TY - JOUR A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Premke, Katrin A1 - Hornick, Thomas A1 - Hilt, Sabine A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Ecosystem-level studies of terrestrial carbon reveal contrasting bacterial metabolism in different aquatic habitats JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - In aquatic systems, terrestrial dissolved organic matter (t-DOM) is known to stimulate bacterial activities in the water column, but simultaneous effects of autumnal leaf input on water column and sediment microbial dynamics in littoral zones of lakes remain largely unknown. The study's objective was to determine the effects of leaf litter on bacterial metabolism in the littoral water and sediment, and subsequently, the consequences for carbon cycling and food web dynamics. Therefore, in late fall, we simultaneously measured water and sediment bacterial metabolism in the littoral zone of a temperate shallow lake after adding terrestrial particulate organic matter (t-POM), namely, maize leaves. To better evaluate bacterial production (BP) and community respiration (CR) in sediments, we incubated sediment cores with maize leaves of different quality (nonleached and leached) under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, to quantify the incorporated leaf carbon into microbial biomass, we determined carbon isotopic ratios of fatty acids from sediment and leaf-associated microbes from a laboratory experiment using C-13-enriched beech leaves. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased significantly in the lake after the addition of maize leaves, accompanied by a significant increase in water BP. In contrast, sediment BP declined after an initial peak, showing no positive response to t-POM addition. Sediment BP and CR were also not stimulated by t-POM in the laboratory experiment, either in short-term or in long-term incubations, except for a short increase in CR after 18 hours. However, this increase might have reflected the metabolism of leaf-associated microorganisms. We conclude that the leached t-DOM is actively incorporated into microbial biomass in the water column but that the settling leached t-POM (t-POML) does not enter the food web via sediment bacteria. Consequently, t-POML is either buried in the sediment or introduced into the aquatic food web via microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) directly associated with t-POML and via benthic macroinvertebrates by shredding of t-POML. The latter pathway represents a benthic shortcut which efficiently transfers t-POML to higher trophic levels. KW - bacterial production KW - carbon turnover KW - community respiration KW - leaf litter KW - phospholipid-derived fatty acid KW - PLFA KW - Schulzensee KW - Germany KW - sediments KW - shallow lakes KW - stable isotopes KW - terrestrial subsidies Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0420.1 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 94 IS - 12 SP - 2754 EP - 2766 PB - Wiley CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahro, Berno T1 - Can sport form a National-Socialist elite? The example of SS Sports JF - The international journal of the history of sport KW - Germany KW - National Socialism KW - Schutzstaffel (SS, Protection Squadron) KW - sport and race KW - elite sports Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.922546 SN - 0952-3367 SN - 1743-9035 VL - 31 IS - 12 SP - 1462 EP - 1477 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barabasz, Adam T1 - Die polnische Presse über die Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament 2004 und 2009 BT - eine vergleichende Analyse JF - WeltTrends-Papiere N2 - Inhalt: Die Wahlkampagne zum Europaparlament 2004 ; Die Wahlkampagne zum Europaparlament 2009 ; Zusammenfassung ; Literatur KW - Polen KW - Europäische Union KW - Deutschland KW - Integration KW - Vertiefung KW - Poland KW - European Union KW - Germany KW - Integration KW - Consolidation Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63075 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 15 SP - 175 EP - 195 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Drastig, Katrin A1 - Lichtenfeld, Anna-Ulrike A1 - Jost, Leonie A1 - Claas, Peter T1 - Assessment of irrigation scheduling systems in Germany BT - survey of the users and comparative study JF - Irrigation and drainage N2 - In Germany, the irrigation sector accounts for only 1% of water use. In recent years, however, this sector has attracted more attention due to the occurrence of severe drought periods. Irrigation scheduling systems could support adaptation strategies but little is known about current providers, performance and users. In this study we aimed to depict the current situation of the existence and functioning of irrigation scheduling systems available in Germany. Six methods were identified and assessed based on direct interviews with end-users and a comparative analysis. The results showed a positive feedback from the users. However, the recommendations were rarely implemented, while only the seasonal irrigation requirement was considered to support actual water abstraction. These results were corroborated by the comparative analysis. Five of the six irrigation scheduling systems estimated the seasonal irrigation amount consistently, while wider differences were found by looking at the irrigation season and at the number of irrigations. Overall, it is found that irrigation support systems are valuable tools for supporting adaptation strategies to fast changes in agro-environmental conditions. However, specific assessments based on real measurements should be considered in order to improve the performance of the systems and provide more consistent support to end-users. (c) 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KW - irrigation KW - modelling systems KW - surveys KW - assessment KW - Germany Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2337 SN - 1531-0353 SN - 1531-0361 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 520 EP - 530 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Thomas T1 - „Back to the Future“ : German style KW - Deutschland KW - deutsche Außenpolitik KW - Realpolitik KW - Zentraleuropa KW - Germany KW - German foreign policy KW - Central Europe Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47434 ER - TY - THES A1 - Biewald, Anne T1 - A dynamic life cycle model for Germany with unemployment uncertainty T1 - Ein dynamisch, stochastisches Lebenszyklusmodell für Deutschland mit Beschäftigungsunsicherheit N2 - This work analyzes the saving and consumption behavior of agents faced with the possibility of unemployment in a dynamic and stochastic life cycle model. The intertemporal optimization is based on Dynamic Programming with a backward recursion algorithm. The implemented uncertainty is not based on income shocks as it is done in traditional life cycle models but uses Markov probabilities where the probability for the next employment status of the agent depends on the current status. The utility function used is a CRRA function (constant relative risk aversion), combined with a CES function (constant elasticity of substitution) and has several consumption goods, a subsistence level, money and a bequest function. N2 - Diese Arbeit modelliert das Spar- und Konsumverhalten von Individuen in Deutschland mit einem Lebenszyklusmodell. Dabei hat das Modell zwei Besonderheiten, erstens trifft die Möglichkeit arbeitslos zu werden nicht jeden Agenten des Models mit der gleichen Wahrscheinlichkeit, sondern wird von Bildungsabschluss und dem Beschäftigungsstatus des Agenten beeinflußt und zweitens weicht die verwendete Nutzenfunktion von den Standardnutzenfunktionen ab und implementiert Vererbung, Geld, verschiedene Güter und Subsistenzlevel. Der Optimierungsalgorithmus basiert auf Dynamischer Programmierung. KW - Lebenszyklusmodell KW - Deutschland KW - Arbeitslosigkeit KW - Markov Wahrscheinlichkeiten KW - Sparraten KW - life cycle model KW - Germany KW - unemployment KW - markov chains KW - saving rates Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33111 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bloom, Aurica T1 - Europäisierung nationalstaatlicher Politik BT - Probleme der Zivilgesellschaft Polens JF - WeltTrends-Papiere N2 - Inhalt: Die Zivilgesellschaft Polens ; Worin liegen die Ursachen? ; Empowerment durch Europäisierung ; Finanzielle Unterstützung durch die EU ; New modes of governance – Neue Formen der Kooperation? ; Europäische Gesetzgebung vs. nationalstaatliche Politik ; Erfolge für sexuelle Minderheiten in Polen ; Zusammenfassung ; Literatur KW - Polen KW - Europäische Union KW - Deutschland KW - Integration KW - Vertiefung KW - Poland KW - European Union KW - Germany KW - Integration KW - Consolidation Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63090 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 15 SP - 215 EP - 233 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogumil, Jörg A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Tanguy, Gildas ED - Eymeri-Douzans, Jean-Michel T1 - Territorial administration in Germany BT - institutional variants, reforms, and actors at the meso-level of government T2 - Prefects, governors and commissioners : territorial representatives of the state in Europe N2 - This chapter outlines the organization and allocation of functions at the meso-level of government in Germany (states/Länder administrations). Furthermore, we shed light on the carriers and qualification profiles of the top bureaucrats in meso-level administrations. These high-rank territorial administrators/executives—state appointed heads of administrative districts (Regierungspräsidenten) on the one hand, elected heads of county administrations (Landräte) on the other hand—can be regarded as the German ‘equivalents’ of the prefects in countries with a Napoleonic administrative tradition. Finally, we analyse major reforms that have led to (at times, profound) transformations in territorial administrations, raising the question of to what extent alternative models of territorial bundling and coordination functions are sound and sustainable. KW - Germany KW - territorial administration KW - meso-level of government KW - institutional change Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-59395-7 SN - 978-3-030-59396-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59396-4_15 SP - 327 EP - 352 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohlken, Jens A1 - Schulz, Mandy A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Baetzing-Feigenbaum, Joerg T1 - Pharmacotherapy of dementia in Germany: Results from a nationwide claims database JF - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - In 2011, about 1.1-1.4 million patients with dementia were living in Germany, a number expected to rise to three million by 2050. Dementia poses a major challenge to the healthcare system and neuropharmacological service provision. The aim of this study was to determine prescription rates for anti-dementia drugs as well as for neuroleptics, sedative-hypnotics and antidepressants in dementia using the complete nationwide outpatient claims data pertaining to the services of statutory health insurance. We controlled for gender, age, dementia diagnosis, physician specialty (general practitioner GP versus neuropsychiatry specialist physician NPSP), and rural and urban living area. In about one million prevalent dementia patients (N=1,014,710) in 2011, the prescription prevalence rate of anti-dementia drugs was 24.6%; it varied with gender, age, and diagnosis (highest in Alzheimer's disease; 42%), and was higher in patients treated by NPSPs (48% vs. 25% in GPs). At the same time, we found an alarmingly high rate of treatment with neuroleptics in dementia patients (35%), with an only slightly decreased risk in patients treated exclusively by NPSPs (OR=0.86). We found marginal differences between rural and urban areas. Our results show that the majority of anti-dementia drug prescriptions appear guideline-oriented, yet prescription rates are overall comparatively low. On the other hand, neuroleptic drugs, which are associated with excess morbidity and mortality in dementia, were prescribed very frequently, suggesting excess use given current guidelines. We therefore suggest that guideline implementation measures and increasing quality control procedures are needed with respect to the pharmacotherapy of this vulnerable population. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR All rights reserved. KW - Psychotropics KW - Drug prescription KW - Germany Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.014 SN - 0924-977X SN - 1873-7862 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 2333 EP - 2338 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Botsch, Gideon T1 - Taking nativism to the streets BT - historical perspectives on right-wing extremist protest campaigns against immigration in germany JF - Moving the social N2 - In this article, I give an overview on nativist street protests in Germany from the early nineteenth century to the present from an historical perspective. In a preliminary re-mark, I will reflect on some recent developments in Germany, where nativist protest campaigns against immigration took place in the streets when voters were turning towards the populist radical right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). In the first section, I will outline an older tradition of anti-immigration protest in nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany, which is closely connected to modern antisemitism. In sections two and three, I will retrace how, from the late 1960s onward, the far right in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) discovered concerns about immigra-tion in the German population, addressed them in protest campaigns and developed narratives to integrate such sentiments into a broader right-wing extremist ideology, itself deeply rooted in antisemitism. Studying nativism and the radical right from an actor-oriented perspective, I will focus on traditionalist movements, including the Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) and neo-Nazi groups. KW - Antisemitism KW - racism KW - nativism KW - radical KW - right parties and movements KW - protest KW - violence KW - terrorism KW - Germany KW - nineteenth and twentieth century KW - history Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8375-2491-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46586/mts.66.2021.43-62 SN - 2197-0386 SN - 2197-0394 VL - 66 SP - 43 EP - 62 PB - Institute for Social Movements CY - Bochum ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Alexander T1 - Alte These – neuer Aufguss JF - WeltTrends-Papiere KW - Außenpolitik KW - Interessen KW - Deutschland KW - foreign Policy KW - national interests KW - Germany Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62788 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 20 SP - 34 EP - 37 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bruhn, Anja A1 - Huschka, Denis A1 - Wagner, Gert G. T1 - Naming and war in modern Germany JF - Names : a journal of onomastics N2 - This paper analyzes naming behavior in Germany in the context of rapid social change. It begins with an overview of general developments in naming in Germany over the last one hundred years, based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), which supplies us with almost 45,000 datasets. The paper focuses on the periods of World War II and the Cold War since we conclude that general developments in naming were disrupted by these two phenomena. Wartime brings accelerated social change in its wake and people react to this social change - often on an apparently individual level. Here, our findings are in accordance with established sociological theories. KW - naming KW - World War II KW - Cold War KW - Germany KW - SOEP Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1179/0027773812Z.00000000011 SN - 0027-7738 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 74 EP - 89 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Leeds ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bunde, Tobias A1 - Oroz, Adrian T1 - Warten auf Godot JF - WeltTrends-Papiere KW - Außenpolitik KW - Interessen KW - Deutschland KW - foreign Policy KW - national interests KW - Germany Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62768 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 20 SP - 26 EP - 29 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Buras, Piotr T1 - 1945 und die Polen T1 - Poland and the year 1945 N2 - The current series of anniversaries concerning World War II raise the question of how Poland is coming to terms with its past. The article summarises the ongoing Polish debate about the Warsaw Uprising and the changing perspectives on Polish history in society and political circles. The discussion about Poland’s view on its own past has great influence on recent foreign political relations, e.g. with Germany, the Ukraine, or Russia. KW - Polen KW - Deutschland KW - 2. Weltkrieg KW - Poland KW - Germany KW - World War II Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9747 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busch, Christoph T1 - Rechtsradikale Vernetzung im Internet T1 - Right wing extremists’ networking on the internet N2 - This article asks how the internet has been contributing to the trans-national networking of the radical right and whether the radical right has the capacity to act as a trans-national movement. Taking into account language difficulties, the ideological background of ultra- nationalism and internal disputes, the analysis shows that the radical right-wing transnational networking has hardly developed. Additionally, its internet users’ potential is too low to contribute to a stronger trans-national alignment. The obstacles remain despite improved technological possibilities. This is proven by empirical examples of virtual trans-national networks. KW - Internet KW - Rechtsradikalität KW - soziale Bewegung KW - USA KW - Deutschland KW - Internet KW - radical right KW - social movements KW - USA KW - Germany Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9772 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busse, Sabine T1 - Für ein Voranschreiten der deutschen Realität : ein Plädoyer für verantwortungsvollen Pragmatismus T1 - For a progress of the German reality : a plea for a responsible pragmatism N2 - Galt vor 1990 das ungeschriebene Gesetz, dass 1948/49 die Bundesrepublik nicht als Staat auf der Suche nach einer eigenen Außenpolitik, sondern als Ergebnis amerikanischer Außenpolitik auf der Suche nach einem Staat gegründet wurde, stellt Deutschland heute immer weniger ein Stück Amerika mitten in Europa dar. Die neue „Berliner Realität“ beinhaltet also die Tatsache, dass Deutschland nicht mehr Objekt der weltgeschichtlichen Situation ist, „sondern auch Subjekt, verantwortlich für weit mehr als das eigene Schicksal“5. Der damit verbundenen Verantwortung kann sich Deutschland nicht entziehen. Es ist deshalb an der Zeit, für einen deutschen Pragmatismus zu plädieren, der weniger von tagespolitischen Erwägungen geprägt sein sollte, sondern mit Werten (wie Verantwortungsbewusstsein und Ehrlichkeit) und Zielen (wie wirtschaftlicher Wohlstand und Sicherheit) unterfüttert werden muss. Daraus ergeben sich außenpolitische Visionen, die das Handeln der Politiker antreiben und legitimieren. Mittelfristig können diese deutschen außenpolitischen Visionen immer mehr mit denen der anderen 24 EU-Mitgliedstaaten verschmelzen, sodass hier tatsächlich eine gewisse Überwindung der Nationalstaaten – aber eben nur innerhalb der EU – zu beobachten wäre. Allerdings würde sich an diese Entwicklung unmittelbar die Frage anschließen, ob die neue europäische Selbstbestimmung nur im Verhältnis zu den USA zu gewinnen, oder ob sie nicht viel weit reichender zu formulieren ist. KW - Außenpolitik KW - Deutschland KW - Foreign policy KW - Germany Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46588 ER - TY - THES A1 - Buß, Claudia T1 - Instrumente der Bürgerbeteiligung in Städten T1 - Instruments of civic participation in cities BT - ein Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich BT - a comparison between France and Germany N2 - Die vergleichende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Bürgerbeteiligung in Städten in Deutschland und Frankreich. In den letzten 20 Jahren haben sich die Formen lokaler Demokratie immer wieder verändert und sich den örtlichen Gegebenheiten angepasst. Das Interesse der Bürger, Verwaltung und politisch gewählten Vertreter an Partizipation wächst stetig . Das heißt aber auch, dass sich diese 3 Akteure den neuen Strukturen anpassen und eigene Strategien entwickeln müssen. Die demokratischen Formen der kooperativen bzw. partizipativen Demokratie werden immer häufiger angewandt. Diese Arbeit evaluiert die verschiedenen Bürgerbeteiligungsinstrumente in Frankreich und Deutschland in dem zwischen Input, Output und Outcome unterschieden wird. Insbesondere die Bürgerhaushalte, Beiräte und Quartiersräte werden genauer betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erste Hinweise in welche demokratische Richtung sich die deutschen Städte künftig entwickeln. N2 - This thesis work compares civic participation in French and German urban communities. Over the last 20 years, democracy in these communities has taken different forms, continually adapting to local conditions. Citizens, administration, and elected politicians gain interest in participation. However, this requires the three players to adapt to the new structures and develop independent strategies. Participatory and cooperative democracy become more common. This thesis evaluates different instruments of civic participation in France and Germany by distinguishing between Input, Output, and Outcome. In particular, I focus on