TY - JOUR A1 - Lück, Erika A1 - Müller, Martin T1 - Special section on the application of geophysics in agriculture : part II ; foreword Y1 - 2009 SN - 1569-4445 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolbern, I A1 - Jacob, A. W. B. A1 - Blake, T. A. A1 - Kind, Rainer A1 - Li, X A1 - Yuan, X. H A1 - Duennebier, F A1 - Weber, Michael H. T1 - Deep origin of the Hawaiian tilted plume conduit derived from receiver functions N2 - We employ P to S converted waveforms to investigate effects of the hot mantle plume on seismic discontinuities of the crust and upper mantle. We observe the Moho at depths between 13 and 17 km, regionally covered by a strong shallow intracrustal converted phase. Coherent phases on the transverse component indicate either dipping interfaces, 3- D heterogeneities or lower crustal anisotropy. We find anomalies related to discontinuities in the upper mantle down to the transition zone evidently related to the hot mantle plume. Lithospheric thinning is confirmed in greater detail than previously reported by Li et al., and we determine the dimensions of the low-velocity zone within the asthenosphere with greater accuracy. Our study mainly focuses on the temperature-pressure dependent discontinuities of the upper mantle transition zone. Effects of the hot diapir on the depths of mineral phase transitions are verified at both major interfaces at 410 and 660 km. We determine a plume radius of about 200 km at the 660 km discontinuity with a core zone of about 120 km radius. The plume conduit is located southwest of Big Island. A conduit tilted in the northeast direction is required in the upper mantle to explain the observations. The determined positions of deflections of the discontinuities support the hypothesis of decoupled upper and lower mantle convection Y1 - 2006 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03036.x/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03036.x ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haug, Gerald H. A1 - Sigman, Daniel M. T1 - Palaeoceanography : polar twins N2 - Ice ages in the North Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean were marked by low productivity. Accumulating evidence indicates that strong stratification restricted the supply of nutrients from the deep ocean to the algae of the sunlit surface in these regions. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.nature.com/ngeo U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/Ngeo423 SN - 1752-0894 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias A1 - Zack, Thomas A1 - O'Brien, Patrick J. T1 - Combining thermodynamic and trace element modeling : a tool to quantify mineral reactions and trace element budgets during metamorphism Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.009 SN - 0016-7037 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Max A1 - Partzsch, G. M. A1 - Welter, E. A1 - Farges, Francois T1 - Redox Reaction In Silicate Melts Monitored By Static In-Situ Fe K-edge XANES Up To 1180 C Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Max A1 - Farges, Francois A1 - Partzsch, G. M. A1 - Schmidt, C. A1 - Behrens, Harald T1 - Speciation of Fe in silicate glasses and melts by in-situ XANES spectroscopy Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farges, Francois A1 - de Wispelaere, S. A1 - Rossano, Stephanie A1 - Munoz, Manuel A1 - Wilke, Max A1 - Flank, Anne-Marie A1 - Lagarde, Pierre T1 - Local structures around Si, Al, and Na in hydrated silicate glasses Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Bessel, Tina A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - The flood of June 2013 in Germany BT - how much do we know about its impacts? JF - National Hazards Earth System Science N2 - In June 2013, widespread flooding and consequent damage and losses occurred in Central Europe, especially in Germany. This paper explores what data are available to investigate the adverse impacts of the event, what kind of information can be retrieved from these data and how well data and information fulfil requirements that were recently proposed for disaster reporting on the European and international levels. In accordance with the European Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), impacts on human health, economic activities (and assets), cultural heritage and the environment are described on the national and sub-national scale. Information from governmental reports is complemented by communications on traffic disruptions and surveys of flood-affected residents and companies. Overall, the impacts of the flood event in 2013 were manifold. The study reveals that flood-affected residents suffered from a large range of impacts, among which mental health and supply problems were perceived more seriously than financial losses. The most frequent damage type among affected companies was business interruption. This demonstrates that the current scientific focus on direct (financial) damage is insufficient to describe the overall impacts and severity of flood events. The case further demonstrates that procedures and standards for impact data collection in Germany are widely missing. Present impact data in Germany are fragmentary, heterogeneous, incomplete and difficult to access. In order to fulfil, for example, the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 