TY - GEN A1 - Gleich, Tobias A1 - Spitta, Gianna A1 - Butler, Oisin A1 - Zacharias, Kristin A1 - Aydin, Semiha A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Schubert, Florian A1 - Buchert, Ralph A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen T1 - Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk BT - Towards a dimensional approach T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 849 KW - alcohol KW - D2/3 receptors KW - dependence KW - dopamine KW - high risk KW - PET Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549098 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 849 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Codeço, Marta S. A1 - Weis, Philipp A1 - Trumbull, Robert B. A1 - Van Hinsberg, Vincent A1 - Pinto, Filipe A1 - Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar A1 - Schleicher, Anja M. T1 - The imprint of hydrothermal fluids on trace-element contents in white mica and tourmaline from the Panasqueira W–Sn–Cu deposit, Portugal T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - White mica and tourmaline are the dominant hydrothermal alteration minerals at the world-class Panasqueira W-Sn-Cu deposit in Portugal. Thus, understanding the controls on their chemical composition helps to constrain ore formation processes at this deposit and determine their usefulness as pathfinder minerals for mineralization in general. We combine whole-rock geochemistry of altered and unaltered metasedimentary host rocks with in situ LA-ICP-MS measurements of tourmaline and white mica from the alteration halo. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to better identify geochemical patterns and trends of hydrothermal alteration in the datasets. The hydrothermally altered metasediments are enriched in As, Sn, Cs, Li, W, F, Cu, Rb, Zn, Tl, and Pb relative to unaltered samples. In situ mineral analyses show that most of these elements preferentially partition into white mica over tourmaline (Li, Rb, Cs, Tl, W, and Sn), whereas Zn is enriched in tourmaline. White mica has distinct compositions in different settings within the deposit (greisen, vein selvages, wall rock alteration zone, late fault zone), indicating a compositional evolution with time. In contrast, tourmaline from different settings overlaps in composition, which is ascribed to a stronger dependence on host rock composition and also to the effects of chemical zoning and microinclusions affecting the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Hence, in this deposit, white mica is the better recorder of the fluid composition. The calculated trace-element contents of the Panasqueira mineralizing fluid based on the mica data and estimates of mica-fluid partition coefficients are in good agreement with previous fluid-inclusion analyses. A compilation of mica and tourmaline trace-element compositions from Panasqueira and other W-Sn deposits shows that white mica has good potential as a pathfinder mineral, with characteristically high Li, Cs, Rb, Sn, and W contents. The trace-element contents of hydrothermal tourmaline are more variable. Nevertheless, the compiled data suggest that high Sn and Li contents are distinctive for tourmaline from W-Sn deposits. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1342 KW - alteration geochemistry KW - tourmaline KW - white mica KW - Panasqueira KW - Tungsten–tin deposits KW - magmatic-hydrothermal systems KW - trace elements Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519403 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1342 SP - 481 EP - 508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. A1 - Gorka, Michal A1 - Schulz, Karina A1 - Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine A1 - Sampathkumar, Arun A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Vierstra, Richard D. A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Selective autophagy regulates heat stress memory in Arabidopsis by NBR1-mediated targeting of HSP90.1 and ROF1 T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In nature, plants are constantly exposed to many transient, but recurring, stresses. Thus, to complete their life cycles, plants require a dynamic balance between capacities to recover following cessation of stress and maintenance of stress memory. Recently, we uncovered a new functional role for macroautophagy/autophagy in regulating recovery from heat stress (HS) and resetting cellular memory of HS inArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrated that NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1) plays a crucial role as a receptor for selective autophagy during recovery from HS. Immunoblot analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that levels of the NBR1 protein, NBR1-labeled puncta, and NBR1 activity are all higher during the HS recovery phase than before. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of proteins interacting with NBR1 and comparative proteomic analysis of annbr1-null mutant and wild-type plants identified 58 proteins as potential novel targets of NBR1. Cellular, biochemical and functional genetic studies confirmed that NBR1 interacts with HSP90.1 (heat shock protein 90.1) and ROF1 (rotamase FKBP 1), a member of the FKBP family, and mediates their degradation by autophagy, which represses the response to HS by attenuating the expression ofHSPgenes regulated by the HSFA2 transcription factor. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutation ofNBR1resulted in a stronger HS memory phenotype. Together, our results provide new insights into the mechanistic principles by which autophagy regulates plant response to recurrent HS. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1343 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSP90.1 KW - NBR1 KW - ROF1 KW - selective autophagy KW - stress memory KW - stress recovery Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-538186 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1343 SP - 2184 EP - 2199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tran, Quan Hong A1 - Bui, Ngoc Hong A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Dau, Nga Thi Ngoc A1 - Nguyen, Loan Thi A1 - Tran, Thuy Thi A1 - Khanh, Tran Dang A1 - Trung, Khuat Huu A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Vi, Son Lang T1 - Mapping-by-sequencing via MutMap identifies a mutation in ZmCLE7 underlying fasciation in a newly developed EMS mutant population in an elite tropical maize inbred T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1401 KW - EMS KW - MutMap KW - mutagenesis KW - CLE7 KW - tropical maize KW - fasciation KW - mapping Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515677 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Skiba, Vanessa T1 - Alpine speleothems as recorders of glacier evolution T1 - Alpine Speläotheme als Archive für Gletscherentwicklung N2 - The European Alps are amongst the regions with highest glacier mass loss rates over the last decades. Under the threat of ongoing climate change, the ability to predict glacier mass balance changes for water and risk management purposes has become imperative. This raises an urgent need for reliable glacier models. The European Alps do not only host glaciers, but also numerous caves containing carbonate formations, called speleothems. Previous studies have shown that those speleothems also grew during times when the cave was covered by a warm-based glacier. In this thesis, I utilise speleothems from the European Alps as archives of local, environmental conditions related to mountain glacier evolution. Previous studies have shown that speleothem isotope data from the Alps can be strongly affected by in-cave processes. Therefore, part of this thesis focusses on developing an isotope evolution model, which successfully reproduces differences between contemporaneous growing speleothems. The model is used to propose correction approaches for prior calcite precipitation effects on speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Applications on speleothem records from caves outside of the Alps demonstrate that corrected δ18O agrees better with other records and climate model simulations. Existing speleothem growth histories and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from Alpine caves located at different elevations are used to infer soil vs. glacier cover and the thermal regime of the glacier over the last glacial cycle. The compatibility with glacier evolution models is statistically assessed. A general agreement between speleothem δ13C-derived information on soil vs. glacier presence and modelled glacier coverage is found. However, glacier retreat during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 seems to be underestimated by the model. Furthermore, speleothem data provides evidence of surface temperature above the freezing point which is, however, not fully reproduced by the simulations. History of glacier cover and their thermal regime is explored for the high-elevation cave system Melchsee-Frutt in the Swiss Alps. Based on new (MIS 9b – MIS 7b, MIS 2) and available speleothem δ13C (MIS 7a – 5d) data, warm-based glacier cover is inferred for MIS 8, 7d, 6, and 2. Also a short period of cold-based ice coverage is found for early MIS 6. In a detailed multi-proxy analysis (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca), millennial-scale changes in the glacier-related source of the water infiltrating in the karst during MIS 8 and 7d are found and linked to Northern Hemisphere climate variability. While speleothem records from high-elevation cave sites in the Alps exhibit huge potential for glacier reconstruction, several limitations remain, which are discussed throughout this thesis. Ultimately, recommendations are given to further leverage subglacial speleothems as an archive of glacier dynamics. N2 - Die europäischen Alpen gehören zu den Regionen mit den höchsten Massenverlusten von Gletschern innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte. Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels ist die Vorhersage von Veränderungen in der Gletschermassenbilanz für das Wasser- und Risikomanagement unerlässlich geworden. Dafür werden zuverlässige Gletschermodelle dringend benötigt. Die europäischen Alpen beherbergen nicht nur Gletscher, sondern auch zahlreiche Höhlen inklusive Karbonatformationen, so genannte Speläotheme. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass diese Speläotheme auch zu Zeiten entstanden sind, als die Höhle von einem Gletscher mit warmem Eis an der Basis bedeckt war. In dieser Dissertation verwende ich Speläotheme aus den europäischen Alpen als Archive für lokale Bedingungen im Zusammenhang mit der Evolution von Gebirgsgletschern. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Isotopenzusammensetzung von Speläothemen aus den Alpen stark durch höhleninterne Prozesse beeinflusst werden können. Daher konzentriert sich ein Teil dieser Arbeit auf die Entwicklung eines Isotopenmodells, welches die Unterschiede zwischen gleichzeitig wachsenden Speläothemen erfolgreich reproduziert. Das Modell wird verwendet um Korrekturen der Auswirkungen solcher höhleninternen Prozesse auf die Sauerstoffisotope (δ18O) von Speläothemen vorzuschlagen. Die Anwendung auf Speläotheme aus Höhlen außerhalb der Alpen zeigt, dass das korrigierte δ18O besser mit anderen Datensätzen und Klimamodellsimulationen übereinstimmt. Bestehende Daten über die Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen und die Kohlenstoffisotope (δ13C) von Höhlen der Alpen aus verschiedenen Höhenlagen werden verwendet, um Rückschlüsse auf die Gletscherbedeckung und deren thermisches Regime während der letzten Eiszeit zu ziehen. Die Kompatibilität mit Modellen der zeitlichen Gletscherentwicklung wird statistisch bewertet. Es zeigt sich eine allgemeine Übereinstimmung zwischen dem aus den Speläothemen δ13C abgeleiteten Auftreten von Gletschern und der modellierten Gletscherbedeckung. Jedoch scheint der Gletscherrückgang während dem Isotopenstadium (MIS) 3 vom Modell unterschätzt zu werden. Darüber hinaus liefern die Speläothem Daten einen Hinweis auf Oberflächentemperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunkts, die von den Simulationen jedoch nicht vollständig wiedergegeben werden. Die Geschichte der Gletscherbedeckung und des thermischen Regimes der Gletscher wird für das hochgelegene Höhlensystem Melchsee-Frutt in den Schweizer Alpen genauer untersucht. Auf der Grundlage neuer (MIS 9b - MIS 7b, MIS 2) und verfügbarer δ13C Daten (MIS 7a - 5d) wird für MIS 8, 7d, 6 und 2 auf Gletscherbedeckung mit warmem Eis an der Basis an diesem Standort geschlossen. Es gibt außerdem Hinweise auf eine kurze Periode einer Eisbedeckung mit kaltem Eis während einer tausendjährigen Kälteperiode im vorletzten Glazial. In einer detaillierten Multi-Proxy-Analyse (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca und Sr/Ca) werden tausendjährige Schwankungen der gletscherabhängigen Quelle des in den Karst infiltrierenden Wassers während MIS 8 und 7d rekonstruiert und in Verbindung mit Klimavariabilität in der Nordhemisphäre gebracht. Obwohl Speläothem-Daten aus hochgelegenen Höhlen in den Alpen ein enormes Potenzial für Gletscherrekonstruktion aufweisen, gibt es noch immer Einschränkungen, die in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls diskutiert werden. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zur weiteren Nutzung von subglazialen Speläothemen als Archiv für Gletscherdynamik gegeben. KW - palaeoclimate KW - Paläoklima KW - glacier KW - Gletscher KW - speleothem KW - Speläothem KW - Alps KW - Alpen KW - glacials KW - Eiszeiten KW - abrupt transitions KW - abrupte Ereignisse Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-655379 ER - TY - THES A1 - El Youssoufi, Dalal T1 - Stellar populations, morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic clouds N2 - Galaxy morphology is a fossil record of how galaxies formed and evolved and can be regarded as a function of the dynamical state of a galaxy. It encodes the physical processes that dominate its evolutionary history, and is strongly aligned with physical properties like stellar mass, star formation rate and local environment. At a distance of ∼50 and 60 kpc, the Magellanic Clouds represent the nearest interacting pair of dwarf irregular galaxies to the Milky Way, rendering them an important test bed for galaxy morphology in the context of galaxy interactions and the effect of the local environment in which they reside. The Large Magellanic Cloud is classified as the prototype for Magellanic Spiral galaxies, with one prominent spiral arm, an offset bar and an inclined rotating disc while the Small Magellanic Cloud is classified as a dwarf Irregular galaxy and is known for its unstructured shape and large depth across the line–of–sight. Resolved stellar populations are powerful probes of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, the proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows us to resolve their stellar populations to individual stars that share coherent chemical and age distributions. The coherent properties of resolved stellar populations enable us to analyse them as a function of position within the Magellanic Clouds, offering a picture of the growth of the galaxies’ substructures over time and yielding a comprehensive view of their morphology. Furthermore, investigating the kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds offers valuable insights into their dynamics and evolutionary history. By studying the motions and velocities of stars within these galaxies, we can trace their past interactions, with the Milky Way or with each other and unravel the complex interplay of forces that have influenced the Magellanic Clouds’ formation and evolution. In Chapter 2, the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds was employed to generate unprecedented high-resolution morphological maps of the Magellanic Clouds in the near-infrared. Utilising colour-magnitude diagrams and theoretical evolutionary models to segregate stellar populations, this approach enabled a comprehensive age tomography of the galaxies. It revealed previously uncharacterised features in their central regions at spatial resolutions of 0.13 kpc (Large Magellanic Cloud) and 0.16 kpc (Small Magellanic Cloud), the findings showcased the impact of tidal interactions on their inner regions. Notably, the study highlighted the enhanced coherent structures in the Large Magellanic Cloud, shedding light on the significant role of the recent Magellanic Clouds’ interaction 200 Myr ago in shaping many of the fine structures. The Small Magellanic Cloud revealed asymmetry in younger populations and irregularities in intermediate-age ones, pointing towards the influence of past tidal interactions. In Chapter 3, an examination of the outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds led to the identification of new substructures through the use of near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and multi-dimensional phase-space information from Gaia. The distances and proper motions of these substructures were investigated. This analysis revealed the impact of past Magellanic Clouds’ interactions and the influence of the Milky Way’s tidal field on the morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. A bi-modal distance distribution was identified within the luminosity function of the red clump stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, notably in its eastern regions, with the foreground substructure being attributed to the Magellanic Clouds’ interaction around 200 Myr ago. Furthermore, associations with the Counter Bridge and Old Bridge were uncovered through the detection of background and foreground structures in various regions of the SMC. In chapter 4, a detailed kinematic analysis of the Small Magellanic Cloud was conducted using spectra from the European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. The study reveals distinct kinematics in the Wing and bar regions, attributed to interactions with the Large Magellanic Cloud and variations in star formation history. Notably, velocity disparities are observed in the bar’s young main sequence stars, aligning with specific star-forming episodes, and suggesting potential galactic stretching or tidal stripping, as corroborated by proper motion studies. N2 - Galaxienmorphologie ist ein fossiles Aufzeichnungsmaterial dafür, wie Galaxien entstanden und sich entwickelt haben und kann als Funktion des dynamischen Zustands einer Galaxie betrachtet werden. Sie kodiert die physischen Prozesse, die ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte dominieren, und ist stark mit physischen Eigenschaften wie stellare Masse, Sternentstehungsrate und lokaler Umgebung verknüpft. In einer Entfernung von ∼50 und 60 kpc stellen die Magellanschen Wolken das nächstgelegene interagierende Paar von Zwergirregulären Galaxien zur Milchstraße dar und sind somit ein wichtiges Testfeld für Galaxienmorphologie im Kontext von Galaxieninteraktionen und dem Einfluss der lokalen Umgebung, in der sie sich befinden. Die Große Magellansche Wolke wird als Prototyp für Magellanische Spiralgalaxien klassifiziert, mit einem prominenten Spiralarm, einem versetzten Balken und einer geneigten rotierenden Scheibe, während die Kleine Magellansche Wolke als Zwergirreguläre Galaxie klassifiziert wird und für ihre unstrukturierte Form und große Tiefe entlang der Sichtlinie bekannt ist. Aufgelöste Sternpopulationen sind mächtige Sonden für eine breite Palette von astrophysikalischen Phänomenen, die Nähe der Magellanschen Wolken ermöglicht es uns, ihre Sternpopulationen bis zu einzelnen Sternen aufzulösen, die kohärente chemische und Altersverteilungen aufweisen. Die kohärenten Eigenschaften von aufgelösten Sternpopulationen ermöglichen es uns, sie als Funktion der Position innerhalb der Magellanschen Wolken zu analysieren, und bieten ein Bild des Wachstums der Galaxienunterstrukturen über die Zeit und vermitteln eine umfassende Sicht auf ihre Morphologie. Darüber hinaus bietet die Untersuchung der Kinetik der Magellanschen Wolken wertvolle Einblicke in ihre Dynamik und Entwicklungsgeschichte. Durch das Studium der Bewegungen und Geschwindigkeiten der Sterne innerhalb dieser Galaxien können wir ihre vergangenen Interaktionen, sei es mit der Milchstraße oder untereinander, nachverfolgen und das komplexe Zusammenspiel der Kräfte, die die Formation und Evolution der Magellanschen Wolken beeinflusst haben, entwirren. In Kapitel 2 wurde die VISTA Untersuchung der Magellanschen Wolken verwendet, um bisher beispiellose hochauflösende morphologische Karten der Magellanschen Wolken im nahen Infrarot zu erstellen. Mit Hilfe von Farb-Helligkeits-Diagrammen und theoretischen Entwicklungsmodellen zur Abgrenzung der Sternpopulationen ermöglichte dieser Ansatz eine umfassende Alters-Tomographie der Galaxien. Es wurden bisher unbekannte Merkmale in ihren Zentralregionen mit räumlichen Auflösungen von 0,13 kpc (Große Magellansche Wolke) und 0,16 kpc (Kleine Magellansche Wolke) offenbart, die Ergebnisse zeigten die Auswirkungen von Gezeitenwechselwirkungen auf ihre inneren Regionen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Studie die verstärkten kohärenten Strukturen in der Großen Magellanschen Wolke hervorhob und auf die bedeutende Rolle der jüngsten Interaktion der Magellanschen Wolken vor 200 Myr bei der Formung vieler Feinstrukturen hinwies. Die Kleine Magellansche Wolke zeigte Asymmetrie in jüngeren Populationen und Unregelmäßigkeiten bei mittelalten, was auf den Einfluss vergangener Gezeitenwechselwirkungen hinweist. In Kapitel 3 führte eine Untersuchung der Außenbereiche der Magellanschen Wolken zur Identifizierung neuer Unterstrukturen durch die Nutzung von Nahinfrarot-Photometrie aus der VISTA Hemisphere Survey und mehrdimensionalen Phasenraum-Informationen von Gaia. Die Entfernungen und Eigenbewegungen dieser Unterstrukturen wurden untersucht. Diese Analyse offenbarte die Auswirkungen vergangener Interaktionen der Magellanschen Wolken und den Einfluss des Gezeitenfeldes der Milchstraße auf die Morphologie und Kinetik der Magellanschen Wolken. Eine bimodale Entfernungsverteilung wurde innerhalb der Leuchtkraftfunktion der Red-Clump-Sterne in der Kleinen Magellanschen Wolke identifiziert, insbesondere in ihren östlichen Regionen, wobei die Vordergrundstruktur der Interaktion der Magellanschen Wolken vor etwa 200 Myr zugeschrieben wurde. Zudem wurden durch die Entdeckung von Hintergrund- und Vordergrundstrukturen in verschiedenen Regionen der SMC Assoziationen mit der Counter Bridge und Old Bridge aufgedeckt. In Kapitel 4 wurde eine detaillierte kinematische Analyse der Kleinen Magellanschen Wolke durchgeführt, unter Verwendung von Spektren aus der European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. Die Studie zeigt unterschiedliche Kinetik in den Wing- und Bar-Regionen auf, die auf Interaktionen mit der Großen Magellanschen Wolke und Variationen in der Sternentstehungsgeschichte zurückgeführt werden. Bemerkenswert sind Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede, die bei den jungen Hauptreihensternen der Bar beobachtet werden, die mit spezifischen Sternentstehungs-Episoden übereinstimmen und auf potenzielle galaktische Dehnung oder Gezeitenstripping hinweisen, wie es durch Studien der Eigenbewegung bestätigt wird. T2 - Stellare Populationen, Morphologie und Kinematik der Magellanschen Wolken KW - Near-field Cosmology KW - Stellar Populations KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - Galaxy Interactions KW - Galaxy Morphology KW - Stellare Populationen KW - Nahfeldkosmologie KW - Magellansche Wolken KW - Galaxienwechselwirkungen KW - Galaxienmorphologie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-652607 ER - TY - THES A1 - Noureen, Riffat T1 - The dark side of empowering leadership N2 - As followers are becoming more educated and better connected, empowering leadership has gained traction in recent times as an alternative to traditional top-down models of leadership. Several scholars have investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and other variables in different contexts. As most previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of empowering leadership, research on its potential dark side is scarce. Furthermore, no previous study has examined whether and how the transfer of workload from followers to leaders can occur over time, which I proposed can lead to emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict among leaders. Therefore, I proposed that despite the positive outcomes of empowering leadership for both followers and leaders, it may also trigger negative outcomes capable of affecting the well-being of leaders. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) theory, and Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT) effect model, I investigated this idea. Using follower workload as a moderator, I proposed that the relationship between empowering leadership and leader workload is positive when follower workload is high and negative when follower workload is low. In addition, I examined how empowering leadership interacts with follower workload to affect leader emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict, mediated by leader workload. I proposed that this interaction results in a negative relationship between empowering leadership and both outcomes when follower workload is low, and a positive relationship when it is high. I tested these hypotheses using data from a three-wave time-lagged design field study with 65 leader-follower dyads consisting of civil servants from different administrative entities of India and Pakistan. The time lag between each study variable was four weeks. At Time 1 (T1), followers answered questions about demographic characteristics, virtual interaction with their leaders, their workload, and the extent to which their leaders practice empowering leadership. At the same time, leaders answered questions about demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction. At Time 2 (T2), leaders provided data on their own workload. Finally, at Time 3 (T3), leaders rated their emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict. A moderated mediation model was tested using PROCESS Model 7 in R. The findings of the study reveal that a significant increase in follower workload through empowering leadership will also increase the leader's workload. Consequently, this increased leader workload leads to a crossover of this interactive effect onto the level of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict experienced by leaders. This research offers various contributions to the leadership literature. While empowering leadership has been commonly associated with positive outcomes, my study reveals that it can also lead to negative outcomes. In addition, it shifts the focus of existing research from the effect of empowering leadership on followers to the consequences that it might have for leaders themselves. Overall, my research underscores the need for leaders to consider the potential counterproductive effects of empowering leadership and tailor their approach accordingly. N2 - Empowering Leadership hat in jüngster Zeit als Alternative zu traditionellen Top-Down-Führungsmodellen an Bedeutung gewonnen, da die Mitarbeiter besser ausgebildet und vernetzt sind. Verschiedene Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen haben den Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und anderen Variablen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten untersucht. Da sich die Literatur zu Empowering Leadership bisher überwiegend auf positive Effekte beschränkt hat, gibt es derzeit nur wenige Studien, die sich mit potentiellen negativen Effekten beschäftigt haben. Unter anderem wurde bisher nicht untersucht, ob und wie es im Laufe der Zeit zu einer Übertragung der Arbeitsbelastung von den Geführten auf die Führungskräfte kommen kann, was zu emotionaler Erschöpfung und Konflikten zwischen Beruf und Familie bei den Führungskräften führen kann. Daher nehme ich an, dass trotz der positiven Ergebnisse, die Empowering Leadership sowohl für Geführte als auch für Führungskräfte hat, diese Form von Führung auch negative Effekte auf das Wohlergehen der Führungskräfte haben kann. Mithilfe der Conservation of Resources Theorie (COR), der Job Demand-Resources Theorie (JD-R) und dem Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing Modell (TMGT) habe ich diese Annahme untersucht. Ich nehme an, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und der Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft positiv ist, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten hoch ist, und negativ, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten niedrig ist. Darüber hinaus habe ich untersucht, wie Empowering Leadership mit der Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten zusammenwirkt und sich durch die Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft auf die emotionale Erschöpfung und Konflikte zwischen Beruf und Familie bei Führungskräften auswirkt. Ich nehme an, dass diese Interaktion zu einem negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und beiden abhängigen Variablen