participatory budgets, advisory boards and participatory neighborhood councils/'District Committee's. The results provide insights into the future development of democracy in German cities. KW - Bürgerbeteiligung KW - Stadt KW - Reformen KW - Bürgerhaushalt KW - Quartiersrat KW - Demokratie KW - Beirat KW - Frankreich KW - Kräftedreieck KW - civic participation KW - France KW - Germany KW - participatory budget KW - local affairs KW - modernization KW - administration Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88888 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bösch, Frank T1 - Taming Nuclear Power BT - the Accident near Harrisburg and the Change in West German and International Nuclear Policy in the 1970s and early 1980s JF - German history : the journal of the German History Societ N2 - In 2011 a broad majority in the German Federal Parliament voted to abandon nuclear energy. This article explores the origins of the change in attitude towards nuclear energy and argues that seven years before the Chernobyl disaster, the accident at the U.S. power plant Three Mile Island near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1979, had a profound impact which nowadays seems to be largely forgotten in Europe. The article identifies the structural causes underlying the transnational reception of the Three Mile Island accident and explores international reactions, particularly in the Federal Republic of Germany. The accident near Harrisburg led to a loss of public confidence and created unease about nuclear expansion in many industrialized nations. Reactions to the accident can be understood as an attempt to tame nuclear energy both technically, by increasing safety measures and abandoning plans for new nuclear power stations, and politically, with a more critical appraisal of nuclear energy and with semantics that encouraged a long-term withdrawal from nuclear power. Critics were now also accepted as experts. Nuclear policy in all countries became closely dependent on public opinion, indicating a high level of political responsiveness. Various factors, however, including the contemporaneous oil crisis put the brakes on this critical approach to nuclear power, while safety improvements and the limited expansion of nuclear power created new confidence in the early 1980s. KW - Nuclear energy KW - experts KW - social movements KW - media KW - 1970s KW - Germany Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghw143 SN - 0266-3554 SN - 1477-089X VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 95 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Büchs, Milena T1 - EU-Beschäftigungsstrategie : Effektiv und demokratisch? T1 - The EU employment strategy : Effective and democratic? N2 - The European Employment Strategy (EES) belongs to the European Union’s „softer“, legally non-binding policy instruments. Many politicians and academics associated its introduction with the expectation for a strengthening of the EU’s social dimension and democratic quality. This article examines whether, so far, the EES can be regarded as effective and legitimate. To illustrate this, the author briefly examines the role of the EES for the development of labour market policy in Germany and the UK. KW - Europäische Union KW - europäische Beschäftigungsstrategie KW - Arbeitsmarkt KW - Deutschland KW - Vereintes Königreich KW - European Union KW - European employment strategy KW - labour market KW - Germany KW - United Kingdom Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47829 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Campbell, Edwina S. T1 - Berlin : look to the world! N2 - In the spring 2004 issue of WeltTrends, Professor Gunther Hellmann made a „plea for offensive idealism“ and „against the power political resocialization of German foreign policy“. To a long-time outside observer of that foreign policy, this plea is unsurprising, but depressing. In keeping with Professor Hellmann’s own willingness, „notwendige Differenzierungen [zu] vernachlässigen zugunsten einer bewussten Zuspitzung“ I will comment on the aspects of his argument that strike an American colleague as particularly disturbing. KW - Deutschland KW - Außenpolitik KW - Resozialisierung KW - Germany KW - foreign policy KW - resocialisation Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46591 ER - TY - THES A1 - Chemeta, David T1 - Nation, migration, narration T1 - Nation, Migration, Narration T1 - Nation, migration, narration BT - 25 ans d'histoire allemande et française vus par les rappeurs issus de l'immigration BT - 25 Jahre deutscher und französischer Geschichte in den Augen von Rappern mit Migrationshintergrund BT - 25 years of French and German history in the eyes of rappers with migration backgrounds N2 - In France and in Germany, immigration as become one of the main issues in the past decades. In this context rose also the rap music. It has a huge popularity for young people with migration background. However rappers do write a lot about their French or German identity. The goal of this work is to explain the paradox : how can people with migration background, expressing critics against the racism they regard as omnipresent, still feel fully French/German? We divided the work between following chapters: Context, methodology and theories (I); analysis of different identity forms within the text corpus (II); analysis of the way rappers see their society in three chronological steps (III-V); case studies of Kery James in France and Samy Deluxe in Germany (VI). N2 - In Frankreich sowie in Deutschland ist die Einwanderung in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer der wichtigsten gesellschaftlichen Themen geworden. Zur gleichen Zeit entstand auch die Rap-Musik, welche eine große Popularität bei Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund genießt. Jedoch thematisieren Rapper mit Migrationshintergrund in Frankreich wie in Deutschland ihre Nationalidentität immer öfter. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, folgendes Paradoxon zu erklären: wie können sich Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund völlig französisch/deutsch fühlen, obwohl sie eine starke Kritik am Rassismus äußern, den sie als gesellschaftlich prägend betrachten? Diese Arbeit wurde in folgende Kapitel unterteilt: Kontext, Methodik und Theorien (I); Analyse der verschiedenen Identitätsformen im Textkorpus (II); Analyse der Art und Weise, wie Rapper die Gesellschaft sehen, in drei chronologischen Etappen (III-V); Fallstudien von Kery James in Frankreich und Samy Deluxe in Deutschland (VI). N2 - En France et en Allemagne, l’immigration est devenue dans les dernières décennies une problématique centrale. C’est dans ce contexte qu’est apparu le rap. Celui-ci connaît une popularité énorme chez les populations issues de l’immigration. Pour autant, les rappeurs ne s’en confrontent pas moins à leur identité française ou allemande. Le but de ce travail est d’expliquer cette apparente contradiction : comment des personnes issues de l’immigration, exprimant un mal-être face à un racisme qu’ils considèrent omniprésent, peuvent-elles se sentir pleinement françaises / allemandes ? On a divisé le travail entre les chapitres suivants : Contexte de l'étude, méthodologie et théories (I) ; Analyse des différentes formes d’identité nationale au prisme du corpus (II) ; Analyse en trois étapes chronologiques du rapport à la société dans les textes des rappeurs (III-V) ; étude de cas de Kery James en France et Samy Deluxe en Allemagne (VI). KW - immigration KW - national identity KW - postcolonial studies KW - identity KW - Germany KW - rap KW - hiphop KW - Einwanderung KW - Nationalidentität KW - Postkolonialismus KW - Identität KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich KW - Rap KW - HipHop KW - immigration KW - identité nationale KW - études postcoloniales KW - idéntité KW - Allemagne KW - rap KW - hiphop Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518308 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Chinalski, Maciej T1 - Regional Governance in der Oder-Partnerschaft T1 - Regional Governance in Oder-Partnership N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit analysiert Maciej Chinalski den Regional Governance Ansatz und seine praktische Umsetzung in den Europäischen Grenzregionen zwischen Deutschland und Polen (Oder-Partnerschaft) sowie im Vierländereck von Österreich, Ungarn, Tschechien und Slowakei (Centrope-Region). Regional Governance gilt als eine Kooperationsform unterschiedlicher regionaler Akteure, die nach neuen Synergien suchen, um ihre Zusammenarbeit voranzutreiben. Eine Region wird dabei als Raum verstärkter Interaktionen zwischen Staat, Zivilgesellschaft und Wirtschaft verstanden. T3 - WeltTrends Thesis - 8 KW - Centrope-Region KW - EU KW - Regionalpolitik KW - Deutsch-polnische Beziehungen KW - Deutschland KW - Polen KW - Centrope-Region KW - EU KW - regional policy KW - german-polish relations KW - Germany KW - Poland Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39248 SN - 978-3-86956-030-4 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Churska-Nowak, Karolina A1 - Fojutowski, Łukasz T1 - Polnische und europäische Erfahrungen in der Parteienfinanzierung JF - WeltTrends-Papiere N2 - Inhalt: Gründe für das Entstehen der Parteienfinanzierung aus dem Staatshaushalt ; Argumente für und gegen die Haushaltsfinanzierung politischer Parteien ; Finanzierung politischer Parteien in Polen nach 1989 ; Die Diskussion über das System der Finanzierung politischer Parteien in Polen ; Zusammenfassung ; Literatur KW - Polen KW - Europäische Union KW - Deutschland KW - Integration KW - Vertiefung KW - Poland KW - European Union KW - Germany KW - Integration KW - Consolidation Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63084 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 15 SP - 197 EP - 213 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cichocki, Marek A. T1 - Der hohe Preis der Macht T1 - The big price of power KW - Deutschland KW - deutsche Außenpolitik KW - Realpolitik KW - Zentraleuropa KW - Germany KW - German foreign policy KW - Central Europe Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47445 ER - TY - THES A1 - Danken, Thomas T1 - Coordination of wicked problems T1 - Koordination vertrackter Probleme BT - comparing inter-departmental coordination of demographic change policies in five German states BT - Vergleich interministerieller Koordination der Demografiepolitik in fünf ostdeutschen Ländern N2 - The thesis focuses on the inter-departmental coordination of adaptation and mitigation of demographic change in East Germany. All Eastern German States (Länder) have set up inter-departmental committees (IDCs) that are expected to deliver joint strategies to tackle demographic change. IDCs provide an organizational setting for potential positive coordination, i.e. a joint approach to problem solving that pools and utilizes the expertise of many departments in a