderung in der ambulanten Psychotherapie ergibt. Methodik: Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Arbeiten von den Jahren 2000 bis 2020 wurden berücksichtigt, welche sich mit dem Gutachterverfahren als Qualitätsmerkmal der ambulanten Psychotherapie befassen. Um die unterschiedlichen Standpunkte der zitierten Autor_innen zu diskutieren, wurde auch Bezug auf weiterführende Literatur genommen. Ergebnisse: Das Gutachterverfahren scheint empirisch nicht sicher als zuverlässiges Qualitätsmerkmal der ambulanten Psychotherapie herangezogen werden zu können. Die Annahme, dass sich durch eine gutachterbefreite Vertragspsychotherapie eine Qualitätsminderung der Psychotherapie ergibt, wird durch die hier zusammengefassten Arbeiten insgesamt nicht gestützt. T2 - The abolition of the expertise procedure for outpatient psychotherapy - A reduction of quality in the psychotherapy? KW - psychotherapy KW - guideline KW - expertise procedure KW - quality standards KW - outpatient psychotherapy KW - Psychotherapie KW - Richtlinie KW - Gutachterverfahren KW - Qualitätsstandard KW - ambulante Psychotherapie Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000778 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 49 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 72 PB - Hogrefe CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barbot, Sylvain A1 - Weiss, Jonathan R. T1 - Connecting subduction, extension and shear localization across the Aegean Sea and Anatolia JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The Eastern Mediterranean is the most seismically active region in Europe due to the complex interactions of the Arabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates. Deformation is achieved by faulting in the brittle crust, distributed flow in the viscoelastic lower-crust and mantle, and Hellenic subduction, but the long-term partitioning of these mechanisms is still unknown. We exploit an extensive suite of geodetic observations to build a kinematic model connecting strike-slip deformation, extension, subduction, and shear localization across Anatolia and the Aegean Sea by mapping the distribution of slip and strain accumulation on major active geological structures. We find that tectonic escape is facilitated by a plate-boundary-like, translithospheric shear zone extending from the Gulf of Evia to the Turkish-Iranian Plateau that underlies the surface trace of the North Anatolian Fault. Additional deformation in Anatolia is taken up by a series of smaller-scale conjugate shear zones that reach the upper mantle, the largest of which is located beneath the East Anatolian Fault. Rapid north-south extension in the western part of the system, driven primarily by Hellenic Trench retreat, is accommodated by rotation and broadening of the North Anatolian mantle shear zone from the Sea of Marmara across the north Aegean Sea, and by a system of distributed transform faults and rifts including the rapidly extending Gulf of Corinth in central Greece and the active grabens of western Turkey. Africa-Eurasia convergence along the Hellenic Arc occurs at a median rate of 49.8mm yr(-1) in a largely trench-normal direction except near eastern Crete where variably oriented slip on the megathrust coincides with mixed-mode and strike-slip deformation in the overlying accretionary wedge near the Ptolemy-Pliny-Strabo trenches. Our kinematic model illustrates the competing roles the North Anatolian mantle shear zone, Hellenic Trench, overlying mantle wedge, and active crustal faults play in accommodating tectonic indentation, slab rollback and associated Aegean extension. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle dominate the surface velocity field across much of Anatolia and a clear transition to megathrust-related slab pull occurs in western Turkey, the Aegean Sea and Greece. Crustal scale faults and the Hellenic wedge contribute only a minor amount to the large-scale, regional pattern of Eastern Mediterranean interseismic surface deformation. KW - Seismic cycle KW - Space geodetic surveys KW - Europe KW - Joint inversion KW - Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation KW - Rheology: crust and KW - lithosphere Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab078 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 226 IS - 1 SP - 422 EP - 445 PB - Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - THES A1 - Barchewitz, Tino T1 - Impact of microcystin on the non-canonical localization of RubisCO in the toxic bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 T1 - Einfluss von Microcystin auf die nicht-kanonische Lokalisierung von RubisCO im toxischen Blüten-bildenden Cyanobakterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 N2 - Cyanobacteria are an abundant bacterial group and are found in a variety of ecological niches all around the globe. They can serve as a real threat for fish or mammals and can restrict the use of lakes or rivers for recreational purposes or as a source of drinking water, when they form blooms. One of the most abundant bloom-forming cyanobacteria is Microcystis aeruginosa. In the first part of the study, the role and possible dynamics of RubisCO in M. aeruginosa during high-light irradiation were examined. Its response was analyzed on the protein and peptide level via immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was revealed that large amounts of RubisCO were located outside of carboxysomes under the applied high light stress. RubisCO aggregated mainly underneath the cytoplasmic membrane. There it forms a putative Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) super