TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Scheiffele, Lena A1 - Petrova, Katya Dimitrova A1 - Budach, Christian A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Trost, Benjamin A1 - Rasche, Daniel A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Doepper, Veronika A1 - Förster, Michael A1 - Köhli, Markus A1 - Angermann, Lisa A1 - Antonoglou, Nikolaos A1 - Zude, Manuela A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany JF - Earth system science data : ESSD N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany - the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly co-located with the permanent ones; 27 SWC profiles (mostly permanent); two groundwater observation wells; meteorological records; and Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS roving, hyperspectral im-agery via UASs, intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of 3 years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods and extreme rainfall but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for vari-ous disciplines, for example, soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data are available at doi.org/10.23728/b2share.551095325d74431881185fba1eb09c95 (Heistermann et al., 2022b). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 3243 EP - 3262 PB - Copernics Publications CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Bogena, Heye A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Jakobi, Jannis A1 - Rasche, Daniel A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Döpper, Veronika A1 - Fersch, Benjamin A1 - Groh, Jannis A1 - Patil, Amol A1 - Pütz, Thomas A1 - Reich, Marvin A1 - Zacharias, Steffen A1 - Zengerle, Carmen A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: Combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site Wüstebach JF - Earth system science data N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km(2) Wustebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 2501 EP - 2519 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Xu, Qinghai A1 - Li, Wenjia A1 - Zhang, Yanrong A1 - Luo, Mingyu A1 - Chen, Fahu T1 - Human activities have reduced plant diversity in eastern China over the last two millennia JF - Global change biology N2 - Understanding the history and regional singularities of human impact on vegetation is key to developing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. In this study, fossil and modern pollen datasets from China are employed to investigate temporal changes in pollen composition, analogue quality, and pollen diversity during the Holocene. Anthropogenic disturbance and vegetation's responses are also assessed. Results reveal that pollen assemblages from non-forest communities fail to provide evidence of human impact for the western part of China (annual precipitation less than 400 mm and/or elevation more than 3000 m.a.s.l.), as inferred from the stable quality of modern analogues, principal components, and diversity of species and communities throughout the Holocene. For the eastern part of China, the proportion of fossil pollen spectra with good modern analogues increases from ca. 50% to ca. 80% during the last 2 millennia, indicating an enhanced intensity of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation. This disturbance has caused the pollen spectra to become taxonomically less diverse over space (reduced abundances of arboreal taxa and increased abundances of herbaceous taxa), highlighting a reduced south-north differentiation and divergence from past vegetation between regions in the eastern part of China. We recommend that care is taken in eastern China when basing the development of ecosystem management strategies on vegetation changes in the region during the last 2000 years, since humans have significantly disturbed the vegetation during this period. KW - analogue quality KW - human-vegetation interaction KW - land use KW - latitudinal KW - zonation KW - plant diversity KW - pollen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16274 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 28 IS - 16 SP - 4962 EP - 4976 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, Glauber Pontes A1 - Rodrigues, Ítalo Sampaio A1 - Raabe, Armin A1 - Holstein, Peter A1 - De Araujo, Josè Carlos T1 - Direct measurement of open-water evaporation BT - a newly developed sensor applied to a Brazilian tropical reservoir JF - Hydrological sciences journal N2 - This study investigates the sensitivity and uncertainty of evaporation assessment in a tropical reservoir in northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, four approaches were used: Penman, a Dalton-modified equation, a pressure meter and a novel acoustic sensor. The main objective is to evaluate whether sensors can be employed to adequately assess lake evaporation. The sensors were installed in floating pans and the equations are based on variables collected from a raft. The wind-inducted waves in the reservoir often disturbed the measurements using both pressure (uncertainty of +/- 0.6 mm) and acoustic (uncertainty of +/- 0.1 mm) sensors, causing flaws and affecting continuous monitoring. The modified Dalton model, based on data collected with a floating station, estimated values over three-hour courses of evaporation similar to those measured by the pressure meter. These findings are important contributions to an accurate monitoring of water losses through evaporation and reservoir operation, particularly in dry regions. KW - water management KW - sub-daily evaporation KW - direct measurement KW - instrumentation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2022.2157278 SN - 0262-6667 SN - 2150-3435 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 379 EP - 394 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon, Oxon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Qin, Wen A1 - Zhang, Ran A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Cao, Xianyong T1 - Palynological evidence for the temporal stability of the plant community in the Yellow River Source Area over the last 7,400 years JF - Vegetation history and archaeobotany N2 - The terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA) is sensitive to climate change and human impacts, although past vegetation change and the degree of human disturbance are still largely unknown. A 170-cm-long sediment core covering the last 7,400 years was collected from Lake Xingxinghai (XXH) in the YRSA. Pollen, together with a series of other environmental proxies (including grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate content), were analysed to explore past vegetation and environmental changes for the YRSA. Dominant and common pollen components-Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae-are stable throughout the last 7,400 years. Slight vegetation change is inferred from an increasing trend of Cyperaceae and decreasing trend of Poaceae, suggesting that alpine steppe was replaced by alpine meadow at ca. 3.5 ka cal bp. The vegetation transformation indicates a generally wetter climate during the middle and late Holocene, which is supported by increased amounts of TOC and Pediastrum (representing high water-level) and is consistent with previous past climate records from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results find no evidence of human impact on the regional vegetation surrounding XXH, hence we conclude the vegetation change likely reflects the regional climate signal. KW - Pollen KW - Lake Xingxinghai KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - Holocene KW - Vegetation change KW - Regional climate Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00870-5 SN - 0939-6314 SN - 1617-6278 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 549 EP - 558 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Pfalz, Gregor T1 - Advancing knowledge of Arctic lake system dynamics: A data-driven perspective on spatiotemporal patterns T1 - Fortschritte im Verständnis der Dynamik arktischer Seesysteme: Eine datengetriebene Perspektive auf raumzeitliche Muster N2 - Ecosystems play a pivotal role in addressing climate change but are also highly susceptible to drastic environmental changes. Investigating their historical dynamics can enhance our understanding of how they might respond to unprecedented future environmental shifts. With Arctic lakes currently under substantial pressure from climate change, lessons from the past can guide our understanding of potential disruptions to these lakes. However, individual lake systems are multifaceted and complex. Traditional isolated lake studies often fail to provide a global perspective because localized nuances—like individual lake parameters, catchment areas, and lake histories—can overshadow broader conclusions. In light of these complexities, a more nuanced approach is essential to analyze lake systems in a global context. A key to addressing this challenge lies in the data-driven analysis of sedimentological records from various northern lake systems. This dissertation emphasizes lake systems in the northern Eurasian region, particularly in Russia (n=59). For this doctoral thesis, we collected sedimentological data from various sources, which required a standardized framework for further analysis. Therefore, we designed a conceptual model for integrating and standardizing heterogeneous multi-proxy data into a relational database management system (PostgreSQL). Creating a database from the collected data enabled comparative numerical analyses between spatially separated lakes as well as between different proxies. When analyzing numerous lakes, establishing a common frame of reference was crucial. We achieved this by converting proxy values from depth dependency to age dependency. This required consistent age calculations across all lakes and proxies using one age-depth modeling software. Recognizing the broader implications and potential pitfalls of this, we developed the LANDO approach ("Linked Age and Depth Modelling"). LANDO is an innovative integration of multiple age-depth modeling software into a singular, cohesive platform (Jupyter Notebook). Beyond its ability to aggregate data from five renowned age-depth modeling software, LANDO uniquely empowers users to filter out implausible model outcomes using robust geoscientific data. Our method is not only novel but also significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of lake analyses. Considering the preceding steps, this doctoral thesis further examines the relationship between carbon in sediments and temperature over the last 21,000 years. Initially, we hypothesized a positive correlation between carbon accumulation in lakes and modelled paleotemperature. Our homogenized dataset from heterogeneous lakes confirmed this association, even if the highest temperatures throughout our observation period do not correlate with the highest carbon values. We assume that rapid warming events contribute more to high accumulation, while sustained warming leads to carbon outgassing. Considering the current high concentration of carbon in the atmosphere and rising temperatures, ongoing climate change could cause northern lake systems to contribute to a further increase in atmospheric carbon (positive feedback loop). While our findings underscore the reliability of both our standardized data and the LANDO method, expanding our dataset might offer even greater assurance in our conclusions. N2 - Ökosysteme spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Bewältigung des Klimawandels, gelten jedoch auch als äußerst anfällig für drastische Umweltveränderungen. Die Erforschung ihrer historischen Dynamiken kann unser Verständnis darüber verbessern, wie sich zukünftige Veränderungen angesichts beispielloser Umweltveränderungen auf sie auswirken können. Angesichts des enormen Stresses, dem arktische Seen durch den Klimawandel ausgesetzt sind, können konkrete Fälle aus der Vergangenheit helfen, mögliche Schwankungen im Ökosystem des Sees besser zu verstehen und zu deuten. Einzelne Seesysteme unterliegen jedoch einer inhärenten Komplexität und vielschichtigen Beschaffenheit. Klassische Einzelanalysen von Seen liefern oft keine globale Perspektive, da lokale Besonderheiten – wie individuelle Seeparameter, Einzugsgebiete und Seehistorien – allgemeinere Schlussfolgerungen überlagern können. Eine differenzierte Herangehensweise ist hierbei erforderlich, um Seesysteme im globalen Kontext angemessen zu analysieren. Ein