that was adopted in March 2015 in Sendai, Japan, more efforts on impact data collection are needed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1519-2016 IS - 16 SP - 1519 EP - 1540 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Worni, Raphael A1 - Huggel, Christian A1 - Stoffel, Markus A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Uncertainty in the Himalayan energy–water nexus BT - estimating regional exposure to glacial lake outburst floods JF - Environmental research letters : ERL N2 - Himalayan water resources attract a rapidly growing number of hydroelectric power projects (HPP) to satisfy Asia's soaring energy demands. Yet HPP operating or planned in steep, glacier-fed mountain rivers face hazards of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) that can damage hydropower infrastructure, alter water and sediment yields, and compromise livelihoods downstream. Detailed appraisals of such GLOF hazards are limited to case studies, however, and a more comprehensive, systematic analysis remains elusive. To this end we estimate the regional exposure of 257 Himalayan HPP to GLOFs, using a flood-wave propagation model fed by Monte Carlo-derived outburst volumes of >2300 glacial lakes. We interpret the spread of thus modeled peak discharges as a predictive uncertainty that arises mainly from outburst volumes and dam-breach rates that are difficult to assess before dams fail. With 66% of sampled HPP are on potential GLOF tracks, up to one third of these HPP could experience GLOF discharges well above local design floods, as hydropower development continues to seek higher sites closer to glacial lakes. We compute that this systematic push of HPP into headwaters effectively doubles the uncertainty about GLOF peak discharge in these locations. Peak discharges farther downstream, in contrast, are easier to predict because GLOF waves attenuate rapidly. Considering this systematic pattern of regional GLOF exposure might aid the site selection of future Himalayan HPP. Our method can augment, and help to regularly update, current hazard assessments, given that global warming is likely changing the number and size of Himalayan meltwater lakes. KW - Himalayas KW - glacial hazards KW - glacial lake outburst floods KW - hydropower KW - water resources Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074005 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 11 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Kunz, Michael A1 - Mühr, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Petrow, Theresia A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - Review of the flood risk management system in Germany after the major flood in 2013 JF - Ecology and society : E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability N2 - Widespread flooding in June 2013 caused damage costs of €6 to 8 billion in Germany, and awoke many memories of the floods in August 2002, which resulted in total damage of €11.6 billion and hence was the most expensive natural hazard event in Germany up to now. The event of 2002 does, however, also mark a reorientation toward an integrated flood risk management system in Germany. Therefore, the flood of 2013 offered the opportunity to review how the measures that politics, administration, and civil society have implemented since 2002 helped to cope with the flood and what still needs to be done to achieve effective and more integrated flood risk management. The review highlights considerable improvements on many levels, in particular (1) an increased consideration of flood hazards in spatial planning and urban development, (2) comprehensive property-level mitigation and preparedness measures, (3) more effective flood warnings and improved coordination of disaster response, and (4) a more targeted maintenance of flood defense systems. In 2013, this led to more effective flood management and to a reduction of damage. Nevertheless, important aspects remain unclear and need to be clarified. This particularly holds for balanced and coordinated strategies for reducing and overcoming the impacts of flooding in large catchments, cross-border and interdisciplinary cooperation, the role of the general public in the different phases of flood risk management, as well as a transparent risk transfer system. Recurring flood events reveal that flood risk management is a continuous task. Hence, risk drivers, such as climate change, land-use changes, economic developments, or demographic change and the resultant risks must be investigated at regular intervals, and risk reduction strategies and processes must be reassessed as well as adapted and implemented in a dialogue with all stakeholders. KW - August 2002 flood KW - Central Europe KW - Floods Directive KW - governance KW - June 2013 flood KW - risk management cycle Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08547-210251 SN - 1708-3087 SN - 1195-5449 VL - 21 IS - 2 PB - Resilience Alliance CY - Wolfville, NS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Collis, Scott A1 - Dixon, M. J. A1 - Helmus, J. J. A1 - Henja, A. A1 - Michelson, D. B. A1 - Pfaff, Thomas T1 - An Open Virtual Machine for Cross-Platform Weather Radar Science JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society : BAMS N2 - In a recent BAMS article, it is argued that