constructive manner from the very beginning. Whether they actually achieve positive coordination is contested within the academic debate. This motivates the first research question of this thesis: Do IDCs achieve positive coordination? Interdepartmental committees and their role in horizontal coordination within the core executive triggered interest among scholars already more than fifty years ago. However, we don’t know much about their actual importance for the inter-departmental preparation of cross-cutting policies. Until now, few studies can be found that analyzes inter-departmental committees in a comparative way trying to identify whether they achieve positive coordination and what factors shape the coordination process and output of IDCs. Each IDC has a chair organization that is responsible for managing the interactions within the IDCs. The chair organization is important, because it organizes and structures the overall process of coordination in the IDC. Consequently, the chair of an IDC serves as the main boundary-spanner and therefore has remarkable influence by arranging meetings and the work schedule or by distributing internal roles. Interestingly, in the German context we find two organizational approaches: while some states decided to put a line department (e.g. Department of Infrastructure) in charge of managing the IDC, others rely on the State Chancelleries, i.e. the center of government. This situation allows for comparative research design that can address the role of the State Chancellery in inter-departmental coordination of cross-cutting policies. This is relevant, because the role of the center is crucial when studying coordination within central government. The academic debate on the center of government in the German politico-administrative system is essentially divided into two camps. One camp claims that the center can improve horizontal coordination and steer cross-cutting policy-making more effectively, while the other camp points to limits to central coordination due to departmental autonomy. This debate motivates the second research question of this thesis: Does the State Chancellery as chair organization achieve positive coordination in IDCs? The center of government and its role in the German politic-administrative system has attracted academic attention already in the 1960s and 1970s. There is a research desiderate regarding the center’s role during the inter-departmental coordination process. There are only few studies that explicitly analyze centers of government and their role in coordination of cross-cutting policies, although some single case studies have been published. This gap in the academic debate will be addressed by the answer to the second research question. The dependent variable of this study is the chair organization of IDCs. The value of this variable is dichotomous: either an IDC is chaired by a Line department or by a State Chancellery. We are interested whether this variable has an effect on two dependent variables. First, we will analyze the coordination process, i.e. interaction among bureaucrats within the IDC. Second, the focus of this thesis will be on the coordination result, i.e. the demography strategies that are produced by the respective IDCs. In terms of the methodological approach, this thesis applies a comparative case study design based on a most-similar-systems logic. The German Federalism is quite suitable for such designs. Since the institutional framework largely is the same across all states, individual variables and their effect can be isolated and plausibly analyzed. To further control for potential intervening variables, we will limit our case selection to states located in East Germany, because the demographic situation is most problematic in the Eastern part of Germany, i.e. there is a equal problem pressure. Consequently, we will analyze five cases: Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt (line department) and Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Saxony (State Chancellery). There is no grand coordination theory that is ready to be applied to our case studies. Therefore, we need to tailor our own approach. Our assumption is that the individual chair organization has an effect on the coordination process and output of IDCs, although all cases are embedded in the same institutional setting, i.e. the German politico-administrative system. Therefore, we need an analytical approach than incorporates institutionalist and agency-based arguments. Therefore, this thesis will utilize Actor-Centered Institutionalism (ACI). Broadly speaking, ACI conceptualizes actors’ behavior as influenced - but not fully determined - by institutions. Since ACI is rather abstract we need to adapt it for the purpose of this thesis. Line Departments and State Chancelleries will be modeled as distinct actors with different action orientations and capabilities to steer the coordination process. However, their action is embedded within the institutional context of governments, which we will conceptualize as being comprised of regulative (formal rules) and normative (social norms) elements. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit interministerieller Koordination der Demografiepolitik in ostdeutschen Ländern. Alle ostdeutschen Länder haben interministerielle Arbeitsgruppen (IMAGs) eingerichtet, die von der jeweiligen Landesregierung beauftragt wurden, ressortübergreifende Strategien zur Bewältigung der Folgen des demografischen Wandels zu erarbeiten. IMAGs bieten potentiell einen organisatorischen Rahmen für das Gelingen positiver Koordination, also der ressortübergreifenden Bearbeitung interdependenter Problemstellungen. Ob sie jedoch tatsächlich positive Koordination herbeiführen, ist innerhalb der akademischen Debatte umstritten, was die Motivation für die erste Forschungsfrage darstellt: Führen IMAGs zu positiver Koordination? IMAGs haben bereits vor fünfzig Jahren akademische Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Dennoch ist über ihren Beitrag zur Vorbereitung ressortübergreifender Programme kaum etwas bekannt. Bislang haben nur wenige Arbeiten IMAGs in vergleichender Perspektive behandelt. Somit fehlt es an Wissen zu Determinanten des Koordinationsprozesses und –ergebnisses interministerieller Arbeitsgruppen. Jeweils einer Organisation obliegt die Federführung für die jeweilige IMAG. Die federführende Einheit kann erheblichen Einfluss ausüben, da sie den Koordinationsprozess strukturiert und organisiert. Interessanterweise haben die ostdeutschen Bundesländer zwei unterschiedliche organisatorische Modelle gewählt: Entweder obliegt die Federführung der entsprechenden IMAG einem Fachministerien oder der Staatskanzlei des entsprechenden Landes. Diese Situation erlaubt ein vergleichendes Untersuchungsdesign, das die Rolle von Staatskanzleien im Prozess ressortübergreifender Politikformulierung im politisch-administrativen System Deutschlands zu untersuchen erlaubt. Die akademische Debatte im Hinblick darauf lässt sich etwas zugespitzt in zwei Lager teilen: Während das erste Lager argumentiert, die Regierungszentrale könne horizontale Koordination verbessern und zur effektiveren Steuerung ressortübergreifenden Politikformulierung beitragen, rekurriert das zweite Lager auf die Dominanz des verfassungsrechtlichen Ressortprinzip und geht von einer klaren Begrenzung der Steuerungskapazität von Regierungszentralen aus. Dies motiviert die zweite Forschungsfrage der vorliegenden Arbeit: Erreicht Federführung durch Staatskanzleien positive Koordination in IMAGs? Obwohl die Regierungszentrale schon frühzeitig Gegenstand verwaltungs- und politikwissenschaftlicher Forschung war, finden sich kaum Arbeiten, die explizit die Rolle von Staatskanzlei im Prozess der Formulierung ressortübergreifender Programme thematisieren. Die unabhängige Variable dieser Untersuchung ist die federführende Organisation einer IMAG (Staatskanzlei oder Fachministerium). Die abhängigen Variablen sind einerseits der Koordinationsprozess innerhalb von IMAGs als auch das entsprechende Koordinationsergebnis in Form ressortübergreifender Strategien zur Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels. Das Untersuchungsdesign entspricht einem most-similar-systems Ansatz. So finden sich in allen untersuchten Fällen Koalitionsregierungen, ein ähnlicher Problemdruck in Hinblick auf demografische Entwicklungen sowie ein nahezu identischer institutionelle Rahmen für Koordination. Der Einfluss der unabhängigen auf die abhängigen Variablen kann damit plausiblen isoliert werden. Die Studie untersucht IMAGs in den Ländern Thüringen, Sachsen-Anhalt (Federführung bei einem Fachministerium), Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Sachsen (Federführung bei der Staatskanzlei). Die Arbeit nutzt den akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus als analytischen Rahmen. Dieser erlaubt Koordinationsprozesse sowohl in Hinblick auf ihre institutionelle Einbettung zu untersuchen, die Rolle intentional handelnder Akteure mit unterschiedlichen Handlungsorientierungen und -möglichkeiten aus dem Blick zu verlieren. KW - coordination KW - wicked problems KW - demographic change KW - interdepartmental committee KW - Germany KW - Koordination KW - vertrackte Probleme KW - demografischer Wandel KW - interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396766 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Brito, Mariana Madruga A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Marx, Andreas T1 - Near-real-time drought impact assessment BT - a text mining approach on the 2018/19 drought in Germany JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Contemporary drought impact assessments have been constrained due to data availability, leading to an incomplete representation of impact trends. To address this, we present a novel method for the comprehensive and near-real-time monitoring of drought socio-economic impacts based on media reports. We tested its application using the case of the exceptional 2018/19 German drought. By employing text mining techniques, 4839 impact statements were identified, relating to livestock, agriculture, forestry, fires, recreation, energy and transport sectors. An accuracy of 95.6% was obtained for their automatic classification. Furthermore, high levels of performance in terms of spatial and temporal precision were found when validating our results against independent data (e.g. soil moisture, average precipitation, population interest in droughts, crop yield and forest fire statistics). The findings highlight the applicability of media data for rapidly and accurately monitoring the propagation of drought consequences over time and space. We anticipate our method to be used as a starting point for an impact-based early warning system. KW - drought impacts KW - Germany KW - text analytics KW - newspaper KW - validation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba4ca SN - 1748-9326 VL - 15 IS - 10 