Schlüssel zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung ist die datenwissenschaftliche Analyse von sedimentologischen Daten aus mehreren nördlichen Seesystemen. Diese Dissertation fokussiert sich dabei auf das Gebiet des nördlichen Eurasiens mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Seesystem in Russland (n=59). Die gesammelten sedimentologischen Daten für diese Doktorarbeit mussten hierfür zunächst standardisiert und homogenisiert werden. Hierfür wurde ein konzeptuelles Modell für die Integration und Standardisierung von heterogenen Multi-Proxy-Daten in ein relationales Datenbankverwaltungssystem (PostgreSQL) entworfen. Die Erstellung einer Datenbank aus der gesammelten Datenkollektion ermöglichte die numerische, vergleichende Analyse zwischen räumlich getrennten Seen als auch zwischen verschiedenen Proxys. Eine Analyse von mehreren Seen erforderte zudem eine gemeinsame Analyseebene, welche wir durch die Umwandlung von einer Tiefenabhängigkeit zu Altersabhängigkeit der Proxywerte erreichten. Diese bedurfte aber, dass die zugehörigen Alter von Proxywerte von allen Seen mit demselben Verfahren einer Alterstiefenmodellsoftware berechnet werden müssen. Angesichts der weitreichenden Implikationen und potenziellen Fallstricke entwickelten wir den LANDO-Ansatz („Linked Age and Depth Modelling“). LANDO stellt eine innovative Integration mehrerer Alters-Tiefen-Modellierungssoftware in eine einheitliche, kohärente Plattform (Jupyter Notebook) dar. Neben seiner Fähigkeit, Daten von fünf renommierten Alters-Tiefen-Modellierungssoftware zu aggregieren, ermöglicht LANDO es den Nutzern auf einzigartige Weise, unbegründete Modellergebnisse anhand robuster geowissenschaftlicher Daten herauszufiltern. Unsere Methode ist nicht nur neuartig, sondern steigert auch signifikant die Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Seeanalysen. Schlussendlich unter Berücksichtigung der vorangegangenen Schritte betrachtet die Doktorarbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Kohlenstoff in Sedimenten und Temperatur über die letzten 21 000 Jahre. Zunächst nehmen wir an, dass es eine positive Korrelation zwischen Kohlenstoffakkumulation in Seen und modellierter Paläo-Temperatur gibt. Diese kann dank des homogenisierten Datensatzes von heterogenen Seen bestätigt werden, wenn auch die höchsten Temperaturen über unseren Betrachtungszeitraum nicht korrelieren mit den höchsten Kohlenstoffwerten. Wir gehen davon aus, dass schnelle Erwärmungsereignisse eher zu einer hohen Akkumulation beitragen, während bestehende Erwärmung eher zu einer Ausgasung von Kohlenstoff führt. In Anbetracht der aktuellen hohen Konzentration von Kohlenstoff in der Atmosphäre und der steigenden Temperaturen, können bei einem weiterführenden Klimawandel nördliche Seesysteme zu einem weiteren Anstieg von atmosphärischem Kohlenstoff führen (positive Feedbackschleife). Obwohl die bemerkenswerten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unser Ansatz aus standardisierten Daten und LANDO zuverlässig ist, könnte eine größere Datenmenge das Vertrauen in die Ergebnisse noch weiter stärken. KW - Arcitc KW - lake systems KW - paleotemperature KW - carbon KW - climate data science KW - Paläolimnologie KW - Eurasien KW - Paläoklimatologie KW - Seesedimente KW - Klimadatenwissenschaften KW - Kohlenstoff Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636554 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walch, Daniela M. R. A1 - Singh, Rakesh K. A1 - Soreide, Janne E. A1 - Lantuit, Hugues A1 - Poste, Amanda T1 - Spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter in a high-arctic estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) using sentinel-2 time-series JF - Remote sensing N2 - Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (C-SPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by similar to 20% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (% of fjord with C-SPMsat > 30 mg L-1) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R-2 = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean. KW - ocean colour KW - coastal darkening KW - SPM KW - sediment plumes KW - Arctic coast KW - remote sensing KW - regional tuning KW - coastal ecosystems; KW - land-ocean-interaction KW - riverine inputs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133123 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veh, Georg A1 - Lützow, Natalie A1 - Kharlamova, Varvara A1 - Petrakov, Dmitry A1 - Hugonnet, Romain A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Trends, breaks, and biases in the frequency of reported glacier lake outburst floods JF - Earth's future N2 - Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming. KW - glaciers KW - climate change KW - hazard KW - mountains KW - cryosphere KW - frequency Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002426 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 10 IS - 3 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Raschke, Elena A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Vyse, Stuart Andrew A1 - Courtin, Jérémy A1 - Böhmer, Thomas A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene vegetation and climate changes in northwestern Chukotka (Far East Russia) deduced from lakes Ilirney and Rauchuagytgyn pollen records JF - Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research N2 - This paper presents two new pollen records and quantitative climate reconstructions from northern Chukotka documenting environmental changes over the last 27.9 ka. Open tundra- and steppe-like habitats dominated between 27.9 and 18.7 cal. ka BP. Betula and Alnus shrubs might have grown in sheltered microhabitats but disappeared after 18.7 cal. ka BP. Although the climate was rather harsh, local herb-dominated communities supported herbivores as is evident by the presence of coprophilous spores in the sediments. The increase in Salix and Cyperaceae similar to 16.1 cal. ka BP suggests climate amelioration. Shrub Betula appeared similar to 15.9 cal. ka BP, and became dominant after similar to 15.52 cal. ka BP, whilst typical steppe communities drastically reduced. Very high presence of Botryococcus in the Lateglacial sediments reflects widespread shallow habitats, probably due to lake level increase. Shrub Alnus became common after similar to 13 cal. ka BP reflecting further climate amelioration. Simultaneously, herb communities gradually decreased in the vegetation reaching a minimum similar to 11.8 cal. ka BP. A gradual decrease of algae remains suggests a reduction of shallow-water habitats. Shrubby and graminoid tundra was dominant similar to 11.8-11.1 cal. ka BP, later Salix stands significantly decreased. The forest-tundra ecotone established in the Early Holocene, shortly after 11.1 cal. ka BP. Low contents of green algae in the Early Holocene sediments likely reflect deeper aquatic conditions. The most favourable climate conditions were between similar to 10.6 and 7 cal. ka BP. Vegetation became similar to the modern after similar to 7 cal. ka BP but Pinus pumila came to the Ilirney area at about 1.2 cal. ka BP. It is important to emphasize that the study area provided refugia for Betula and Alnus during MIS 2. It is also notable that our records do not reflect evidence of Younger Dryas cooling, which is inconsistent with some regional environmental records but in good accordance with some others. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12521 SN - 0300-9483 SN - 1502-3885 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 652 EP - 670 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Naimeng A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Xu, Qinghai A1 - Huang, Xiaozhong A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Shen, Zhongwei A1 - Peng, Wei A1 - Liu, Sisi A1 - Wu, Duo A1 - Wang, Jian A1 - Xia, Huan A1 - Zhang, Dongju A1 - Chen, Fahu T1 - Vegetation change and human-environment interactions in the Qinghai Lake Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, since the last deglaciation JF - Catena N2 - The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau. KW - Quantitative vegetation reconstruction KW - Local and regional vegetation KW - dynamics KW - Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic human-environment  KW - interactions KW - Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105892 SN - 0341-8162 SN - 1872-6887 VL - 210 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietze, Michael A1 - Bell, Rainer A1 - Öztürk, Ugur A1 - Cook, Kristen L. A1 - Andermann, Christoff A1 - Beer, Alexander R. A1 - Damm, Bodo A1 - Lucia, Ana A1 - Fauer, Felix S. A1 - Nissen, Katrin M. A1 - Sieg, Tobias A1 - Thieken, Annegret H. T1 - More than heavy rain turning into fast-flowing water - a landscape perspective on the 2021 Eifel floods JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences N2 - Rapidly evolving floods are rare but powerful drivers of landscape reorganisation that have severe and long-lasting impacts on both the functions of a landscape's subsystems and the affected society. The July 2021 flood that particularly hit several river catchments of the Eifel region in western Germany and Belgium was a drastic example. While media and scientists highlighted the meteorological and hydrological aspects of this flood, it was not just the rising water levels in the main valleys that posed a hazard, caused damage, and drove environmental reorganisation. Instead, the concurrent coupling of landscape elements and the wood, sediment, and debris carried by the fast-flowing water made this flood so devastating and difficult to predict. Because more intense floods are able to interact with more landscape components, they at times reveal rare non-linear feedbacks, which may be hidden during smaller events due to their high thresholds of initiation. Here, we briefly review the boundary conditions of the 14-15 July 2021 flood and discuss the emerging features that made this event different from previous floods. We identify hillslope processes, aspects of debris mobilisation, the legacy of sustained human land use, and emerging process connections and feedbacks as critical non-hydrological dimensions of the flood. With this landscape scale perspective, we develop requirements for improved future event anticipation, mitigation, and fundamental system understanding. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 1845 EP - 1856 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yadav, Anshul A1 - Sen, Sumit A1 - Mao, Luca A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang T1 - Evaluation of flow resistance equations for high gradient rivers using geometric standard deviation of bed material JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - A dataset of 2184 field measurements reported in the literature was used to evaluate the predictive capability of eight conventional flow resistance equations to predict the mean flow velocity in gravel-bed rivers. The results reveal considerable disagreement with the observed flow velocities for relative submergence less than 4 and for the non-uniformity of the bed material greater than 7.5 for all the equations. However, the predictions made using the Smart and Jaggi (1983), Ferguson (2007), and Rickenmann and Recking (2011) equations were closer to the observed values. Furthermore, bedload sediment transport also reduces the predictive capability of the equations considered in this study except for the Recking et al. (2008) equation, which was developed consid- ering active bedload transport. The performance of flow resistance equations improves when corrected by considering the geometric standard deviation of the bed material. Here we present an empirical approach using the whole dataset and its subsets for accounting for the additional energy losses occurring due to the wake vortices, spill losses, and free surface instabilities occurring due to the protrusions from the bed. The results obtained using the validation dataset shows the importance and usefulness of this approach to account for the additional energy losses, especially for the Strickler (1923) and Keulegan (1938) equations. KW - Flow resistance KW - Relative submergence KW - Non-uniformity KW - Microtopography KW - Bedload sediment transport Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127292 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 605 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Nazarova, Larisa B. A1 - Lenz, Marlene M. A1 - Böhmer, Thomas