community-based Open Source Software (OSS) could foster scientific progress in weather radar research, and make weather radar software more affordable, flexible, transparent, sustainable, and interoperable. Nevertheless, it can be challenging for potential developers and users to realize these benefits: tools are often cumbersome to install; different operating systems may have particular issues, or may not be supported at all; and many tools have steep learning curves. To overcome some of these barriers, we present an open, community-based virtual machine (VM). This VM can be run on any operating system, and guarantees reproducibility of results across platforms. It contains a suite of independent OSS weather radar tools (BALTRAD, Py-ART, wradlib, RSL, and Radx), and a scientific Python stack. Furthermore, it features a suite of recipes that work out of the box and provide guidance on how to use the different OSS tools alone and together. The code to build the VM from source is hosted on GitHub, which allows the VM to grow with its community. We argue that the VM presents another step toward Open (Weather Radar) Science. It can be used as a quick way to get started, for teaching, or for benchmarking and combining different tools. It can foster the idea of reproducible research in scientific publishing. Being scalable and extendable, it might even allow for real-time data processing. We expect the VM to catalyze progress toward interoperability, and to lower the barrier for new users and developers, thus extending the weather radar community and user base. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00220.1 SN - 0003-0007 SN - 1520-0477 VL - 96 SP - 1641 EP - 1645 PB - American Meteorological Society CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kormann, C. A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Renner, M. A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Attribution of high resolution streamflow trends in Western Austria BT - an approach based on climate and discharge station data JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences N2 - The results of streamflow trend studies are often characterized by mostly insignificant trends and inexplicable spatial patterns. In our study region, Western Austria, this applies especially for trends of annually averaged runoff. However, analysing the altitudinal aspect, we found that there is a trend gradient from higher-altitude to lower-altitude stations, i.e. a pattern of mostly positive annual trends at higher stations and negative ones at lower stations. At midaltitudes, the trends are mostly insignificant. Here we hypothesize that the streamflow trends are caused by the following two main processes: on the one hand, melting glaciers produce excess runoff at higher-altitude watersheds. On the other hand, rising temperatures potentially alter hydrological conditions in terms of less snowfall, higher infiltration, enhanced evapotranspiration, etc., which in turn results in decreasing streamflow trends at lower-altitude watersheds. However, these patterns are masked at mid-altitudes because the resulting positive and negative trends balance each other. To support these hypotheses, we attempted to attribute the detected trends to specific causes. For this purpose, we analysed trends of filtered daily streamflow data, as the causes for these changes might be restricted to a smaller temporal scale than the annual one. This allowed for the explicit determination of the exact days of year (DOYs) when certain streamflow trends emerge, which were then linked with the corresponding DOYs of the trends and characteristic dates of other observed variables, e.g. the average DOY when temperature crosses the freezing point in spring. Based on these analyses, an empirical statistical model was derived that was able to simulate daily streamflow trends sufficiently well. Analyses of subdaily streamflow changes provided additional insights. Finally, the present study supports many modelling approaches in the literature which found out that the main drivers of alpine streamflow changes are increased glacial melt, earlier snowmelt and lower snow accumulation in wintertime. KW - alpine KW - catchments KW - impacts KW - regimes KW - seasonality KW - snow KW - switzerland KW - temperature KW - time-series KW - variability Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1225-2015 SN - 1607-7938 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 19 SP - 1225 EP - 1245 PB - EGU CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vormoor, Klaus Josef A1 - Lawrence, D. A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Climate change impacts on the seasonality and generation processes of floods BT - projections and uncertainties for catchments with mixed snowmelt/rainfall regimes JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Climate change is likely to impact the seasonality and generation processes of floods in the Nordic countries, which has direct implications for flood risk assessment, design flood estimation, and hydropower production management. Using a multi-model/multi-parameter approach to simulate daily discharge for a reference (1961–1990) and a future (2071–2099) period, we analysed the projected changes in flood seasonality and generation processes in six catchments