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Deimer, Klaus T1 - Niedriglohn und soziale Sicherung T1 - Low wages and social insurance N2 - In the need to reform the German labour market, the so-called ‚Hartz IV’- Act cut down subsidies for unemployed people in order to increase the pressure for searching for a new job. By law, low-paid jobs shall be introduced. However, even if this creates employment, there will be a future problem: pensions for these people will dramatically drop below the poverty line. The author argues that, in order to avoid such ‘poverty-traps’, an alternative social support system should be considered: a ‘tax transfer system’ with lowered income tax, yet complete reduction of legal exceptions on the one hand, and transfer systems combined with work incentives on the other hand. KW - Deutschland KW - Arbeitsmarkt KW - Sozialversicherung KW - Germany KW - labour market KW - social insurance Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-47850 ER - TY - THES A1 - Diel-Gligor, Katharina T1 - Der Amicus Curiae im deutsch-französischen Vergleich – eine Untersuchung der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit T2 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe N2 - In den vergangenen Jahren hat der im anglo-amerikanischen Rechtsraum wurzelnde Amicus Curiae, wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung, Eingang in die Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeiten in Deutschland und Frankreich gefunden. Dabei erweist sich die französische Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht als progressiv, da das Verfahrensinstrument hier – im Gegensatz zur deutschen Rechtslage – bereits positiv-rechtlich normiert ist. Diese Fortschrittlichkeit hat sich bisher jedoch nicht merklich auf die Drittinterventionspraxis niedergeschlagen, besitzen Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen doch in beiden Ländern und über alle verwaltungsgerichtlichen Instanzen hinweg noch immer Seltenheitswert. Da mithin keine Generalisierungen zur dieser Rechtspraxis erlaubt sind, kann sich eine Analyse der möglichen funktionalen Rolle derartiger Amicus Curiae-Stellungnahmen nur auf theoretische Überlegungen stützen. Danach ist eine Informationsfunktion gegenüber dem Gericht in Bezug auf Tatsachen- und Rechtsfragen klar zu bejahen. Auch dürfte der Verfahrensmechanismus ein zusätzliches – wenngleich nicht demokratisches – Legitimationspotential für gerichtliche Entscheidungen besitzen: Indem dieser gesellschaftliche Teilhabe und damit gleichzeitig die Einbettung verwaltungsgerichtlicher Verfahren in den jeweiligen sozialen Kontext ermöglicht, kann er zur Steigerung der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der zunehmend unter Rechtsfertigungsdruck geratenden Richtermacht beitragen. N2 - Ces dernières années, le concept de l’amicus curiae, qui puise ses racines dans le droit anglo-américain, a fait son entrée dans la juridiction administrative tant en Allemagne qu’en France, bien que sous des formes différentes. Du point de vue du droit comparé, le système judiciaire administratif français est relativement progressif à cet égard, car cet instrument procédural y est déjà codifié – contrairement à la situation juridique allemande. Toutefois, cette progressivité n'a pas eu jusqu'à présent d'effet notable sur la pratique procédurale, car l’application du concept d’amicus curiae demeure relativement rare dans l’ensemble des instances des juridictions administratives des deux pays. En conséquence, dans la mesure où une généralisation par rapport à cette pratique juridique n'est donc pas possible, la question de savoir quel est le rôle fonctionnel potentiel d’amici curiae ne peut être analysée que sur le plan théorique. Sur cette base, on peut affirmer clairement un rôle d'information vis-à-vis du tribunal par rapport aux questions de fait et de droit. En outre, ce mécanisme procédural semble avoir une capacité de légitimation supplémentaire du pouvoir judiciaire, bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas d’une légitimation démocratique : en permettant une participation sociale, et en reliant ainsi les procédures devant les juridictions administratives à leur contexte social respectif, l’amicus curiae contribue à augmenter l’adhésion sociale au pouvoir judiciaire, qui est de plus en plus contraint de s’auto-justifier vis-à-vis des justiciables. N2 - In recent years, the amicus curiae, which has its roots in Anglo-American law, has found its way into the administrative court systems in Germany and France, albeit in different forms. From a comparative law perspective, the French administrative court system proves to be progressive, since the procedural instrument of amicus curiae is already legally standardized here - in contrast to the German legal situation. However, this progressiveness has not yet had a noticeable impact on third-party intervention practice, given that amicus curiae briefs are still a rarity across all administrative court instances in both countries. Since no generalizations about this legal practice are hence permitted, an analysis of the possible functional role of such amicus curiae briefs can only be based on theoretical considerations. According to these considerations, an informational function vis-à-vis the court with respect to questions of fact and law can clearly be affirmed. The procedural mechanism of amicus curiae intervention is also likely to have an additional - albeit non-democratic - legitimizing potential for judicial decisions: By enabling social participation and thus at the same time embedding administrative court proceedings in the respective social context, it can contribute to enhanced social acceptance of the power of judges, which is under increasing pressure to justify itself. T3 - MEGA-Schriftenreihe - 6 KW - Amicus Curiae KW - Verwaltungsgerichte KW - Verwaltungsgerichtsverfahren KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich KW - Rechtsvergleich KW - juridiction administrative KW - Allemagne KW - France KW - étude de droit comparé KW - administrative courts KW - Germany KW - France KW - comparative law Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-540620 SN - 2701-391X IS - 6 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dinger, Dörte T1 - Nationale Interessen sind von gestern! JF - WeltTrends-Papiere KW - Außenpolitik KW - Interessen KW - Deutschland KW - foreign Policy KW - national interests KW - Germany Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62756 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 20 SP - 22 EP - 25 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drosselmeyer, Julia A1 - Jacob, Louis A1 - Rathmann, Wolfgang A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Kostev, Karel T1 - Depression risk in patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis in Germany JF - Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation N2 - The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and its risk factors in patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated in German primary care practices. Longitudinal data from general practices (n=1072) throughout Germany were analyzed. Individuals initially diagnosed with RA (2009-2013) were identified, and 7301 patients were included and matched (1:1) to 7301 controls. The primary outcome measure was the initial diagnosis of depression within 5 years after the index date in patients with and without RA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounders. The mean age was 72.2 years (SD: 7.6 years). A total of 34.9 % of patients were men. Depression diagnoses were present in 22.0 % of the RA group and 14.3 % of the control group after a 5-year follow-up period (p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, RA was a strong risk factor for the development of depression (HR: 1.55, p < 0.001). There was significant interaction of RA and diagnosed inflammatory polyarthropathies (IP) (RA*IP interaction: p < 0.001). Furthermore, dementia, cancer, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of developing depression (p values < 0.001). The risk of depression is significantly higher in patients with late-onset RA than in patients without RA for subjects treated in primary care practices in Germany. RA patients should be screened routinely for depression in order to ensure improved treatment and management. KW - Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis KW - Depression KW - Primary care KW - Risk factors KW - Germany Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1387-2 SN - 0962-9343 SN - 1573-2649 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 437 EP - 443 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Eckert, Silvia T1 - Trait variation in changing environments: Assessing the role of DNA methylation in non-native plant species T1 - Merkmalsvariation in sich verändernden Umgebungen: Bewertung der Rolle der DNA-Methylierung bei nicht einheimischen Pflanzenarten N2 - The increasing introduction of non-native plant species may pose a threat to local biodiversity. However, the basis of successful plant invasion is not conclusively understood, especially since these plant species can adapt to the new range within a short period of time despite impoverished genetic diversity of the starting populations. In this context, DNA methylation is considered promising to explain successful adaptation mechanisms in the new habitat. DNA methylation is a heritable variation in gene expression without changing the underlying genetic information. Thus, DNA methylation is considered a so-called epigenetic mechanism, but has been studied in mainly clonally reproducing plant species or genetic model plants. An understanding of this epigenetic mechanism in the context of non-native, predominantly sexually reproducing plant species might help to expand knowledge in biodiversity research on the interaction between plants and their habitats and, based on this, may enable more precise measures in conservation biology. For my studies, I combined chemical DNA demethylation of field-collected seed material from predominantly sexually reproducing species and rearing offsping under common climatic conditions to examine DNA methylation in an ecological-evolutionary context. The contrast of chemically treated (demethylated) plants, whose variation in DNA methylation was artificially reduced, and untreated control plants of the same species allowed me to study the impact of this mechanism on adaptive trait differentiation and local adaptation. With this experimental background, I conducted three studies examining the effect of DNA methylation in non-native species along a climatic gradient and also between climatically divergent regions. The first study focused on adaptive trait differentiation in two invasive perennial goldenrod species, Solidago canadensis sensu latu and S. gigantea AITON, along a climate gradient of more than 1000 km in length in Central Europe. I found population