complex together with other enzymes of photosynthesis. This complex could be part of an alternative carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in M. aeruginosa, which enables a faster, and energy saving adaptation to high light stress of the whole bloom. Furthermore, the re-localization of RubisCO was delayed in the microcystin-deficient mutant ΔmcyB and RubisCO was more evenly distributed over the cell in comparison to the wild type. Since ΔmcyB is not harmed in its growth, possibly other produced cyanopeptides as aeruginosin or cyanopeptolin also play a role in the stabilization of RubisCO and the putative CBB complex, especially in the microcystin-free mutant. In the second part of this work, the possible role of microcystin as an extracellular signaling peptide during the diurnal cycle was studied. HPLC analysis showed a strong increase of extracellular microcystin in the wild type when the population entered nighttime and it resumed into the next day as well. Together with the increase of extracellular microcystin, a strong decrease of protein-bound intracellular microcystin was observed via immunoblot analysis. Interestingly, the signal of the large subunit of RubisCO (RbcL) also diminished when high amounts of microcystin were present in the surrounding medium. Microcystin addition experiments to M. aeruginosa WT and ΔmcyB cultures support this observation, since the immunoblot signal of both subunits of RubisCO and CcmK, a shell protein of carboxysomes, diminished after the addition of microcystin. In addition, the fluctuation of cyanopeptolin during the diurnal cycle indicates a more prominent role of other cyanopeptides besides microcystin as a signaling peptide, intracellularly as well as extracellularly. N2 - Cyanobakterien können weltweit in einer Vielzahl von ökologischen Nischen gefunden werden. Sie stellen eine Gefahr für Eukaryoten wie Fische oder Säugetiere dar, und können auch die Nutzung von Seen oder Flüssen zu Erholungszwecken oder als Trinkwasserquelle beeinträchtigen, wenn sie an der Wasser-Luft Interphase Blüten bilden. Einer der häufigsten blütenbildenden Cyanobakterien ist der Stamm M. aeruginosa PCC7806, welcher in Cyanobakterienblüten auf der ganzen Welt gefunden werden kann. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die Funktion und mögliche Dynamiken von RubisCO während der Bildung und Aufrechterhaltung von dicht gewachsenen Blüten untersucht. Dafür wurden Schwachlicht-adaptierte M. aeruginosa Zellkulturen Starklicht ausgesetzt und deren Reaktion auf dem Protein- und Peptidlevel analysiert. Verwendete Analysemethoden waren Western Blots, Immunofluoreszenz-mikroskopie und Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatografie (HPLC). Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass unter der angewendeten Starklichtbehandlung große Mengen RubisCO außerhalb der Carboxysomen lokalisiert waren. Dabei konnte RubisCO hauptsächlich direkt unterhalb der zytoplasmatischen Membran in Form von Aggregaten nachgewiesen werden. Diese Aggregate sind möglicherweise Teil eines hypothetischen Calvin-Benson-Bassham Zyklus (CBB) Superkomplexes zusammen mit anderen Enzymen aus der Photosynthese. Dieser Komplex könnte Teil eines alternativen Kohlenstoff-Konzentrationsmechanismus in M. aeruginosa sein, welcher eine schnellere und energiesparendere Anpassung der Cyanobakterienblüte an Starklichtstress ermöglicht. Weiterhin erfolgte die Relokalisation von RubisCO in der Microcystin-freien Mutante ΔmcyB verzögert und RubisCO war homogener in der Zelle verteilt im Vergleich zum Wildtyp. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit sind im Einklang mit vorherigen Publikationen zu der Funktion von Microcystin als Schutz gegen Proteinabbau in Folge der Bindung von Microcystin an das jeweilige Protein. Da ΔmcyB im Wachstum nicht eingeschränkt war, scheint es möglich, dass andere Cyanopeptoline wie Aeruginosin oder Cyanopeptolin die stabilisierende Funktion von Microcystin gegenüber RubisCO und den hypothetischen CBB Komplex übernehmen, vor allem in der Microcystin-freien Mutante. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die mögliche extrazelluläre Funktion von Microcystin untersucht. HPLC-Analysen zeigen eine starke Zunahme an extrazellulärem Microcystin im Wildtyp als die Zellkultur in die Nachtphase übergegangen ist. Dieser Trend hat sich auch in den folgenden Tag hinein fortgesetzt. Zusammen mit der Zunahme an extrazellulärem Microcystin wurde eine starke Abnahme an proteingebundenem intrazellulärem Microcystin festgestellt, anhand von Western Blot-Untersuchungen. Interessanterweise verringerte sich die Signalstärke der großen Untereinheit von RubisCO (RbcL) im selben Zeitraum im Western Blot. Microcystin Zugabe-Experimente zu M. aeruginosa WT und ΔmcyB unterstützen diese Beobachtung, da das Western Blot-Signal für sowohl beide Untereinheiten von RubisCO als auch CcmK, ein Hüllenprotein der Carboxysomen, nach der Zugabe von Microcystin stark abnahm. Zusätzlich weist die Fluktuation des Cyanopeptolin-Signals während des Tag-Nacht Zyklus auf eine wichtigere Funktion von Cyanopeptiden abseits von Microcystin hin; als Signalpeptide, sowohl intrazellulär als auch extrazellulär. Diese Dissertation gibt neue Einsichten in Adaptionsprozesse von M. aeruginosa an Starklicht-Bedingungen. Der postulierte alternative Kohlenstoff-Konzentrations-mechanismus, welcher direkt unterhalb der zytoplasmatischen Membran stattfindet, gibt M. aeruginosa einen Vorteil gegenüber anderen Cyanobakterien, welche nur den in der Literatur anerkannten Carboxysomen-basierten Kohlenstoff-Konzentrations-mechanismus besitzen. Des