with mixed snowmelt/rainfall regimes under the current climate in Norway. The multi-model/multi-parameter ensemble consists of (i) eight combinations of global and regional climate models, (ii) two methods for adjusting the climate model output to the catchment scale, and (iii) one conceptual hydrological model with 25 calibrated parameter sets. Results indicate that autumn/winter events become more frequent in all catchments considered, which leads to an intensification of the current autumn/winter flood regime for the coastal catchments, a reduction of the dominance of spring/summer flood regimes in a high-mountain catchment, and a possible systematic shift in the current flood regimes from spring/summer to autumn/winter in the two catchments located in northern and south-eastern Norway. The changes in flood regimes result from increasing event magnitudes or frequencies, or a combination of both during autumn and winter. Changes towards more dominant autumn/winter events correspond to an increasing relevance of rainfall as a flood generating process (FGP) which is most pronounced in those catchments with the largest shifts in flood seasonality. Here, rainfall replaces snowmelt as the dominant FGP primarily due to increasing temperature.We further analysed the ensemble components in contributing to overall uncertainty in the projected changes and found that the climate projections and the methods for downscaling or bias correction tend to be the largest contributors. The relative role of hydrological parameter uncertainty, however, is highest for those catchments showing the largest changes in flood seasonality, which confirms the lack of robustness in hydrological model parameterization for simulations under transient hydrometeorological conditions. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-913-2015 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 913 EP - 931 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Petrow, Theresia A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Schröter, Kai A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Müller, Meike T1 - Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 184 EP - 196 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Pech, Ina T1 - Risikovorsorge und Wiederaufbau JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 170 EP - 183 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pech, Ina A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Warnung und Reaktion aus Sicht von Betroffenen JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 138 EP - 142 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Pisi, Sebastian T1 - Vorhersagen und Warnungen im Mai / Juni 2013 JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 132 EP - 137 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Pisi, Sebastian T1 - Entwicklungn der technischen Systeme und der Organisaton in der Warnkette seit 2002 JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 123 EP - 132 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Falter, Daniela A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Zusammenwirken von staatlicher und privater Vorsorge BT - Fallstudie Mulde JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 110 EP - 120 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Pech, Ina A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Risikowahrnehmung, Risikokommunikation und Entwicklung der Eigenversorg von Betroffenen JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 99 EP - 110 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrow, Theresia A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Entwicklunge in der Flächenvorsorge JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 92 EP - 99 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Kai A1 - Hasan, Issa A1 - Falter, Daniela A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Schutz und Entlastung von hochwassergefährdeten Gebieten JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 76 EP - 91 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Konzepte zur Umsetzung von Hochwasservorsorge und Risikomanagement JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 51 EP - 65 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrow, Theresia A1 - Hasan, Issa A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Entwicklungen in der Gesetzgebung zm Hochwasserrisikomanagment JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 47 EP - 51 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Bessel, Tina A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Auswirkungen und Schäden JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 31 EP - 45 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Einleitung JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 13 EP - 17 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Danksagung JF - Das Hochwasser im Juni 2013 : Bewährungsprobe für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement in Deutschland Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-933181-62-6 SP - 11 EP - 11 PB - Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lipke, Katrin A1 - Zitzmann, Max A1 - Amberger, Manuel A1 - Ehlert, Carsten A1 - Rößler, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias T1 - Traveltime residuals at regional and