A1 - Syrykh, Ludmila A1 - Wagner, Bernd A1 - Melles, Martin A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions from sediments of Lake Emanda (Verkhoyansk Mountains, East Siberia) JF - Journal of quaternary science : JQS N2 - Continuous pollen and chironomid records from Lake Emanda (65 degrees 17'N, 135 degrees 45'E) provide new insights into the Late Quaternary environmental history of the Yana Highlands (Yakutia). Larch forest with shrubs (alders, pines, birches) dominated during the deposition of the lowermost sediments suggesting its Early Weichselian [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] age. Pollen- and chironomid-based climate reconstructions suggest July temperatures (T-July) slightly lower than modern. Gradually increasing amounts of herb pollen and cold stenotherm chironomid head capsules reflect cooler and drier environments, probably during the termination of MIS 5. T-July dropped to 8 degrees C. Mostly treeless vegetation is reconstructed during MIS 3. Tundra and steppe communities dominated during MIS 2. Shrubs became common after similar to 14.5 ka BP but herb-dominated habitats remained until the onset of the Holocene. Larch forests with shrub alder and dwarf birch dominated after the Holocene onset, ca. 11.7 ka BP. Decreasing amounts of shrub pollen during the Lateglacial are assigned to the Older Dryas and Younger Dryas with T-July similar to 7.5 degrees C. T-July increased up to 13 degrees C. Shrub stone pine was present after similar to 7.5 ka BP. The vegetation has been similar to modern since ca. 5.8 ka BP. Chironomid diversity and concentration in the sediments increased towards the present day, indicating the development of richer hydrobiological communities in response to the Holocene thermal maximum. KW - chironomids KW - environmental reconstructions KW - Late Quaternary KW - pollen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3419 SN - 0267-8179 SN - 1099-1417 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 884 EP - 899 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabbi, Sifat E. A1 - Shant, Reza A1 - Karmakar, Sourav A1 - Habib, Azhar A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Regional mapping of climate variability index and identifying JF - Environment, development and sustainability : a multidisciplinary approach to the theory and practice of sustainable development N2 - Studies conducted in Bangladesh so far did not unequivocally identify the modus operandi of local farmers to perceive and experience the climate variability at a national scale. Hence, this study aims to decipher local farmer's perception on climate variability for the last 10 years, by constructing climate variability index (CVI). Additionally, this study demystified the socio-economic determinants for influencing farmer perception regarding climate variability as well as its impact on their livelihoods. The study was designed on a cross-sectional data through a country-wide primary survey of 16,053 households who were largely dependent on agriculture. A weighted index was constructed for mapping the regional climate variability using model-builder programming in ArcGIS. Also, a multivariable probit model was employed to identify the factors influencing farmers' perception and resulting impact of climate variability on their livelihoods. According to local farmer's perception, the CVI mapping identified that Bangladesh experienced variegated climatic variability since last 10 years. However, local farmer's perception varied with different socio-economic factors like gender, education, farmer's category, credit, monthly income and access to media. Moreover, landless, small and medium farm holders were more aware of the local climate variability and eventually, they also experienced the higher influence of climate variability on their livelihoods. Since an effective mapping of regional climate variability is a sine qua non to devise region specific policies, this study will facilitate the government to determine its priorities, formulate efficacious strategies and thereby help to adapt with future climate-induced risks and vulnerabilities. KW - Farmer's climate variability perception KW - Climate variability index KW - Mapping KW - Socio-economic factors KW - Bangladesh Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01104-2 SN - 1387-585X SN - 1573-2975 VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 11050 EP - 11066 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dietze, Michael A1 - Öztürk, Ugur T1 - A flood of disaster response challenges T2 - Science Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm0617 SN - 0036-8075 SN - 1095-9203 VL - 373 IS - 6561 SP - 1317 EP - 1318 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryant, Seth A1 - McGrath, Heather A1 - Boudreault, Mathieu T1 - Gridded flood depth estimates from satellite-derived inundations JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences N2 - Canada's RADARSAT missions improve the potential to study past flood events; however, existing tools to derive flood depths from this remote-sensing data do not correct for errors, leading to poor estimates. To provide more accurate gridded depth estimates of historical flooding, a new tool is proposed that integrates Height Above Nearest Drainage and Cost Allocation algorithms. This tool is tested against two trusted, hydraulically derived, gridded depths of recent floods in Canada. This validation shows the proposed tool outperforms existing tools and can provide more accurate estimates from minimal data without the need for complex physics-based models or expert judgement. With improvements in remote-sensing data, the tool proposed here can provide flood researchers and emergency managers accurate depths in near-real time. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1437-2022 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 1437 EP - 1450 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rana, Kamal A1 - Öztürk, Ugur A1 - Malik, Nishant T1 - Landslide geometry reveals its trigger JF - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union N2 - Electronic databases of landslides seldom include the triggering mechanisms, rendering these inventories unusable for landslide hazard modeling. We present a method for classifying the triggering mechanisms of landslides in existing inventories, thus, allowing these inventories to aid in landslide hazard modeling corresponding to the correct event chain. Our method uses various geometric characteristics of landslides as the feature space for the machine-learning classifier random forest, resulting in accurate and robust classifications of landslide triggers. We applied the method to six landslide inventories spread over the Japanese archipelago in several different tests and training configurations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We achieved mean accuracy ranging from 67% to 92%. We also provide an illustrative example of a real-world usage scenario for our method using an additional inventory with unknown ground truth. Furthermore, our feature importance analysis indicates that landslides having identical trigger mechanisms exhibit similar geometric properties. KW - databases KW - Japan | landslides KW - random forest Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090848 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 48 IS - 4 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Huang, Sichao A1 - Liu, Sisi A1 - Jia, Weihan A1 - Li, Kai A1 - Liu, Xingqi A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Sedimentary DNA identifies modern and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high-latitude and high-elevation lakes in Siberia and China JF - Limnology and oceanography N2 - Arctic and alpine aquatic ecosystems are changing rapidly under recent global warming, threatening water resources by diminishing trophic status and changing biotic composition. Macrophytes play a key role in the ecology of freshwaters and we need to improve our understanding of long-term macrophytes diversity and environmental change so far limited by the sporadic presence of macrofossils in sediments. In our study, we applied metabarcoding using the trnL P6 loop marker to retrieve macrophyte richness and composition from 179 surface-sediment samples from arctic Siberian and alpine Chinese lakes and three representative lake cores. The surface-sediment dataset suggests that macrophyte richness and composition are mostly affected by temperature and conductivity, with highest richness when mean July temperatures are higher than 12 degrees C and conductivity ranges between 40 and 400 mu S cm(-1). Compositional turnover during the Late Pleistocene/Holocene is minor in Siberian cores and characterized by a less rich, but stable emergent macrophyte community. Richness decreases during the Last Glacial Maximum and rises during wetter and warmer climate in the Late-glacial and Mid-Holocene. In contrast, we detect a pronounced change from emergent to submerged taxa at 14 ka in the Tibetan alpine core, which can be explained by increasing temperature and conductivity due to glacial runoff and evaporation. Our study provides evidence for the suitability of the trnL marker to recover modern and past macrophyte diversity and its applicability for the response of macrophyte diversity to lake-hydrochemical and climate variability predicting contrasting macrophyte changes in arctic and alpine lakes under intensified warming and human impact. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12061 SN - 0024-3590 SN - 1939-5590 VL - 67 IS - 5 SP - 1126 EP - 1141 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bizic, Mina A1 - Ionescu, Danny A1 - Karnatak, Rajat A1 - Musseau, Camille L. A1 - Onandia, Gabriela A1 - Berger, Stella A. A1 - Nejstgaard, Jens C. A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Gessner, Mark O. A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Land-use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns JF - Molecular ecology N2 - Changes in land use and agricultural intensification threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of small water bodies. We studied 67 kettle holes (KH) in an agricultural landscape in northeastern Germany using landscape-scale metatranscriptomics to understand the responses of active bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic communities to land-use type. These KH are proxies of the millions of small standing water bodies of glacial origin spread across the northern hemisphere. Like other landscapes in Europe, the study area has been used for intensive agriculture since the 1950s. In contrast to a parallel environmental DNA study that suggests the homogenization of biodiversity across KH, conceivably resulting from long-lasting intensive agriculture, land-use type affected the structure of the active KH communities during spring crop fertilization, but not a month later. This effect was more pronounced for eukaryotes than for bacteria. In contrast, gene expression patterns did not differ between months or across land-use types, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy across the KH communities. Variability in gene expression was best explained by active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures, suggesting that these changes in functioning are primarily driven by interactions between organisms. Our results indicate that influences of the surrounding landscape result in temporary changes in the activity of different community members. Thus, even in KH where biodiversity has been homogenized, communities continue to respond to land management. This potential needs to be considered when developing sustainable management options for restoration purposes and for successful mitigation of further biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes. KW - agriculture KW - eRNA KW - land use KW - metacommunity KW - transcriptomics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16348 SN - 0962-1083 SN - 1365-294X VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 1716 EP - 1734 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Houben, Timo A1 - Pujades, Estanislao A1 - Kalbacher, Thomas A1 - Dietrich, Peter A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - From dynamic groundwater level measurements to regional aquifer parameters - assessing the power of spectral analysis JF - Water resources research N2 - Large-scale