Weiteren stärkt die vorliegende Arbeit die Hypothese, dass die eigentliche extrazelluläre Funktion von Microcystin die eines Signalstoffes ist, und nicht die eines antibiotischen Stoffes. KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Microcystis KW - Microcystin KW - RubisCO KW - Carbon concentrating mechanism KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Microcystin KW - Microcystis KW - Carboxysomen KW - Kohlenstoff-Konzentrationsmechanismus KW - RubisCO Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-508299 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baritello, Omar A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Sündermann, Simon A1 - Niebauer, Josef A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.50–33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95% CI 1.80–5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95% CI 2.71–86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95% CI 1.55–4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text KW - frailty tool KW - TAVI KW - older patients KW - elderly KW - cardiology KW - mortality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194506 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baritello, Omar A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Sündermann, Simon A1 - Niebauer, Josef A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.50–33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95% CI 1.80–5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95% CI 2.71–86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95% CI 1.55–4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 765 KW - frailty tool KW - TAVI KW - older patients KW - elderly KW - cardiology KW - mortality Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550440 SN - 1866-8364 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ET - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Küttner, Uwe-Alexander A1 - Raymond, Chase Wesley T1 - Pivots revisited BT - cesuring in action JF - Open linguistics N2 - The term "pivot" usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot's action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action. KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - syntax KW - talk-in-interaction KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - cesuras KW - intonation units KW - social action Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0152 SN - 2300-9969 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 613 EP - 637 PB - de Gruyter CY - Warsaw ER - TY - GEN A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Ogden, Richard T1 - “Chunking” spoken language BT - Introducing weak cesuras T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 174 KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - intonation units KW - talk-in-interaction KW - syntax KW - kinetics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536259 SN - 1866-8380 SP - 531 EP - 548 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Ogden, Richard T1 - “Chunking” spoken language BT - Introducing weak cesuras JF - Open linguistics N2 - In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides. KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - intonation units KW - talk-in-interaction KW - syntax KW - kinetics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0173 SN - 2300-9969 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 531 EP - 548 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barthel, Christian T1 - Die Prophezeiung des Karour (Charour) BT - Krise, Kommunikation und Kohäsionsstrategien im pachomianischen Mönchtum BT - Crisis, communication and cohesion strategies in pachomian monasticism JF - Le muséon : revue d'études orientales N2 - This article discusses the so-called 'Apocalypse' of Carour, a text preserved in a Codex (M586) of the famous Hamuli-find, that originally emanated from the environment of the Pachomian monastic enterprise. It addresses a series of disasters and communal deficiencies through metaphorical imagery and similes that struck the community after the death of its founding father Pachomios. After presenting a few conjectures to the editio princeps and providing a German translation, the 'Apocalypse' is contextualized within the historical and liturgical background of this late antique monastic community. The author asserts that this unique text not only displays the symptoms of disaster, but also gives us new insights into how the Pachomians productively coped with crises. In contrast to modern scholarship, the author argues that the 'Apocalypse' is in fact a prophecy (ex eventu) that was based on an instruction, which was publicly read at the large Easter assembly of the Pachomians, most likely by Horsiesos, the third abbot of the Koinonia. Using the figure of the frog, C(h)arour, to symbolize the biblical plague but also the Egyptian concept of rebirth, the instruction was intended to strengthen group cohesion and especially to prepare the novices that were about to receive their baptism during the Easter celebration for a life devoted to the Koinonia and its principles. To this initial prophecy, which developed an antithesis to the ideal monastic life envisioned by the Pachomians, another text was later added that narrated an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Apa Besarion, the fifth abbot of the Koinonia. In a much more practical manner this second part of the prophecy elaborated on the same themes while also displaying the resilience of the community in averting crises through remembering and recommitting to its founding precepts. The convoluted text we possess now should therefore be equally viewed as a testament to the communication structures of the Pachomians as well as their memorial culture, which targeted moments of crisis and despair to imbue future generations with the necessary persistence to overcome possible disasters themselves and secure the long-term existence of the Koinonia. T2 - The prophecy of Karour (Charour) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2143/MUS.134.1.3289397 SN - 0771-6494 SN - 1783-158X VL - 134 IS - 1-2 SP - 35 EP - 77 PB - Peeters CY - Leuven ER - TY - THES A1 - Bartholomäus, Lisa T1 - Impact of growth-related genes on petal size in Arabidopsis thaliana and the formation of two distinct floral morphs in Amsinckia spectabilis T1 - Einfluss von wachstumsbedingten Genen auf die Petalengröße von Arabidopsis thaliana und die Bildung von zwei unterschiedlichen Blütenmorphologien von Amsinckia spectabilis N2 - Der Lebenszyklus von Pflanzen ist geprägt von sich wiederholenden Wachstums- und Entwicklungsphasen, die auf wiederkehrenden Abläufen, bestehend aus Zellteilung, Zellvergrößerung und Zelldifferenzierung, basieren. Diese Dissertation ist aus zwei Projekten aufgebaut, die sich beide mit unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln des Zellwachstums beschäftigen. Im ersten steht die Charakterisierung einer Arabidopsis thaliana Mutante, die eine generelle Zellvergrößerung aufweist, im Vordergrund. Das zweite fokussiert sich auf zwei natürlich vorkommende Blütenmorphologien in Amsinckia spectabilis (Boraginaceae), die sich, aufgrund von Zelllängenunterschieden, in Griffellänge und Höhe der Staubblattposition unterscheiden. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die EMS-Mutante eop1 durch größere Zellen 26% größere Blütenblätter aufweist. Außerdem wurden weitere Phänotypen beschrieben, wie zum Beispiel, vergrößerte Kotyledonen, (ebenfalls aufgrund von Zellvergrößerung), Fruchtblätter, Kelchblätter, Rosettenblätter und Pollen. Die Gesamtwuchshöhe der Mutante zeigte sich ebenfalls erhöht und zusätzliche Trichomäste erklärten den haarigen Phänotyp. Feinkartierung enthüllte eine C zu T Transition des letzten Nukleotids des Introns 7 des INCURVATA 11 (ICU11) Gens, einer 2-oxoglutarat/Fe(II)-abhängigen Dioxygenase, als ursächlichen SNP, welcher missgespleißte mRNA verursacht. Zwei T-DNA Insertionslinien (icu11-2 & icu11-4), ebenfalls mit vergrößerten Blütenblättern, bestätigten ICU11 als kausales Gen, und erlaubten somit die Analyse von drei verschiedenen icu11 Allelen. Ein Vergleich der verursachten molekularen Veränderung durch die jeweiligen Mutationen ermittelte Unterschiede in den drei Mutanten, wie zum Beispiel Überexpression von ICU11, als auch die Modifikation von ICU11 mRNA. Zusammen bildete das die Grundlage für die Untersuchung des molekularen Mechanismus, der für den beobachteten Phänotyp verantwortlich ist. Verschiedene Ansätze ermittelten widersprüchliche Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Proteinfunktion von ICU11 in den drei Mutanten. So zeigte eine Komplementierungsanalyse, dass alle drei Mutationen austauschbar sind, was, zusammen mit der Beobachtung, dass eine ICU11 Überexpression im Wildtyp zu einem icu11-ähnlichen Phänotyp zeigte, dazu führte, dass die icu11 Mutanten als gain-of-function Mutationen eingeordnet wurden. Im Widerspruch dazu stand die Entdeckung, dass sich icu11-4 durch ein genomisches ICU11 Transgen retten ließ. So wurde ein Model, basierend auf der Annahme, dass eine ICU11 Überexpression die Proteinfunktion ebenso hemmt wie ein nichtfunktionales Protein, vorgeschlagen. Außerdem wurde eine erhöhte Resistenz der icu11-3 (eop1) gegenüber Paclobutrazol, einem Gibberellin (GA)-Inhibitor, und die Aktivierung der Expression von AtGA20ox2, einem Haupt-GA-Biosynthese-Gen, festgestellt. Zusätzlich wurde eine zytoplasmatische Lokalisation von ICU11 detektiert, sodass ein Einfluss von ICU11 auf die GA- Biosynthese und somit auf das Gesamt-GA-Level angenommen wird, der den beobachteten (GA-überdosierten) Phänotyp erklären könnte. Das zweite Projekt strebte die Identifizierung der genetischen Grundlage des S-Locus in Amsinckia spectabilis an, da die Gattung Amsinckia einige untypische Charakteristiken für eine heterostyle Art, wie zum Beispiel das Fehlen einer offensichtlichen Selbstinkompatibilität (SI), sowie die mehrmalige Entwicklung zu Homostyly und 100% autonomem Selbsten, aufweist. Die Analyse basierte auf drei Amsinckia spectabilis Varianten: einer heterostylen Form, bestehend aus zwei Blütenmorphologien mit gegensätzlich positionierten Sexualorganen (S-Morph: hohe Staubblattposition und kurzer Griffel und L-Morph: niedrige Staubblattansätze und langer Griffel), und zwei homostylen Formen, einer großblütigen teilweise selbstenden und einer kleinblütigen voll selbstenden. Natürliche Populationen weisen ungefähr ein 1:1 S:L Morph-Verhältnis auf, welches sich durch vorherrschend disassortative Paarung beider Morphs erklären lasst. Dadurch kann das dominante S-Allel ausschließlich heterozygot auftreten (heterozygot (Ss) im S-morph und homozygot rezessiv (ss) im L-morph). Die Suche nach Morph-spezifischen Phänotypen offenbarte 56% längere L-Morph Griffel und 58% höhere S-Morph Staubblattansätze. Zusätzlich wurden 21% größere S-Morph Pollen, sowie das Fehlen einer offensichtlichen SI gefunden. Dies war die Grundlage für die Annahme, dass der Amsinckia spec. S-Locus mindestens aus G- (Griffel), A- (Staubblatt) und P- (Pollen) Locus besteht. Vergleichende Transkriptom-Analyse beider Morphs offenbarte 22 unterschiedlich exprimierte Marker, die in 2 Contigs der PacBio Genom-Assemblierung eines SS-Individuums lokalisiert werden konnten. Dies erlaubte die genetische Einengung des S-Locus auf einen Bereich von circa 23 Mb. Gegensätzlich zu bisher aufgeklärten S-Loci in anderen Pflanzenarten konnte kein Hinweis auf eine hemizygote Region gefunden werden, die die supprimierte Rekombination am S-Locus erklären könnte, sodass eine Inversion als Ursache dieser vermutet wurde. N2 - The life cycle of higher plants is based on recurring phases of growth and development based on repetitive sequences of cell division, cell expansion and cell differentiation. This dissertation deals with two projects, each of them investigating two different topics that are related to cell expansion. The first project is examining an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant exhibiting overall cell enlargement and the second project is analysing two naturally occurring floral morphs of Amsinckia spectabilis (Boraginaceae) differing (amongst others) in style length and anther heights due to differences in longitudinal cell elongation. The EMS-mutant eop1 was shown to exhibit a petal size increase of 26% caused by cell enlargement. Further phenotypes were detected, such as cotyledon size increase (based on larger cells) as well as increased carpel, sepal, leaf and pollen sizes. Plant height was shown to be increased and more highly branched trichomes explained the hairy eop1 phenotype. Fine mapping revealed the causal SNP to be a C to T transition at the last nucleotide of intron 7 of the INCURVATA11 (ICU11) gene, a 2-oxoglutarate /Fe(II)-dependant dioxygenase, and thus causing missplicing of the mRNA. Two T-DNA insertion lines (icu11-2 & icu11-4) confirmed ICU11 as causal gene by exhibiting increased petal size. A comparison of three icu11 alleles, which possessed different mutation-related changes, either overexpressing ICU11 or modified mRNAs, was the base for investigating the molecular mechanism that underlies the observed phenotype. Different approaches revealed contradictory results regarding ICU11 protein functionality in the icu11 mutants. A complementation assay proved the three mutants to be exchangeable and ICU11 overexpression in the wild-type led to an icu11-like phenotype, arguing for all three icu11 mutants to be GOF mutants. Contradicting this conclusion, the icu11-4 line could be rescued by a genomic ICU11 transgene. A model, based on the assumption that an overexpression of ICU11 is inhibiting the function of the protein, and thus causing the same effect as a LOF protein was proposed. Further, icu11-3 (eop1) mutants were shown to have an increased resistance towards paclobutrazol, a gibberellin (GA) inhibitor and an upregulation of AtGA20ox2, a main GA biosynthesis gene. Additionally, ICU11 subcellular localization was discovered to be cytoplasmic, supporting the assumption, that ICU11 affects GA biosynthesis and overall GA level, possibly explaining the observed (GA-overdose) phenotype. The second project aimed to identify the genetic base of the S-locus in Amsinckia spectabilis, as the Amsinckia genus represents untypical characteristics for a heterostylous species, such as no obvious self-incompatibility (SI) and the repeated transition towards homostylous and fully selfing variants. The work was based on three Amsinckia spectabilis forms: a heterostylous form, consisting of two floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of sexual organs (S-morph: high anthers and a short style and L-morph: low anthers and a long style), and two homostylous forms, one large-flowered and partially selfing and the other small-flowered and fully selfing. The maintenance of the two floral morphs is genetically based on the S-locus region, containing genes that encode for the morph-specific traits, which are marked by a tight linkage due to suppressed recombination. Natural populations are found to possess a 1:1 S:L morph ratio, that can be explained by predominant disassortative mating of the two morphs, causing the occurrence of the dominant S-allele only in the heterozygous state (heterozygous (Ss) for the S-morph and homozygous recessive (ss) for the L-morph). Investigation of morph-specific phenotypes detected 56% elongated L-morph styles and 58% higher positioned S-morph anthers. Approximately 50% of the observed size differences were explained by an increase in cell elongation. Moreover, additional phenotypes were found, such as 21% enlarged S-morph pollen and no obvious SI, confirmed by hand pollinated seed counts, in vivo pollen tube growth and the development of homozygous dominant SS individuals via selfing. The Amsinckia spec. S-locus was assumed to at least consist of the G- (style length), the A- (anther height) and the P- (pollen size) locus. Comparative Transcriptomics of the two morphs revealed 22 differentially expressed markers that were found to be located within two contigs of a SS individual PacBio genome assembly, allowing the localization of the S-locus to be delimited to a region of approximately 23 Mb. Contradictory to revealed S-loci within the plant kingdom, no strong argument for a present hemizygous region was found to be causal for the suppressed recombination of the S-locus, so that an inversion was assumed to be the causal mechanism. KW - INCURVATA11 KW - Amsinckia KW - Arabidopsis thaliana cell size S-morph KW - L-morph KW - style KW - anthers KW - 2-oxoglutarate /FeII-dependant dioxygenases KW - cell size KW - S-morph KW - Zellgröße KW - S-morph KW - L-morph KW - Fruchtknoten KW - Staubblätter KW - 2-oxoglutarat / FeII- abhängige Dioxygenases Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519861 