führt, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten niedrig ist, und zu einem positiven Zusammenhang, wenn sie hoch ist. Ich habe diese Hypothesen mithilfe einer Feldstudie mit einem zeitversetzten Drei-Wellen-Designs mit 65 Leader-Follower Dyaden getestet, die aus Beamten verschiedener Verwaltungseinheiten in Indien und Pakistan bestanden. Die Zeitspanne zwischen den einzelnen Studienvariablen betrug vier Wochen. Zum Zeitpunkt 1 (T1) beantworteten die Geführten Fragen zu demographischen Merkmalen, zur virtuellen Interaktion mit ihren Führungskräften, zu ihrer Arbeitsbelastung und zum Ausmaß, in dem ihre Führungskräfte Empowering Leadership praktiziert. Gleichzeitig beantworteten die Führungskräfte Fragen zu demographischen Merkmalen und ihrer Arbeitszufriedenheit. Zum Zeitpunkt 2 (T2) stellten die Führungskräfte Daten zu ihrer eigenen Arbeitsbelastung bereit. Schließlich bewerteten die Führungskräfte zum Zeitpunkt 3 (T3) ihre emotionale Erschöpfung und ihren Konflikt zwischen Beruf und Familie. Ein moderiertes Mediationsmodell wurde mit PROCESS Model 7 in R getestet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass eine Steigerung der Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten durch Empowering Leadership auch die Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft erhöht. Außerdem führt eine erhöhte Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft dazu, dass sich dieser interaktive Effekt auf die Ebene der emotionalen Erschöpfung und die Konflikte zwischen Familie und Beruf der Führungskraft überträgt. Diese Arbeit leistet mehrere wichtige Beiträge zur Führungsliteratur. Während Empowering Leadership häufig mit positiven Effekten bei Geführten in Verbindung gebracht wird, zeigt meine Studie, dass sie auch negative Effekte haben kann. Darüber hinaus hilft sie dabei, den Fokus der bestehenden Forschung von der Wirkung von Empowering Leadership auf die Geführten zu den Konsequenzen für Führungskräfte selbst zu verschieben. Insgesamt unterstreicht meine Forschung, dass Führungskräfte die potenziell kontraproduktiven Auswirkungen von Empowering Leadership berücksichtigen und ihren Führungsansatz entsprechend anpassen sollten. KW - empowering leadership KW - follower workload KW - leader workload KW - emotional exhaustion KW - work-family conflict KW - Empowering Leadership KW - Arbeitsbelastung der Mitarbeiter KW - Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft KW - emotionale Erschöpfung der Führungskraft KW - Konflikt zwischen Beruf und Familie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-655318 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tritschler, Ulrich A1 - Delgado López, José Manuel A1 - Umbach, Tobias R. A1 - Van Driessche, Alexander E. S. A1 - Schlaad, Helmut A1 - Cölfen, Helmut A1 - Kellermeier, Matthias T1 - Oriented attachment and aggregation as a viable pathway to self-assembled organic/inorganic hybrid materials JF - CrystEngComm N2 - Organic-inorganic composite materials with tailored properties can be designed in the lab through bioinspired approaches. In this context, we exploited the particle-based crystallisation process of calcium sulfate, a technologically important mineral, to hybridise inorganic and organic matter. We identified and synthesised an organic polymer showing strong affinity to bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors as well as intrinsic tendency to self-organise. Subsequently, polymer-coated building units were allowed to self-assemble via oriented attachment, aggregation and phase transformation, which produced ordered superstructures where the organic polymer is intercalated between the subunits and surrounds the hybrid core as a shell. This specific architecture across multiple length scales leads to unique mechanical properties, comparable to those of natural biominerals. Thus, our results devise a straightforward pathway to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid structures via bottom-up self-assembly processes innate to the crystallisation of the inorganic phase. This approach can likely be transferred to other inorganic minerals, affording next-generation materials for applications in the construction sector, biomedicine and beyond. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ce00447j SN - 1466-8033 VL - 24 IS - 36 SP - 6320 EP - 6329 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Fernandez Palomino, Carlos Antonio T1 - Understanding hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes of Peru and Ecuador and their responses to climate change T1 - Verständnis der hydrologischen Dynamik in den tropischen Anden von Peru und Ecuador und ihrer Reaktionen auf den Klimawandel N2 - Human-induced climate change is impacting the global water cycle by, e.g., causing changes in precipitation patterns, evapotranspiration dynamics, cryosphere shrinkage, and complex streamflow trends. These changes, coupled with the increased frequency and severity of extreme hydrometeorological events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves, contribute to hydroclimatic disasters, posing significant implications for local and global infrastructure, human health, and overall productivity. In the tropical Andes, climate change is evident through warming trends, glacier retreats, and shifts in precipitation patterns, leading to altered risks of floods and droughts, e.g., in the upper Amazon River basin. Projections for the region indicate rising temperatures, potential glacier disappearance or substantial shrinkage, and altered streamflow patterns, highlighting challenges in water availability due to these expected changes and growing human water demand. The evolving trends in hydroclimatic conditions in the tropical Andes present significant challenges to socioeconomic and environmental systems, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding to guide effective adaptation policies and strategies in response to the impacts of climate change in the region. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes of Peru and Ecuador and their responses to climate change. Given the scarcity of hydrometeorological data in the region, this objective was accomplished through a comprehensive data preparation and analysis in combination with hydrological modeling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) eco-hydrological model. In this context, the initial steps involved assessing, identifying, and/or generating more reliable climate input data to address data limitations. The thesis introduces RAIN4PE, a high-resolution precipitation dataset for Peru and Ecuador, developed by merging satellite, reanalysis, and ground-based data with surface elevation through the random forest method. Further adjustments of precipitation estimates were made for catchments influenced by fog/cloud water input on the eastern side of the Andes using streamflow data and applying the method of reverse hydrology. RAIN4PE surpasses other global and local precipitation datasets, showcasing superior reliability and accuracy in representing precipitation patterns and simulating hydrological processes across the tropical Andes. This establishes it as the optimal precipitation product for hydrometeorological applications in the region. Due to the significant biases and limitations of global climate models (GCMs) in representing key atmospheric variables over the tropical Andes, this study developed regionally adapted GCM simulations specifically tailored for Peru and Ecuador. These simulations are known as the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset, and they were derived using reliable, high-resolution datasets like RAIN4PE as reference data. The BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset shows notable improvements over raw GCM simulations, reflecting enhanced representations of observed climate properties and accurate simulation of streamflow, including high and low flow indices. This renders it suitable for assessing regional climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, and hydrological extremes. In addition to generating more accurate climatic input data, a reliable hydrological model is essential for simulating watershed hydrological processes. To tackle this challenge, the thesis presents an innovative multiobjective calibration framework integrating remote sensing vegetation data, baseflow index, discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, and flow duration curve signatures. In contrast to traditional calibration strategies relying solely on discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, this approach enhances the simulation of vegetation, streamflow, and the partitioning of flow into surface runoff and baseflow in a typical Andean catchment. The refined hydrological model calibration strategy was applied to conduct reliable simulations and understand current and future hydrological trajectories in the tropical Andes. By establishing a region-suitable and thoroughly tested hydrological model with high-resolution and reliable precipitation input data from RAIN4PE, this study provides new insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of water balance components in Peru and transboundary catchments. Key findings underscore the estimation of Peru's total renewable freshwater resource (total river runoff of 62,399 m3/s), with the Peruvian Amazon basin contributing 97.7%. Within this basin, the Amazon-Andes transition region emerges as a pivotal hotspot for water yield (precipitation minus evapotranspiration), characterized by abundant rainfall and lower atmospheric water demand/evapotranspiration. This finding underlines its paramount role in influencing the hydrological variability of the entire Amazon basin. Subsurface hydrological pathways, particularly baseflow from aquifers, strongly influence water yield in lowland and Andean catchments, sustaining streamflow, especially during the extended dry season. Water yield demonstrates an elevation- and latitude-dependent increase in the Pacific Basin (catchments draining into the Pacific Ocean), while it follows an unimodal curve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin, peaking in the Amazon-Andes transition region. This observation indicates an intricate relationship between water yield and elevation. In Amazon lowlands rivers, particularly in the Ucayali River, floodplains play a significant role in shaping streamflow seasonality by attenuating and delaying peak flows for up to two months during periods of high discharge. This observation underscores the critical importance of incorporating floodplain dynamics into hydrological simulations and river management strategies for accurate modeling and effective water resource management. Hydrological responses vary across different land use types in high Andean catchments. Pasture areas exhibit the highest water yield, while agricultural areas and mountain forests show lower yields, emphasizing the importance of puna (high-altitude) ecosystems, such as pastures, páramos, and bofedales, in regulating natural storage. Projected future hydrological trajectories were analyzed by driving the hydrological model with regionalized GCM simulations provided by the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset. The analysis considered sustainable (low warming, SSP1-2.6) and fossil fuel-based development (high-end warming, SSP5-8.5) scenarios for the mid (2035-2065) and end (2065-2095) of the century. The projected changes in water yield and streamflow across the tropical Andes exhibit distinct regional and seasonal variations, particularly amplified under a high-end warming scenario towards the end of the century. Projections suggest year-round increases in water yield and streamflow in the Andean regions and decreases in the Amazon lowlands, with exceptions such as the northern Amazon expecting increases during wet seasons. Despite these regional differences, the upper Amazon River's streamflow is projected to remain relatively stable throughout the 21st century. Additionally, projections anticipate a decrease in low flows in the Amazon lowlands and an increased risk of high flows (floods) in the Andean and northern Amazon catchments. This thesis significantly contributes to enhancing climatic data generation, overcoming regional limitations that previously impeded hydrometeorological research, and creating new opportunities. It plays a crucial role in advancing hydrological model calibration, improving the representation of internal hydrological processes, and achieving accurate results for the right reasons. Novel insights into current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes are fundamental for improving water resource management. The anticipated intensified changes in water flows and hydrological extreme patterns under a high-end warming scenario highlight the urgency of implementing emissions mitigation and adaptation measures to address the heightened impacts on water resources. In fact, the new datasets (RAIN4PE and BASD-CMIP6-PE) have already been utilized by researchers and experts in regional and local-scale projects and catchments in Peru and Ecuador. For instance, they have been applied in river catchments such as Mantaro, Piura, and San Pedro to analyze local historical and future developments in climate and water resources. N2 - Menschgemachter Klimawandel beeinflusst den globalen Wasserkreislauf durch Veränderungen in Niederschlagsmustern, Verdunstungsdynamiken, dem Rückgang der Gletscher und komplexen Trends in den Abflussraten in den Flüssen. Diese Veränderungen, gepaart mit der zunehmenden Häufigkeit und Schwere von extremen hydrometeorologischen Ereignissen wie Überschwemmungen, Dürren und Hitzewellen, tragen zu hydroklimatischen Katastrophen bei und haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf lokale und globale Infrastruktur, die menschliche Gesundheit und die Gesamtproduktivität. In den tropischen Anden zeigt sich der Klimawandel durch Erwärmungstrends, Gletscherschmelzen und Verschiebungen in den Niederschlagsmustern, was zu erhöhten Risiken von Überschwemmungen und Dürren führt, beispielsweise im oberen Amazonas-Einzugsgebiet. Projektionen für die Region deuten auf steigende Temperaturen, potenzielles Verschwinden oder erhebliche Schrumpfung von Gletschern und veränderte Abflussmuster hin, was die Herausforderungen bei der Wasserverfügbarkeit aufgrund dieser erwarteten Veränderungen und des wachsenden menschlichen Wasserbedarfs zeigt. Die Trends in den hydroklimatischen Bedingungen in den tropischen Anden stellen erhebliche Herausforderungen für sozioökonomische und Umweltsysteme dar und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit eines umfassenden Verständnisses, um effektive Anpassungspolitiken und -strategien im Hinblick auf die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in der Region zu steuern. Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die aktuellen hydrologischen Dynamiken in den tropischen Anden von Peru und Ecuador und ihre Reaktionen auf den Klimawandel zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der Knappheit von hydrometeorologischen Daten in der Region wurde dieses Ziel durch eine umfassende Datenvorbereitung und -analyse in Kombination mit hydrologische Modellierung mithilfe des ökohydrologischen Modells Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) erreicht. Die ersten Schritte umfassten die Bewertung, Identifizierung und/oder Generierung zuverlässigerer Klimadaten, um Datenbeschränkungen zu bewältigen. Die Arbeit beginnt mit der Vorstellung von RAIN4PE, einen hochauflösenden Niederschlagsdatensatz für Peru und Ecuador, der durch die Zusammenführung von Satelliten-, Reanalysen- und bodengestützten Daten mit der Geländeoberfläche durch die Methode des Random Forest entwickelt wurde. Weitere Anpassungen der Niederschlagsschätzungen erfolgen unter Verwendung von Abflussdaten für Einzugsgebiete, die durch den Einfluss von Nebel-/Wolkenwasser auf der östlichen Seite der Anden beeinflusst werden, und mit Hilfe der Methode der Reverse-Hydrologie. RAIN4PE übertrifft andere globale und lokale Niederschlagsdatensätze und zeigt eine überlegene Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit bei der Darstellung von Niederschlagsmustern und der Simulation hydrologischer Prozesse in den tropischen Anden. Dies etabliert ihn als das optimale Niederschlagsprodukt für hydrometeorologische Anwendungen in der Region. Aufgrund der signifikanten Ungenauigkeiten und Beschränkungen globaler Klimamodelle (GCMs) bei der Darstellung wichtiger atmosphärischer Variablen über den tropischen Anden entwickelte diese Studie regional angepasste GCM-Simulationen, die speziell für Peru und Ecuador maßgeschneidert wurden. Diese Simulationen sind als der BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatz bekannt und wurden unter Verwendung zuverlässiger, hochauflösender Datensätze wie RAIN4PE als Referenzdaten abgeleitet. Der BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatz weist gegenüber rohen GCM-Ergebnissen bedeutende Verbesserungen auf, zeigt eine verbesserte Darstellung beobachteter Klimaeigenschaften und eine genaue Simulation des Wasserabflusses einschließlich seiner Hoch- und Niedrigflussindizes. Dies macht ihn geeignet, regionale Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Landwirtschaft, Wasserressourcen und hydrologische Extremereignisse zu bewerten. Zusätzlich zur Generierung genauerer klimatischer Eingabedaten ist ein zuverlässiges hydrologisches Modell für die Simulation hydrologischer Dynamiken im Einzugsgebiet unerlässlich. Um diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen, stellt die Arbeit einen innovativen multiobjektiven Kalibrierungsrahmen vor, der fernerkundungsbasierte Vegetationsdaten, Basisabfluss-Index, Abflussgütemaße und Kennzeichen der Abflussdauerkurve integriert. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Kalibrierungsstrategien, die ausschließlich auf Abflussgütemaße beruhen, verbessert dieser Ansatz die Simulation von Vegetation, Wasserabfluss und Aufteilung des Abflusses in Oberflächen- und Basisabfluss in einem typischen Anden-Einzugsgebiet. Die verfeinerte Kalibrierungsstrategie des hydrologischen Modells wurde angewendet, um zuverlässigere Simulationen zu erzielen und aktuelle und zukünftige hydrologische Entwicklungen in den tropischen Anden zu verstehen. Aufbauend auf einer der Region angepassten hydrologischen Modell mit hochauflösenden und zuverlässigen Niederschlagsdaten von RAIN4PE liefert diese Studie neue Einblicke in die räumlich-zeitliche Verteilung von Wasserbilanzkomponenten in Peru und grenzüberschreitenden Einzugsgebieten. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse betonen die Schätzung der Gesamtmenge an erneuerbarem Süßwasser in Peru (Gesamtwasserabfluss von 62.399 m3/s), wobei das peruanische Amazonasbecken 97,7% dazu beiträgt. Innerhalb dieses Beckens wird die Übergangsregion Amazonas-Anden als zentraler Hotspot für Wasserertrag (Niederschlag minus Evapotranspiration) hervorgehoben, geprägt durch reichlichen Niederschlag und eine geringere atmosphärische Wassernachfrage/Evapotranspiration. Diese Erkenntnis unterstreicht ihre herausragende Rolle bei der Beeinflussung der hydrologischen Variabilität des gesamten Amazonasbeckens. Unterirdische hydrologische Komponenten, insbesondere der Grundwasserabfluss, beeinflussen deutlich die Abflussbildung in Tiefland- und Anden-Einzugsgebieten und unterstützen den Abfluss in den Flüssen, insbesondere während der verlängerten Trockenzeit. Wasserertrag zeigt einen höhen- und breitengradabhängigen Anstieg im Pazifikbecken (Einzugsgebiete, die in den Pazifik münden), während er im peruanischen Amazonasbecken einer unimodalen Kurve folgt und im Übergangsgebiet Amazonas-Anden seinen Höhepunkt erreicht. Dieses Ergebnis verdeutlicht den Zusammenhang zwischen Abflussbildung und Geländehöhe. In Flüssen der Tiefebenen des Amazonas, insbesondere im Ucayali-Fluss, spielen Überschwemmungsgebiete eine bedeutende Rolle bei der saisonalen Wasserflussdynamik, indem sie Spitzenflüsse für bis zu zwei Monate während Perioden hoher Abflüsse abschwächen und verzögern. Dieses Ergebnis unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit der Einbeziehung von Überschwemmungsdynamiken in hydrologische Simulationen und Flussmanagementstrategien für eine präzise Modellierung und effektive Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Hydrologische Reaktionen variieren je nach Landnutzungstypen in hohen Anden-Einzugsgebieten. Weideflächen zeigen den höchsten Wasserertrag, während landwirtschaftliche Flächen und Bergwälder geringere Wasserertrag aufweisen, was die Bedeutung von Puna (hochgelegenen) Ökosystemen wie Weiden, Páramos und Bofedales bei der Regulierung natürlicher Speicher betont. Projektierte zukünftige hydrologische Entwicklungen wurden analysiert, indem das hydrologische Modell mit regionalisierten GCM-Simulationen des BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatzes angetrieben wurde. Diese Analyse berücksichtigte nachhaltige (geringe Erwärmung, SSP1-2.6) und auf starker Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe basierende (hochgradige Erwärmung, SSP5-8.5) Szenarien für die Mitte (2035-2065) und das Ende (2065-2095) des 21. Jahrhunderts. Die projektierten Veränderungen in Wasserertrag und Wasserabfluss in den tropischen Anden zeigen deutliche regionale und saisonale Variationen, insbesondere unter einem Szenario mit hoher Erwärmung gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts. Diese Projektionen deuten auf ganzjährige Zunahmen im Wasserertrag und Wasserabfluss in den Andenregionen und Rückgänge in den Tiefebenen des Amazonas hin, mit Ausnahmen wie im nördlichen Amazonasgebiet, wo Zunahmen während der Regenzeiten projektiert werden. Trotz dieser regionalen Unterschiede wird der jährliche Wasserabfluss des oberen Amazonas voraussichtlich im gesamten 21. Jahrhundert relativ stabil bleiben. Darüber hinaus deuten die Projektionen auf eine Abnahme der Niedrigabflüsse in den Tiefebenen des Amazonas und ein erhöhtes Risiko von Hochwasserabflüssen (Überschwemmungen) in den Anden- und nördlichen Amazonas-Einzugsgebieten hin. Diese Arbeit trägt erheblich zur Verbesserung der Datenlage bzgl. des Klimas in dieser Region bei, überwindet regionale Datenbegrenzungen, die zuvor hydrometeorologische Forschung behinderten, und schafft neue Möglichkeiten. Sie trägt zur Fortentwicklung der Kalibrierung hydrologischer Modelle bei, der Verbesserung der Darstellung interner hydrologischer Prozesse und damit der Erzielung hydrologisch konsistenter Simulationsergebnisse. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse zu den hydrologischen Dynamiken in den tropischen Anden sind grundlegend für eine verbesserte Bewirtschaftung der regionalen Wasserressourcen. Die erwartete Intensivierung des regionalen Wasserkreislaufs unter einem Szenario mit hoher Erwärmung unterstreichen die Dringlichkeit der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Emissionsminderung und Anpassung, um den verstärkten Auswirkungen auf Wasserressourcen zu begegnen. Tatsächlich wurden die neuen Datensätze (RAIN4PE und BASD-CMIP6-PE) bereits von Forschern und Experten in regionalen und lokalen Projekten und Einzugsgebieten in Peru und Ecuador genutzt. Zum Beispiel wurden sie in Flusseinzugsgebieten wie Mantaro, Piura und San Pedro angewendet, um lokale historische und zukünftige Entwicklungen in Klima und Wasserressourcen zu analysieren. KW - hydrology KW - Hydrologie KW - tropical Andes KW - tropische Anden KW - climate change KW - Klimawandel KW - water resources KW - Wasserressourcen KW - RAIN4PE KW - RAIN4PE KW - BASD-CMIP6-PE KW - BASD-CMIP6-PE Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-656534 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaw, Frank A1 - Kohler, Jorn A1 - Hawlitschek, Oliver A1 - Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M. A1 - Rakotoarison, Andolalao A1 - Scherz, Mark D. A1 - Vences, Miguel T1 - Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons JF - Scientific reports N2 - Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - SPringer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Berg, Christian A1 - Mora, Maximilian A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Function-based rhizosphere assembly along a gradient of desiccation in the former Aral Sea JF - mSystems N2 - The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities. Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways. In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights. By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages. In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria. The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. KW - Aral Sea KW - microbiome KW - desiccation KW - nutrient cycling KW - soil microorganisms KW - revegetation KW - archaea KW - bacteria KW - metagenome Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00739-22 SN - 2379-5077 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermann, Anne A1 - Sanchez-Pastor, Pilar A1 - Wu, Sin-Mei A1 - Wollin, Christopher A1 - Baird, Alan F. A1 - Isken, Marius Paul A1 - Clinton, John A1 - Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Wüstefeld, Andreas A1 - Shi, Peidong A1 - Lanza, Federica A1 - Gyger, Lea A1 - Wetter, Selina A1 - Hjorleifsdottir, Vala A1 - Langet, Nadege A1 - Brynjarsson, Baldur A1 - Jousset, Philippe A1 - Wiemer, Stefan T1 - Combined large-N seismic arrays and DAS fiber optic cables across the Hengill geothermal field, Iceland JF - Seismological research letters N2 - From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets. Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220073 SN - 0895-0695 SN - 1938-2057 VL - 93 IS - 5 SP - 2498 EP - 2514 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vyse, Stuart A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Pfalz, Gregor A1 - Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Nowaczyk, Norbert A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K. T1 - Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene BT - combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 16 SP - 4791 EP - 4816 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemanno, Giulia A1 - D'Amore, Maddalena A1 - Maturilli, Alessandro A1 - Helbert, Joern A1 - Arnold, Gabriele A1 - Korablev, Oleg A1 - Ignatiev, Nikolay A1 - Grigoriev, Alexei A1 - Shakun, Alexey A1 - Trokhimovskiy, Alexander T1 - Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data JF - JGR / Planets N2 - Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007429 SN - 2169-9097 SN - 2169-9100 VL - 127 IS - 9 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh A1 - Stüwe, Benno A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6 JF - Journal of experimental botany N2 - The transcription factor HSFA2 fine-tunes a balance between prolongation and resetting of thermomemory in Arabidopsis via the regulation of both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes. Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - FtsH6 KW - heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSP21 KW - thermomemory; KW - thermorecovery Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac257 SN - 0022-0957 SN - 1460-2431 VL - 73 IS - 18 SP - 6394 EP - 6404 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schachner, Maja K. A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Moffitt, Ursula A1 - Civitillo, Sauro A1 - Juang, Linda T1 - Capturing a nuanced picture of classroom cultural diversity climate BT - multigroup and multilevel analyses among secondary school students in Germany JF - Contemporary educational psychology N2 - As cultural diversity is increasing around the globe, a more nuanced understanding of the cultural diversity climate in classroom settings is needed, including how its different aspects relate to student outcomes. We developed the Classroom Cultural Diversity Climate Scale (CCDCS), integrating theory and research from social psychology and multicultural education and including novel facets like polyculturalism, which has not been studied in the school context before. We then studied associations with intergroup relations, socio-emotional adjustment, and school achievement among students of immigrant and non-immigrant background at the individual and classroom levels. The scale includes six subscales in the two broad dimensions of equality and inclusion: contact and cooperation, (un)equal treatment, and color-evasion, and cultural pluralism: heritage and intercultural learning, critical consciousness, and polyculturalism. Using data from 1,335 secondary school students in Germany (Mage = 14.7; 51% male; 51% immigrant background), the scale demonstrated measurement invariance by immigrant background, gender, and school track, and reliability at individual and classroom levels. A more positive diversity climate, with better intercultural relations (equality and inclusion) and more opportunities to learn about cultural diversity (cultural pluralism), was associated with more positive student outcomes. Interestingly, polyculturalism was not associated with negative effects observed for other facets of cultural pluralism. Relations for different climate aspects also varied by outcome and students' immigrant background. This underscores the importance of a nuanced perspective when evaluating different approaches to cultural diversity in context. KW - classroom cultural diversity climate KW - diverse schools KW - multigroup KW - analyses KW - multilevel analyses KW - adolescents Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101971 SN - 0361-476X SN - 1090-2384 VL - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jeitler, Michael A1 - Roth, Sandra A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Meier, Larissa A1 - Koppold-Liebscher, Daniela A. A1 - Kandil, Farid A1 - Ostermann, Thomas A1 - Stange, Rainer A1 - Kessler, Christian S. A1 - Brinkhaus, Benno A1 - Michalsen, Andreas T1 - Therapeutic phlebotomy in patients with grade 1 hypertension: a randomized-controlled trial JF - Journal of integrative and complementary medicine N2 - Aim: Study aim was to investigate the effects of therapeutic phlebotomy on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with grade 1 hypertension. Methods: In this randomized-controlled intervention study, patients with unmedicated hypertension grade 1 were randomized into an intervention group (phlebotomy group; 500 mL bloodletting at baseline and after 6 weeks) and a control group (waiting list) and followed up for 8 weeks. Primary endpoint was the 24-h ambulatory mean arterial pressure between the intervention and control groups after 8 weeks. Secondary outcome parameters included ambulatory/resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and selected laboratory parameters (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin). Resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure/heart rate and blood count were also assessed at 6 weeks before the second phlebotomy to ensure safety. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Results: Fifty-three hypertension participants (56.7 +/- 10.5 years) were included in the analysis (n = 25 intervention group, n = 28 control group). The ambulatory measured mean arterial pressure decreased by -1.12 +/- 5.16mmHg in the intervention group and increased by 0.43 +/- 3.82mmHg in the control group (between-group difference: -1.55 +/- 4.46, p = 0.22). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, and ferritin showed more pronounced reductions in the intervention group in comparison with the control group, with significant between-group differences. Subgroup analysis showed trends regarding the effects on different groups classified by serum ferritin concentration, body mass index, age, and sex. Two adverse events (AEs) (anemia and dizziness) occurred in association with the phlebotomy, but no serious AEs. Conclusions: Study results showed that therapeutic phlebotomy resulted in only minimal reductions of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement values in patients with unmedicated grade 1 hypertension. Further high-quality clinical studies are warranted, as this finding contradicts the results of other studies. KW - hypertension KW - phlebotomy KW - bloodletting KW - complementary medicine Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2021.0396 SN - 2768-3605 SN - 2768-3613 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 530 EP - 539 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers CY - New Rochelle, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huelscher, Julian A1 - Sobel, Edward R. A1 - Verwater, Vincent A1 - Gross, Philip A1 - Chew, David A1 - Bernhardt, Anne T1 - Detrital apatite geochemistry and thermochronology from the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine foreland record the early exhumation of the Tauern Window JF - Basin research N2 - The early exhumation history of the Tauern Window in the European Eastern Alps and its surface expression is poorly dated and quantified, partly because thermochronological and provenance information are sparse from the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. For the first time, we combine a single-grain double-dating approach (Apatite Fission Track and U-Pb dating) with trace-element geochemistry analysis on the same apatites to reconstruct the provenance and exhumation history of the late Oligocene/early Miocene Eastern Alps. The results from 22 samples from the Chattian to Burdigalian sedimentary infill of the Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin were integrated with a 3D seismic-reflection data set and published stratigraphic reports. Our highly discriminative data set indicates an increasing proportion of apatites (from 6% to 23%) with Sr/Y values <0.1 up-section and an increasing amount of apatites (from 24% to 38%) containing >1,000 ppm light rare-earth elements from Chattian to Burdigalian time. The number of U-Pb ages with acceptable uncertainties increases from 40% to 59% up-section, with mostly late Variscan/Permian ages, while an increasing number of grains (10%-27%) have Eocene or younger apatite fission track cooling ages. The changes in the apatite trace-element geochemistry and U-Pb data mirror increased sediment input from an >= upper amphibolite-facies metamorphic source of late Variscan/Permian age - probably the otztal-Bundschuh nappe system - accompanied by increasing exhumation rates indicated by decreasing apatite fission track lag times. We attribute these changes to the surface response to upright folding and doming in the Penninic units of the future Tauern Window starting at 29-27 Ma. This early period of exhumation (0.3-0.6 mm/a) is triggered by early Adriatic indentation along the Giudicarie Fault System. KW - detrital apatite fission track analysis KW - detrital apatite trace-element KW - geochemistry KW - Molasse Basin KW - Northern Alpine Foreland Basin KW - Tauern KW - Window Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12593 SN - 0950-091X SN - 1365-2117 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 3021 EP - 3044 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Hodapp, Alice T1 - Error-based learning in predictive language processing at the level of meaning T1 - Fehlerbasiertes Lernen in prädiktiver Sprachverarbeitung auf semantischer Ebene N2 - Prediction is often regarded as a central and domain-general aspect of cognition. This proposal extends to language, where predictive processing might enable the comprehension of rapidly unfolding input by anticipating upcoming words or their semantic features. To make these predictions, the brain needs to form a representation of the predictive patterns in the environment. Predictive processing theories suggest a continuous learning process that is driven by prediction errors, but much is still to be learned about this mechanism in language comprehension. This thesis therefore combined three electroencephalography (EEG) experiments to explore the relationship between prediction and implicit learning at the level of meaning. Results from Study 1 support the assumption that the brain constantly infers und updates probabilistic representations of the semantic context, potentially across multiple levels of complexity. N400 and P600 brain potentials could be predicted by semantic surprise based on a probabilistic estimate of previous exposure and a more complex probability representation, respectively. Subsequent work investigated the influence of prediction errors on the update of semantic predictions during sentence comprehension. In line with error-based learning, unexpected sentence continuations in Study 2 ¬– characterized by large N400 amplitudes ¬– were associated with increased implicit memory compared to expected continuations. Further, Study 3 indicates that prediction errors not only strengthen the representation of the unexpected word, but also update specific predictions made from the respective sentence context. The study additionally provides initial evidence that the amount of unpredicted information as reflected in N400 amplitudes drives this update of predictions, irrespective of the strength of the original incorrect prediction. Together, these results support a central assumption of predictive processing theories: A probabilistic predictive representation at the level of meaning that is updated by prediction errors. They further propose the N400 ERP component as a possible learning signal. The results also emphasize the need for further research regarding the role of the late positive ERP components in error-based learning. The continuous error-based adaptation described in this thesis allows the brain to improve its predictive representation with the aim to make better predictions in the future. N2 - Prädiktive Verarbeitung wird häufig als zentraler und domänenübergreifender Aspekt der Kognition betrachtet. Diese Idee bezieht sich auch auf Sprachverarbeitung, wo die Antizipation kommender Wörter oder ihrer semantischen Merkmale die Verarbeitung von sich schnell entfaltendem Sprachinput ermöglichen könnte. Um solche Vorhersagen treffen zu können, muss das Gehirn eine Repräsentation der prädiktiven Muster in der Umgebung aufbauen. Theorien zur prädiktiven Verarbeitung gehen von einem kontinuierlichen Lernprozess aus, welcher durch Vorhersagefehler angetrieben wird. Dennoch bleiben noch viele Fragen über diesen Mechanismus der Sprachverarbeitung offen. In dieser Arbeit wurden daher drei Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) Experimente kombiniert, um die Beziehung zwischen Vorhersage und implizitem Lernen auf semantischer Ebene zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse aus Studie 1 unterstützen die Annahme, dass das Gehirn kontinuierlich probabilistische Repräsentationen des semantischen Kontexts ableitet und aktualisiert, möglicherweise über mehrere Komplexitätsebenen hinweg. N400- und P600-Gehirnpotenziale konnten durch überraschende Information in Bezug auf eine probabilistische Schätzung vorhergesagt werden, welche entweder auf bisheriger Exposition oder einer komplexeren Wahrscheinlichkeitsrepräsentation basierte. In einer weiteren Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von Vorhersagefehlern auf die Aktualisierung semantischer Vorhersagen während der Satzverarbeitung untersucht. In Übereinstimmung mit der Idee des fehlerbasierten Lernens waren unerwartete Satzfortsetzungen in Studie 2 - gekennzeichnet durch große N400-Amplituden - durch erhöhtes impliziten Gedächtnis im Vergleich zu erwarteten Fortsetzungen gekennzeichnet. Darüber hinaus zeigte Studie 3, dass Vorhersagefehler nicht nur die Repräsentation des unerwarteten Wortes stärken, sondern auch zukünftige Vorhersagen aus dem jeweiligen Satzkontext aktualisieren. Die Studie liefert zudem erste Belege dafür, dass die Menge an nicht vorhergesagter Information, die sich auch in den N400-Amplituden widerspiegelt, die beschriebene Aktualisierung der Vorhersagen vorantreibt, unabhängig von der Stärke der ursprünglichen (widerlegten) Vorhersage. Zusammengenommen unterstützen diese Ergebnisse eine zentrale Annahme der Theorien zur prädiktiven Verarbeitung: Eine probabilistische prädiktive Repräsentation auf semantischer Ebene, die durch Vorhersagefehler aktualisiert wird. Außerdem stützen sie die Theorie der N400-ERP-Komponente als ein mögliches Lernsignal. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen auch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung hinsichtlich der Rolle der späten positiven ERP-Komponenten beim fehlerbasierten Lernen. Das in dieser Arbeit beschriebene kontinuierliche fehlerbasierte Lernen ermöglicht dem Gehirn, seine prädiktive Repräsentation zu verbessern, mit dem Ziel in Zukunft bessere Vorhersagen zu treffen. KW - electroencephalography KW - N400 KW - P600 KW - implicit memory KW - learning KW - language processing KW - prediction KW - Elektroenzephalographie KW - N400 KW - P600 KW - implizites Gedächtnis KW - Lernen KW - Sprachverarbeitung KW - Vorhersage Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-657179 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Die Torah ist nicht im Himmel BT - Annäherungen an jüdische Identitat(en) T2 - Jüdische Familien aus Arnstadt und Plaue : Katalog zur Sonderausstellung im Schlossmuseum Arnstadt 2. Mai bis 14. November 2021 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-945294-41-3 SP - 13 EP - 19 PB - Eckhaus Verlag CY - Weimar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Jüdische Musik T2 - Handbuch jüdische Studien Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-412-52137-0 SN - 978-3-412-52140-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7788/9783412521400.477 SP - 477 EP - 490 PB - Böhlau Verlag CY - Wien, Köln ET - 2. erweiterte und überarbeitete ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - "Treu in allen seinen Taten" : Hermann Ehrlich (1815-1879) BT - ein Kantor und Lehrer im Zeitalter der jüdischen Emanzipation T2 - Jüdische Familien aus Arnstadt und Plaue : Katalog zur Sonderausstellung im Schlossmuseum Arnstadt 2. Mai bis 14. November 2021 Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-945294-41-3 SP - 149 EP - 176 PB - Eckhaus Verlag CY - Weimar ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - From St. Petersburg to Vienna BT - the New Jewish School in Music (1908–1938) as Part of the Jewish cultural renaissance T3 - Jüdische Musik - Studien und Quellen zur jüdischen Musikkultur N2 - The history of the so-called “New Jewish School” in music began in 1908 in St. Petersburg with the founding of the Society for Jewish Folk Music by students from the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The end of this movement came with the invasion of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, and the dissolution of the Vienna Society for the Promotion of Jewish Music later that year. The fascinating and dramatic history of the New Jewish School is the subject of this monograph, which summarizes the author’s years of intensive international archival research. While many other national schools of music – such as the Russian, Czech or Hungarian – were able to develop freely and establish themselves in a favorable cultural environment, the Jewish school was violently suppressed. The reconstruction of its historical development in Russia and, after 1917, increasingly in other Eastern and Central European countries was first presented in German in 2004 and has since served as the basis for rediscovery of the valuable, highly original repertoire of New Jewish School composers. For this English-language publication, the entire book has been thoroughly revised and richly supplemented with extensive additional texts and materials. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-447-11105-8 VL - 17 PB - Harrassowitz CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Zwischen Bach und Klezmer BT - die Familie Mendelssohn und das jüdische Musikleben in Berlin der 1830er Jahre T2 - Die preußische Hofjuweliersfamilie Ephraim : Geschichte und Geschichten aus dem jüdischen Berlin des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-00-076096-9 SP - 336 EP - 357 PB - Ephraim Veitel Stiftung CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Wir wollen aus dem Leben von Juden ein jüdisches Leben machen BT - Musik der jüdischen Jugendbewegung T2 - Die jüdische Jugendbewegung Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-95565-467-2 SP - 34 EP - 51 PB - Hentrich & Hentrich CY - Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Aleksandr Veprik (1899–1958) BT - Komponist, Pädagoge, Gulag-Häftling BT - композитор, педагог, узник ГУЛАГа T2 - Komponisten im Gulag der Stalinzeit T2 - Композиторы в ГУЛАГе в годы правления Сталина T2 - Александр Веприк (1899–1958) Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-487-16694-0 SN - 978-3-487-42490-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783487424903-305 VL - 2 SP - 305 EP - 332 PB - Olms Verlag CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Jakob Schönberg and Jewish Art Music in Southern Germany T2 - Jüdische Musik im süddeutschen Raum T2 - Mapping jewish music of Southern Germany Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-96233-273-0 SN - 978-3-96233-275-4 SN - 978-3-96233-274-7 VL - 16 SP - 61 EP - 78 PB - Allitera Verlag CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nemtsov, Jascha T1 - Jewish music and totalitarianism in the post-stalinist Soviet Union T2 - The Oxford handbook of Jewish music studies N2 - The years 1953 through the 1970s in the Soviet Union have been called the era of the “Jews of silence.” And yet through various types of musical activities, certain parts of the Jewish population in the USSR were able to maintain a collective cultural identity in the public sphere. Captured as a musical community, this collectivity also extended to non-Jewish composers, musicians, and audiences. As such it thematicized, performed, represented, and received Jewishness, through Yiddish theater and songs, art music, and popular music. Concerts and works conceived for the Soviet stages demonstrate that Jewishness mattered, with music taking on new symbolism and becoming imbued with new meaning. This chapter focuses on the presence (and absence) of Jewish music in the public sphere, specifically in the concert hall and other stages in the post-Stalinist Soviet Union. KW - totalitarianism KW - post-Stalinism KW - Yiddish song KW - Yiddish theater KW - art music KW - Holocaust KW - popular music KW - Soviet Union Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-19-752865-5 SN - 978-0-19-752862-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197528624.013.12 SP - 309 EP - 335 PB - Oxford University Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jialin A1 - Su, Yingna A1 - Liu, Rui A1 - Kliem, Bernhard A1 - Zhang, Qingmin A1 - Ji, Haisheng A1 - Liu, Tie T1 - Partial eruption, confinement, and twist buildup and release of a double-decker filament JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics. N2 - We investigate the failed partial eruption of a filament system in NOAA AR 12104 on 2014 July 5, using multiwavelength EUV, magnetogram, and H alpha observations, as well as magnetic field modeling. The filament system consists of two almost co-spatial segments with different end points, both resembling a C shape. Following an ejection and a precursor flare related to flux cancellation, only the upper segment rises and then displays a prominent twisted structure, while rolling over toward its footpoints. The lower segment remains undisturbed, indicating that the system possesses a double-decker structure. The erupted segment ends up with a reverse-C shape, with material draining toward its footpoints, while losing its twist. Using the flux rope insertion method, we construct a model of the source region that qualitatively reproduces key elements of the observed evolution. At the eruption onset, the model consists of a flux rope atop a flux bundle with negligible twist, which is consistent with the observational interpretation that the filament possesses a double-decker structure. The flux rope reaches the critical height of the torus instability during its initial relaxation, while the lower flux bundle remains in stable equilibrium. The eruption terminates when the flux rope reaches a dome-shaped quasi-separatrix layer that is reminiscent of a magnetic fan surface, although no magnetic null is found. The flux rope is destroyed by reconnection with the confining overlying flux above the dome, transferring its twist in the process. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2ba1 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 923 IS - 2 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silverii, Francesca A1 - Maccaferri, Francesco A1 - Richter, Gudrun A1 - Gonzalez Cansado, Borja A1 - Wang, Rongjiang A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Poroelastic model in a vertically sealed gas storage BT - a case study from cyclic injection/production in a carbonate aquifer JF - Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society N2 - Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated porepressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded. KW - Permeability and porosity KW - Gas and hydrate systems KW - Europe KW - Induced KW - seismicity Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab268 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 227 IS - 2 SP - 1322 EP - 1338 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike T1 - Variation across newspapers in Early Modern German BT - degrees of syntactic complexity JF - Journal of historical syntax N2 - The administrative language used in imperial and city chanceries illustrates formal language use in the Early Modern period, as most evident in its syntactic complexity. Since administrative language was considered prestigious by the literate people of the time, the syntactic features in question are increasingly found in other text types as well (Lötscher 1995, Schwitalla 2002). The present paper investigates early newspapers published in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to evalute their degree of syntactic complexity and hence the extent of formal language used. Contrary to common belief (Admoni 1980, von Polenz 2013), it will be shown that early newspapers do not allow a uniform assessment in terms of their syntactic complexity, when they emerge as a new genre in the seventeenth century: some news segments display a fairly simple syntax, whereas others are of high syntactic complexity. By the end of the eighteenth century, the growing conventionalization of the new genre as well as the impact of standardization processes render newspapers much more balanced in terms of syntactic complexity. Unlike previous work on the syntactic complexity of newspaper language, the measurement of syntactic complexity takes into account not only sentence length and the relationship between independent and dependent clauses, but also the placement of adverbial clauses in relation to their associated clause. KW - variation KW - syntactic complexity KW - adverbial clauses KW - register Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18148/hs/2022.v6i13-18.136 SN - 2163-6001 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 36 PB - University of Konstanz CY - Konstanz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Büyükakpınar, Pınar A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza A1 - Heimann, Sebastian A1 - Dahm, Torsten T1 - Reservoir-triggered earthquakes around the Atatürk Dam (Southeastern Turkey) JF - Frontiers in Earth Science N2 - Reservoir-triggered seismicity has been observed near dams during construction, impoundment, and cyclic filling in many parts of the earth. In Turkey, the number of dams has increased substantially over the last decade, with Ataturk Dam being the largest dam in Turkey with a total water capacity of 48.7 billion m(3). After the construction of the dam, the monitoring network has improved. Considering earthquakes above the long-term completeness magnitude of M-C = 3.5, the local seismicity rate has substantially increased after the filling of the reservoir. Recently, two damaging earthquakes of M-w 5.5 and M-w 5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Ataturk Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In this study, we analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion. We find that water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. On the other hand, we find that the overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years. Additionally, we observe a progressive decrease of the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Our results indicate that the stressing rate finally focused on the region where the two damaging earthquakes occurred in 2017 and 2018. KW - reservoir-triggered seismicity KW - earthquake source parameters KW - stress-change KW - seismic hazard KW - Ataturk Dam Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.663385 SN - 2296-6463 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gostkowska-Lekner, Natalia A1 - Kojda, Sandrino Danny A1 - Hoffmann, Jan-Ekkehard A1 - May, Manfred A1 - Huber, Patrick A1 - Habicht, Klaus A1 - Hofmann, Tommy T1 - Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids based on the conjugated polymer P3HT and mesoporous silicon JF - Microporous and mesoporous materials : zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials N2 - Organic-inorganic hybrids are a class of functional materials that combine favorable properties of their constituents to achieve an overall improved performance for a wide range of applications. This article presents the synthesis route for P3HT-porous silicon hybrids for thermoelectric applications. The conjugated polymer P3HT is incorporated into the porous silicon matrix by means of melt infiltration. Gravimetry, sorption isotherms and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping indicate that the organic molecules occupy more than 50% of the void space in the inorganic host. We demonstrate that subsequent diffusion-based doping of the confined polymer in a FeCl3 solution increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid by five orders of magnitude compared to the empty porous silicon host. KW - Mesoporous silicon KW - P3HT KW - Organic-inorganic hybrid KW - Melt infiltration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.112155 SN - 1387-1811 SN - 1873-3093 VL - 343 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartsch, Annett A1 - Pointner, Georg A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Efimova, Aleksandra A1 - Jakober, Dan A1 - Ley, Sarah A1 - Högström, Elin A1 - Grosse, Guido A1 - Schweitzer, Peter T1 - Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts JF - Environmental research letters : ERL / Institute of Physics N2 - The accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8%-48% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31% and 5% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw. KW - Arctic KW - permafrost KW - settlements KW - infrastructure KW - remote sensing KW - machine KW - learning KW - Sentinel Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 11 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Tommy A1 - Kojda, Sandrino Danny A1 - Haseeb, Haider A1 - Wallacher, Dirk A1 - Sobolev, Oleg A1 - Habicht, Klaus T1 - Phonons in highly-crystalline mesoporous silicon: the absence of phonon-softening upon structuring silicon on sub-10 nanometer length scales JF - Microporous and mesoporous materials : the official journal of the International Zeolite Association N2 - This article presents inelastic thermal neutron scattering experiments probing the phonon dispersion in mesoporous silicon with pores 8 nm across. Scattering studies reveal the energy-momentum relation for transverse and longitudinal phonons along the high symmetry directions , and in the Brillouin zone. The dispersion up to phonon energies of 35 meV unambiguously proves that the phonon group velocities in highly-crystalline silicon are not modified by nanostructuring down to sub-10 nanometer length scales. On these length scales, there is apparently no effect of structuring on the elastic moduli of mesoporous silicon. No evidence can be found for phonon-softening in topologically complex, geometrically disordered mesoporous silicon putting it in contrast to silicon nanotubes and nanoribbons. KW - Mesoporous silicon KW - Inelastic neutron scattering KW - Phonon dispersion KW - Phonon-softening KW - Elasticity KW - Thermoelectric material Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2020.110814 SN - 1387-1811 SN - 1873-3093 VL - 312 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keller, Lena A1 - Cortina, Kai S. A1 - Müller, Katharina A1 - Miller, Kevin F. T1 - Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking JF - Instructional science : an international journal of learning and cognition N2 - Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers' professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers' professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers' lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed. KW - Mobile eye-tracking KW - Expertise KW - Teacher training KW - Think-aloud KW - Professional vision Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-021-09570-5 SN - 0020-4277 SN - 1573-1952 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 251 EP - 272 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roeser, Patricia A1 - Drager, Nadine A1 - Brykala, Dariusz A1 - Ott, Florian A1 - Pinkerneil, Sylvia A1 - Gierszewski, Piotr A1 - Lindemann, Christin A1 - Plessen, Birgit A1 - Brademann, Brian A1 - Kaszubski, Michal A1 - Fojutowski, Michal A1 - Schwab, Markus J. A1 - Slowinski, Michal A1 - Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw A1 - Brauer, Achim T1 - Advances in understanding calcite varve formation: new insights from a dual lake monitoring approach in the southern Baltic lowlands JF - Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research N2 - We revise the conceptual model of calcite varves and present, for the first time, a dual lake monitoring study in two alkaline lakes providing new insights into the seasonal sedimentation processes forming these varves. The study lakes, Tiefer See in NE Germany and Czechowskie in N Poland, have distinct morphology and bathymetry, and therefore, they are ideal to decipher local effects on seasonal deposition. The monitoring setup in both lakes is largely identical and includes instrumental observation of (i) meteorological parameters, (ii) chemical profiling of the lake water column including water sampling, and (iii) sediment trapping at both bi-weekly and monthly intervals. We then compare our monitoring data with varve micro-facies in the sediment record. One main finding is that calcite varves form complex laminae triplets rather than simple couplets as commonly thought. Sedimentation of varve sub-layers in both lakes is largely dependent on the lake mixing dynamics and results from the same seasonality, commencing with diatom blooms in spring turning into a pulse of calcite precipitation in summer and terminating with a re-suspension layer in autumn and winter, composed of calcite patches, plant fragments and benthic diatoms. Despite the common seasonal cycle, the share of each of these depositional phases in the total annual sediment yield is different between the lakes. In Lake Tiefer See calcite sedimentation has the highest yields, whereas in Lake Czechowskie, the so far underestimated re-suspension sub-layer dominates the sediment accumulation. Even in undisturbed varved sediments, re-suspended material becomes integrated in the sediment fabric and makes up an important share of calcite varves. Thus, while the biogeochemical lake cycle defines the varves' autochthonous components and micro-facies, the physical setting plays an important role in determining the varve sub-layers' proportion. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12506 SN - 0300-9483 SN - 1502-3885 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 419 EP - 440 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Korovila, Ioanna A1 - Hoehn, Annika A1 - Jung, Tobias A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Ott, Christiane T1 - Reduced liver autophagy in high-fat diet induced liver steatosis in New Zealand obese mice JF - Antioxidants : open access journal N2 - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as a consequence of overnutrition caused by high-calorie diets, results in obesity and disturbed lipid homeostasis leading to hepatic lipid droplet formation. Lipid droplets can impair hepatocellular function; therefore, it is of utmost importance to degrade these cellular structures. This requires the normal function of the autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. We demonstrated in NZO mice, a polygenic model of obesity, which were compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice, that a high-fat diet leads to obesity and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. This was accompanied by a loss of autophagy efficiency whereas the activity of lysosomal proteases and the 20S proteasome remained unaffected. The disturbance of cellular protein homeostasis was further demonstrated by the accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which are normally prone to degradation. Therefore, we conclude that fat accumulation in the liver due to a high-fat diet is associated with a failure of autophagy and leads to the disturbance of proteostasis. This might further contribute to lipid droplet stabilization and accumulation. KW - proteostasis KW - protein modification KW - 4-HNE KW - proteasome KW - lipid droplets Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040501 SN - 2076-3921 VL - 10 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohr, Christian H. A1 - Manga, Michael A1 - Helle, Gerhard A1 - Heinrich, Ingo A1 - Giese, Laura A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Trees talk tremor-wood anatomy and δ13C content reveal contrasting tree-growth responses to earthquakes JF - JGR / AGU, American Geophysical Union. Biogeosciences N2 - Large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, raise groundwater levels, and thus grant plant roots more access to water in water-limited environments. We examine growth and photosynthetic responses of Pine plantations to the Maule M-w 8.8 earthquake in headwater catchments of Chile's Coastal Range. We combine high-resolution wood anatomic (lumen area) and biogeochemical (delta 13C of wood cellulose) proxies of daily to weekly tree growth sampled from trees on floodplains and close to ridge lines. We find that, immediately after the earthquake, at least two out of six tree trees on valley floors had increased lumen area and decreased delta 13C, while trees on hillslopes had a reverse trend. Our results indicate a control of soil water on this response, largely consistent with models that predict how enhanced postseismic vertical soil permeability causes groundwater levels to rise on valley floors, but fall along the ridges. Statistical analysis with boosted regression trees indicates that streamflow discharge gained predictive importance for photosynthetic activity on the ridges, but lost importance on the valley floor after the earthquake. We infer that earthquakes may stimulate ecohydrological conditions favoring tree growth over days to weeks by triggering stomatal opening. The weak and short-lived signals that we identified, however, show that such responses are only valid under water-limited, rather than energy-limited tree, growth. Hence, dendrochronological studies targeted at annual resolution may overlook some earthquake effects on tree vitality. KW - tree rings KW - isotope KW - wood anatomy KW - earthquake KW - Chile KW - vegetation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006385 SN - 2169-8953 SN - 2169-8961 VL - 126 IS - 10 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sprengel, Maximilian A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Sommer, Konstantin A1 - Werner, Tiago A1 - Kelleher, Joanne A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas T1 - Towards the optimization of post-laser powder bed fusion stress-relieve treatments of stainless steel 316L JF - Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science N2 - The use of post-processing heat treatments is often considered a necessary approach to relax high-magnitude residual stresses (RS) formed during the layerwise additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, three heat treatment strategies using temperatures of 450 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C are applied to austenitic stainless steel 316L samples manufactured by LPBF. These temperatures encompass the suggested lower and upper bounds of heat treatment temperatures of conventionally processed 316L. The relaxation of the RS is characterized by neutron diffraction (ND), and the associated changes of the microstructure are analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lower bound heat treatment variant of 450 degrees C for 4 hours exhibited high tensile and compressive RS. When applying subsequent heat treatments, we show that stress gradients are still observed after applying 800 degrees C for 1 hour but almost completely vanish when applying 900 degrees C for 1 hour. The observed near complete relaxation of the RS appears to be closely related to the evolution of the characteristic subgrain solidification cellular microstructure. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06472-6 SN - 1073-5623 SN - 1543-1940 VL - 52 IS - 12 SP - 5342 EP - 5356 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumas, Chloe M. J. A1 - Le Moigne, Frédéric A. C. A1 - Garel, Marc A1 - Bhairy, Nagib A1 - Guasco, Sophie A1 - Riou, Virginie A1 - Armougom, Fabrice A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Tamburini, Christian T1 - Mesopelagic microbial carbon production correlates with diversity across different marine particle fractions JF - The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology N2 - The vertical flux of marine snow particles significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the mesopelagic zone, a large proportion of the organic carbon carried by sinking particles dissipates thereby escaping long term sequestration. Particle associated prokaryotes are largely responsible for such organic carbon loss. However, links between this important ecosystem flux and ecological processes such as community development of prokaryotes on different particle fractions (sinking vs. non-sinking) are yet virtually unknown. This prevents accurate predictions of mesopelagic organic carbon loss in response to changing ocean dynamics. Using combined measurements of prokaryotic heterotrophic production rates and species richness in the North Atlantic, we reveal that carbon loss rates and associated microbial richness are drastically different with particle fractions. Our results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between prokaryotic carbon losses and species richness. Such a trend may be related to prokaryotes detaching from fast-sinking particles constantly enriching non-sinking associated communities in the mesopelagic zone. Existing global scale data suggest this negative correlation is a widespread feature of mesopelagic microbes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00880-z SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 1695 EP - 1708 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Michaelis, Ingo A1 - Xiong, Chao A1 - Rother, Martin A1 - Usbeck, Thomas A1 - Yamazaki, Yosuke A1 - Rauberg, Jan A1 - Styp-Rekowski, Kevin T1 - Observing earth’s magnetic environment with the GRACE-FO mission JF - Earth, planets and space : EPS N2 - The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission carries magnetometers that are dedicated to enhance the satellite's navigation. After appropriate calibration and characterisation of artificial magnetic disturbances, these observations are valuable assets to characterise the natural variability of Earth's magnetic field. We describe the data pre-processing, the calibration, and characterisation strategy against a high-precision magnetic field model applied to the GRACE-FO magnetic data. During times of geomagnetic quiet conditions, the mean residual to the magnetic model is around 1 nT with standard deviations below 10 nT. The mean difference to data of ESA's Swarm mission, which is dedicated to monitor the Earth's magnetic field, is mainly within +/- 10 nT during conjunctions. The performance of GRACE-FO magnetic data is further discussed on selected scientific examples. During a magnetic storm event in August 2018, GRACE-FO reveals the local time dependence of the magnetospheric ring current signature, which is in good agreement with results from a network of ground magnetic observations. Also, derived field-aligned currents (FACs) are applied to monitor auroral FACs that compare well in amplitude and statistical behaviour for local time, hemisphere, and solar wind conditions to approved earlier findings from other missions including Swarm. On a case event, it is demonstrated that the dual-satellite constellation of GRACE-FO is most suitable to derive the persistence of auroral FACs with scale lengths of 180 km or longer. Due to a relatively larger noise level compared to dedicated magnetic missions, GRACE-FO is especially suitable for high-amplitude event studies. However, GRACE-FO is also sensitive to ionospheric signatures even below the noise level within statistical approaches. The combination with data of dedicated magnetic field missions and other missions carrying non-dedicated magnetometers greatly enhances related scientific perspectives. KW - Earth's magnetic field KW - Geomagnetism KW - Ionospheric currents KW - Magnetospheric ring current KW - Satellite-based magnetometers KW - Platform KW - magnetometers KW - GRACE-FO Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01364-w SN - 1880-5981 VL - 73 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cannone, Nicoletta A1 - Guglielmin, Mauro A1 - Malfasi, Francesco A1 - Hubberten, Hans Wolfgang A1 - Wagner, Dirk T1 - Rapid soil and vegetation changes at regional scale in continental Antarctica JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - Antarctica is the last pristine environment on Earth, its biota being adapted to the harsh and extreme polar climate. Until now, soil formation and vegetation development in continental Antarctica were considered very slow due to the extreme conditions of this polar desert. Since the austral summer 2002/2003, a long-term monitoring network of the terrestrial ecosystems (soils, vegetation, active layer thickness) has been established at Victoria Land (VL) across a > 500 km latitudinal gradient of coastal sites (73 degrees -77 degrees S). In only one decade large ecosystem changes were detected. Climate was characterized by a significant increase of thawing degree days in northern VL and of autumn air temperature. No extreme climatic events (such as hot spells) where detected in the study period. Soil chemistry suffered large quantitative changes, clearly indicating rapid pedogenetic processes. In most soils the upper layers exhibited a strong alkalinization (pH increases up to 3 units) and increases in conductivity, anions and cations (in particular of SO4 and Na). The largest changes were observed in soils with low vegetation cover. Statistically significant differences in soil chemistry were detected between soils with high and low vegetation cover, the former showing lower pH, conductivity, Na and Cl. Most plots exhibited changes of total cover, species richness and floristic composition, with vegetation expansion in soils with low vegetation cover and the largest increase recorded at Apostrophe Island (northern VL). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the main trend of vegetation change, with a shift from lower to higher cover and a secondary trend of change associated with a gradient of water availability, consistent with an increase in water instead of snow. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified the trend of change in soil chemistry with increases in pH, conductivity, anions and cations associated with the concomitant decrease in C, N, NO3, PO4. The RDA confirmed that soil changes were associated with a gradient of vegetation change (from low to high cover) as well as of water availability, as already indirectly outlined by the PCA. Field manipulation experiments carried out at five locations of the network between 73 degrees S and 77 degrees S, simulating increases of precipitation from snow or water additions didn't induce changes in soil pH, indicating that pulse events of snow accumulation or melting could not trigger persistent soil pH changes. These data allow hypothesize the occurrence of a main ecosystem change occurring at regional scale at Victoria Land. The slight air warming and its consequences on soil chemistry and vegetation, further highlight the sensitivity of the fragile Antarctic ecosystems to the consequences of even small changes in climate. KW - Soil chemistry KW - Alkalinization KW - Vegetation changes KW - Manipulation KW - experiment Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115017 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 394 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sandiford, Dan A1 - Brune, Sascha A1 - Glerum, Anne A1 - Naliboff, John A1 - Whittaker, Joanne M. T1 - Kinematics of footwall exhumation at oceanic detachment faults: solid-block rotation and apparent unbending JF - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences N2 - Seafloor spreading at slow rates can be accommodated on large-offset oceanic detachment faults (ODFs), that exhume lower crustal and mantle rocks in footwall domes termed oceanic core complexes (OCCs). Footwall rocks experience large rotation during exhumation, yet important aspects of the kinematics-particularly the relative roles of solid-block rotation and flexure-are not clearly understood. Using a high-resolution numerical model, we explore the exhumation kinematics in the footwall beneath an emergent ODF/OCC. A key feature of the models is that footwall motion is dominated by solid-block rotation, accommodated by the nonplanar, concave-down fault interface. A consequence is that curvature measured along the ODF is representative of a neutral stress configuration, rather than a "bent" one. Instead, it is in the subsequent process of "apparent unbending" that significant flexural stresses are developed in the model footwall. The brittle strain associated with apparent unbending is produced dominantly in extension, beneath the OCC, consistent with earthquake clustering observed in the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009681 SN - 1525-2027 VL - 22 IS - 4 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arya, Pooja A1 - Umlandt, Maren A1 - Jelken, Joachim A1 - Feldmann, David A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Asmolov, Evgeny S. A1 - Vinogradova, Olga I. A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Light-induced manipulation of passive and active microparticles JF - The European physical journal. E, Soft matter N2 - We consider sedimented at a solid wall particles that are immersed in water containing small additives of photosensitive ionic surfactants. It is shown that illumination with an appropriate wavelength, a beam intensity profile, shape and size could lead to a variety of dynamic, both unsteady and steady state, configurations of particles. These dynamic, well-controlled and switchable particle patterns at the wall are due to an emerging diffusio-osmotic flow that takes its origin in the adjacent to the wall electrostatic diffuse layer, where the concentration gradients of surfactant are induced by light. The conventional nonporous particles are passive and can move only with already generated flow. However, porous colloids actively participate themselves in the flow generation mechanism at the wall, which also sets their interactions that can be very long ranged. This light-induced diffusio-osmosis opens novel avenues to manipulate colloidal particles and assemble them to various patterns. We show in particular how to create and split optically the confined regions of particles of tunable size and shape, where well-controlled flow-induced forces on the colloids could result in their crystalline packing, formation of dilute lattices of well-separated particles, and other states. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00032-x SN - 1292-8941 SN - 1292-895X VL - 44 IS - 4 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Tönjes, Ralf T1 - On the effects of disorder on the ability of oscillatory or directional dynamics to synchronize N2 - In this thesis I present a collection of publications of my work, containing analytic results and observations in numerical experiments on the effects of various inhomogeneities, on the ability of coupled oscillators to synchronize their collective dynamics. Most of these works are concerned with the effects of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise acting on the phase of autonomous oscillators (Secs. 2.1-2.4) or on the direction of higher dimensional state vectors (Secs. 2.5,2.6). I obtain exact and approximate solutions to the non-linear equations governing the distributions of phases, or perform linear stability analysis of the uniform distribution to obtain the transition point from a completely disordered state to partial order or more complicated collective behavior. Other inhomogeneities, that can affect synchronization of coupled oscillators, are irregular, chaotic oscillations or a complex, and possibly random structure in the coupling network. In Section 2.9 I present a new method to define the phase- and frequency linear response function for chaotic oscillators. In Sections 2.4, 2.7 and 2.8 I study synchronization in complex networks of coupled oscillators. Each section in Chapter 2 - Manuscripts, is devoted to one research paper and begins with a list of the main results, a description of my contributions to the work and a short account of the scientific context, i.e. the questions and challenges which started the research and the relation of the work to my other research projects. The manuscripts in this thesis are reproductions of the arXiv versions, i.e. preprints under the creative commons licence. N2 - In dieser Habilitationsschrift präsentiere ich eine Sammlung von Veröffentlichungen meiner Arbeit, die analytische Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen aus numerischen Experimenten zu den Effekten verschiedener Inhomogenitäten auf die Fähigkeit gekoppelter Oszillatoren zur Synchronisation ihrer kollektiven Dynamik enthält. Die meisten dieser Arbeiten befassen sich mit den Effekten von gaußschem und nicht-gaußschem Rauschen, das auf die Phasen autonomer Oszillatoren einwirkt (Abschnitte 2.1-2.4) oder auf die Richtung von höherdimensionalen Zustandsvektoren (Abschnitte 2.5, 2.6). Ich erhalte exakte und approximative Lösungen für die nichtlinearen Gleichungen, die die Verteilung der Phasen bestimmen, oder führe eine lineare Stabilitätsanalyse der Gleichverteilung durch, um den Übergangspunkt von einem vollständig ungeordneten Zustand zu partieller Ordnung oder komplexerem kollektiven Verhalten zu ermitteln. Andere Inhomogenitäten, die die Synchronisation gekoppelter Oszillatoren beeinflussen können, sind unregelmäßige, chaotische Oszillationen oder eine komplexe und möglicherweise zufällige Struktur im Kopplungsnetzwerk. In Abschnitt 2.9 präsentiere ich eine neue Methode zur Definition der Phasen- und Frequenzantwortfunktion für chaotische Oszillatoren. In den Abschnitten 2.4, 2.7 und 2.8 untersuche ich die Synchronisation in komplexen Netzwerken gekoppelter Oszillatoren. Jeder Abschnitt in Kapitel 2 - Manuskripte, ist einer Forschungsarbeit gewidmet und beginnt mit einer Liste der wichtigsten Ergebnisse, einer Beschreibung meiner Beiträge zur Arbeit und einem kurzen Überblick über den wissenschaftlichen Kontext, d.h. die Fragen und Herausforderungen, die die Forschung ausgelöst haben, sowie der Zusammenhang der Arbeit mit meinen anderen Forschungsprojekten. Die Manuskripte in dieser Dissertation sind Nachdrucke der arXiv-Versionen, d.h. Vorabdrucke unter der Creative Commons Lizenz. T2 - Über die Wirkung von Unordnung auf die Synchronisierbarkeit von oszillatorischer oder gerichteter Dynamik KW - synchronization KW - oscillators KW - dynamics on networks KW - Dynamik in Netzwerken KW - Oszillatoren KW - Synchronisation Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651942 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotera, Yasuhiro A1 - Asano, Kenichi A1 - Kotera, Hiromasa A1 - Ohshima, Remi A1 - Rushforth, Annabel T1 - Mental health of Japanese workers: amotivation mediates self-compassion on mental health problems JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health = IJERPH N2 - Workplace mental health is a cause for concern in many countries. Globally, 78% of the workforce experienced impairment of their mental health in 2020. In Japan, more than half of employees are mentally distressed. Previously, research has identified that self-compassion (i.e., being kind and understanding towards oneself) and work motivation were important to their mental health. However, how these three components relate to each other remains to be elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between mental health problems, self-compassion and work motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation). A cross-sectional design was employed, where 165 Japanese workers completed self-report scales regarding those three components. A correlation and path analyses were conducted. Mental health problems were positively associated with amotivation and negatively associated with age and self-compassion. While intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation did not mediate the impact of self-compassion on mental health problems, amotivation did. The findings can help managers and organizational psychologists help identify effective approaches to improving work mental health. KW - Japanese workers KW - mental health KW - self-compassion KW - amotivation KW - mediation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710497 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortez, Nicole A1 - Marin, Victor A1 - Jimenez, Veronica A. A1 - Silva, Victor A1 - Leyton, Oscar A1 - Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R. A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Burgos, Viviana A1 - Duran, Paola A1 - Paz, Cristian T1 - Drimane sesquiterpene alcohols with activity against Candida yeast obtained by biotransformation with Cladosporium antarcticum JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Fungal biotransformation is an attractive synthetic strategy to produce highly specific compounds with chemical functionality in regions of the carbon skeleton that are not easily activated by conventional organic chemistry methods. In this work, Cladosporium antarcticum isolated from sediments of Glacier Collins in Antarctica was used to obtain novel drimane sesquiterpenoids alcohols with activity against Candida yeast from drimendiol and epidrimendiol. These compounds were produced by the high-yield reduction of polygodial and isotadeonal with NaBH4 in methanol. Cladosporium antarcticum produced two major products from drimendiol, identified as 9 alpha-hydroxydrimendiol (1, 41.4 mg, 19.4% yield) and 3 beta-hydroxydrimendiol (2, 74.8 mg, 35% yield), whereas the biotransformation of epidrimendiol yielded only one product, 9 beta-hydroxyepidrimendiol (3, 86.6 mg, 41.6% yield). The products were purified by column chromatography and their structure elucidated by NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of compounds 1-3 was analyzed against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis, showing that compound 2 has a MIC lower than 15 mu g/mL against the three-pathogenic yeast. In silico studies suggest that a possible mechanism of action for the novel compounds is the inhibition of the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, affecting the ergosterol synthesis. KW - Drimys winteri KW - Cladosporium antarcticum KW - drimendiol KW - epidrimendiol KW - biotransformation KW - Candida yeast KW - lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase KW - biocontrol Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112995 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 21 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Manudeo A1 - Allaka, Satyasri A1 - Gupta, Praveen K. A1 - Patel, Jaiminkumar G. A1 - Sinha, Rajiv T1 - Deriving wetland-cover types (WCTs) from integration of multispectral indices based on Earth observation data JF - Environmental monitoring and assessment : an international journal devoted to progress in the use of monitoring data in assessing environmental risks to man and the environment N2 - The wetland cover is defined as the spatially homogenous region of a wetland attributed to the underlying biophysical conditions such as vegetation, turbidity, hydric soil, and the amount of water. Here, we present a novel method to derive the wetland-cover types (WCTs) combining three commonly used multispectral indices, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDTI, in three large Ramsar wetlands located in different geomorphic and climatic settings across India. These wetlands include the Kaabar Tal, a floodplain wetland in east Ganga Plains, Chilika Lagoon, a coastal wetland in eastern India, and Nal Sarovar in semi-arid western India. The novelty of our approach is that the derived WCTs are stable in space and time, and therefore, a given WCT across different wetlands or within different zones of a large wetland will imply similar underlying biophysical attributes. The WCTs can therefore provide a novel tool for monitoring and change detection of wetland cover types. We have automated the proposed WCT algorithm using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment and by developing ArcGIS tools. The method can be implemented on any wetland and using any multispectral imagery dataset with visible and NIR bands. The proposed methodology is simple yet robust and easy to implement and, therefore, holds significant importance in wetland monitoring and management. KW - wetland dynamics KW - wetland hydrology KW - wetland management KW - wetland monitoring KW - wetland remote sensing Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10541-7 SN - 0167-6369 SN - 1573-2959 VL - 194 IS - 12 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ke A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Zech, Hilmar G. A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Automatic approach behaviors in alcohol dependence: does a cognitive bias modification training affect Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects? JF - Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG) N2 - Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias. KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer KW - alcohol approach bias KW - cognitive bias modification KW - alcohol dependence KW - relapse Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000526805 SN - 0302-282X SN - 1423-0224 VL - 81 IS - 5 SP - 387 EP - 402 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER -