TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Di Baldassarre, Giuliano
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1  - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Aronica, Giuseppe T.
A1  - Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten
A1  - Bouwer, Laurens M.
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
A1  - Caloiero, Tommaso
A1  - Chinh, Do T.
A1  - Cortes, Maria
A1  - Gain, Animesh K.
A1  - Giampa, Vincenzo
A1  - Kuhlicke, Christian
A1  - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.
A1  - Llasat, Maria Carmen
A1  - Mard, Johanna
A1  - Matczak, Piotr
A1  - Mazzoleni, Maurizio
A1  - Molinari, Daniela
A1  - Dung, Nguyen V.
A1  - Petrucci, Olga
A1  - Schröter, Kai
A1  - Slager, Kymo
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
A1  - Ward, Philip J.
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - Adaptation to flood risk
BT  - Results of international paired flood event studies
JF  - Earth's Future
N2  - As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, that is, consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socioeconomic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, for example, via raised risk awareness, preparedness, and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur.
KW  - flooding
KW  - vulnerability
KW  - global environmental change
KW  - adaptation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EF000606
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 953
EP  - 965
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M.
A1  - Bouwer, Laurens M.
A1  - Bubeck, Philip
A1  - Ciavola, Paolo
A1  - Green, Colin
A1  - Hallegatte, Stephane
A1  - Logar, Ivana
A1  - Meyer, Volker
A1  - Schwarze, Reimund
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Costing natural hazards
T2  - Nature climate change
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 1758-678X
SN  - 1758-6798
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
SP  - 303
EP  - 306
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Merz, Bruno
A1  - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.
A1  - Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten
A1  - Baldi, M.
A1  - Becker, Andrew C.
A1  - Bichet, A.
A1  - Bloeschl, G.
A1  - Bouwer, Laurens M.
A1  - Brauer, Achim
A1  - Cioffi, F.
A1  - Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins
A1  - Gocht, M.
A1  - Guzzetti, F.
A1  - Harrigan, S.
A1  - Hirschboeck, K.
A1  - Kilsby, C.
A1  - Kron, W.
A1  - Kwon, H. -H.
A1  - Lall, U.
A1  - Merz, R.
A1  - Nissen, K.
A1  - Salvatti, P.
A1  - Swierczynski, Tina
A1  - Ulbrich, U.
A1  - Viglione, A.
A1  - Ward, P. J.
A1  - Weiler, M.
A1  - Wilhelm, B.
A1  - Nied, Manuela
T1  - Floods and climate: emerging perspectives for flood risk assessment and management
JF  - Natural hazards and earth system sciences
N2  - Flood estimation and flood management have traditionally been the domain of hydrologists, water resources engineers and statisticians, and disciplinary approaches abound. Dominant views have been shaped; one example is the catchment perspective: floods are formed and influenced by the interaction of local, catchment-specific characteristics, such as meteorology, topography and geology. These traditional views have been beneficial, but they have a narrow framing. In this paper we contrast traditional views with broader perspectives that are emerging from an improved understanding of the climatic context of floods. We come to the following conclusions: (1) extending the traditional system boundaries (local catchment, recent decades, hydrological/hydraulic processes) opens up exciting possibilities for better understanding and improved tools for flood risk assessment and management. (2) Statistical approaches in flood estimation need to be complemented by the search for the causal mechanisms and dominant processes in the atmosphere, catchment and river system that leave their fingerprints on flood characteristics. (3) Natural climate variability leads to time-varying flood characteristics, and this variation may be partially quantifiable and predictable, with the perspective of dynamic, climate-informed flood risk management. (4) Efforts are needed to fully account for factors that contribute to changes in all three risk components (hazard, exposure, vulnerability) and to better understand the interactions between society and floods. (5) Given the global scale and societal importance, we call for the organization of an international multidisciplinary collaboration and data-sharing initiative to further understand the links between climate and flooding and to advance flood research.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1921-2014
SN  - 1561-8633
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
SP  - 1921
EP  - 1942
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouwer, Laurens M.
A1  - Papyrakis, Elissaios
A1  - Poussin, Jennifer
A1  - Pfurtscheller, Clemens
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - The costing of measures for natural hazard mitigation in Europe
JF  - Natural hazards review
N2  - The literature on the costing of mitigation measures for reducing impacts of natural hazards is rather fragmented. This paper provides a concise overview of the current state of knowledge in Europe on the costing of mitigation measures for the reduction of natural hazard risks (droughts, floods, storms and induced coastal hazards as well as alpine hazards) and identifies knowledge gaps and related research recommendations. Furthermore, it provides a taxonomy of related mitigation options, classifying them into nine categories: (1) management plans, land-use planning, and climate adaptation; (2) hazard modification; (3) infrastructure; (4) mitigation measures (stricto sensu); (5) communication in advance of events; (6) monitoring and early warning systems; (7) emergency response and evacuation; (8) financial incentives; and (9) risk transfer (including insurance). It is found that the costing of mitigation measures in European and in other countries has almost exclusively focused on estimating direct costs. A cost assessment framework that addresses a range of costs, possibly informed by multiple stakeholders, would provide more accurate estimates and could provide better guidance to decision makers. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
KW  - Natural hazards
KW  - Mitigation
KW  - Costs
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Risk reduction
KW  - Floods
KW  - Droughts
KW  - Coastal hazards
KW  - Alpine hazards
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000133
SN  - 1527-6988
SN  - 1527-6996
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
CY  - Reston
ER  -