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bartz, Christian A1 - Krestel, Ralf T1 - Deep learning for computer vision in the art domain BT - proceedings of the master seminar on practical introduction to deep learning for computer vision, HPI WS 20/21 N2 - In recent years, computer vision algorithms based on machine learning have seen rapid development. In the past, research mostly focused on solving computer vision problems such as image classification or object detection on images displaying natural scenes. Nowadays other fields such as the field of cultural heritage, where an abundance of data is available, also get into the focus of research. In the line of current research endeavours, we collaborated with the Getty Research Institute which provided us with a challenging dataset, containing images of paintings and drawings. In this technical report, we present the results of the seminar "Deep Learning for Computer Vision". In this seminar, students of the Hasso Plattner Institute evaluated state-of-the-art approaches for image classification, object detection and image recognition on the dataset of the Getty Research Institute. The main challenge when applying modern computer vision methods to the available data is the availability of annotated training data, as the dataset provided by the Getty Research Institute does not contain a sufficient amount of annotated samples for the training of deep neural networks. However, throughout the report we show that it is possible to achieve satisfying to very good results, when using further publicly available datasets, such as the WikiArt dataset, for the training of machine learning models. N2 - Methoden zur Anwendung von maschinellem Lernen für das maschinelle Sehen haben sich in den letzten Jahren stark weiterentwickelt. Dabei konzentrierte sich die Forschung hauptsächlich auf die Lösung von Problemen im Bereich der Bildklassifizierung, oder der Objekterkennung aus Bildern mit natürlichen Motiven. Mehr und mehr kommen zusätzlich auch andere Inhaltsbereiche, vor allem aus dem kulturellen Umfeld in den Fokus der Forschung. Kulturforschungsinstitute, wie das Getty Research Institute, besitzen eine Vielzahl von digitalisierten Dokumenten, die bisher noch nicht analysiert wurden. Im Rahmen einer Zusammenarbeit, überließ das Getty Research Institute uns einen Datensatz, bestehend aus Photos von Kunstwerken. In diesem technischen Bericht präsentieren wir die Ergebnisse des Masterseminars "Deep Learning for Computer Vision", in dem Studierende des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts den Stand der Kunst, bei der Anwendung von Bildklassifizierungs, Objekterkennungs und Image Retrieval Algorithmen evaluierten. Eine besondere Schwierigkeit war, dass es nicht möglich ist bestehende Verfahren direkt auf dem Datensatz anzuwenden, da keine, bzw. kaum Annotationen für das Training von Machine Learning Modellen verfügbar sind. In den einzelnen Teilen des Berichts zeigen wir jedoch, dass es möglich ist unter Zuhilfenahme von weiteren öffentlich verfügbaren Datensätzen, wie dem WikiArt Datensatz, zufriedenstellende bis sehr gute Ergebnisse für die einzelnen Analyseaufgaben zu erreichen. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 139 KW - computer vision KW - cultural heritage KW - art analysis KW - maschinelles Sehen KW - kulturelles Erbe KW - Kunstanalyse Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512906 SN - 978-3-86956-514-9 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 139 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bastian, Philipp U. A1 - Robel, Nathalie A1 - Schmidt, Peter A1 - Schrumpf, Tim A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Kumke, Michael U. T1 - Resonance energy transfer to track the motion of lanthanide ions BT - what drives the intermixing in core-shell upconverting nanoparticles? JF - Biosensors : open access journal N2 - The imagination of clearly separated core-shell structures is already outdated by the fact, that the nanoparticle core-shell structures remain in terms of efficiency behind their respective bulk material due to intermixing between core and shell dopant ions. In order to optimize the photoluminescence of core-shell UCNP the intermixing should be as small as possible and therefore, key parameters of this process need to be identified. In the present work the Ln(III) ion migration in the host lattices NaYF4 and NaGdF4 was monitored. These investigations have been performed by laser spectroscopy with help of lanthanide resonance energy transfer (LRET) between Eu(III) as donor and Pr(III) or Nd(III) as acceptor. The LRET is evaluated based on the Forster theory. The findings corroborate the literature and point out the migration of ions in the host lattices. Based on the introduced LRET model, the acceptor concentration in the surrounding of one donor depends clearly on the design of the applied core-shell-shell nanoparticles. In general, thinner intermediate insulating shells lead to higher acceptor concentration, stronger quenching of the Eu(III) donor and subsequently stronger sensitization of the Pr(III) or the Nd(III) acceptors. The choice of the host lattice as well as of the synthesis temperature are parameters to be considered for the intermixing process. KW - upconversion nanoparticles KW - lanthanoid migration KW - lanthanides KW - core-shell KW - energy transfer Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120515 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bataille-Gonzalez, Martin A1 - Clerc, Marcel G. A1 - Omel'chenko, Oleh T1 - Moving spiral wave chimeras JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We consider a two-dimensional array of heterogeneous nonlocally coupled phase oscillators on a flat torus and study the bound states of two counter-rotating spiral chimeras, shortly two-core spiral chimeras, observed in this system. In contrast to other known spiral chimeras with motionless incoherent cores, the two-core spiral chimeras typically show a drift motion. Due to this drift, their incoherent cores become spatially modulated and develop specific fingerprint patterns of varying synchrony levels. In the continuum limit of infinitely many oscillators, the two-core spiral chimeras can be studied using the Ott-Antonsen equation. Numerical analysis of this equation allows us to reveal the stability region of different spiral chimeras, which we group into three main classes-symmetric, asymmetric, and meandering spiral chimeras. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.L022203 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 104 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauch, Marcel A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Stereoselective [4+2] Cycloaddition of Singlet Oxygen to Naphthalenes Controlled by Carbohydrates JF - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry N2 - Stereoselective reactions of singlet oxygen are of current interest. Since enantioselective photooxygenations have not been realized efficiently, auxiliary control is an attractive alternative. However, the obtained peroxides are often too labile for isolation or further transformations into enantiomerically pure products. Herein, we describe the oxidation of naphthalenes by singlet oxygen, where the face selectivity is controlled by carbohydrates for the first time. The synthesis of the precursors is easily achieved starting from naphthoquinone and a protected glucose derivative in only two steps. Photooxygenations proceed smoothly at low temperature, and we detected the corresponding endoperoxides as sole products by NMR. They are labile and can thermally react back to the parent naphthalenes and singlet oxygen. However, we could isolate and characterize two enantiomerically pure peroxides, which are sufficiently stable at room temperature. An interesting influence of substituents on the stereoselectivities of the photooxygenations has been found, ranging from 51:49 to up to 91:9 dr (diastereomeric ratio). We explain this by a hindered rotation of the carbohydrate substituents, substantiated by a combination of NOESY measurements and theoretical calculations. Finally, we could transfer the chiral information from a pure endoperoxide to an epoxide, which was isolated after cleavage of the sugar chiral auxiliary in enantiomerically pure form. KW - singlet oxygen KW - photooxygenation KW - naphthalenes KW - carbohydrates KW - stereoselectivity KW - auxiliary control KW - [4+2] cycloaddition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040804 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 16 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bauch, Marcel A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Stereoselective [4+2] Cycloaddition of Singlet Oxygen to Naphthalenes Controlled by Carbohydrates T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Stereoselective reactions of singlet oxygen are of current interest. Since enantioselective photooxygenations have not been realized efficiently, auxiliary control is an attractive alternative. However, the obtained peroxides are often too labile for isolation or further transformations into enantiomerically pure products. Herein, we describe the oxidation of naphthalenes by singlet oxygen, where the face selectivity is controlled by carbohydrates for the first time. The synthesis of the precursors is easily achieved starting from naphthoquinone and a protected glucose derivative in only two steps. Photooxygenations proceed smoothly at low temperature, and we detected the corresponding endoperoxides as sole products by NMR. They are labile and can thermally react back to the parent naphthalenes and singlet oxygen. However, we could isolate and characterize two enantiomerically pure peroxides, which are sufficiently stable at room temperature. An interesting influence of substituents on the stereoselectivities of the photooxygenations has been found, ranging from 51:49 to up to 91:9 dr (diastereomeric ratio). We explain this by a hindered rotation of the carbohydrate substituents, substantiated by a combination of NOESY measurements and theoretical calculations. Finally, we could transfer the chiral information from a pure endoperoxide to an epoxide, which was isolated after cleavage of the sugar chiral auxiliary in enantiomerically pure form. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1116 KW - singlet oxygen KW - photooxygenation KW - naphthalenes KW - carbohydrates KW - stereoselectivity KW - auxiliary control KW - [4+2] cycloaddition Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493361 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1116 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Chris A1 - Herwig, Ralf A1 - Lienhard, Matthias A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Scheffer, Tobias A1 - Schuchhardt, Johannes T1 - Large-scale literature mining to assess the relation between anti-cancer drugs and cancer types JF - Journal of translational medicine N2 - Background: There is a huge body of scientific literature describing the relation between tumor types and anti-cancer drugs. The vast amount of scientific literature makes it impossible for researchers and physicians to extract all relevant information manually. Methods: In order to cope with