groundwater models are required to estimate groundwater availability and to inform water management strategies on the national scale. However, parameterization of large-scale groundwater models covering areas of major river basins and more is challenging due to the lack of observational data and the mismatch between the scales of modeling and measurements. In this work, we propose to bridge the scale gap and derive regional hydraulic parameters by spectral analysis of groundwater level fluctuations. We hypothesize that specific locations in aquifers can reveal regional parameters of the hydraulic system. We first generate ensembles of synthetic but realistic aquifers which systematically differ in complexity. Applying Liang and Zhang's (2013), , semi-analytical solution for the spectrum of hydraulic head time series, we identify for each ensemble member and at different locations representative aquifer parameters. Next, we extend our study to investigate the use of spectral analysis in more complex numerical models and in real settings. Our analyses indicate that the variance of inferred effective transmissivity and storativity values for stochastic aquifer ensembles is small for observation points which are far away from the Dirichlet boundary. Moreover, the head time series has to cover a period which is roughly 10 times as long as the characteristic time of the aquifer. In deterministic aquifer models we infer equivalent, regionally valid parameters. A sensitivity analysis further reveals that as long as the aquifer length and the position of the groundwater measurement location is roughly known, the parameters can be robustly estimated. KW - spectral analysis of groundwater level fluctuations KW - proof of concept in numerical environments KW - homogeneous KW - stochastic and deterministic numerical model design KW - regional aquifer parameters KW - sensitivity analysis with field data KW - plausibility test with field data Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031289 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 58 IS - 5 PB - Wiley CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kong, Xiangzhen A1 - Ghaffar, Salman A1 - Determann, Maria A1 - Friese, Kurt A1 - Jomaa, Seifeddine A1 - Mi, Chenxi A1 - Shatwell, Tom A1 - Rinke, Karsten A1 - Rode, Michael T1 - Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects of global change JF - Water research : a journal of the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) N2 - Deforestation is currently a widespread phenomenon and a growing environmental concern in the era of rapid climate change. In temperate regions, it is challenging to quantify the impacts of deforestation on the catchment dynamics and downstream aquatic ecosystems such as reservoirs and disentangle these from direct climate change impacts, let alone project future changes to inform management. Here, we tackled this issue by investigating a unique catchment-reservoir system with two reservoirs in distinct trophic states (meso- and eutrophic), both of which drain into the largest drinking water reservoir in Germany. Due to the prolonged droughts in 2015-2018, the catchment of the mesotrophic reservoir lost an unprecedented area of forest (exponential increase since 2015 and ca. 17.1% loss in 2020 alone). We coupled catchment nutrient exports (HYPE) and reservoir ecosystem dynamics (GOTM-WET) models using a process-based modeling approach. The coupled model was validated with datasets spanning periods of rapid deforestation, which makes our future projections highly robust. Results show that in a short-term time scale (by 2035), increasing nutrient flux from the catchment due to vast deforestation (80% loss) can turn the mesotrophic reservoir into a eutrophic state as its counterpart. Our results emphasize the more prominent impacts of deforestation than the direct impact of climate warming in impairment of water quality and ecological services to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the impact of climate change on temperate reservoirs by incorporating a time scale-dependent context, highlighting the indirect impact of deforestation in the short-term scale. In the long-term scale (e.g. to 2100), a guiding hypothesis for future research may be that indirect effects (e.g., as mediated by catchment dynamics) are as important as the direct effects of climate warming on aquatic ecosystems. KW - deforestation KW - climate change KW - temperate regions KW - reservoir KW - eutrophication KW - process-based modeling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721 SN - 0043-1354 SN - 1879-2448 VL - 221 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pánek, Tomáš A1 - Břežný, Michal A1 - Harrison, Stephan A1 - Schönfeldt, Elisabeth A1 - Winocur, Diego T1 - Large landslides cluster at the margin of a deglaciated mountain belt JF - Scientific reports N2 - Landslides in deglaciated and deglaciating mountains represent a major hazard, but their distribution at the spatial scale of entire mountain belts has rarely been studied. Traditional models of landslide distribution assume that landslides are concentrated in the steepest, wettest, and most tectonically active parts of the orogens, where glaciers reached their greatest thickness. However, based on mapping large landslides (>0.9 km(2)) over an unprecedentedly large area of Southern Patagonia (similar to 305,000 km(2)), we show that the distribution of landslides can have the opposite trend. We show that the largest landslides within the limits of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) cluster along its eastern margins occupying lower, tectonically less active, and arid part of the Patagonian Andes. In contrast to the heavily glaciated, highest elevations of the mountain range, the peripheral regions have been glaciated only episodically, leaving a larger volume of unstable sedimentary and volcanic rocks that are subject to ongoing slope instability. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09357-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Elisabeth A1 - Becker, Marc A1 - Harpke, Alexander A1 - Kühn, Ingolf A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Schmitt, Thomas A1 - Settele, Josef A1 - Musche, Martin T1 - The benefits of counting butterflies: recommendations for a successful citizen science project JF - Ecology and Society N2 - Citizen science (CS) projects, being popular across many fields of science, have recently also become a popular tool to collect biodiversity data. Although the benefits of such projects for science and policy making are well understood, relatively little is known about the benefits participants get from these projects as well as their personal backgrounds and motivations. Furthermore, very little is known about their expectations. We here examine these aspects, with the citizen science project "German Butterfly Monitoring" as an example. A questionnaire was sent to all participants of the project and the responses to the questionnaire indicated the following: center dot Most transect walkers do not have a professional background in this field, though they do have a high educational level, and are close to retirement, with a high number of females; center dot An important motivation to join the project is to preserve the natural environment and to contribute to scientific knowledge; center dot Participants benefit by enhancing their knowledge about butterflies and especially their ability to identify different species (taxonomic knowledge); center dot Participants do not have specific expectations regarding the project beyond proper management and coordination, but have an intrinsic sense of working for a greater good. The willingness to join a project is higher if the project contributes to the solution of a problem discussed in the media (here, insect decline). Based on our findings from the analysis of the questionnaire we can derive a set of recommendations for establishing a successful CS project. These include the importance of good communication, e.g., by explaining what the (scientific) purpose of the project is and what problems are to be solved with the help of the data collected in the project. The motivation to join a CS project is mostly intrinsic and CS is a good tool to engage people during difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, giving participants the feeling of doing something useful. KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - gender gap KW - insect decline KW - intrinsic motivation KW - monitoring Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12861-270238 SN - 1708-3087 VL - 27 IS - 2 PB - Resilience Alliance CY - Wolfville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trautmann, Tina A1 - Koirala, Sujan A1 - Carvalhais, Nuno A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Jung, Martin T1 - The importance of vegetation in understanding terrestrial water storage variations JF - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences N2 - So far, various studies have aimed at decomposing the integrated terrestrial water storage variations observed by satellite gravimetry (GRACE, GRACE-FO) with the help of large-scale hydrological models. While the results of the storage decomposition depend on model structure, little attention has been given to the impact of the way that vegetation is represented in these models. Although vegetation structure and activity represent the crucial link between water, carbon, and energy cycles, their representation in large-scale hydrological models remains a major source of uncertainty. At the same time, the increasing availability and quality of Earth-observation-based vegetation data provide valuable information with good prospects for improving model simulations and gaining better insights into the role of vegetation within the global water cycle. In this study, we use observation-based vegetation information such as vegetation indices and rooting depths for spatializing the parameters of a simple global hydrological model to define infiltration, root water uptake, and transpiration processes. The parameters are further constrained by considering observations of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWS), soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET) and gridded runoff ( Q) estimates in a multi-criteria calibration approach. We assess the implications of including varying vegetation characteristics on the simulation results, with a particular focus on the partitioning between water storage components. To isolate the effect of vegetation, we compare a model experiment in which vegetation parameters vary in space and time to a baseline experiment in which all parameters are calibrated as static, globally uniform values. Both experiments show good overall performance, but explicitly including varying vegetation data leads to even better performance and more physically plausible parameter values. The largest improvements regarding TWS and ET are seen in supply-limited (semi-arid) regions and in the tropics, whereas Q simulations improve mainly in northern latitudes. While the total fluxes and storages are similar, accounting for vegetation substantially changes the contributions of different soil water storage components to the TWS variations. This suggests an important role of the representation of vegetation in hydrological models for interpreting TWS variations. Our simulations further indicate a major effect of deeper moisture storages and groundwater-soil moisture-vegetation interactions as a key to understanding TWS variations. We highlight the need for further observations to identify the adequate model structure rather than only model parameters for a reasonable representation and interpretation of vegetation-water interactions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1089-2022 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 1089 EP - 1109 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Zacharias, Steffen A1 - Kasner, Mandy A1 - Dietrich, Peter A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - Neutrons on rails BT - Transregional monitoring of soil moisture and snow water equivalent JF - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union N2 - Large-scale measurements of the spatial distribution of water content in soils and snow are challenging for state-of-the-art hydrogeophysical methods. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a noninvasive technology that has the potential to bridge the scale gap between conventional in situ sensors and remote sensing products in both, horizontal and vertical domains. In this study, we explore the feasibility and potential of estimating water content in soils and snow with neutron detectors in moving trains. Theoretical considerations quantify the stochastic measurement uncertainty as a function of water content, altitude, resolution, and detector efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the sensitivity of measured water content is almost unperturbed by train materials. Finally, three distinct real-world experiments provide a proof of concept on short and long-range tracks. With our results a transregional observational soil moisture product becomes a realistic vision within the next years. KW - soil moisture KW - transregional KW - multiscale KW - snow water equivalent KW - cosmic-ray neutron sensing KW - railway Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093924 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 48 IS - 24 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cai, Gaochao A1 - Tötzke, Christian A1 - Kaestner, Anders A1 - Ahmed, Mutez Ali T1 - Quantification of root water uptake and redistribution using neutron imaging: a review and future directions JF - The plant journal N2 - Quantifying root water uptake is essential to understanding plant water use and responses to different environmental conditions. However, non-destructive measurement of water transport and related hydraulics in the soil-root system remains a challenge. Neutron imaging, with its high sensitivity to hydrogen, has become an unparalleled tool to visualize and quantify root water uptake in vivo. In combination with isotopes (e.g., deuterated water) and a diffusion-convection model, root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution in root and soil can be quantified. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing neutron imaging to visualize and quantify root water uptake, hydraulic redistribution in roots and soil, and root hydraulic properties of different plant species. Under uniform soil moisture distributions, neutron radiographic studies have shown that water uptake was not uniform along the root and depended on both root type and age. For both tap (e.g., lupine [Lupinus albus L.]) and fibrous (e.g., maize [Zea mays L.]) root systems, water was mainly taken up through lateral roots. In mature maize, the location of water uptake shifted from seminal roots and their laterals to crown/nodal roots and their laterals. Under non-uniform soil moisture distributions, part of the water taken up during the daytime maintained the growth of crown/nodal roots in the upper, drier soil layers. Ultra-fast neutron tomography provides new insights into 3D water movement in soil and roots. We discuss the limitations of using neutron imaging and propose future directions to utilize neutron imaging to advance our understanding of root water uptake and soil-root interactions. KW - attenuation coefficient KW - convection KW - diffusion KW - radiography KW - root hydraulics KW - root water uptake KW - tomography Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15839 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 111 IS - 2 SP - 348 EP - 359 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glückler, Ramesh A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Vyse, Stuart Andrew A1 - Winkler, Bettina A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth T1 - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record JF - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union N2 - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 13 SP - 4185 EP - 4209 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Courtin, Jérémy A1 - Andreev, Andrei A1 - Raschke, Elena A1 - Bala, Sarah A1 - Biskaborn, Boris A1 - Liu, Sisi A1 - Zimmermann, Heike A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene. KW - last glacial KW - Holocene KW - Lake Bolshoe Toko KW - paleoenvironments KW - sedimentary ancient DNA KW - metabarcoding KW - trnL KW - pollen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096 SN - 2296-701X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryant, Seth A1 - Davies, Evan A1 - Sol, David A1 - Davis, Sandy T1 - The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood JF - Journal of flood risk management N2 - After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the $4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations. KW - Calgary KW - depth-damage functions KW - expected annual damages KW - flood risk KW - model KW - property level protection measures KW - risk analysis KW - risk dynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12811 SN - 1753-318X VL - 15 IS - 3 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Roger A1 - Busse, Jaqueline A1 - Siegmund, Nicole A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Iturri, Laura Antonela A1 - Panebianco, Juan E. A1 - Avecilla, Fernando A1 - Buschiazzo, Daniel T1 - Phytoliths in particulate matter released by wind erosion on arable land in La Pampa, Argentina JF - Frontiers in environmental science N2 - Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element in plant nutrition, but its importance on ecosystems goes far beyond that. Various forms of silicon are found in soils, of which the phytogenic pool plays a decisive role due to its good availability. This Si returns to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues, where they then participate in the further cycle as biogenic amorphous silica (bASi) or so-called phytoliths. These have a high affinity for water, so that the water holding capacity and water availability of soils can be increased even by small amounts of ASi. Agricultural land is a considerable global dust source, and dust samples from arable land have shown in cloud formation experiments a several times higher ice nucleation activity than pure mineral dust. Here, particle sizes in the particulate matter fractions (PM) are important, which can travel long distances and reach high altitudes in the atmosphere. Based on this, the research question was whether phytoliths could be detected in PM samples from wind erosion events, what are the main particle sizes of phytoliths and whether an initial quantification was possible.Measurements of PM concentrations were carried out at a wind erosion measuring field in the province La Pampa, Argentina. PM were sampled during five erosion events with Environmental Dust Monitors (EDM). After counting and classifying all particles with diameters between 0.3 and 32 mu m in the EDMs, they are collected on filters. The filters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to investigate single or ensembles of particles regarding composition and possible origins.The analyses showed up to 8.3 per cent being phytoliths in the emitted dust and up to 25 per cent of organic origin. Particles of organic origin are mostly in the coarse dust fraction, whereas phytoliths are predominately transported in the finer dust fractions. Since phytoliths are both an important source of Si as a plant nutrient and are also involved in soil C fixation, their losses from arable land via dust emissions should be considered and its specific influence on atmospheric processes should be studied in detail in the future. KW - dust KW - dust composition KW - particulate matter KW - scanning electron microscope KW - (SEM) analysis KW - phytolith Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.969898 SN - 2296-665X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneidemesser, Erika von A1 - Sibiya, Bheki A1 - Caseiro, Alexandre A1 - Butler, Tim A1 - Lawrence, Mark A1 - Leitao, Joana A1 - Lupaşcu, Aura A1 - Salvador, Pedro T1 - Learning from the COVID-19 lockdown in Berlin BT - Observations and modelling to support understanding policies to reduce NO2 JF - Atmospheric environment: X N2 - Urban air pollution is a substantial threat to human health. Traffic emissions remain a large contributor to air pollution in urban areas. The mobility restrictions put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a large-scale real-world experiment that allows for the evaluation of changes in traffic emissions and the corresponding changes in air quality. Here we use observational data, as well as modelling, to analyse changes in nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter resulting from the COVID-19 restrictions at the height of the lockdown period in Spring of 2020. Accounting for the influence of meteorology on air quality, we found that reduction of ca. 30-50 % in traffic counts, dominated by changes in passenger cars, corresponded to reductions in median observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations of ca. 40 % (traffic and urban background locations) and a ca. 22 % increase in ozone (urban background locations) during weekdays. Lesser reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations were observed at urban background stations at weekends, and no change in ozone was observed. The modelled reductions in median nitrogen dioxide at urban background locations were smaller than the observed reductions and the change was not significant. The model results showed no significant change in ozone on weekdays or weekends. The lack of a simulated weekday/weekend effect is consistent with previous work suggesting that NOx emissions from traffic could be significantly underestimated in European cities by models. These results indicate the potential for improvements in air quality due to policies for reducing traffic, along with the scale of reductions that would be needed to result in meaningful changes in air quality if a transition to sustainable mobility is to be seriously considered. They also confirm once more the highly relevant role of traffic for air quality in urban areas. KW - Urban areas KW - Air pollution KW - Emissions KW - COVID-19 KW - Nitrogen dioxide KW - Ozone KW - Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100122 SN - 2590-1621 VL - 12 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Heike A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Nürnberg, Dirk A1 - Tiedemann, Ralf A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Sedimentary ancient DNA from the subarctic North Pacific BT - How sea ice, salinity, and insolation dynamics have shaped diatom composition and richness over the past 20,000 years JF - Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology N2 - We traced diatom composition and diversity through time using diatom-derived sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) from eastern continental slope sediments off Kamchatka (North Pacific) by applying a short, diatom-specific marker on 63 samples in a DNA metabarcoding approach. The sequences were assigned to diatoms that are common in the area and characteristic of cold water. SedaDNA allowed us to observe shifts of potential lineages from species of the genus Chaetoceros that can be related to different climatic phases, suggesting that pre-adapted ecotypes might have played a role in the long-term success of species in areas of changing environmental conditions. These sedaDNA results complement our understanding of the long-term history of diatom assemblages and their general relationship to environmental conditions of the past. Sea-ice diatoms (Pauliella taeniata [Grunow] Round & Basson, Attheya septentrionalis [ostrup] R. M. Crawford and Nitzschia frigida [Grunow]) detected during the late glacial and Younger Dryas are in agreement with previous sea-ice reconstructions. A positive correlation between pennate diatom richness and the sea-ice proxy IP25 suggests that sea ice fosters pennate diatom richness, whereas a negative correlation with June insolation and temperature points to unfavorable conditions during the Holocene. A sharp increase in proportions of freshwater diatoms at similar to 11.1 cal kyr BP implies the influence of terrestrial runoff and coincides with the loss of 42% of diatom sequence variants. We assume that reduced salinity at this time stabilized vertical stratification which limited the replenishment of nutrients in the euphotic zone. KW - Bacillariophyceae KW - DNA metabarcoding KW - glacial / interglacial transition KW - northwestern Pacific KW - richness KW - sedaDNA Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004091 SN - 2572-4525 VL - 36 IS - 4 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Kern, Kristine A1 - Haupt, Wolfgang A1 - Eckersley, Peter A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Ranking local climate policy BT - assessing the mitigation and adaptation activities of 104 German cities JF - Climatic change : an interdisciplinary, international journal devoted to the description, causes and implications of climatic change N2 - Climate mitigation and climate adaptation are crucial tasks for urban areas and can involve synergies as well as trade-offs. However, few studies have examined how mitigation and adaptation efforts relate to each other in a large number of differently sized cities, and therefore we know little about whether forerunners in mitigation are also leading in adaptation or if cities tend to focus on just one policy field. This article develops an internationally applicable approach to rank cities on climate policy that incorporates multiple indicators related to (1) local commitments on mitigation and adaptation, (2) urban mitigation and adaptation plans and (3) climate adaptation and mitigation ambitions. We apply this method to rank 104 differently sized German cities and identify six clusters: climate policy leaders, climate adaptation leaders, climate mitigation leaders, climate policy followers, climate policy latecomers and climate policy laggards. The article seeks explanations for particular cities' positions and shows that coping with climate change in a balanced way on a high level depends on structural factors, in particular city size, the pathways of local climate policies since the 1990s and funding programmes for both climate mitigation and adaptation. N2 - Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung sind zentrale Aufgaben für Städte und können sowohl Synergien bilden als auch in Konflikt zueinander stehen. Allerdings haben weltweit nur wenige Studien bislang untersucht, wie Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung in einer großen Anzahl an Städten unterschiedlicher Größe zueinander stehen; für Deutschland wurde dies bisher noch gar nicht unterssucht. Daher ist bisher wenig darüber bekannt, ob Vorreiterstädte im Klimaschutz auch das Feld in der Klimaanpassung anführen oder ob sich Städte eher nur auf eines der beiden Politikthemen fokussieren. Dieser Artikel entwickelt daher einen international anwendbaren Ansatz, um Städte hinsichtlich ihrer Klimapolitik zu bewerten. In diesem Ansatz werden mehrere Indikatoren zusammengeführt, die sich hinsichtlich Klimaschutz und -anpassung auf (1) den lokalen Willen und das Engagement, (2) die veröffentlichten Konzepte und (3) die verfolgten Ambitionen beziehen. Diesen Ansatz wenden wir an, um 104 unterschiedlich große deutsche Städte zu bewerten und identifizieren darauf aufbauend sechs Cluster: Vorreiter in der Klimapolitik, Vorreiter in der Klimaanpassung, Vorreiter im Klimaschutz, Aufsteiger in der Klimapolitik, Nachahmer in der Klimapolitik und Nachzügler in der Klimapolitik. Der Artikel diskutiert Erklärungsansätze für einzelne Städtepositionen und arbeitet heraus, dass eine ausgewogene Klimapolitik auf hohem Niveau von strukturellen Faktoren abhängt. Insbesondere die Stadtgröße, Pfade der lokalen Klimapolitik seit den 1990ern und Förderprogramme für Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung spielen hierbei eine Rolle. KW - Climate mitigation KW - Climate adaptation KW - Climate policy integration KW - Urban planning KW - City ranking KW - Germany KW - Deutschland KW - Klimaanpassung KW - Klimapolitische Integration KW - Klimaschutz KW - Stadtplanung KW - Stadtranking Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03142-9 SN - 0165-0009 SN - 1573-1480 VL - 167 IS - 1-2 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goetz, Jason A1 - Kohrs, Robin A1 - Parra Hormazábal, Eric A1 - Bustos Morales, Manuel A1 - Araneda Riquelme, María Belén A1 - Henríquez Ruiz, Cristian A1 - Brenning, Alexander T1 - Optimizing and validating the Gravitational Process Path model for regional debris-flow runout modelling JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS / European Geophysical Society N2 - Knowing the source and runout of debris flows can help in planning strategies aimed at mitigating these hazards. Our research in this paper focuses on developing a novel approach for optimizing runout models for regional susceptibility modelling, with a case study in the upper Maipo River basin in the Andes of Santiago, Chile. We propose a two-stage optimization approach for automatically selecting parameters for estimating runout path and distance. This approach optimizes the random-walk and Perla et al.'s (PCM) two-parameter friction model components of the open-source Gravitational Process Path (GPP) modelling framework. To validate model performance, we assess the spatial transferability of the optimized runout model using spatial crossvalidation, including exploring the model's sensitivity to sample size. We also present diagnostic tools for visualizing uncertainties in parameter selection and model performance. Although there was considerable variation in optimal parameters for individual events, we found our runout modelling approach performed well at regional prediction of potential runout areas. We also found that although a relatively small sample size was sufficient to achieve generally good runout modelling performance, larger samples sizes (i.e. >= 80) had higher model performance and lower uncertainties for estimating runout distances at unknown locations. We anticipate that this automated approach using the open-source R software and the System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses geographic information system (SAGA-GIS) will make process-based debris-flow models more readily accessible and thus enable researchers and spatial planners to improve regional-scale hazard assessments. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2543-2021 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 2543 EP - 2562 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Bayesian geomorphology T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The rapidly growing amount and diversity of data are confronting us more than ever with the need to make informed predictions under uncertainty. The adverse impacts of climate change and natural hazards also motivate our search for reliable predictions. The range of statistical techniques that geomorphologists use to tackle this challenge has been growing, but rarely involves Bayesian methods. Instead, many geomorphic models rely on estimated averages that largely miss out on the variability of form and process. Yet seemingly fixed estimates of channel heads, sediment rating curves or glacier equilibrium lines, for example, are all prone to uncertainties. Neighbouring scientific disciplines such as physics, hydrology or ecology have readily embraced Bayesian methods to fully capture and better explain such uncertainties, as the necessary computational tools have advanced greatly. The aim of this article is to introduce the Bayesian toolkit to scientists concerned with Earth surface processes and landforms, and to show how geomorphic models might benefit from probabilistic concepts. I briefly review the use of Bayesian reasoning in geomorphology, and outline the corresponding variants of regression and classification in several worked examples. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1348 KW - Bayes’ rule KW - probability KW - uncertainty KW - prediction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-539892 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Chenzhi A1 - Postl, Alexander K. A1 - Böhmer, Thomas A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Dolman, Andrew M. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Harmonized chronologies of a global late Quaternary pollen dataset (LegacyAge 1.0) JF - Earth system science data : ESSD N2 - We present a chronology framework named LegacyAge 1.0 containing harmonized chronologies for 2831 pollen records (downloaded from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and the supplementary Asian datasets) together with their age control points and metadata in machine-readable data formats. All chronologies use the Bayesian framework implemented in Bacon version 2.5.3. Optimal parameter settings of priors (accumulation.shape, memory.strength, memory.mean, accumulation.rate, and thickness) were identified based on information in the original publication or iteratively after preliminary model inspection. The most common control points for the chronologies are radiocarbon dates (86.1 %), calibrated by the latest calibration curves (IntCal20 and SHCal20 for the terrestrial radiocarbon dates in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and Marine20 for marine materials). The original publications were consulted when dealing with outliers and inconsistencies. Several major challenges when setting up the chronologies included the waterline issue (18.8% of records), reservoir effect (4.9 %), and sediment deposition discontinuity (4.4 %). Finally, we numerically compare the LegacyAge 1.0 chronologies to those published in the original publications and show that the reliability of the chronologies of 95.4% of records could be improved according to our assessment. Our chronology framework and revised chronologies provide the opportunity to make use of the ages and age uncertainties in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change. The LegacyAge 1.0 dataset, including metadata, datings, harmonized chronologies, and R code used, is openaccess and available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933132; Li et al., 2021) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815192; Li et al., 2022), respectively. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 1331 EP - 1343 PB - Copernics Publications CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaller, Jörg A1 - Scherwietes, Eric A1 - Gerber, Lukas A1 - Vaidya, Shrijana A1 - Kaczorek, Danuta A1 - Pausch, Johanna A1 - Barkusky, Dietmar A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Hoffmann, Mathias T1 - Silica fertilization improved wheat performance and increased phosphorus concentrations during drought at the field scale JF - Scientific reports N2 - Drought and the availability of mineable phosphorus minerals used for fertilization are two of the important issues agriculture is facing in the future. High phosphorus availability in soils is necessary to maintain high agricultural yields. Drought is one of the major threats for terrestrial ecosystem performance and crop production in future. Among the measures proposed to cope with the upcoming challenges of intensifying drought stress and to decrease the need for phosphorus fertilizer application is the fertilization with silica (Si). Here we tested the importance of soil Si fertilization on wheat phosphorus concentration as well as wheat performance during drought at the field scale. Our data clearly showed a higher soil moisture for the Si fertilized plots. This higher soil moisture contributes to a better plant performance in terms of higher photosynthetic activity and later senescence as well as faster stomata responses ensuring higher productivity during drought periods. The plant phosphorus concentration was also higher in Si fertilized compared to control plots. Overall, Si fertilization or management of the soil Si pools seem to be a promising tool to maintain crop production under predicted longer and more serve droughts in the future and reduces phosphorus fertilizer requirements. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00464-7 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - [London] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Miechielsen, Milena A1 - Schmidt, Katja T1 - Leitfaden für die Erstellung von kommunalen Aktionsplänen zur Steigerung der urbanen Klimaresilienz N2 - Die durch Klimaveränderungen hervorgerufenen Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Umwelt werden immer offensichtlicher: Neben der gesundheitlichen Gefährdung durch Hitzewellen, die deutschlandweit seit einigen Jahren eine steigende Rate an Todes- und Krankheitsfällen zur Folge hat sind in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Starkniederschläge und daraus resultierenden Überschwemmungen bzw. Sturzfluten aufgetreten. Diese ziehen zum Teil immensen wirtschaftlichen Schäden, aber auch Beeinträchtigungen für die menschliche Gesundheit – sowohl physisch als auch psychisch – sowie gar Todesopfer nach sich. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Extremwetterereignisse zukünftiger noch häufiger auftreten werden. Um die Bevölkerung besser vor den Folgen dieser Wetterextreme zu schützen, sind neben Klimaschutzmaßnahmen auch Vorsorge- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen zur Steigerung der kommunalen Klimaresilienz dringend notwendig. Dazu bedarf es einerseits einer Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen kommunalen Risiken und daraus resultierenden Handlungsbedarfen, und andererseits eines interdisziplinären, querschnittsorientierten und prozessorientierten Planens und Handelns. Aktionspläne sollen diese beiden Aspekte bündeln. In den letzten Jahren sind einige kommunale und kommunenübergreifende (Hitze-) aufgestellt worden. Diese unterscheiden sich jedoch in ihrem Inhalt und Umfang zum Teil erheblich. Mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden soll eine effektive Hilfestellung geschaffen werden, um Kommunen bzw. die kommunale Verwaltung auf dem Weg zum eigenen Aktionsplan zu unterstützt. Dabei fokussiert der Leitfaden auf die Herausforderungen, die sich durch vermehrte Hitze- und Starkregenereignisse ergeben. Er stützt sich auf schon vorhandene Arbeitshilfen, Handlungsempfehlungen, Leitfäden und weitere Hinweise und verweist an vielen Stellen auch darauf. So soll ein praxistauglicher Leitfaden entstehen, der flexibel anwendbar ist. Mit Hilfe des vorliegenden Leitfadens können Kommunen ihre Aktivitäten auf Hitze oder Starkregen fokussieren oder einen umfassenden Aktionsplan für beide Themenbereiche erstellen. N2 - The effects of climate change on people and the environment are becoming ever more apparent: in addition to the health risks posed by heatwaves, which have resulted in an increasing number of deaths and illnesses across Germany in recent years, heavy rainfall and the resulting floods and flash floods have become more frequent in recent years. In some cases, these have caused immense economic damage, but have also had a negative impact on human health - both physically and psychologically - and even resulted in fatalities. It can be assumed that these extreme weather events will occur even more frequently in the future. In order to protect the population from the consequences of these extreme weather events, precautionary and adaptation measures to increase municipal climate resilience are urgently needed in addition to climate protection measures. This requires, on the one hand, an examination of the local authority's own risks and the resulting need for action and, on the other hand, interdisciplinary, cross-sectional and process-oriented planning and action. Action plans should combine these two aspects. A number of municipal and cross-municipal (heat) plans have been drawn up in recent years. However, some of these differ considerably in terms of content and scope. The aim of this guide is to provide effective assistance to support municipalities and municipal administrations on the path to their own action plan. It focuses on the challenges posed by increased heat and heavy rainfall events. It is based on existing work aids, recommendations for action, guidelines and other information and also refers to them in many places. The aim is to create a practical guide that can be applied flexibly. With the help of this guide, local authorities can focus their activities on heat or heavy rainfall or create a comprehensive action plan for both topics. KW - Klimaresilienz KW - Hitzeaktionsplan KW - Starkregen KW - Klimaanpassung KW - climate mitigation KW - pluvial flooding KW - heat action plan KW - climate resilience KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630578 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuster, Valerian A1 - Rybacki, Erik A1 - Bonnelye, Audrey A1 - Dresen, Georg T1 - Authors’ Reply to the Discussion by Crisci et al. (2021): Experimental deformation of Opalinus Clay at elevated temperature and pressure conditions BT - mechanical properties and the influence of rock fabric JF - Rock mechanics and rock engineering KW - opalinus clay KW - testing procedure KW - pore pressure generation KW - strain rate KW - drying-induced micro cracks Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02675-w SN - 0723-2632 SN - 1434-453X VL - 55 SP - 467 EP - 469 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Chuanbin A1 - Cotton, Fabrice A1 - Kawase, Hiroshi A1 - Händel, Annabel A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Nakano, Kenichi T1 - How well can we predict earthquake site response so far? BT - site-specific approaches JF - Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute N2 - Earthquake site responses or site effects are the modifications of surface geology to seismic waves. How well can we predict the site effects (average over many earthquakes) at individual sites so far? To address this question, we tested and compared the effectiveness of different estimation techniques in predicting the outcrop Fourier site responses separated using the general inversion technique (GIT) from recordings. Techniques being evaluated are (a) the empirical correction to the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (c-HVSR), (b) one-dimensional ground response analysis (GRA), and (c) the square-root-impedance (SRI) method (also called the quarter-wavelength approach). Our results show that c-HVSR can capture significantly more site-specific features in site responses than both GRA and SRI in the aggregate, especially at relatively high frequencies. c-HVSR achieves a "good match" in spectral shape at similar to 80%-90% of 145 testing sites, whereas GRA and SRI fail at most sites. GRA and SRI results have a high level of parametric and/or modeling errors which can be constrained, to some extent, by collecting on-site recordings. KW - Site response KW - site effects KW - HVSR KW - ground response analysis KW - square-root-impedance KW - earthquake Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211060859 SN - 8755-2930 SN - 1944-8201 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 1047 EP - 1075 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warchold, Anne A1 - Pradhan, Prajal A1 - Thapa, Pratibha A1 - Putra, Muhammad Panji Islam Fajar A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - Building a unified sustainable development goal database BT - why does sustainable development goal data selection matter? JF - Sustainable development N2 - The 2020s are an essential decade for achieving the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this, SDG research needs to provide evidence that can be translated into concrete actions. However, studies use different SDG data, resulting in incomparable findings. Researchers primarily use SDG databases provided by the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the Bertelsmann Stiftung & Sustainable Development Solutions Network (BE-SDSN). We compile these databases into one unified SDG database and examine the effects of the data selection on our understanding of SDG interactions. Among the databases, we observed more different than similar SDG interactions. Differences in synergies and trade-offs mainly occur for SDGs that are environmentally oriented. Due to the increased data availability, the unified SDG database offers a more nuanced and reliable view of SDG interactions. Thus, the SDG data selection may lead to diverse findings, fostering actions that might neglect or exacerbate trade-offs. KW - inequalities KW - SDG indicator databases KW - SDG interactions KW - SDG networks; KW - SDGs KW - synergies and trade-offs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2316 SN - 0968-0802 SN - 1099-1719 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khurana, Swamini A1 - Hesse, Falk A1 - Kleidon-Hildebrandt, Anke A1 - Thullner, Martin T1 - Should we worry about surficial dynamics when assessing nutrient cycling in the groundwater? JF - Frontiers in water N2 - The fluxes of water and solutes in the subsurface compartment of the Critical Zone are temporally dynamic and it is unclear how this impacts microbial mediated nutrient cycling in the spatially heterogeneous subsurface. To investigate this, we undertook numerical modeling, simulating the transport in a wide range of spatially heterogeneous domains, and the biogeochemical transformation of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds using a complex microbial community with four (4) distinct functional groups, in water saturated subsurface compartments. We performed a comprehensive uncertainty analysis accounting for varying residence times and spatial heterogeneity. While the aggregated removal of chemical species in the domains over the entire simulation period was approximately the same as that in steady state conditions, the sub-scale temporal variation of microbial biomass and chemical discharge from a domain depended strongly on the interplay of spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of the forcing. We showed that the travel time and the Damkohler number (Da) can be used to predict the temporally varying chemical discharge from a spatially heterogeneous domain. In homogeneous domains, chemical discharge in temporally dynamic conditions could be double of that in the steady state conditions while microbial biomass varied up to 75% of that in steady state conditions. In heterogeneous domains, the interquartile range of uncertainty in chemical discharge in reaction dominated systems (log(10)Da > 0) was double of that in steady state conditions. However, high heterogeneous domains resulted in outliers where chemical discharge could be as high as 10-20 times of that in steady state conditions in high flow periods. And in transport dominated systems (log(10)Da < 0), the chemical discharge could be half of that in steady state conditions in unusually low flow conditions. In conclusion, ignoring spatio-temporal heterogeneities in a numerical modeling approach may exacerbate inaccurate estimation of nutrient export and microbial biomass. The results are relevant to long-term field monitoring studies, and for homogeneous soil column-scale experiments investigating the role of temporal dynamics on microbial redox dynamics. KW - reactive transport modeling KW - spatio-temporal heterogeneity KW - uncertainty KW - geomicrobial activity KW - nutrient export Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.780297 SN - 2624-9375 VL - 4 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spooner, Cameron A1 - Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena A1 - Cacace, Mauro A1 - Anikiev, Denis T1 - How Alpine seismicity relates to lithospheric strength JF - International journal of earth sciences N2 - Despite the amount of research focussed on the Alpine orogen, different hypotheses still exist regarding varying spatial seismicity distribution patterns throughout the region. Previous measurement-constrained regional 3D models of lithospheric density distribution and thermal field facilitate the generation of a data-based rheological model of the region. In this study, we compute the long-term lithospheric strength and compare its spatial variation to observed seismicity patterns. We demonstrate how strength maxima within the crust (similar to 1 GPa) and upper mantle (> 2 GPa) occur at temperatures characteristic of the onset of crystal plasticity in those rocks (crust: 200-400 degrees C; mantle: similar to 600 degrees C), with almost all seismicity occurring in these regions. Correlation in the northern and southern forelands between crustal and lithospheric strengths and seismicity show different patterns of event distribution, reflecting their different tectonic settings. Seismicity in the plate boundary setting of the southern foreland corresponds to the integrated lithospheric strength, occurring mainly in the weaker domains surrounding the strong Adriatic plate. In the intraplate setting of the northern foreland, seismicity correlates to modelled crustal strength, and it mainly occurs in the weaker and warmer crust beneath the Upper Rhine Graben. We, therefore, suggest that seismicity in the upper crust is linked to weak crustal domains, which are more prone to localise deformation promoting failure and, depending on the local properties of the fault, earthquakes at relatively lower levels of accumulated stress than their neighbouring stronger counterparts. Upper mantle seismicity at