differences in flowering timing, plant height, and biomass in the temporally longer-established S. canadensis, but only in the number of regrowing shoots for S. gigantea. While S. canadensis did not show any population structure, I was able to identify three genetic groups along this climatic gradient in S. gigantea. Surprisingly, demethylated plants of both species showed no change in the majority of traits studied. In the subsequent second study, I focused on the longer-established goldenrod species S. canadensis and used molecular analyses to infer spatial epigenetic and genetic population differences in the same specimens from the previous study. I found weak genetic but no epigenetic spatial variation between populations. Additionally, I was able to identify one genetic marker and one epigenetic marker putatively susceptible to selection. However, the results of this study reconfirmed that the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation appears to be hardly involved in adaptive processes within the new range in S. canadensis. Finally, I conducted a third study in which I reciprocally transplanted short-lived plant species between two climatically divergent regions in Germany to investigate local adaptation at the plant family level. For this purpose, I used four plant families (Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae) and here I additionally compared between non-native and native plant species. Seeds were transplanted to regions with a distance of more than 600 kilometers and had either a temperate-oceanic or a temperate-continental climate. In this study, some species were found to be maladapted to their own local conditions, both in non-native and native plant species alike. In demethylated individuals of the plant species studied, DNA methylation had inconsistent but species-specific effects on survival and biomass production. The results of this study highlight that DNA methylation did not make a substantial contribution to local adaptation in the non-native as well as native species studied. In summary, my work showed that DNA methylation plays a negligible role in both adaptive trait variation along climatic gradients and local adaptation in non-native plant species that either exhibit a high degree of genetic variation or rely mainly on sexual reproduction with low clonal propagation. I was able to show that the adaptive success of these non-native plant species can hardly be explained by DNA methylation, but could be a possible consequence of multiple introductions, dispersal corridors and meta-population dynamics. Similarly, my results illustrate that the use of plant species that do not predominantly reproduce clonally and are not model plants is essential to characterize the effect size of epigenetic mechanisms in an ecological-evolutionary context. N2 - Die zunehmende Eintragung nicht-heimischer Pflanzenarten kann eine Gefahr für die lokale Artenvielfalt darstellen. Die Grundlagen einer erfolgreichen pflanzlichen Ausbreitung sind jedoch nicht abschließend geklärt, zumal sich diese Arten innerhalb kurzer Zeit an das neue Verbreitungsgebiet anpassen können trotz anfänglich reduzierter genetischer Vielfalt der Startpopulationen. In diesem Kontext gilt DNA-Methylierung als vielversprechend, um erfolgreiche Anpassungsmechanismen im neuen Lebensraum zu erklären. Bei der DNA-Methylierung handelt es sich um eine vererbbare Variation der Genaktivität, ohne dass die zugrundeliegende genetische Erbinformation verändert wird. Damit gehört DNA-Methylierung zu den sogenannten epigenetischen Mechanismen, wurde jedoch vorwiegend bei sich klonal vermehrenden Pflanzenarten oder genetischen Modellpflanzen untersucht. Ein Verständnis dieses epigenetischen Mechanismus im Zusammenhang mit nicht-einheimischen, sich vorwiegend sexuell reproduzierenden Pflanzenarten erweitert das Wissen in der Biodiversitätsforschung zur Interaktion zwischen Pflanzen und ihrem Lebensraum und kann, darauf aufbauend, präzisere Maßnahmen in der Naturschutzbiologie ermöglichen. Für meine Studien kombinierte ich die chemische DNA-Demethylierung von im Freiland gesammeltem Samenmaterial sich vorwiegend sexuell fortpflanzender Arten und die Aufzucht unter gemeinsamen klimatischen Bedingungen, um DNA-Methylierung im ökologisch-evolutionären Kontext zu untersuchen. Der Kontrast von chemisch behandelten (demethylierten) Pflanzen, deren Methylierungsvariation nun künstlich verringert war, und unbehandelten Kontrollpflanzen derselben Art ermöglichte mir die Auswirkung dieses Mechanismus auf adaptive Merkmalsvariationen und lokale Anpassung zu studieren. Vor diesem experimentellen Hintergrund führte ich drei Studien durch, um die Auswirkung von DNA-Methylierung bei nicht-einheimischen Pflanzenarten entlang eines klimatischen Gradienten und zwischen zwei klimatisch unterschiedlichen Regionen zu untersuchen. Die erste Studie konzentrierte sich auf adaptive Merkmalsveränderungen bei Nachkommen von zwei invasiven, mehrjährigen Goldrutenarten, Solidago canadensis sensu latu und S. gigantea AITON, entlang eines Klimagradienten von mehr als 1000 km Länge in Zentraleuropa. Ich fand graduelle Unterschiede im Blühzeitpunkt, in der Pflanzenhöhe und der Biomasse bei der zeitlich länger etablierten S. canadensis, bei S. gigantea jedoch nur in der Anzahl der nachwachsenden Triebe. Während S. canadensis keinerlei Populationsstruktur aufwies, konnte ich bei S. gigantea drei genetische Gruppen entlang dieses Klimagradienten identifizieren. Überraschenderweise zeigten demethylierte Pflanzen beider Arten keine Veränderung in der überwiegenden Anzahl der untersuchten Merkmale. In der darauffolgenden zweiten Studie konzentrierte ich mich auf die länger etablierte Goldrutenart S. canadensis und verwendete molekulare Analysen, um räumliche epigenetische und genetische Populationunterschiede aus den Exemplaren der vorhergehenden Studie abzuleiten. Ich fand schwache genetische aber keine epigenetische räumliche Variation zwischen den Populationen. Zusätzlich konnte ich einen genetischen und einen epigenetischen Marker identifizieren, welcher potentiell unter Selektion stehen könnte. Allerdings bestätigten die Ergebnisse dieser Studie erneut, dass DNA-Methylierung bei S. canadensis kaum in die Anpassung an das neue Verbreitungsgebiet involviert zu sein scheint. Schließlich führte ich eine dritte Studie durch, in welcher ich Samen kurzlebiger Pflanzenarten reziprok zwischen zwei klimatisch unterschiedlichen Regionen in Deutschland transplantierte, um lokale Anpassung auf Ebene der Pflanzenfamilien zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck nutze ich vier Pflanzenfamilien (Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Plantaginaceae, Solanaceae), wobei ich hier auch zwischen nicht-heimischen und heimischen Pflanzenarten verglich. Beide Regionen lagen mehr als 600 Kilometer voneinander entfernt und wiesen entweder ein gemäßigt-ozeanisches oder gemäßigt-kontinentales Klima auf. In dieser Studie zeigte sich für einige—sowohl nicht-einheimische als auch einhimische—Arten eine Fehlanpassung an die eigenen lokalen Bedingungen. In demethylierten Individuen der untersuchten Pflanzenarten wirkte sich die DNA-Methylierung widersprüchlich, aber artspezifisch auf das Überleben und die Biomasseproduktion aus. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstreichen, dass DNA-Methylierung einen vernachlässigbaren Beitrag zur lokalen Anpassung bei den untersuchten nicht-heimischen, aber auch einheimischen Arten leistete. Zusammenfassend konnte ich mit dieser Arbeit festellen, dass DNA-Methylierung bei nicht-einheimischen Pflanzenarten eine untergeordnete Rolle sowohl bei der adaptiven Merkmalsvariation entlang von Klimagradienten als auch der lokalen Anpassung an klimatisch unterschiedliche Regionen spielt, wenn diese Pflanzenarten eine hohe genetische Vielfalt aufweisen und sich hauptsächlich sexuell vermehren. Ich konnte zeigen, dass der Anpassungserfolg dieser nicht-einheimischen Pflanzenarten kaum durch DNA-Methylierung erklärbar ist, sondern vielmehr eine mögliche Folge mehrfacher Eintragungen, von Ausbreitungskorridoren und Meta-Populationsdynamiken sein könnte. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien verdeutlichen ebenso, dass die Verwendung von Pflanzenarten, die sich nicht überwiegend klonal vermehren und keine genetischen Modellpflanzen sind, unerlässlich ist, um die Effektstärke epigenetischer Mechanismen im ökologisch-evolutionären Kontext zu charakterisieren. KW - common-garden experiment KW - reciprocal transplant experiment KW - epigenetics KW - cytosine methylation KW - zebularine KW - adaptive differentiation KW - local adaptation KW - microsatellites KW - Solidago canadensis KW - Solidago gigantea KW - Amaranthus retroflexus KW - Chenopodium album KW - Erigeron canadensis KW - Erigeron annuus KW - Lactuca serriola KW - Senecio vulgaris KW - Sonchus oleraceus KW - Tripleurospermum inodorum KW - Veronica persica KW - Plantago major KW - Datura stramonium KW - Solanum nigrum KW - latitudinal clines KW - population structure KW - invasive KW - ruderal KW - non-native KW - Central Europe KW - Germany KW - AFLP KW - MSAP KW - spatial autocorrelation KW - genome scan KW - Gemeinschaftsgarten-Experiment KW - reziprokes Transplantationsexperiment KW - Epigenetik KW - Cytosin-Methylierung KW - Zebularin KW - adaptive Differenzierung KW - lokale Anpassung KW - Mikrosatelliten KW - Breitengrad KW - Ökokline KW - Populationsstruktur KW - invasiv KW - ruderal KW - nicht-einheimisch KW - Mitteleuropa KW - Deutschland KW - AFLP KW - MSAP KW - räumliche Autokorrelation KW - Genom-Scan Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-568844 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Elsenhans, Hartmut T1 - Selbstbeschränkter Realismus und geographisch begrenzter Idealismus T1 - Self-restricted realism and geographically limited idealism N2 - Hellmanns Warnung vor einer Resozialisierung der deutschen Außenpolitik in eine traditionelle Großmachtrolle erweckt bei mir viel Sympathie. Seine Alternative finde ich moralisch ehrenhaft, aber realistisch nur innerhalb des Prozesses der europäischen Integration. Ich glaube allerdings nicht, dass das Erbe der Geschichte Deutschlands ein besonderes außenpolitisches Vorgehen erzwingt. Ebenso wenig glaube ich, dass idealistische Positionen, gleich welcher Couleur, bei der Bewahrung von Frieden realistischen überlegen sind. Der Berliner Republik haftet ein gewisser Wilhelminismus in der Außenpolitik an. Man will durch Nachholen gleich werden wie die anderen. Die Warnung vor Rissen im Bündnis und vor der Möglichkeit einer Spirale des Niedergangs der europäischen Integration im Beitrag von Hellmann teile ich. Ich würde noch weiter gehen: Auch die humanitäre Intervention bleibt Intervention. Prinzipien der Menschenrechte sind wichtig, ihre Ausgestaltung, manchmal sogar Teile ihrer Prinzipien aber strittig. Welche Kriterien gibt uns der offensive Realismus bei der Stärkung der Interventionsmöglichkeiten draußen, wenn wir dabei keine machtpolitischen Interessen vertreten sollen? Wenn wir nicht alle Übel der Welt abschaffen wollen, dann muss eine Hierarchie verfolgt werden. Die rot-grüne Koalition hat mit der Ausnahme der Irak-Entscheidung im Wesentlichen das Ziel verfolgt, den eigenen Einfluss innerhalb der westlichen Staatengemeinschaft zu steigern. Hellmanns Empfehlung lautet wohl, dort mitzumachen, wo supranationale Institutionen geschaffen werden sollen. Welches sind die Kriterien zur Messung dieser Ziele? KW - Europa KW - Deutschland KW - Außenpolitik KW - Recht KW - Europe KW - Germany KW - foreign policy KW - law Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Stefan A1 - Mayer-Scholl, Anne A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Spierling, Nastasja G. A1 - Heuser, Elisa A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike M. A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Nöckler, Karsten A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. T1 - Leptospira genomospecies and sequence type prevalence in small mammal populations in Germany JF - Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases N2 - Leptospirosis is a worldwide emerging infectious disease caused by zoonotic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Numerous mammals, including domestic and companion animals, can be infected by Leptospira spp., but rodents and other small mammals are considered the main reservoir. The annual number of recorded human leptospirosis cases in Germany (2001-2016) was 25-166. Field fever outbreaks in strawberry pickers, due to infection with Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa, were reported in 2007 and 2014. To identify the most commonly occurring Leptospira genomospecies, sequence types (STs), and their small mammal host specificity, a monitoring study was performed during 2010-2014 in four federal states of Germany. Initial screening of kidney tissues of 3,950 animals by PCR targeting the lipl32 gene revealed 435 rodents of 6 species and 89 shrews of three species positive for leptospiral DNA. PCR-based analyses resulted in the identification of the genomospecies L. kirschneri (62.7%), Leptospira interrogans (28.3%), and Leptospira borgpetersenii (9.0%), which are represented by four, one, and two STs, respectively. The average Leptospira prevalence was highest (approximate to 30%) in common voles (Microtus arvalis) and field voles (Microtus agrestis). Both species were exclusively infected with L. kirschneri. In contrast, in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), DNA of all three genomospecies was detected, and in common shrews (Sorex araneus) DNA of L. kirschneri and L. borgpetersenii was identified. The association between individual infection status and demographic factors varied between species; infection status was always positively correlated to body weight. In conclusion, the study confirmed a broad geographical distribution of Leptospira in small mammals and suggested an important public health relevance of common and field voles as reservoirs of L. kirschneri. Furthermore, the investigations identified seasonal, habitat-related, as well as individual influences on Leptospira prevalence in small mammals that might impact public health. KW - demography KW - Germany KW - habitat KW - Leptospira spp KW - leptospirosis KW - MLST KW - rodent KW - shrew KW - SLST Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2140 SN - 1530-3667 SN - 1557-7759 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 188 EP - 199 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Stefan A1 - Spierling, Nastasja G. A1 - Heuser, Elisa A1 - Kling, Christopher A1 - Schmidt, Sabrina A1 - Rosenfeld, Ulrike M. A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Essbauer, Sandra T1 - High prevalence of Rickettsia helvetica in wild small mammal populations in Germany JF - Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases N2 - Since the beginning of the 21st century, spotted fever rickettsioses are known as emerging diseases worldwide. Rickettsiae are obligately intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. The ecology of Rickettsia species has not been investigated in detail, but small mammals are considered to play a role as reservoirs. Aim of this study was to monitor rickettsiae in wild small mammals over a period of five years in four federal states of Germany. Initial screening of ear pinna tissues of 3939 animals by Pan-Rick real-time PCR targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) gene revealed 296 rodents of seven species and 19 shrews of two species positive for rickettsial DNA. Outer membrane protein gene (ompB, ompAIV) PCRs based typing resulted in the identification of three species: Rickettsia helvetica (90.9%) was found as the dominantly occurring species in the four investigated federal states, but Rickettsia felis (7.8%) and Rickettsia raoultii (1.3%) were also detected. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in rodents of the genus Apodemus was found to be higher (approximately 14%) than in all other rodent and shrew species at all investigated sites. General linear mixed model analyses indicated that heavier (older) individuals of yellow-necked mice and male common voles seem to contain more often rickettsial DNA than younger ones. Furthermore, rodents generally collected in forests in summer and autumn more often carried rickettsial DNA. In conclusion, this study indicated a high prevalence of R. helvetica in small mammal populations and suggests an age-dependent increase of the DNA prevalence in some of the species and in animals originating from forest habitats. The finding of R. helvetica and R. felis DNA in multiple small mammal species may indicate frequent trans-species transmission by feeding of vectors on different species. Further investigations should target the reason for the discrepancy between the high rickettsial DNA prevalence in rodents and the so far almost absence of clinical apparent human infections. KW - Rickettsia helvetica KW - Rodent KW - Germany KW - Age KW - Reproduction KW - Season Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.009 SN - 1877-959X SN - 1877-9603 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 500 EP - 505 PB - Elsevier GMBH CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Drawing from the bargaining pool: Determinants of ministerial selection in Germany JF - Party politics : an international journal for the study of political parties and political organizations N2 - This article expands our current knowledge about ministerial selection in coalition governments and analyses why ministerial candidates succeed in acquiring a cabinet position after general elections. It argues that political parties bargain over potential office-holders during government-formation processes, selecting future cabinet ministers from an emerging bargaining pool'. The article draws upon a new dataset comprising all ministrable candidates discussed by political parties during eight government-formation processes in Germany between 1983 and 2009. The conditional logit regression analysis reveals that temporal dynamics, such as the day she enters the pool, have a significant effect on her success in achieving a cabinet position. Other determinants of ministerial selection discussed in the existing literature, such as party and parliamentary expertise, are less relevant for achieving ministerial office. The article concludes that scholarship on ministerial selection requires a stronger emphasis for its endogenous nature in government-formation as well as the relevance of temporal dynamics in such processes. KW - Candidates KW - Germany KW - government-formation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813487108 SN - 1354-0688 SN - 1460-3683 VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 503 EP - 514 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fleischer, Julia A1 - Seyfried, Markus T1 - Drawing from the bargaining pool BT - determinants of ministerial selection in Germany T2 - Party politics N2 - This article expands our current knowledge about ministerial selection in coalition governments and analyses why ministerial candidates succeed in acquiring a cabinet position after general elections. It argues that political parties bargain over potential office-holders during government-formation processes, selecting future cabinet ministers from an emerging bargaining pool'. The article draws upon a new dataset comprising all ministrable candidates discussed by political parties during eight government-formation processes in Germany between 1983 and 2009. The conditional logit regression analysis reveals that temporal dynamics, such as the day she enters the pool, have a significant effect on her success in achieving a cabinet position. Other determinants of ministerial selection discussed in the existing literature, such as party and parliamentary expertise, are less relevant for achieving ministerial office. The article concludes that scholarship on ministerial selection requires a stronger emphasis for its endogenous nature in government-formation as well as the relevance of temporal dynamics in such processes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 87 KW - candidates KW - Germany KW - government-formation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404479 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franke, Ulrich A1 - Roos, Ulrich T1 - Globale Solidarität als nationales Interesse JF - WeltTrends-Papiere KW - Außenpolitik KW - Interessen KW - Deutschland KW - foreign Policy KW - national interests KW - Germany Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62772 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 20 SP - 30 EP - 33 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Germany: From Denied Immigration to Integration of Migrants JF - Local Integration of Migrants Policy N2 - The chapter begins with a brief historical overview of Germany’s transition in the twentieth and twenty-first century from a transit and emigration country to one of immigration. The next part of this chapter looks at the challenges and problems facing German immigration policy within a multi-level federal system. Finally, the chapter gives an analysis of some of the trends in German migration policy since the refugee crisis in 2015, such as changes in the party system and in the concepts underlying migration policies to better manage, control and limit immigration to Germany. KW - Germany KW - Federalism KW - Integration KW - Coordination KW - Municipalities KW - Local autonomy Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-50978-1 SN - 978-3-030-50979-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50979-8_7 SN - 2523-8248 SN - 2523-8256 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Netzwerke für Demokratie statt Achsen mit Autokraten T1 - For a new start of the German Ostpolitik N2 - The German Ostpolitik of the Red-Green government between 1998 and 2005 focused particularly on the autocratic Russia. It mostly ignored the other – democratic – states in Central and Eastern Europe. Since this policy failed to improve the stability in the region, a policy change is necessary. Regional stability can only be based on the equal cooperation of democratic states. Germany should therefore intensify her support for the democratic forces in the region and integrate her policy into a common Ostpolitik within the EU. KW - Deutschland KW - Außenpolitik KW - Zentraleuropa KW - Osteuropa KW - Demokratie KW - Germany KW - foreign policy KW - Central and Eastern Europe KW - Democracy Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8071 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Europa als Inspiration und Herausforderung BT - eine Einführung JF - WeltTrends-Papiere N2 - Inhalt: Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte Die EU als politischer Akteur Die Europäische Union zwischen Vertiefung und Erweiterung Europäisierung nationalstaatlicher Politik am Beispiel Polens Danksagung Literatur KW - Polen KW - Europäische Union KW - Deutschland KW - Integration KW - Vertiefung KW - Poland KW - European Union KW - Germany KW - Integration KW - Consolidation Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62938 SN - 1864-0656 IS - 15 SP - 9 EP - 20 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Europäische Zeitenwenden T1 - European transitions N2 - Der Autor skizziert die europäischen Zeitenwenden vom Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges über das Wendejahr 1989 bis zur Gegenwart. Seine Überlegungen stützen sich auf die Konferenz "Das Jahr 1939: Ursprünge und Beginn des 2. Weltkriegs", die am 9. September 2009 in Posen stattgefunden hat. KW - Deutschland KW - Polen KW - Russland KW - Germany KW - Poland KW - Russia Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39510 SN - 978386956020-5 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Chefdiplomat versus Missionarin T1 - Senior diplomat versus missionary N2 - Die Frage, ob die CDU-Bundestagsabgeordnete Erika Steinbach, seit 1998 Präsidenten des Bundes der Vertriebenen (BdV), einen Sitz im Stiftungsrat des "Zentrums gegen Vertreibung" einnehmen soll, spaltet die politische Landschaft. Die von der SPD beantragte Aktuelle Stunde des Bundestages am 26. November 2009 machte dies erneut deutlich. Auch die neue Bundesregierung ist in dieser Frage gespalten. KW - Außenpolitik KW - Deutschland KW - Polen KW - Foreign Policy KW - Germany KW - Poland Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40824 SN - 978-3-941880-06-1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Europa ohne Kompass N2 - Die noch nicht ausgestandene Staatsschuldenkrise seit Ende 2009 hat Europa stärker verändert, als viele wahrhaben wollen. Es stellt sich die grundsätzliche Frage des Sinns der europäischen Integration. Vor allem die Glaubwürdigkeit des europäischen politischen Führungspersonals hat gelitten. Ohne Kompass wurstelt man sich seit mehr als zwei Jahren durch. Keine "rote Linie", die nicht nach wenigen Wochen überschritten wurde, kein Masterplan, der nicht bald Makulatur geworden ist. KW - Europäische Union KW - Deutschland KW - European Union KW - Germany Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59881 SN - 0944-8101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Michael A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Sorgner, Alina T1 - Why did self-employment increase so strongly in Germany? JF - Entrepreneurship and regional development N2 - Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification. Applying the nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, we find that the main factors driving these changes in the overall level of self-employment are demographic developments, the shift towards service sector employment and a larger share of population holding a tertiary degree. While these factors explain most of the development in self-employment with employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger increase in solo self-employment and in self-employment in former socialist East Germany. KW - self-employment KW - nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique KW - entrepreneurship KW - Germany KW - L26 KW - D22 Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1048310 SN - 0898-5626 SN - 1464-5114 VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SP - 307 EP - 333 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland JF - Comparative Sociology N2 - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular. KW - low-wage employment KW - gender inequality KW - labor market KW - Germany KW - Austria KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507 SN - 1569-1322 SN - 1569-1330 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 488 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Liedl, Bernd T1 - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland JF - Comparative Sociology N2 - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular. KW - low-wage employment KW - gender inequality KW - labor market KW - Germany KW - Austria KW - Switzerland Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507 SN - 1569-1330 SN - 1569-1322 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 448 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuertes, Vanesa A1 - Jantz, Bastian A1 - Klenk, Tanja A1 - McQuaid, Ronald T1 - Between cooperation and competition: The organisation of employment service delivery in the UK and Germany JF - International journal of social welfare N2 - The increased emphasis on labour market activation in many European countries has led to new forms of governance in recent decades. Primarily through qualitative data and document analysis, this article compares the restructuring of labour market service delivery in the UK and Germany. The comparison suggests the emergence of complex governance arrangements that seek to balance public regulation and accountability with the creation of room for market competition. As a result, we can observe in both countries a greater use of markets, but also of rules. While in both countries the relationships between different providers of labour market services can best be described as a mixture of cooperation and competition, differences exist in terms of instruments and the comprehensiveness of coordination initiatives. The findings suggest that the distinctions between governance models may be more important in theory than in practice, although the combinations of theoretical forms vary in different circumstances. KW - activation KW - coordination KW - employment services KW - Germany KW - governance KW - UK Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12100 SN - 1369-6866 SN - 1468-2397 VL - 23 SP - S71 EP - S86 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gießmann, Hans J. T1 - Deutsche Außenpolitik sollte gescheite Friedenspolitik sein N2 - In the spring issue of WeltTrends, Gunther Hellmann (Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe- Universität Frankfurt a. M.) sparked a debate on Germany's foreign policy. He argued that Germany’s international behaviour is dominated by a Realpolitik policy generally referred to as "normalization". For Hellmann this transformation indicates "the deepest crisis of German foreign policy" ever. Hellmann proposes a rehabilitation of the tradition of the Bonner Republik and an active Idealpolitik. This summer issue of WeltTrends features eleven articles written in response to Hellmann by International Relations scholars. The debate focuses on analytical as well as normative aspects of current German foreign policy. The authors discuss the context of the European Common Foreign and Security Policy, the international system and the United Nations, historical aspects of German foreign policy and the German foreign policy discourse. While some contributors share Hellmann's idealist position, most challenge his plea from a more realist perspective. In the upcoming fall issue, this debate will be continued with contributions by German foreign policy makers. A final reply by Hellmann will complete the debate in the winter issue of WeltTrends. Contributions by: Franz Ansprenger, Stephan Böckenförde, Wilfried von Bredow, Sabine Busse, Edwina S. Campbell, Hartmut Elsenhans, Hans J. Gießmann, Werner Link, Carlo Masala, Hanns W. Maull, and Siegfried Schwarz. KW - Germany KW - German foreign policy KW - Realpolitik KW - common foreign and security policy Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9676 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grossi, Giuseppe A1 - Reichard, Christoph A1 - Ruggiero, Pasquale T1 - Appropriateness and Use of Performance Information in the Budgeting Process: Some Experiences from German and Italian Municipalities JF - Sports medicine N2 - This article contributes to the debate on the use of performance information in the context of public sector performance management. Based on case studies, the authors analyze the appropriateness of the performance information provided in the newly established performance budgets of municipalities in Germany and Italy. They also examine the interest of politicians and senior managers in using such information for decision-making and monitoring within the municipal budget cycle. They find that the use of performance information is generally quite modest, and that the interest of different local actors varies to a great extent. Politicians are generally less interested in such information than top managers, particularly chief financial officers. The results are discussed by applying a theoretical framework based on institutional and legitimacy theories, and are compared with the literature on performance information use. KW - Italy KW - Germany KW - local government KW - performance budget KW - performance information use KW - performance management Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2015.1137770 SN - 1530-9576 SN - 1557-9271 VL - 39 SP - 581 EP - 606 PB - Springer CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Große, Ines T1 - Ethnizität und Zuwanderung in Deutschland N2 - The central focus of this essay is the "politicisation" of ethnicity in contemporary German immigration policy and its underlying ethnic ideology. Emphasis is put on the relevance of ethnicity and how it is viewed within the framework of German immigration policy. The author discusses German citizenship policy and its ideology, which creates ethnic boundaries in order to serve as a mechanism to defend limited access to German citizenship. The effects of the elevation of so-called ethnic groups through privileged immigration are explained with the example of ethnic German emigrants living in the former Soviet Union – the "Auslandsdeutschen" – and the process of their ethnic formation. KW - Germany KW - ethnicity KW - immigration Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9547 ER -