the large amount of literature we applied an automated text mining approach to assess the relations between 30 most frequent cancer types and 270 anti-cancer drugs. We applied two different approaches, a classical text mining based on named entity recognition and an AI-based approach employing word embeddings. The consistency of literature mining results was validated with 3 independent methods: first, using data from FDA approvals, second, using experimentally measured IC-50 cell line data and third, using clinical patient survival data. Results: We demonstrated that the automated text mining was able to successfully assess the relation between cancer types and anti-cancer drugs. All validation methods showed a good correspondence between the results from literature mining and independent confirmatory approaches. The relation between most frequent cancer types and drugs employed for their treatment were visualized in a large heatmap. All results are accessible in an interactive web-based knowledge base using the following link: . Conclusions: Our approach is able to assess the relations between compounds and cancer types in an automated manner. Both, cancer types and compounds could be grouped into different clusters. Researchers can use the interactive knowledge base to inspect the presented results and follow their own research questions, for example the identification of novel indication areas for known drugs. KW - Literature mining KW - Anti-cancer drugs KW - Tumor types KW - Word embeddings KW - Database Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-02941-z SN - 1479-5876 VL - 19 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bauer, Hartmut A1 - Häde, Ulrich A1 - Bickenbach, Christian A1 - Brünneck von, Alexander A1 - Haack, Stefan A1 - Hebeler, Timo A1 - Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo ED - Peine, Franz-Joseph T1 - Landesrecht Brandenburg BT - Studienbuch T3 - Nomos Studienbuch N2 - Das Studienbuch stellt in übersichtlicher und systematischer Form die wichtigsten ausbildungsrelevanten Teile des brandenburgischen Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsrechts dar. Die Autoren gehen auf die für Examen und Praxis relevanten Kerngebiete (Verfassungsrecht, Verwaltungsorganisationsrecht, Kommunalrecht, Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht und Bauordnungsrecht) unter Einbeziehung von Rechtsprechung und Literatur ein. Zahlreiche Beispiele vereinfachen das Verständnis und Klausurhinweise schärfen den Blick für fehlerträchtige Fragestellungen. KW - Bauordnung Brandenburg KW - Bauordnungsrecht KW - Bebauungsplan KW - Brandenburg KW - Brandenburgisches Landesrecht KW - Gefahrenabwehr KW - Gemeinde KW - Gemeindeverfassungsrecht KW - Gemeindeverwaltungsrecht KW - Landesplanung KW - Landesrecht KW - Landesrecht Brandenburg KW - Landkreis KW - Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht KW - Raumordnung KW - Verfassungsrecht Brandenburg KW - Verwaltungsorganisation KW - Verwaltungsverfahrensrecht Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8487-6334-4 SN - 978-3-7489-0442-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748904427 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ET - 4. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baum, Katharina A1 - Meissner, Stefan A1 - Krasnova, Hanna T1 - Partisan self-interest is an important driver for people’s support for the regulation of targeted political advertising JF - PLoS one N2 - The rapid emergence of online targeted political advertising has raised concerns over data privacy and what the government's response should be. This paper tested and confirmed the hypothesis that public attitudes toward stricter regulation of online targeted political advertising are partially motivated by partisan self-interest. We conducted an experiment using an online survey of 1549 Americans who identify as either Democrats or Republicans. Our findings show that Democrats and Republicans believe that online targeted political advertising benefits the opposing party. This belief is based on their conviction that their political opponents are more likely to be mobilized by online targeted political advertising than are supporters of their own party. We exogenously manipulated partisan self-interest considerations of a random subset of participants by truthfully informing them that, in the past, online targeted political advertising has benefited Republicans. Our findings show that Republicans informed about this had less favorable attitudes toward regulation than did their uninformed co-partisans. This suggests that Republicans' attitudes regarding stricter regulation are based not solely on concerns about privacy violations, but also, in part, are caused by beliefs about partisan advantage. The results imply that people are willing to accept violations of their privacy if their preferred party benefits from the use of online targeted political advertising. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250506 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 16 IS - 5 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Baumann, Jürgen A1 - Weber, Ulrich A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang A1 - Eisele, Jörg T1 - Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil BT - Lehrbuch KW - Allgemeiner Teil KW - Deutschland KW - Strafrecht Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.juris.de/perma?d=clarice-OVS-HB-STAT-T0000&psml=jurisw.psml&max=true&action=JLoginUser&username=HEBISUP.autologin SN - 978-3-7694-1246-8 PB - Verlag Ernst und Werner Gieseking GmbH CY - Bielefeld ET - 13., neu bearbeitete ER -