depths greater than modelled brittle conditions, can be either explained by embrittlement of the mantle due to grain-size sensitive deformation within domains of active or recent slab cooling, or by dissipative weakening mechanisms, such as thermal runaway from shear heating and/or dehydration reactions within an overly ductile mantle. Results generated in this study are available for open access use to further discussions on the region. KW - lithosphere KW - strength KW - rheology KW - 3D-Model KW - Alps KW - seismicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02174-5 SN - 1437-3254 SN - 1437-3262 VL - 111 IS - 4 SP - 1201 EP - 1221 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönfeldt, Elisabeth A1 - Winocur, Diego A1 - Pánek, Tomáš A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Deep learning reveals one of Earth's largest landslide terrain in Patagonia JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - Hundreds of basaltic plateau margins east of the Patagonian Cordillera are undermined by numerous giant slope failures. However, the overall extent of this widespread type of plateau collapse remains unknown and incompletely captured in local maps. To detect giant slope failures consistently throughout the region, we train two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), AlexNet and U-Net, with Sentinel-2 optical data and TanDEM-X topographic data on elevation, surface roughness, and curvature. We validated the performance of these CNNs with independent testing data and found that AlexNet performed better when learned on topographic data, and UNet when learned on optical data. AlexNet predicts a total landslide area of 12,000 km2 in a study area of 450,000 km2, and thus one of Earth's largest clusters of giant landslides. These are mostly lateral spreads and rotational failures in effusive rocks, particularly eroding the margins of basaltic plateaus; some giant landslides occurred along shores of former glacial lakes, but are least prevalent in Quaternary sedimentary rocks. Given the roughly comparable topographic, climatic, and seismic conditions in our study area, we infer that basalts topping weak sedimentary rocks may have elevated potential for large-scale slope failure. Judging from the many newly detected and previously unknown landslides, we conclude that CNNs can be a valuable tool to detect large-scale slope instability at the regional scale. However, visual inspection is still necessary to validate results and correctly outline individual landslide source and deposit areas. KW - landslide detection KW - convolutional neural network KW - Patagonia Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117642 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 593 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Sebastian A1 - Schüler, Lennart A1 - Zech, Alraune A1 - Heße, Falk T1 - GSTools v1.3: a toolbox for geostatistical modelling in Python JF - Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Geostatistics as a subfield of statistics accounts for the spatial correlations encountered in many applications of, for example, earth sciences. Valuable information can be extracted from these correlations, also helping to address the often encountered burden of data scarcity. Despite the value of additional data, the use of geostatistics still falls short of its potential. This problem is often connected to the lack of user-friendly software hampering the use and application of geostatistics. We therefore present GSTools, a Python-based software suite for solving a wide range of geostatistical problems. We chose Python due to its unique balance between usability, flexibility, and efficiency and due to its adoption in the scientific community. GSTools provides methods for generating random fields; it can perform kriging, variogram estimation and much more. We demonstrate its abilities by virtue of a series of example applications detailing their use. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3161-2022 SN - 1991-959X SN - 1991-9603 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 3161 EP - 3182 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arguello de Souza, Felipe Augusto A1 - Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme A1 - Guzman Arias, Diego Alejandro A1 - Sarmento Buarque, Ana Carolina A1 - Taffarello, Denise A1 - Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario T1 - Droughts in São Paulo BT - challenges and lessons for a water-adaptive society JF - Urban water journal N2 - Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013-2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985-1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs. KW - droughts KW - urban water supply KW - water crisis KW - drought risk KW - paired event KW - analysis KW - vulnerability Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2047735 SN - 1573-062X SN - 1744-9006 VL - 20 IS - 10 SP - 1682 EP - 1694 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Guntu, Ravikumar A1 - Banerjee, Abhirup A1 - Gadhawe, Mayuri Ashokrao A1 - Marwan, Norbert T1 - A complex network approach to study the extreme precipitation patterns in a river basin JF - Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science N2 - The quantification of spatial propagation of extreme precipitation events is vital in water resources planning and disaster mitigation. However, quantifying these extreme events has always been challenging as many traditional methods are insufficient to capture the nonlinear interrelationships between extreme event time series. Therefore, it is crucial to develop suitable methods for analyzing the dynamics of extreme events over a river basin with a diverse climate and complicated topography. Over the last decade, complex network analysis emerged as a powerful tool to study the intricate spatiotemporal relationship between many variables in a compact way. In this study, we employ two nonlinear concepts of event synchronization and edit distance to investigate the extreme precipitation pattern in the Ganga river basin. We use the network degree to understand the spatial synchronization pattern of extreme rainfall and identify essential sites in the river basin with respect to potential prediction skills. The study also attempts to quantify the influence of precipitation seasonality and topography on extreme events. The findings of the study reveal that (1) the network degree is decreased in the southwest to northwest direction, (2) the timing of 50th percentile precipitation within a year influences the spatial distribution of degree, (3) the timing is inversely related to elevation, and (4) the lower elevation greatly influences connectivity of the sites. The study highlights that edit distance could be a promising alternative to analyze event-like data by incorporating event time and amplitude and constructing complex networks of climate extremes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0072520 SN - 1054-1500 SN - 1089-7682 VL - 32 IS - 1 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Woodbury, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iturri, Laura Antonela A1 - Funk, Roger A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Buschiazzo, Daniel T1 - Transport preferences of P forms in wind-blown sediments of two susceptible soils JF - Aeolian research : an international journal on wind erosion research / International Society of Aeolian Research N2 - Wind erosion of agricultural soils affects their stock of essential elements for plants, like phosphorus (P). It is known that the composition of the eroded sediments varies with height, according to the size and density of the transported substances. Aim of this study was to analyze the concentration and enrichment ratios of P forms in sediments transported by the wind. A wind-tunnel study was performed on a sandy-and a sandy loam soil in order to measure P forms concentrations in the saltating sediments. P concentrations were also measured in the particulate matter (PM) of each soil, gained with the Easy Dust Generator. In both soils, inorganic-(Pi) and organic P (Po) were preferentially transported in PM, with enrichment ratios of 1.8 and 5.5, respectively. Nevertheless, a Pi/Po of 0.9 indicated that the accumulation of the minor Po in PM was more pronounced than Pi. This agrees with P-rich light and easily erodible organic compounds, almost exclusively accumulated in PM, and in relatively heavy and less erodible minerals, like apatites, in lower height sediments. Labile P (Pl) was preferentially transported in saltating sediments of both soils. This was attributed to the selective Bray & Kurtz I's extraction of the abundant inorganic P forms of these sediments. Total P (Pt) copied the transport trends of Pi, the major form. According to the transporting trends, Pi and Po would be re-sedimented at longer distances from the source than Pl. Outcomes become useful for modeling the influence of wind erosion on P cycling. KW - Nutrient KW - Soil fertility KW - Wind erosion KW - Semiarid KW - Wind tunnel Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100776 SN - 1875-9637 VL - 55 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Smetanová, Anna A1 - Müller, Anne A1 - Zargar, Morteza A1 - Suleiman, Mohamed A. A1 - Gholami, Faraz Rabei A1 - Mousavi, Maryam T1 - Mesoscale mapping of sediment source hotspots for dam sediment management in data-sparse semi-arid catchments T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Land degradation and water availability in semi-arid regions are interdependent challenges for management that are influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes. Erosion and high sediment loads in rivers cause reservoir siltation and decrease storage capacity, which pose risk on water security for citizens, agriculture, and industry. In regions where resources for management are limited, identifying spatial-temporal variability of sediment sources is crucial to decrease siltation. Despite widespread availability of rigorous methods, approaches simplifying spatial and temporal variability of erosion are often inappropriately applied to very data sparse semi-arid regions. In this work, we review existing approaches for mapping erosional hotspots, and provide an example of spatial-temporal mapping approach in two case study regions. The barriers limiting data availability and their effects on erosion mapping methods, their validation, and resulting prioritization of leverage management areas are discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1388 KW - reservoir siltation KW - water security KW - water management KW - data sharing KW - spatial-temporal KW - erosion hotspots KW - mapping KW - global datasets KW - mesoscale KW - leverage areas Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472441 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smetanová, Anna A1 - Müller, Anne A1 - Zargar, Morteza A1 - Suleiman, Mohamed A. A1 - Gholami, Faraz Rabei A1 - Mousavi, Maryam T1 - Mesoscale mapping of sediment source hotspots for dam sediment management in data-sparse semi-arid catchments JF - Water N2 - Land degradation and water availability in semi-arid regions are interdependent challenges for management that are influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes. Erosion and high sediment loads in rivers cause reservoir siltation and decrease storage capacity, which pose risk on water security for citizens, agriculture, and industry. In regions where resources for management are limited, identifying spatial-temporal variability of sediment sources is crucial to decrease siltation. Despite widespread availability of rigorous methods, approaches simplifying spatial and temporal variability of erosion are often inappropriately applied to very data sparse semi-arid regions. In this work, we review existing approaches for mapping erosional hotspots, and provide an example of spatial-temporal mapping approach in two case study regions. The barriers limiting data availability and their effects on erosion mapping methods, their validation, and resulting prioritization of leverage management areas are discussed. KW - reservoir siltation KW - water security KW - water management KW - data sharing KW - spatial-temporal KW - erosion hotspots KW - mapping KW - global datasets KW - mesoscale KW - leverage areas Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020396 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -