TY - JOUR A1 - van der Kroef, Ilona A1 - Koszinski, Sylvia A1 - Grinat, Michael A1 - van der Meij, Marijn W. A1 - Hierold, Wilfried A1 - Südekum, Wolfgang A1 - Sommer, Michael T1 - Digital mapping of buried soil horizons using 2D and pseudo-3D geoelectrical measurements in a ground moraine landscape JF - European journal of soil science : EJSS N2 - The identification of buried soil horizons in agricultural landscapes helps to quantify sediment budgets and erosion-related carbon dynamics. High-resolution mapping of buried horizons using conventional soil surveys is destructive and time consuming. Geoelectrical sensors can offer a fast and non-destructive alternative for determining horizon positions and properties. In this paper, we compare the suitability of several geoelectrical methods for measuring the depth to buried horizons (Apb, Ahb and Hab) in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. Soil profile descriptions were developed for 269 locations within a 6-ha experimental field "CarboZALF-D". A stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) estimated the lateral position of the buried horizons using electromagnetic induction data and terrain attributes. To predict the depth of a buried horizon, multiple linear regression (MLR) was used for both a 120-m transect and a 0.2-ha pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) area. At these scales, apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), electrical resistivity (ER) and terrain attributes were used as independent variables. The LDA accurately predicted Apb- and Ahb-horizons (a correct classification of 93%). The LDA of the Hab-horizon had a misclassification of 24%, which was probably related to the smaller test set and the higher depth of this horizon. The MLR predicted the depth of the Apb-, Ahb- and Hab-horizons with relative root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 7, 3 and 13%, respectively, in the pseudo-3D area. MLR had a lower accuracy for the 2D transect compared to the pseudo-3D area. Overall, the use of LDA and MLR has been an efficient methodological approach for predicting buried horizon positions. Highlights The suitability of geoelectrical measurements for digital modelling of diagnostic buried soil horizons was determined. LDA and MLR were used to detect multiple horizons with geoelectrical devices and terrain attributes. Geoelectrical variables were significant predictors of the position of the target soil horizons. The use of these tested digital technologies gives an opportunity to develop high-resolution soil mapping procedures. KW - colluvium depth modelling KW - electrical conductivity KW - electrical resistivity tomography KW - electromagnetic induction KW - EM38DD KW - linear discriminant analysis KW - linear regression KW - moraine soil landscape Y1 - 2019 SN - 1351-0754 SN - 1365-2389 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 26 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szaramowicz, Martin T1 - Krönert, R. (Hrsg.): Landscape Balance and Landscape Assessment; Berlin, Springer, 2001 BT - Landscape Balance and Landscape Assessment Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siemer, Julia T1 - Alban, E. (Hrsg.) Regionalatlas Rhein-Main, Natur-Gesellschaft-Wirtschaft; Frankfurt am Main, Selbstverl. Rhein- Mainische Forschung, 2000 BT - Regionalatlas Rhein-Main, Natur Gesellschaft-Wirtschaft Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rößling, Holger T1 - Kreibich, R. (Hrsg.), Global Change=Globaler Wandel, Ursachen und Lösungsansätze; Berlin, Berlin- Verl. Spitz, 2000 BT - Global Change=Globaler Wandel, Ursachen und Lösungsansätze Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rößling, Holger T1 - Ekardt, F., Steuerungsdefizite im Umweltrecht; Sinzheim, Pro Universitate Verl., 2001 BT - Steuerungsdefizite im Umweltrecht Y1 - 2001 UR - http://www.lapla-net.de/service/books/buch_0021/index.html ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manzoni, Stefano A1 - Capek, Petr A1 - Porada, Philipp A1 - Thurner, Martin A1 - Winterdahl, Mattias A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Bruchert, Volker A1 - Frouz, Jan A1 - Herrmann, Anke M. A1 - Lindahl, Bjorn D. A1 - Lyon, Steve W. A1 - Šantrůčková, Hana A1 - Vico, Giulia A1 - Way, Danielle T1 - Reviews and syntheses BT - Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems - definitions, theories, and empirical evidence JF - Biogeosciences N2 - The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) - the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization - from uni-cellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological-abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5929-2018 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 15 IS - 19 SP - 5929 EP - 5949 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Michel-Fabian, P., Werte in der Umweltplanung : ethische Dimensionen und Lösungen am Beispiel der UVS ; Dortmund, Dortmunder Vertrieb für Bau- und Planungsliteratur, 2003 BT - Werte in der Umweltplanung : ethische Dimensionen und Lösungen am Beispiel der UVS Y1 - 2004 SN - 0034-0111 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Helming, K. (Hrsg.), Sustainable Development of Multifunctional Landscapes; Berlin, Springer, 2003 Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Phänomen Landschaft Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Turner, M. G., Landscape ecology in theory and practice : pattern and process; New York, Springer, 2001 Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Ausgleich nur auf dem Papier Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Meyhöfer, T., Umsetzungsdefizite bei Kompensationsmaßnahmen in Bebauungsplänen, Ursachen und Lösungswege; Berlin, Rhombos-Ver., 2000 Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Mengel, A., Stringenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit in der fachbezogenen Umweltplanung; Darmstadt, Inst. WAR, 2001 BT - Stringenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit in der fachbezogenen Umweltplanung Y1 - 2001 UR - http://www.lapla-net.de ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Hohl, W., Landschaftsplanung : Ästhetische und rekreative Aspekte; Berlin, Patzer, 2001 Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huss, Matthias A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Huggel, C. A1 - Jacobsen, Dean A1 - Bradley, Raymond S. A1 - Clague, J. J. A1 - Vuille, Mathias A1 - Buytaert, Wouter A1 - Cayan, D. R. A1 - Greenwood, G. A1 - Mark, B. G. A1 - Milner, A. M. A1 - Weingartner, Rolf A1 - Winder, M. T1 - Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice JF - Earths future N2 - The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller and, in some cases, disappear, the area of frozen ground will diminish, the ratio of snow to rainfall will decrease, and the timing and magnitude of both maximum and minimum streamflow will change. These changes will affect erosion rates, sediment, and nutrient flux, and the biogeochemistry of rivers and proglacial lakes, all of which influence water quality, aquatic habitat, and biotic communities. Changes in the length of the growing season will allow low-elevation plants and animals to expand their ranges upward. Slope failures due to thawing alpine permafrost, and outburst floods from glacier-and moraine-dammed lakes will threaten downstream populations.Societies even well beyond the mountains depend on meltwater from glaciers and snow for drinking water supplies, irrigation, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and recreation. Here, we review and, where possible, quantify the impacts of anticipated climate change on the alpine cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and consider the implications for adaptation to a future of mountains without permanent snow and ice. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000514 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 5 SP - 418 EP - 435 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Wolf, J., Entwicklung der ethnischen Struktur des Banats 1890 - 1992; Berlin, Borntraeger, 1999 BT - Entwicklung der ethnischen Struktur des Banats 1890 - 1992 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Knappe, E., Transformation der Landwirtschaft in Mittel- und Südosteuropa; Berlin, Bornträger, 2004 BT - Transformation der Landwirtschaft in Mittel- und Südosteuropa Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Kleger, H., Metropolitane Transformation durch urbane Regime, Berlin-Brandenburg auf dem Weg zu regionaler Handlungsfähigkeit; Amsterdam, Verl. Fakultas, 1996 BT - Metropolitane Transformation durch urbane Regime : Berlin-Brandenburg auf dem Weg zu regionaler Handlungsfähigkeit Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Brunn, G. (Hrsg.), Regionen und Regionsbildung in Europa, Konzeptionen der Forschung und empirische Befunden; Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1996 BT - Regionen und Regionsbildung in Europa : Konzeptionen der Forschung und empirische Befunde Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Albrecht, V. (Hrsg.), Ungarn in Europa, gesellschaftlicher und raumstruktureller Wandel in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart; Frankfurt am Main, Inst. für Didaktik der Geographie, 1998 BT - Ungarn in Europa : gesellschaftlicher und raumstruktureller Wandel in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Buchhofer, E. (Hrsg.), Agrarwirtschaft und ländlicher Raum Ostmitteleuropas in der Transformation; Marburg, Herder-Inst., 1998 BT - Agrarwirtschaft und ländlicher Raum Ostmitteleuropas in der Transformation Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felgentreff, Carsten T1 - Weiss, F., Die dreisten Frauen, eine Begegnung in Papua-Neuguinea; Frankfurt am Main, Fischer-Taschenbuch- Verl., 1996 BT - Die dreisten Frauen, eine Begegnung in Papua-Neuguinea Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felgentreff, Carsten T1 - Dickhardt, M., Das Räumliche des Kulturellen, Entwurf zu einer kulturanthropologischen Raumtheorie am Beispiel Fiji; Münster, Lit, 2001 BT - Das Räumliche des Kulturellen, Entwurf zu einer kulturanthropologischen Raumtheorie am Beispiel Fiji Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fan, Xuanmei A1 - Scaringi, Gianvito A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - West, A. Joshua A1 - van Westen, Cees J. A1 - Tanyas, Hakan A1 - Hovius, Niels A1 - Hales, Tristram C. A1 - Jibson, Randall W. A1 - Allstadt, Kate E. A1 - Zhang, Limin A1 - Evans, Stephen G. A1 - Xu, Chong A1 - Li, Gen A1 - Pei, Xiangjun A1 - Xu, Qiang A1 - Huang, Runqiu T1 - Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards BT - Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts JF - Reviews of geophysics N2 - Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate‐ and large‐magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake‐induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface. KW - earthquake-induced landslides KW - debris flows KW - geohazards KW - landscape evolution KW - sediment cascade KW - continental earthquakes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000626 SN - 8755-1209 SN - 1944-9208 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 421 EP - 503 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumenstein, Oswald A1 - Krüger, Wolfgang T1 - Wüthrich, C., Die biologische Aktivität arktischer Böden mit spezieller Berücksichtigung ornithogen eutrophierter Gebiete (Spitzbergen und Finnmark); Basel, Wepf, 1994 BT - Die biologische Aktivität arktischer Böden mit spezieller Berücksichtigung ornithogen eutrophierter Gebiete (Spitzbergen und Finnmark) Y1 - 1995 ER -