teleseismic distances for SE-Asia N2 - Traveltime residuals for worldwide seismic stations are calculated. We use P and S waves from earthquakes in SE-Asia at teleseismic and regional distances. The obtained station residuals help to enhance earthquake localisation. Furthermore we calculated regional source dependent station residuals. They show a systematic dependence of the locality of the source. These source dependent residuals reflect heterogenities along the path and can be used for a refinement of earthquake localisation. N2 - Laufzeitresiduen für weltweite seismische Stationen werden berechnet. Wir nutzen P - und S-Wellen von Erdbeben in Südostasien in teleseismischen und regionalen Distanzen. Die so erhaltenen Stationsresiduen helfen, die Lokaliesierung von Erdbeben zu verbessern. Außerdem berechnen wir regional quellabhängige Stationsresiduen. Diese zeigen eine systematische Abhänbgigkeit vom Ort der Quelle. Sie spiegeln Heterogenitäten entlang des Strahlweges wieder und können für eine Verfeinerung der Ersbebenlokaliesierung genutzt werden. KW - Seismologie KW - Südostasien KW - Laufzeitresiduen KW - GITEWS KW - Wellengeschwindigkeiten KW - seismology KW - Southeast Asia KW - traveltime KW - residuals KW - GITEWS Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14117 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rößler, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Rümpker, Georg A1 - Psencik, Ivan T1 - Tensile source components of swarm events in West Bohemia in 2000 by considering seismic anisotropy N2 - Earthquake swarms occur frequently in West Bohemia, Central Europe. Their occurrence is correlated with and propably triggered by fluids that escape on the earth's surface near the epicentres. These fluids raise up periodically from a seemingbly deep-seated source in the upper mantle. Moment tensors for swarm events in 1997 indicate tensile faulting. However, they were determined under assumption of seismic isotropy although anisotropy can be observed. Anisotropy may obscure moment tensors and their interpretation. In 2000, more than 10,000 swarm earthquakes occurred near Novy Kostel, West Bohemia. Event triggering by fluid injection is likely. Activity lasted from 28/08 until 31/12/00 (9 phases) with maximum ML=3.2. High quality P-wave seismograms were used to retrieve the source mechanisms for 112 events between 28/08/00 and 30/10/00 using > 20 stations. We determine the source geometry using a new algorithm and different velocity models including anisotropy. From inversions of P waves we observe ML<3.2, strike-slip events on steep N-S oriented faults with additional normal or reverse components. Tensile components seem to be evident for more than 60% of the processed swarm events in West Bohemia during the phases 1-7. Being most significant at great depths and at phases 1-4 during the swarm they are time and location dependent. Although tensile components are reduced when anisotropy is assumed they persist and seem to be important. They can be explained by pore-pressure changes due to the injection of fluids that raise up. Our findings agree with other observations e.g. correlation of fluid transport and seismicity, variations in b-value, forcing rate, and in pore pressure diffusion. Tests of our results show their significance. KW - Seismologie KW - Erbeben KW - Momententensor KW - Anisotropie KW - Vogtland KW - Seismology KW - tensile earthquake KW - moment tensor KW - anisotropy KW - West Bohemia Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12975 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rößler, Dirk A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias T1 - Rupture propagation of the TsE (Mw7.7) on 17 July 2006 off-coast Java N2 - The Mw=7.7 tsunamogenic earthquake (TsE) on 17 July 2006, 08:19:28 shock the Indian Ocean at about 15 km depth off-coast Java, Indonesia. It caused a local tsunami with wave heights exceeding 2 m. The death toll reached several hundred. Thousands of people were displaced. By means of standard array methods, we have investigated the propagation and the extent of the rupture front of the causative earthquake. Waveform similarity is expressed by means of the semblance. We back-propagate the semblance for first-arrival phases recorded at broad-band stations within teleseismic distances (30°-95°). Image enhancement is realised by stacking the semblance of 8 arrays within different epicentral and azimuthal directions. From teleseismic observations we find rupturing of a 200 x 100 km wide area in at least 2 phases with propagation from NW to SE and source duration >125 s. The event has some characteristics of a circular rupture followed by unilateral faulting with change in slip rate. Unusually slow rupturing (≈1.5 km/s) is indicated. Fault area and aftershock distribution coincide. Spatial and temporal resolution are frequency dependent. Studies of a Mw6.0 earthquake on 2006/09/21 and one synthetic source show a ≈1° limit in resolution. Retrieved source area, source duration as well as peak values for semblance and beam power increase with the size of the earthquake making possible an automatic detection and classification of large and small earthquakes. KW - Seismologie KW - Erdbeben KW - Tsunami KW - Indischer Ozean Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12964 ER -