TY - JOUR A1 - Mirskova, Anna N. A1 - Adamovich, Sergey N. A1 - Mirskov, Rudolf G. A1 - Schilde, Uwe T1 - Reaction of pharmacological active tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate with ZnCl2 or NiCl2: first conversion of a protic ionic liquid into metallated ionic liquid JF - CHEMISTRY CENTRAL JOURNAL N2 - The reaction of pharmacological active protic ionic liquid tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate H+N(CH2CH2OH)(3) center dot (-OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4) (1) with zinc or nickel chloride in a ratio of 2:1 affords stable at room temperature powder-like adducts [H+N(CH2CH2OH)(3)](2) center dot [M(OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4)(2)Cl-2](2-), M = Zn (2), Ni (3). By recrystallization from aqueous alcohol compound 2 unexpectedly gives Zn(OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4)(2) center dot 2H(2)O (4). Unlike 2, compound 3 gives crystals [N(CH2CH2OH)(3)](2)Ni2+ center dot [-OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4](2) (5), which have a structure of metallated ionic liquid. The structure of 5 has been proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. It is the first example of the conversion of a protic ionic liquid into potentially biological active metallated ionic liquid (1 -> 3 -> 5). Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-34 SN - 1752-153X VL - 7 PB - BIOMED CENTRAL LTD CY - LONDON ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dahl, Jan-Ulrik A1 - Radon, Christin A1 - Bühning, Martin A1 - Nimtz, Manfred A1 - Leichert, Lars I. A1 - Denis, Yann A1 - Jourlin-Castelli, Cecile A1 - Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal A1 - Mejean, Vincent A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The Sulfur Carrier Protein TusA Has a Pleiotropic Role in Escherichia coli That Also Affects Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis JF - JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY N2 - The Escherichia coli L-cysteine desulfurase IscS mobilizes sulfur from L-cysteine for the synthesis of several biomolecules such as iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters, molybdopterin, thiamin, lipoic acid, biotin, and the thiolation of tRNAs. The sulfur transfer from IscS to various biomolecules is mediated by different interaction partners (e.g. TusA for thiomodification of tRNAs, IscU for FeS cluster biogenesis, and ThiI for thiamine biosynthesis/tRNA thiolation), which bind at different sites of IscS. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies of a Delta tusA strain showed that the expression of genes of the moaABCDE operon coding for proteins involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis is increased under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Additionally, under anaerobic conditions the expression of genes encoding hydrogenase 3 and several molybdoenzymes such as nitrate reductase were also increased. On the contrary, the activity of all molydoenzymes analyzed was significantly reduced in the Delta tusA mutant. Characterization of the Delta tusA strain under aerobic conditions showed an overall low molybdopterin content and an accumulation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate. Under anaerobic conditions the activity of nitrate reductase was reduced by only 50%, showing that TusA is not essential for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. We present a model in which we propose that the direction of sulfur transfer for each sulfur-containing biomolecule is regulated by the availability of the interaction partner of IscS. We propose that in the absence of TusA, more IscS is available for FeS cluster biosynthesis and that the overproduction of FeS clusters leads to a modified expression of several genes. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.431569 SN - 0021-9258 VL - 288 IS - 8 SP - 5426 EP - 5442 PB - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC CY - BETHESDA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Inal, Sahika A1 - Koelsch, Jonas D. A1 - Chiappisi, Leonardo A1 - Kraft, Mario A1 - Gutacker, Andrea A1 - Janietz, Dietmar A1 - Scherf, Ullrich A1 - Gradzielski, Michael A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Temperature-Regulated Fluorescence Characteristics of Supramolecular Assemblies Formed By a Smart Polymer and a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte JF - MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS N2 - Aqueous mixtures of a coumarin-labeled non-ionic thermoresponsive copolymer and a cationic polythiophene exhibit marked changes in their fluorescence properties upon heating. At room temperature, emission from the label is significantly quenched due to energy transfer to the conjugated polyelectrolyte. Heating the mixture reduces the energy-transfer efficiency markedly, resulting in a clearly visible change of the emission color. Although the two macromolecules associate strongly at room temperature, the number of interacting sites is largely reduced upon the phase transition. Crucially, the intermolecular association does not suppress the responsiveness of the smart polymer, meaning that this concept should be applicable to chemo- or bioresponsive polymers with optical read-out, for example, as a sensor device. KW - aqueous solutions KW - conjugated polyelectrolytes KW - fluorescence (or Forster) KW - resonance energy transfer KW - phase transitions KW - thermoresponsive polymers Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201200493 SN - 1022-1352 VL - 214 IS - 4 SP - 435 EP - 445 PB - WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH CY - WEINHEIM ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, M. A1 - Kofod, G. A1 - Krastev, R. A1 - Stoeckle, S. A1 - Abel, M. W. T1 - Exponentially Fast Thinning of Nanoscale Films by Turbulent Mixing JF - PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS N2 - Films are nanoscopic elements of foams, emulsions, and suspensions that form a paradigm for nanochannel transport that eventually tests the limits of hydrodynamic descriptions. Here, we study the collapse of a freestanding film to its equilibrium. The generation of nanoscale films usually is a slow linear process; using thermal forcing we find unprecedented dynamics with exponentially fast thinning. The complex interplay of thermal convection, interface, and gravitational forces yields optimal turbulent mixing and transport. Domains of collapsed film are generated, elongated, and convected in a beautiful display of chaotic mixing. With a time scale analysis, we identify mixing as the dominant dynamical process responsible for exponential thinning. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.094501 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.094501 SN - 0031-9007 VL - 110 IS - 9 PB - AMER PHYSICAL SOC CY - COLLEGE PK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schick, Daniel A1 - Bojahr, Andre A1 - Herzog, Marc A1 - Gaal, P. A1 - Vrejoiu, I. A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Following Strain-Induced Mosaicity Changes of Ferroelectric Thin Films by Ultrafast Reciprocal Space Mapping JF - Physical review letters N2 - We investigate coherent phonon propagation in a thin film of ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) by ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments, which are analyzed as time-resolved reciprocal space mapping in order to observe the in-and out-of-plane structural dynamics, simultaneously. The mosaic structure of the PZT leads to a coupling of the excited out-of-plane expansion to in-plane lattice dynamics on a picosecond time scale, which is not observed for out-of-plane compression. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.095502 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 110 IS - 9 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Anomalous statistics of random relaxations in random environments JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We comprehensively analyze the emergence of anomalous statistics in the context of the random relaxation ( RARE) model [Eliazar and Metzler, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 234106 ( 2012)], a recently introduced versatile model of random relaxations in random environments. The RARE model considers excitations scattered randomly across a metric space around a reaction center. The excitations react randomly with the center, the reaction rates depending on the excitations' distances from this center. Relaxation occurs upon the first reaction between an excitation and the center. Addressing both the relaxation time and the relaxation range, we explore when these random variables display anomalous statistics, namely, heavy tails at zero and at infinity that manifest, respectively, exceptionally high occurrence probabilities of very small and very large outliers. A cohesive set of closed-form analytic results is established, determining precisely when such anomalous statistics emerge. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.022141 SN - 1539-3755 SN - 1550-2376 VL - 87 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feudel, Fred A1 - Seehafer, Norbert A1 - Tuckerman, Laurette S. A1 - Gellert, Marcus T1 - Multistability in rotating spherical shell convection JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The multiplicity of stable convection patterns in a rotating spherical fluid shell heated from the inner boundary and driven by a central gravity field is presented. These solution branches that arise as rotating waves (RWs) are traced for varying Rayleigh number while their symmetry, stability, and bifurcations are studied. At increased Rayleigh numbers all the RWs undergo transitions to modulated rotating waves (MRWs) which are classified by their spatiotemporal symmetry. The generation of a third frequency for some of the MRWs is accompanied by a further loss of symmetry. Eventually a variety of MRWs, three-frequency solutions, and chaotic saddles and attractors control the dynamics for higher Rayleigh numbers. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.023021 SN - 1539-3755 VL - 87 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lin, Yue A1 - Berger, Uta A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Huth, Franka A1 - Weiner, Jacob T1 - Plant interactions alter the predictions of metabolic scaling theory JF - PLoS one N2 - Metabolic scaling theory (MST) is an attempt to link physiological processes of individual organisms with macroecology. It predicts a power law relationship with an exponent of -4/3 between mean individual biomass and density during density-dependent mortality (self-thinning). Empirical tests have produced variable results, and the validity of MST is intensely debated. MST focuses on organisms' internal physiological mechanisms but we hypothesize that ecological interactions can be more important in determining plant mass-density relationships induced by density. We employ an individual-based model of plant stand development that includes three elements: a model of individual plant growth based on MST, different modes of local competition (size-symmetric vs. -asymmetric), and different resource levels. Our model is consistent with the observed variation in the slopes of self-thinning trajectories. Slopes were significantly shallower than -4/3 if competition was size-symmetric. We conclude that when the size of survivors is influenced by strong ecological interactions, these can override predictions of MST, whereas when surviving plants are less affected by interactions, individual-level metabolic processes can scale up to the population level. MST, like thermodynamics or biomechanics, sets limits within which organisms can live and function, but there may be stronger limits determined by ecological interactions. In such cases MST will not be predictive. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057612 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 2 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Barbara A1 - Sommer, Ulrich A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - High predictability of spring phytoplankton biomass in mesocosms at the species, functional group and community level JF - Freshwater biology N2 - 1. Models aim to predict phytoplankton dynamics based on observed initial conditions and a set of equations and parameters. However, our knowledge about initial conditions in nature is never perfect. Thus, if phytoplankton dynamics are sensitive to small variations in initial conditions, they are difficult to predict. 2. We used time-series data from indoor mesocosm experiments with natural phyto- and zooplankton communities to quantify the extent to which small initial differences in the species, functional group and community biomass in parallel treatments were amplified or buffered over time. We compared the differences in dynamics between replicates and among all mesocosms of 1year. 3. Temperature-sensitive grazing during the exponential growth phase of phytoplankton caused divergence. In contrast, negative density dependence caused convergence. 4. Mean differences in biomass between replicates were similar for all hierarchical levels. This indicates that differences in their initial conditions were amplified to the same extent. Even though large differences in biomass occasionally occurred between replicates for a short time, dynamics returned to the same path at all hierarchical levels. This suggests that internal feedback mechanisms make the spring development of phytoplankton highly predictable. KW - divergence KW - hierarchical level KW - mesocosms KW - predictability KW - replicates Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02780.x SN - 0046-5070 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 588 EP - 596 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakharova, A. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Koseska, Aneta T1 - Dimensionality reduction of bistable biological systems JF - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology N2 - Time hierarchies, arising as a result of interactions between system's components, represent a ubiquitous property of dynamical biological systems. In addition, biological systems have been attributed switch-like properties modulating the response to various stimuli across different organisms and environmental conditions. Therefore, establishing the interplay between these features of system dynamics renders itself a challenging question of practical interest in biology. Existing methods are suitable for systems with one stable steady state employed as a well-defined reference. In such systems, the characterization of the time hierarchies has already been used for determining the components that contribute to the dynamics of biological systems. However, the application of these methods to bistable nonlinear systems is impeded due to their inherent dependence on the reference state, which in this case is no longer unique. Here, we extend the applicability of the reference-state analysis by proposing, analyzing, and applying a novel method, which allows investigation of the time hierarchies in systems exhibiting bistability. The proposed method is in turn used in identifying the components, other than reactions, which determine the systemic dynamical properties. We demonstrate that in biological systems of varying levels of complexity and spanning different biological levels, the method can be effectively employed for model simplification while ensuring preservation of qualitative dynamical properties (i.e., bistability). Finally, by establishing a connection between techniques from nonlinear dynamics and multivariate statistics, the proposed approach provides the basis for extending reference-based analysis to bistable systems. KW - Bistability KW - Time-scales hierarchy KW - Similarity transformation KW - Canonical correlation analysis KW - Dimensionality reduction Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-013-9807-8 SN - 0092-8240 VL - 75 IS - 3 SP - 373 EP - 392 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Sun, W. A1 - Evans, C. J. A1 - Henault-Brunet, V. A1 - Chu, Y.-H. A1 - Gallagher, J. S. A1 - Guerrero, Martín A. A1 - Gruendl, R. A. A1 - Güdel, M. A1 - Silich, S. A1 - Chen, Y. A1 - Naze, Y. A1 - Hainich, Rainer A1 - Reyes-Iturbide, J. T1 - Discovery of x-ray emission from young suns in the small magellanic cloud JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We report the discovery of extended X-ray emission within the young star cluster NGC 602a in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) based on observations obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. X-ray emission is detected from the cluster core area with the highest stellar density and from a dusty ridge surrounding the H II region. We use a census of massive stars in the cluster to demonstrate that a cluster wind or wind-blown bubble is unlikely to provide a significant contribution to the X-ray emission detected from the central area of the cluster. We therefore suggest that X-ray emission at the cluster core originates from an ensemble of low-and solar-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, each of which would be too weak in X-rays to be detected individually. We attribute the X-ray emission from the dusty ridge to the embedded tight cluster of the newborn stars known in this area from infrared studies. Assuming that the levels of X-ray activity in young stars in the low-metallicity environment of NGC 602a are comparable to their Galactic counterparts, then the detected spatial distribution, spectral properties, and level of X-ray emission are largely consistent with those expected from low-and solar-mass PMS stars and young stellar objects (YSOs). This is the first discovery of X-ray emission attributable to PMS stars and YSOs in the SMC, which suggests that the accretion and dynamo processes in young, low-mass objects in the SMC resemble those in the Galaxy. KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - ISM: bubbles KW - H II regions KW - stars: winds, outflows KW - stars: pre-main sequence KW - X-rays: stars Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/73 SN - 0004-637X VL - 765 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kroll, Alexander T1 - The other type of performance information - nonroutine feedback, its relevance and use JF - Public administration review N2 - The literature on performance information use explains how public managers deal with mainly quantitative data that are systematically collected and formally reported. This article argues that such a narrow understanding is incomplete, as it excludes all kinds of nonroutine performance information, including verbal, ad hoc, and qualitative feedback. To understand how responsive public managers are to performance feedback, alternative sources of performance information need to be taken into account. A literature review suggests considering two important sources of nonroutine feedback: organizational insiders and relevant external stakeholders. Using survey data from German local government, this article shows that public managers prefer to use nonroutine feedback over routine data from performance reports. Furthermore, a regression analysis indicates that different sources of performance information require different determinants to trigger their use. This finding is essential because it suggests that explanations of performance information use can covary with the information source studied. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02648.x SN - 0033-3352 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 265 EP - 276 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Speck, Janina A1 - Räuber, Christina A1 - Kükenshöner, Tim A1 - Niemöller, Christoph A1 - Mueller, Katelyn J. A1 - Schleberger, Paula A1 - Dondapati, Padmarupa A1 - Hecky, Jochen A1 - Arndt, Katja Maren A1 - Müller, Kristian M. T1 - TAT hitchhiker selection expanded to folding helpers, multimeric interactions and combinations with protein fragment complementation JF - Protein engineering design & selection N2 - The twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane mediates translocation only of proteins that accomplished a native-like conformation. We deploy this feature in modular selection systems for directed evolution, in which folding helpers as well as dimeric or oligomeric proteinprotein interactions enable TAT-dependent translocation of the resistance marker TEM -lactamase (L). Specifically, we demonstrate and analyze selection of (i) enhancers for folding by direct TAT translocation selection of a target protein interposed between the TorA signal sequence and L, (ii) dimeric or oligomeric proteinprotein interactions by hitchhiker translocation (HiT) selection of proteins fused to the TorA signal sequence and to the L, respectively and (iii) heterotrimeric proteinprotein interactions by combining HiT with protein fragment complementation selection of proteins fused to two split L fragments and TorA, respectively. The lactamase fragments were additionally engineered for improved activity and stability. Applicability was benchmarked with interaction partners of known affinity and multimerization whereby cellular fitness correlated well with biophysical protein properties. Ultimately, the HiT selection was employed to identify peptides, which specifically bind to leukemia- and melanoma-relevant target proteins (MITF and ETO) by coiled-coil or tetra-helix-bundle formation with high affinity. The various versions of TAT selection led to inhibiting peptides (iPEPs) of disease-promoting interactions and enabled so far difficult to achieve selections. KW - HiT selection KW - NHR2 KW - TAT selection KW - three hybrid KW - two hybrid Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzs098 SN - 1741-0126 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 225 EP - 242 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, H. A1 - Seiß, Martin A1 - Spahn, Frank T1 - Vertical relaxation of a moonlet propeller in Saturn's a ring JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters N2 - Two images, taken by the Cassini spacecraft near Saturn's equinox in 2009 August, show the Earhart propeller casting a 350 km long shadow, offering the opportunity to watch how the ring height, excited by the propeller moonlet, relaxes to an equilibrium state. From the shape of the shadow cast and a model of the azimuthal propeller height relaxation, we determine the exponential cooling constant of this process to be lambda = 0.07 +/- 0.02 km(-1), and thereby determine the collision frequency of the ring particles in the vertically excited region of the propeller to be omega(c)/Omega = 0.9 +/- 0.2. KW - planets and satellites: individual (Saturn) KW - planets and satellites: rings Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L4 SN - 2041-8205 VL - 765 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linklater, Wayne L. A1 - Mayer, Katharina A1 - Swaisgood, Ronald R. T1 - Chemical signals of age, sex and identity in black rhinoceros JF - Animal behaviour N2 - Olfactory communication may be particularly important to black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, because they are solitary living and have comparatively poor eyesight but their populations are structured by inter-and intrasexual relationships. Understanding olfactory functions and processes might achieve better conservation management but their study in rhinoceros remains anecdotal or descriptive. Experimental approaches are required but rarely possible as rhinoceros are difficult to observe and manipulate. We measured the olfactory investigation behaviour (duration and frequency of sniffing) of black rhinoceros in four experiments designed to determine the function of chemosignals in dung and urine. A habituationedishabituation trial demonstrated that black rhinoceros discriminated individually distinctive odours from faecal signals (experiment 1). When adults (>6 years old) were presented with dung from conspecifics of different sex and age classes (adult, and subadult from 2 to 4 years old), male dung was investigated more by both sexes, and females investigated subadult dung more (experiment 2). Both dung and urine from the same adult donors were investigated by both sexes, but male dung was investigated more than female dung and female urine more than male urine, although differences were statistically weak (experiment 3). Lastly, fresh faecal samples and those aged 1, 2, 4, 16 and 32 days were similarly investigated, indicating that they still function as olfactory signals. Together the results indicate that dung or urine signalled age, sex and identity to conspecifics and signals may persist as dung decays. Chemosignals are likely to be important to the social and spatial organization of black rhinoceros. KW - black rhinoceros KW - Diceros bicornis var. minor KW - dung KW - faeces KW - hook-lipped rhinoceros KW - individual discrimination KW - olfactory communication KW - signal KW - urine Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.034 SN - 0003-3472 VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 671 EP - 677 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Hohenstein, Sven A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - McDonald, Scott A. T1 - How preview space/time translates into preview cost/benefit for fixation durations during reading JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Eye-movement control during reading depends on foveal and parafoveal information. If the parafoveal preview of the next word is suppressed, reading is less efficient. A linear mixed model (LMM) reanalysis of McDonald (2006) confirmed his observation that preview benefit may be limited to parafoveal words that have been selected as the saccade target. Going beyond the original analyses, in the same LMM, we examined how the preview effect (i.e., the difference in single-fixation duration, SFD, between random-letter and identical preview) depends on the gaze duration on the pretarget word and on the amplitude of the saccade moving the eye onto the target word. There were two key results: (a) The shorter the saccade amplitude (i.e., the larger preview space), the shorter a subsequent SFD with an identical preview; this association was not observed with a random-letter preview. (b) However, the longer the gaze duration on the pretarget word, the longer the subsequent SFD on the target, with the difference between random-letter string and identical previews increasing with preview time. A third patternincreasing cost of a random-letter string in the parafovea associated with shorter saccade amplitudeswas observed for target gaze durations. Thus, LMMs revealed that preview effects, which are typically summarized under preview benefit, are a complex mixture of preview cost and preview benefit and vary with preview space and preview time. The consequence for reading is that parafoveal preview may not only facilitate, but also interfere with lexical access. KW - Eye movements KW - Reading KW - Preview effects KW - Linear mixed model KW - Boundary paradigm Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.658073 SN - 1747-0218 SN - 1747-0226 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 581 EP - 600 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wotschack, Christiane A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Reading strategy modulates parafoveal-on-foveal effects in sentence reading JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Task demands and individual differences have been linked reliably to word skipping during reading. Such differences in fixation probability may imply a selection effect for multivariate analyses of eye-movement corpora if selection effects correlate with word properties of skipped words. For example, with fewer fixations on short and highly frequent words the power to detect parafoveal-on-foveal effects is reduced. We demonstrate that increasing the fixation probability on function words with a manipulation of the expected difficulty and frequency of questions reduces an age difference in skipping probability (i.e., old adults become comparable to young adults) and helps to uncover significant parafoveal-on-foveal effects in this group of old adults. We discuss implications for the comparison of results of eye-movement research based on multivariate analysis of corpus data with those from display-contingent manipulations of target words. KW - Fixational selectivity KW - Parafoveal-on-foveal effects KW - Reading strategy KW - Distributed processing KW - Eye movements in reading Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.625094 SN - 1747-0218 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 548 EP - 562 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghahghaei, Saeideh A1 - Linnell, Karina J. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Dubey, Amit A1 - Davis, Robert T1 - Effects of load on the time course of attentional engagement, disengagement, and orienting in reading JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - We examined how the frequency of the fixated word influences the spatiotemporal distribution of covert attention during reading. Participants discriminated gaze-contingent probes that occurred with different spatial and temporal offsets from randomly chosen fixation points during reading. We found that attention was initially focused at fixation and that subsequent defocusing was slower when the fixated word was lower in frequency. Later in a fixation, attention oriented more towards the next saccadic target for high- than for low-frequency words. These results constitute the first report of the time course of the effect of load on attentional engagement and orienting in reading. They are discussed in the context of serial and parallel models of reading. KW - Attention KW - Load KW - Reading KW - Time course KW - Word frequency KW - Engagement KW - Disengagement KW - Orienting Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.635795 SN - 1747-0218 VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 453 EP - 470 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA N2 - Muehlbauer, T, Gollhofer, A, and Granacher, U. Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 582-589, 2013-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power. Twenty-seven young healthy adults (mean age: 23 6 4 years) performed measurements of static (unperturbed)/dynamic (perturbed) balance, isometric strength (i.e., maximal isometric torque [MIT]; rate of torque development [RTD] of the plantar flexor), and power (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height and power). No significant associations were found between variables of static and dynamic balance (r = -0.090 to + 0.329, p > 0.05) and between measures of static/dynamic balance and isometric strength (r = +0.041 to +0.387, p > 0.05) and static/dynamic balance and power (r = -0.076 to + 0.218, p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations (r) were detected between variables of power and isometric strength ranging from +0.458 to +0.689 (p, 0.05). Furthermore, simple regression analyses revealed that a 10% increase in mean CMJ height (4.1 cm) was associated with 22.9 N.m and 128.4 N.m.s(-1) better MIT and RTD, respectively. The nonsignificant correlation between static and dynamic balance measures and between static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power variables implies that these capacities may be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily. KW - static/dynamic postural control KW - maximal isometric torque KW - rate of torque development KW - jump height/power Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/JSC.0b013e31825c2bab SN - 1064-8011 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 582 EP - 589 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Dania A1 - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris A1 - Hartmann, Niklas K. A1 - Matuschka, Franz-Rainer T1 - Spatial stratification of various Lyme disease spirochetes in a Central European site JF - FEMS microbiology ecology N2 - To determine whether the genospecies composition of Lyme disease spirochetes is spatially stratified, we collected questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in neighboring plots where rodents, birds, and lizards were present as reservoir host and compared the prevalence of various genospecies. The overall prevalence of spirochetes in questing ticks varied across the study site. Borrelia lusitaniae appeared to infect adult ticks in one plot at the same frequency as did Borrelia afzelii in the other plots. The relative density of questing nymphal and adult ticks varied profoundly. Where lizards were exceedingly abundant, these vertebrates seemed to constitute the dominant host for nymphal ticks, contributing the majority of infected adult ticks. Because lizards support solely B.lusitaniae and appear to exclude other genospecies, their narrow genospecies association results in predominance of B.lusitaniae in sites where lizards are abundant, while limiting its spread to the host's habitat range. To the extent that Central European B.lusitaniae strains are nonpathogenic, the presence of numerous lizards should locally decrease risk of infection for people. Evaluation of regional risk of infection by Lyme disease spirochetes should take the spatial effect of hosts into consideration, which stratify the distribution of specifically infected ticks on a small scale. KW - Lyme disease KW - Borrelia lusitaniae KW - Borrelia afzelii KW - stratification KW - lizard KW - zooprophylaxis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12029 SN - 0168-6496 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 738 EP - 744 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eigemann, Falk A1 - Hilt, Sabine A1 - Salka, Ivette A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Bacterial community composition associated with freshwater algae species specificity vs. dependency on environmental conditions and source community JF - FEMS microbiology ecology N2 - We studied bacterial associations with the green alga Desmodesmus armatus and the diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus under changing environmental conditions and bacterial source communities, to evaluate whether bacteriaalgae associations are species-specific or more generalized and determined by external factors. Axenic and xenic algae were incubated in situ with and without allelopathically active macrophytes, and in the laboratory with sterile and nonsterile lake water and an allelochemical, tannic acid (TA). Bacterial community composition (BCC) of algae-associated bacteria was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), nonmetric multidimensional scaling, cluster analyses, and sequencing of DGGE bands. BCC of xenic algal cultures of both species were not significantly affected by changes in their environment or bacterial source community, except in the case of TA additions. Species-specific interactions therefore appear to overrule the effects of environmental conditions and source communities. The BCC of xenic and axenic D.armatus cultures subjected to in situ bacterial colonization, however, had lower similarities (ca.55%), indicating that bacterial precolonization is a strong factor for bacteriaalgae associations irrespective of environmental conditions and source community. Our findings emphasize the ecological importance of species-specific bacteriaalgae associations with important repercussions for other processes, such as the remineralization of nutrients, and organic matter dynamics. KW - allelopathy KW - bacteriaalgae associations KW - heterotrophic bacteria KW - species-specific Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12022 SN - 0168-6496 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 650 EP - 663 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Espe, Katharina M. A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Blouin, Katja A1 - Schneider, Andreas A1 - Schmiedeke, Daniel A1 - Krane, Vera A1 - Pilz, Stefan A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Drechsler, Christiane T1 - Low plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and adverse clinical outcomes in diabetic hemodialysis patients JF - Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology N2 - Background and objectives Trials with the antioxidant vitamin E have failed to show benefit in the general population. Considering the different causes of death in ESRD, this study investigated the association between plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and specific clinical outcomes in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Design, settings, participants, & measurements In 1046 diabetic hemodialysis patients (participants of the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study), alpha-tocopherol was measured in plasma by reversed-phase HPLC. By Cox regression analyses, hazard ratios were determined for prespecified end points according to baseline plasma alpha-tocopherol levels: sudden death (n=134), myocardial infarction (n=172), stroke (n=89), combined cardiovascular events (n=398), fatal infection (n=107), and all-cause mortality (n=508). Results Patients had a mean age of 66 8 years, and mean plasma alpha-tocopherol level was 22.8+/-9.6 mu mol/L. Levels of alpha-tocopherol were highly correlated to triglycerides (r=0.63, P<0.001). Patients in the lowest alpha-tocopherol quartile had (in unadjusted analyses) a 79% higher risk of stroke and a 31% higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with patients in the highest quartile. The associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio(stroke)=1.56, 95% confidence interval=0.75-3.25; hazard ratio(mortality)=1.22, 95% confidence interval=0.89-1.69, respectively). There was no association between alpha-tocopherol and myocardial infarction, sudden death, or infectious death. Conclusions Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were not independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes, infectious deaths, or all-cause mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. The lack of association can partly be explained by a confounding influence of malnutrition, which should be considered in the planning of trials to reduce cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.04880511 SN - 1555-9041 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 452 EP - 458 PB - American Society of Nephrology CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hass, Roland A1 - Münzberg, Marvin A1 - Bressel, Lena A1 - Reich, Oliver T1 - Industrial applications of photon density wave spectroscopy for in-line particle sizing [Invited] JF - Applied optics N2 - Optical spectroscopy in highly turbid liquid material is often restricted by simultaneous occurrence of absorption and scattering of light. Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy is one of the very few, yet widely unknown, technologies for the independent quantification of these two optical processes. Here, a concise overview about modern PDW spectroscopy is given, including all necessary equations concerning the optical description of the investigated material, dependent light scattering, particle sizing, and PDW spectroscopy itself. Additionally, it is shown how the ambiguity in particle sizing, arising from Mie theory, can be correctly solved. Due to its high temporal resolution, its applicability to highest particle concentrations, and its purely fiber-optical probe, PDW spectroscopy possesses all fundamental characteristics for optical in-line process analysis. Several application examples from the chemical industry are presented. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.001423 SN - 1559-128X SN - 2155-3165 VL - 52 IS - 7 SP - 1423 EP - 1431 PB - Optical Society of America CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinzen, Klaus-G A1 - Reamer, Sharon K. A1 - Scherbaum, Frank T1 - Slow fourier transform JF - Seismological research letters Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120139 SN - 0895-0695 VL - 84 IS - 2 SP - 251 EP - 257 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Baer-Henney, Dinah T1 - On the role of phonetic motivation and frequency in the acquisition of alternations JF - Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik N2 - On the Role of Phonetic Motivation and Frequency in the Acquisition of Alternations German nouns may alternate in two ways: a final word-final voiceless obstruent in the singular may correspond to a voiced one in the plural and a back vowel in the singular may correspond to a front one in the plural. We investigate the role of phonetic motivation and frequency in the acquisition of these alternations. The voicing alternation has a phonetic motivation, but the vowel alternation does not. On the basis of two corpus studies, we conclude that both alternations occur with equal frequency in the ambient language. In two production experiments, one with 5-year-olds and one with adults, we asked both populations to form plurals for given singular words and nonces. The children produce more voicing alternations in nonces than adults and fewer vowel alternations than adults. We conclude that children rely more on phonetic motivation than adults. Y1 - 2013 SN - 0049-8653 VL - 43 IS - 169 SP - 49 EP - 64 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Alexander A1 - Schinn, Dustin S. A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - Zimmermann, Beate T1 - Uncovering patterns of near-surface saturated hydraulic conductivity in an overland flow-controlled landscape JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) is an important soil characteristic affecting soil water storage, runoff generation and erosion processes. In some areas where high-intensity rainfall coincides with low K-s values at shallow soil depths, frequent overland flow entails dense drainage networks. Consequently, linear structures such as flowlines alternate with inter-flowline areas. So far, investigations of the spatial variability of K-s mainly relied on isotropic covariance models which are unsuitable to reveal patterns resulting from linear structures. In the present study, we applied two sampling approaches so as to adequately characterize K-s spatial variability in a tropical forest catchment that features a high density of flowlines: A classical nested sampling survey and a purposive sampling strategy adapted to the presence of flowlines. The nested sampling approach revealed the dominance of small-scale variability, which is in line with previous findings. Our purposive sampling, however, detected a strong spatial gradient: surface K-s increased substantially as a function of distance to flowline; 10 m off flowlines, values were similar to the spatial mean of K-s. This deterministic trend can be included as a fixed effect in a linear mixed modeling framework to obtain realistic spatial fields of K-s. In a next step we used probability maps based on those fields and prevailing rainfall intensities to assess the hydrological relevance of the detected pattern. This approach suggests a particularly good agreement between the probability statements of K-s exceedance and observed overland flow occurrence during wet stages of the rainy season. KW - Soil hydrology KW - Saturated hydraulic conductivity KW - Overland flow generation KW - Spatial patterns KW - Drainage network Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.002 SN - 0016-7061 VL - 195 IS - 169 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - Habitat loss and fragmentation affecting mammal and bird communities-The role of interspecific competition and individual space use JF - Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog N2 - Fragmentation and loss of habitat are major threats to animal communities and are therefore important to conservation. Due to the complexity of the interplay of spatial effects and community processes, our mechanistic understanding of how communities respond to such landscape changes is still poor. Modelling studies have mostly focused on elucidating the principles of community response to fragmentation and habitat loss at relatively large spatial and temporal scales relevant to metacommunity dynamics. Yet, it has been shown that also small scale processes, like foraging behaviour, space use by individuals and local resource competition are also important factors. However, most studies that consider these smaller scales are designed for single species and are characterized by high model complexity. Hence, they are not easily applicable to ecological communities of interacting individuals. To fill this gap, we apply an allometric model of individual home range formation to investigate the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on mammal and bird communities, and, in this context, to investigate the role of interspecific competition and individual space use. Results show a similar response of both taxa to habitat loss. Community composition is shifted towards higher frequency of relatively small animals. The exponent and the 95%-quantile of the individual size distribution (ISD, described as a power law distribution) of the emerging communities show threshold behaviour with decreasing habitat area. Fragmentation per se has a similar and strong effect on mammals, but not on birds. The ISDs of bird communities were insensitive to fragmentation at the small scales considered here. These patterns can be explained by competitive release taking place in interacting animal communities, with the exception of bird's buffering response to fragmentation, presumably by adjusting the size of their home ranges. These results reflect consequences of higher mobility of birds compared to mammals of the same size and the importance of considering competitive interaction, particularly for mammal communities, in response to landscape fragmentation. Our allometric approach enables scaling up from individual physiology and foraging behaviour to terrestrial communities, and disentangling the role of individual space use and interspecific competition in controlling the response of mammal and bird communities to landscape changes. KW - Allometry KW - Body size KW - Fractal landscapes KW - Foraging movement KW - Individual-based model KW - Locomotion costs Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.11.015 SN - 1574-9541 VL - 14 SP - 90 EP - 98 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiertscher, Simon A1 - Zinke, Jörg A1 - Schnor, Bettina T1 - CHERUB power consumption aware cluster resource management JF - Cluster computing : the journal of networks, software tools and applications N2 - This paper presents an evaluation of ACPI energy saving modes, and deduces the design and implementation of an energy saving daemon for clusters called cherub. The design of the cherub daemon is modular and extensible. Since the only requirement is a central approach for resource management, cherub is suited for Server Load Balancing (SLB) clusters managed by dispatchers like Linux Virtual Server (LVS), as well as for High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters. Our experimental results show that cherub's scheduling algorithm works well, i.e. it will save energy, if possible, and avoids state-flapping. KW - Green computing KW - Cluster computing Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-011-0176-5 SN - 1386-7857 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 63 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, J. A1 - Pohl, Martin T1 - The average GeV-band emission from gamma-ray bursts JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Aims. We analyze the emission in the 0.3-30 GeV energy range of gamma-ray bursts detected with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We concentrate on bursts that were previously only detected with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor in the keV energy range. These bursts will then be compared to the bursts that were individually detected with the Large Area Telescope at higher energies. Methods. To estimate the emission of faint GRBs we used nonstandard analysis methods and sum over many GRBs to find an average signal that is significantly above background level. We used a subsample of 99 GRBs listed in the Burst Catalog from the first two years of observation. Results. Although most are not individually detectable, the bursts not detected by the Large Area Telescope on average emit a significant flux in the energy range from 0.3 GeV to 30 GeV, but their cumulative energy fluence is only 8% of that of all GRBs. Likewise, the GeV-to-MeV flux ratio is less and the GeV-band spectra are softer. We confirm that the GeV-band emission lasts much longer than the emission found in the keV energy range. The average allsky energy flux from GRBs in the GeV band is 6.4 x 10(-4) erg cm(-2) yr(-1) or only similar to 4% of the energy flux of cosmic rays above the ankle at 10(18.6) eV. KW - methods: statistical KW - surveys KW - gamma-ray burst: general Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220652 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 551 IS - 1 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hubrig, Swetlana A1 - Schoeller, M. A1 - Ilyin, Ilya A1 - Kharchenko, N. V. A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Langer, N. A1 - Gonzalez, J. F. A1 - Kholtygin, A. F. A1 - Briquet, Maryline T1 - Exploring the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars - II. New magnetic field measurements in cluster and field stars JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. Theories on the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars remain poorly developed, because the properties of their magnetic field as function of stellar parameters could not yet be investigated. Additional observations are of utmost importance to constrain the conditions that are conducive to magnetic fields and to determine first trends about their occurrence rate and field strength distribution. Aims. To investigate whether magnetic fields in massive stars are ubiquitous or appear only in stars with a specific spectral classification, certain ages, or in a special environment, we acquired 67 new spectropolarimetric observations for 30 massive stars. Among the observed sample, roughly one third of the stars are probable members of clusters at different ages, whereas the remaining stars are field stars not known to belong to any cluster or association. Methods. Spectropolarimetric observations were obtained during four different nights using the low-resolution spectropolarimetric mode of FOcal Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS 2) mounted on the 8-m Antu telescope of the VLT. Furthermore, we present a number of follow-up observations carried out with the high-resolution spectropolarimeters SOFIN mounted at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and HARPS mounted at the ESO 3.6 m between 2008 and 2011. To assess the membership in open clusters and associations, we used astrometric catalogues with the highest quality kinematic and photometric data currently available. Results. The presence of a magnetic field is confirmed in nine stars previously observed with FORS 1/2: HD36879, HD47839, CPD-28 2561, CPD-47 2963, HD93843, HD148937, HD149757, HD328856, and HD164794. New magnetic field detections at a significance level of at least 3 sigma were achieved in five stars: HD92206c, HD93521, HD93632, CPD-46 8221, and HD157857. Among the stars with a detected magnetic field, five stars belong to open clusters with high membership probability. According to previous kinematic studies, five magnetic O-type stars in our sample are candidate runaway stars. KW - polarization KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: kinematics and dynamics KW - stars: magnetic field KW - stars: massive KW - open clusters and associations: general Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220721 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 551 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramowski, Attila A1 - Acero, F. A1 - Aharonian, Felix A. A1 - Akhperjanian, A. G. A1 - Anton, Gisela A1 - Balenderan, Shangkari A1 - Balzer, Arnim A1 - Barnacka, Anna A1 - Becherini, Yvonne A1 - Tjus, J. Becker A1 - Bernlöhr, K. A1 - Birsin, E. A1 - Biteau, Jonathan A1 - Bochow, A. A1 - Boisson, Catherine A1 - Bolmont, J. A1 - Bordas, Pol A1 - Brucker, J. A1 - Brun, Francois A1 - Brun, Pierre A1 - Bulik, Tomasz A1 - Carrigan, Svenja A1 - Casanova, Sabrina A1 - Cerruti, M. A1 - Chadwick, Paula M. A1 - Chaves, Ryan C. G. A1 - Cheesebrough, A. A1 - Colafrancesco, Sergio A1 - Cologna, Gabriele A1 - Conrad, Jan A1 - Couturier, C. A1 - Dalton, M. A1 - Daniel, M. K. A1 - Davids, I. D. A1 - Degrange, B. A1 - Deil, C. A1 - deWilt, P. A1 - Dickinson, H. J. A1 - Djannati-Ataï, A. A1 - Domainko, W. A1 - Drury, L. O&rsquo A1 - C., A1 - Dubus, G. A1 - Dutson, K. A1 - Dyks, J. A1 - Dyrda, M. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Eger, P. A1 - Espigat, P. A1 - Fallon, L. A1 - Farnier, C. A1 - Fegan, S. A1 - Feinstein, F. A1 - Fernandes, M. V. A1 - Fernandez, D. A1 - Fiasson, A. A1 - Fontaine, G. A1 - Foerster, A. A1 - Fuessling, M. A1 - Gajdus, M. A1 - Gallant, Y. A. A1 - Garrigoux, T. A1 - Gast, H. A1 - Giebels, B. A1 - Glicenstein, J. F. A1 - Glueck, B. A1 - Goering, D. A1 - Grondin, M-H. A1 - Grudzinska, M. A1 - Haeffner, S. A1 - Hague, J. D. A1 - Hahn, J. A1 - Hampf, D. A1 - Harris, J. A1 - Heinz, S. A1 - Heinzelmann, G. A1 - Henri, G. A1 - Hermann, G. A1 - Hillert, A. A1 - Hinton, James Anthony A1 - Hofmann, W. A1 - Hofverberg, P. A1 - Holler, M. A1 - Horns, D. A1 - Jacholkowska, A. A1 - Jahn, C. A1 - Jamrozy, M. A1 - Jung, I. A1 - Kastendieck, M. A. A1 - Katarzynski, K. A1 - Katz, U. A1 - Kaufmann, S. A1 - Khelifi, B. A1 - Klepser, S. A1 - Klochkov, D. A1 - Kluzniak, W. A1 - Kneiske, T. A1 - Kolitzus, D. A1 - Komin, Nu. A1 - Kosack, K. A1 - Kossakowski, R. A1 - Krayzel, F. A1 - Krueger, P. P. A1 - Laffon, H. A1 - Lamanna, G. A1 - Lefaucheur, J. A1 - Lemoine-Goumard, M. A1 - Lenain, J-P A1 - Lennarz, D. A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Lopatin, A. A1 - Lu, C-C. A1 - Marandon, V. A1 - Marcowith, Alexandre A1 - Masbou, J. A1 - Maurin, G. A1 - Maxted, N. A1 - Mayer, M. A1 - McComb, T. J. L. A1 - Medina, M. C. A1 - Mehault, J. A1 - Menzler, U. A1 - Moderski, R. A1 - Mohamed, M. A1 - Moulin, Emmanuel A1 - Naumann, C. L. A1 - Naumann-Godo, M. A1 - de Naurois, M. A1 - Nedbal, D. A1 - Nguyen, N. A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Nolan, S. J. A1 - Ohm, S. A1 - de Ona Wilhelmi, E. A1 - Opitz, B. A1 - Ostrowski, M. A1 - Oya, I. A1 - Panter, M. A1 - Parsons, R. D. A1 - Arribas, M. Paz A1 - Pekeur, N. W. A1 - Pelletier, G. A1 - Perez, J. A1 - Petrucci, P-O A1 - Peyaud, B. A1 - Pita, S. A1 - Puehlhofer, G. A1 - Punch, M. A1 - Quirrenbach, A. A1 - Raab, S. A1 - Raue, M. A1 - Reimer, A. A1 - Reimer, O. A1 - Renaud, M. A1 - de los Reyes, R. A1 - Rieger, F. A1 - Ripken, J. A1 - Rob, L. A1 - Rosier-Lees, S. A1 - Rowell, G. A1 - Rudak, B. A1 - Rulten, C. B. A1 - Sahakian, V. A1 - Sanchez, David M. A1 - Santangelo, Andrea A1 - Schlickeiser, R. A1 - Schulz, A. A1 - Schwanke, U. A1 - Schwarzburg, S. A1 - Schwemmer, S. A1 - Sheidaei, F. A1 - Skilton, J. L. A1 - Sol, H. A1 - Spengler, G. A1 - Stawarz, L. A1 - Steenkamp, R. A1 - Stegmann, Christian A1 - Stinzing, F. A1 - Stycz, K. A1 - Sushch, Iurii A1 - Szostek, A. A1 - Tavernet, J-P A1 - Terrier, R. A1 - Tluczykont, M. A1 - Trichard, C. A1 - Valerius, K. A1 - van Eldik, C. A1 - Vasileiadis, G. A1 - Venter, C. A1 - Viana, A. A1 - Vincent, P. A1 - Voelk, H. J. A1 - Volpe, F. A1 - Vorobiov, S. A1 - Vorster, M. A1 - Wagner, S. J. A1 - Ward, M. A1 - White, R. A1 - Wierzcholska, A. A1 - Wouters, D. A1 - Zacharias, M. A1 - Zajczyk, A. A1 - Zdziarski, A. A. A1 - Zech, Alraune A1 - Zechlin, H-S T1 - Search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with HESS JF - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS N2 - Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are established emitters of high-energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray radiation which could originate from the cumulative emission of the numerous millisecond pulsars (msPSRs) in the clusters’ cores or from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic leptons accelerated in the GC environment. These stellar clusters could also constitute a new class of sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime, judging from the recent detection of a signal from the direction of Terzan 5 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. Aims. To search for VHE gamma-ray sources associated with other GCs, and to put constraints on leptonic emission models, we systematically analyzed the observations towards 15 GCs taken with the H. E. S. S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We searched for point-like and extended VHE gamma-ray emission from each GC in our sample and also performed a stacking analysis combining the data from all GCs to investigate the hypothesis of a population of faint emitters. Assuming IC emission as the origin of the VHE gamma-ray signal from the direction of Terzan 5, we calculated the expected gamma-ray flux from each of the 15 GCs, based on their number of millisecond pulsars, their optical brightness and the energy density of background photon fields. Results. We did not detect significant VHE gamma-ray emission from any of the 15 GCs in either of the two analyses. Given the uncertainties related to the parameter determinations, the obtained flux upper limits allow to rule out the simple IC/msPSR scaling model for NGC6388 and NGC7078. The upper limits derived from the stacking analyses are factors between 2 and 50 below the flux predicted by the simple leptonic scaling model, depending on the assumed source extent and the dominant target photon fields. Therefore, Terzan 5 still remains exceptional among all GCs, as the VHE gamma-ray emission either arises from extra-ordinarily efficient leptonic processes, or from a recent catastrophic event, or is even unrelated to the GC itself. KW - globular clusters: general KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal KW - pulsars: general KW - gamma rays: general Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220719 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 551 PB - EDP SCIENCES S A CY - LES ULIS CEDEX A ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramowski, Attila A1 - Acero, F. A1 - Aharonian, Felix A. A1 - Akhperjanian, A. G. A1 - Anton, Gisela A1 - Balenderan, Shangkari A1 - Balzer, Arnim A1 - Barnacka, Anna A1 - Becherini, Yvonne A1 - Tjus, J. Becker A1 - Bernlöhr, K. A1 - Birsin, E. A1 - Biteau, Jonathan A1 - Boisson, Catherine A1 - Bolmont, J. A1 - Bordas, Pol A1 - Brucker, J. A1 - Brun, Francois A1 - Brun, Pierre A1 - Bulik, Tomasz A1 - Carrigan, Svenja A1 - Casanova, Sabrina A1 - Cerruti, M. A1 - Chadwick, Paula M. A1 - Chaves, Ryan C. G. A1 - Cheesebrough, A. A1 - Colafrancesco, Sergio A1 - Cologna, Gabriele A1 - Conrad, Jan A1 - Couturier, C. A1 - Dalton, M. A1 - Daniel, M. K. A1 - Davids, I. D. A1 - Degrange, B. A1 - Deil, C. A1 - deWilt, P. A1 - Dickinson, H. J. A1 - Djannati-Ataï, A. A1 - Domainko, W. A1 - Drury, L. O'C. A1 - Dubus, G. A1 - Dutson, K. A1 - Dyks, J. A1 - Dyrda, M. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Eger, P. A1 - Espigat, P. A1 - Fallon, L. A1 - Farnier, C. A1 - Fegan, S. A1 - Feinstein, F. A1 - Fernandes, M. V. A1 - Fernandez, D. A1 - Fiasson, A. A1 - Fontaine, G. A1 - Foerster, A. A1 - Fuessling, M. A1 - Gajdus, M. A1 - Gallant, Y. A. A1 - Garrigoux, T. A1 - Gast, H. A1 - Giebels, B. A1 - Glicenstein, J. F. A1 - Glueck, B. A1 - Goering, D. A1 - Grondin, M. -H. A1 - Grudzinska, M. A1 - Haeffner, S. A1 - Hague, J. D. A1 - Hahn, J. A1 - Hampf, D. A1 - Harris, J. A1 - Heinz, S. A1 - Heinzelmann, G. A1 - Henri, G. A1 - Hermann, G. A1 - Hillert, A. A1 - Hinton, James Anthony A1 - Hofmann, W. A1 - Hofverberg, P. A1 - Holler, Markus A1 - Horns, D. A1 - Jacholkowska, A. A1 - Jahn, C. A1 - Jamrozy, M. A1 - Jung, I. A1 - Kastendieck, M. A. A1 - Katarzynski, K. A1 - Katz, U. A1 - Kaufmann, S. A1 - Khelifi, B. A1 - Klepser, S. A1 - Klochkov, D. A1 - Kluzniak, W. A1 - Kneiske, T. A1 - Kolitzus, D. A1 - Komin, Nu A1 - Kosack, K. A1 - Kossakowski, R. A1 - Krayzel, F. A1 - Krueger, P. P. A1 - Laffon, H. A1 - Lamanna, G. A1 - Lefaucheur, J. A1 - Lemoine-Goumard, M. A1 - Lenain, J. -P. A1 - Lennarz, D. A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Lopatin, A. A1 - Lu, C. -C. A1 - Marandon, V. A1 - Marcowith, Alexandre A1 - Masbou, J. A1 - Maurin, G. A1 - Maxted, N. A1 - Mayer, M. A1 - McComb, T. J. L. A1 - Medina, M. C. A1 - Mehault, J. A1 - Menzler, U. A1 - Moderski, R. A1 - Mohamed, M. A1 - Moulin, Emmanuel A1 - Naumann, C. L. A1 - Naumann-Godo, M. A1 - de Naurois, M. A1 - Nedbal, D. A1 - Nguyen, N. A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Nolan, S. J. A1 - Oakes, L. A1 - Ohm, S. A1 - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona A1 - Opitz, B. A1 - Ostrowski, M. A1 - Oya, I. A1 - Panter, M. A1 - Parsons, R. D. A1 - Arribas, M. Paz A1 - Pekeur, N. W. A1 - Pelletier, G. A1 - Perez, J. A1 - Petrucci, P. -O. A1 - Peyaud, B. A1 - Pita, S. A1 - Puehlhofer, G. A1 - Punch, M. A1 - Quirrenbach, A. A1 - Raab, S. A1 - Raue, M. A1 - Reimer, A. A1 - Reimer, O. A1 - Renaud, M. A1 - de los Reyes, R. A1 - Rieger, F. A1 - Ripken, J. A1 - Rob, L. A1 - Rosier-Lees, S. A1 - Rowell, G. A1 - Rudak, B. A1 - Rulten, C. B. A1 - Sahakian, V. A1 - Sanchez, David M. A1 - Santangelo, Andrea A1 - Schlickeiser, R. A1 - Schulz, A. A1 - Schwanke, U. A1 - Schwarzburg, S. A1 - Schwemmer, S. A1 - Sheidaei, F. A1 - Skilton, J. L. A1 - Sol, H. A1 - Spengler, G. A1 - Stawarz, L. A1 - Steenkamp, R. A1 - Stegmann, Christian A1 - Stinzing, F. A1 - Stycz, K. A1 - Sushch, Iurii A1 - Szostek, A. A1 - Tavernet, J. -P. A1 - Terrier, R. A1 - Tluczykont, M. A1 - Trichard, C. A1 - Valerius, K. A1 - van Eldik, C. A1 - Vasileiadis, G. A1 - Venter, C. A1 - Viana, A. A1 - Vincent, P. A1 - Voelk, H. J. A1 - Volpe, F. A1 - Vorobiov, S. A1 - Vorster, M. A1 - Wagner, S. J. A1 - Ward, M. A1 - White, R. A1 - Wierzcholska, A. A1 - Willmann, P. A1 - Wouters, D. A1 - Zacharias, M. A1 - Zajczyk, A. A1 - Zdziarski, A. A. A1 - Zech, Alraune A1 - Zechlin, H. -S. T1 - HESS observations of the binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the 2010/2011 periastron passage JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Aims. We present very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) data from the gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 taken around its periastron passage on 15th of December 2010 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H. E. S. S.) of Cherenkov Telescopes. We aim to search for a possible TeV counterpart of the GeV flare detected by the Fermi LAT. In addition, we aim to study the current periastron passage in the context of previous observations taken at similar orbital phases, testing the repetitive behaviour of the source. Methods. Observations at VHEs were conducted with H.E.S.S. from 9th to 16th of January 2011. The total dataset amounts to similar to 6 h of observing time. The data taken around the 2004 periastron passage were also re-analysed with the current analysis techniques in order to extend the energy spectrum above 3 TeV to fully compare observation results from 2004 and 2011. Results. The source is detected in the 2011 data at a significance level of 11.5 sigma revealing an averaged integral flux above 1 TeV of (1.01 +/- 0.18(stat) +/- 0.20(sys)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). The differential energy spectrum follows a power-law shape with a spectral index Gamma = 2.92 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.95 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.39(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). The measured light curve does not show any evidence for variability of the source on the daily scale. The re-analysis of the 2004 data yields results compatible with the published ones. The differential energy spectrum measured up to similar to 10 TeV is consistent with a power law with a spectral index Gamma = 2.81 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.29 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.26(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). Conclusions. The measured integral flux and the spectral shape of the 2011 data are compatible with the results obtained around previous periastron passages. The absence of variability in the H.E.S.S. data indicates that the GeV flare observed by Fermi LAT in the time period covered also by H.E.S.S. observations originates in a different physical scenario than the TeV emission. Moreover, the comparison of the new results to the results from the 2004 observations made at a similar orbital phase provides a stronger evidence of the repetitive behaviour of the source. KW - gamma rays: general KW - pulsars: individual: PSR B1259-63 KW - X-rays: binaries KW - stars: individual: LS 2883 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220612 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 551 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Your neighbors define your value a study of spatial bias in number comparison JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - Several chronometric biases in numerical cognition have informed our understanding of a mental number line (MNL). Complementing this approach, we investigated spatial performance in a magnitude comparison task. Participants located the larger or smaller number of a pair on a horizontal line representing the interval from 0 to 10. Experiments 1 and 2 used only number pairs one unit apart and found that digits were localized farther to the right with "select larger" instructions than with "select smaller" instructions. However, when numerical distance was varied (Experiment 3), digits were localized away from numerically near neighbors. This repulsion effect reveals context-specific distortions in number representation not previously noticed with chronometric measures. KW - Magnitude comparison KW - Mental number line KW - Numerical cognition KW - Spatial bias Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.01.004 SN - 0001-6918 VL - 142 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 313 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Lee, Wang-Sheng T1 - Fat chance! - Obesity and the transition from unemployment to employment JF - Economics and human biology N2 - This paper focuses on estimating the magnitude of any potential weight discrimination by examining whether obese job applicants in Germany get treated or behave differently from non-obese applicants. Based on two waves of rich survey data from the IZA Evaluation dataset, which includes measures that control for education, demographic characteristics, labor market history, psychological factors and health, we estimate differences in job search behavior and labor market outcomes between obese/overweight and normal weight individuals. Unlike other observational studies which are generally based on obese and non-obese individuals who might already be at different points in the job ladder (e.g., household surveys), in our data, individuals are newly unemployed and all start from the same point. The only subgroup we find in our data experiencing any possible form of negative labor market outcomes is obese women. Despite making more job applications and engaging more in job training programs, we find some indications that they experienced worse (or at best similar) employment outcomes than normal weight women. Obese women who found a job also had significantly lower wages than normal weight women. KW - Obesity KW - Discrimination KW - Employment KW - Labor demand Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2012.02.002 SN - 1570-677X VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hikel, Harald A1 - Yair, Aaron A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Hoffmann, Ulrike A1 - Strähl, Sarah A1 - Kuhn, Nikolaus J. T1 - Experimental investigation of soil ecohydrology on rocky desert slopes in the Negev Highlands, Israel JF - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N2 - Purpose: Dry land vegetation is expected to respond sensitively to climate change and the projected variability of rainfall events. Rainfall as a water source is an obvious factor for the water supply of vegetation. However, the interaction of water and surface on rocky desert slopes with a patchy soil cover is also vital for vegetation in drylands. In particular, runoff on rocky surfaces and infiltration capacity of soil patches determine plant available water. Process-based studies into rock-soil interaction benefit from rainfall simulation, but require an approach accounting for the micro-scale heterogeneity of the slope surfaces. This study therefore aims at developing a suitable procedure for examining rock-soil interaction and the relevance of soil volume for storing plant available water in the northern Negev, Israel. Materials and methods: To determine the amount of rainfall required to fill the available soil water storage capacity rainfall simulation experiments were conducted. The design of the rainfall-simulator and the selection of the plots aimed specifically at observing infiltration into small soil patches on a micro-scale relevant for the prevalent vegetation cover. Results and discussion: The preliminary results of the study in the Negev Desert indicate that the ratio between soil volume and frequency of rainfall events determine the effect of climate change on plant available water and thus ultimately vegetation cover. Conclusions: Based on the experiments examining runoff and soil moisture the qualitative understanding of hillslope ecohydrology in a rocky desert environment can be expanded into a quantitative assessment of the potential impact of varying rainfall conditions. The study also illustrates the contribution of rainfall simulation experiments for studies on the impact of climate change. KW - Drylands KW - Ecohydrology KW - Rocky deserts KW - Rainfall simulation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2012/S-00116 SN - 0372-8854 VL - 57 IS - 2 SP - 39 EP - 58 PB - Cramer CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deplazes, Gaudenz A1 - Lueckge, Andreas A1 - Peterson, Larry C. A1 - Timmermann, Axel A1 - Hamann, Yvonne A1 - Hughen, Konrad A. A1 - Roehl, Ursula A1 - Laj, Carlo A1 - Cane, Mark A. A1 - Sigman, Daniel M. A1 - Haug, Gerald H. T1 - Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period JF - Nature geoscience N2 - During the last glacial period, the North Atlantic region experienced pronounced, millennial-scale alternations between cold, stadial conditions and milder interstadial conditions-commonly referred to as Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations-as well as periods of massive iceberg discharge known as Heinrich events(1). Changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature, as recorded in Greenland(2-4), are thought to have affected the location of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone(5,6) and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon(7,8). Here we use high-resolution records of sediment colour-a measure of terrigenous versus biogenic content-from the Cariaco Basin off the coast of Venezuela and the Arabian Sea to assess teleconnections with the North Atlantic climate system during the last glacial period. The Cariaco record indicates that the intertropical convergence zone migrated seasonally over the site during mild stadial conditions, but was permanently displaced south of the basin during peak stadials and Heinrich events. In the Arabian Sea, we find evidence of a weak Indian summer monsoon during the stadial events. The tropical records show a more variable response to North Atlantic cooling than the Greenland temperature records. We therefore suggest that Greenland climate is especially sensitive to variations in the North Atlantic system-in particular sea-ice extent-whereas the intertropical convergence zone and Indian monsoon system respond primarily to variations in mean Northern Hemisphere temperature. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1712 SN - 1752-0894 VL - 6 IS - 3 SP - 213 EP - 217 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Stefan A1 - Tecklenburg, Christina A1 - Munz, Matthias A1 - Naden, Emma T1 - Streambed nitrogen cycling beyond the hyporheic zone: Flow controls on horizontal patterns and depth distribution of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in the upwelling groundwater of a lowland river JF - Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences N2 - Biogeochemical turnover in hyporheic zones is known to have the potential to affect the chemical signature of surface water cycling through shallow streambed sediments. This study investigates the impact of streambed physical properties on the fate of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in groundwater upwelling through the streambed of a lowland river. For analyzing depth-dependent patterns and zonation of nitrogen concentrations, diffuse gel probes in shallow (top 15 cm) streambed sediments have been deployed in a nested setup together with multilevel minipiezometers for streambed sediments of 15-150 cm. Spatial heterogeneity of groundwater upwelling was controlled by patterns of low-conductivity peat and clay strata that caused locally confined conditions, suggesting increased streambed residence times. Nitrate concentrations in the upwelling groundwater changed by up to 68.06 mg L-1 within the top 15 cm of streambed sediments and by up to 107.47 mg L-1 at depths of 15-150 cm, indicating that significant nitrogen turnover was not restricted to shallow streambed sediments. Intensive reduction of nitrate concentrations was found, in particular, in vicinity of low-conductivity streambed strata. The coincidence of confined groundwater upwelling and reduced oxygen concentrations at these locations suggests that increased residence times and associated depletion of dissolved oxygen create conditions favorable for nitrate reduction. Our results highlight that increased nitrogen turnover at aquifer-river interfaces is not necessarily limited to shallow streambed zones, where surface water is mixing with groundwater, but can affect upwelling groundwater in reactive hot spots that extend to greater streambed depths and beyond hyporheic mixing zones. Citation: Krause, S., C. Tecklenburg, M. Munz, and E. Naden (2013), Streambed nitrogen cycling beyond the hyporheic zone: Flow controls on horizontal patterns and depth distribution of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in the upwelling groundwater of a lowland river, Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002122 SN - 0148-0227 VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 67 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cosentino, Domenico A1 - Buchwaldt, Robert A1 - Sampalmieri, Gianluca A1 - Iadanza, Annalisa A1 - Cipollari, Paola A1 - Schildgen, Taylor F. A1 - Hinnov, Linda A. A1 - Ramezani, Jahandar A1 - Bowring, Samuel A. T1 - Refining the mediterranean "Messinian gap" with high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology, central and northern Italy JF - Geology N2 - Astronomically tuned cyclic sedimentary successions provide unprecedented insight into the temporal evolution of depositional systems and major geologic events. However, placing astronomically calibrated records into an absolute time frame with confidence requires independent and precise geochronologic constraints. Astronomical tuning of the precessionally modulated sedimentary cycles of the Mediterranean Basin deposited during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.96-5.33 Ma) has indicated an similar to 90 k.y. "Messinian gap", corresponding to the evaporative drawdown of the Mediterranean following the closure of the Mediterranean-Atlantic gateway. In the Messinian deposits, a volcanic ash dated by Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology was used to anchor the sedimentary cycles to the insolation curve. However, the uncertainty of the Ar-40/Ar-39 date introduces a potential two-cycle (similar to 40 k.y.) uncertainty in the tuning. Using high-precision chemical abrasion-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) U-Pb geochronology on single zircon grains from two Messinian ash layers in Italy, we obtained dates of 5.5320 +/- 0.0046 Ma and 5.5320 +/- 0.0074 Ma with sub-precessional resolution. Combined with our astronomical tuning of the Messinian Lower Evaporites, the results refine the duration of the "Messinian gap" to at most 28 or 58 +/- 9.6 k.y., which correlates with either the TG12 glacial interval alone, or both TG12 and TG14 glacial intervals, supporting the hypothesis of a glacio-eustatic contribution in fully isolating the Mediterranean from the Atlantic Ocean. Our new U-Pb dates also allow us to infer a precessionally modulated cyclicity for the post-evaporitic deposits, and hence enable us to tune those successions to the insolation curve. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/G33820.1 SN - 0091-7613 VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 323 EP - 326 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Baumbach, Henryk A1 - Gockel, Sonja A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Schöning, Ingo A1 - Wells, Konstans A1 - Buscot, Francois A1 - Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. A1 - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germany differ between regions JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition ( functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (-15% plant species richness, -0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m(2)) and changed composition (-3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (-42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots KW - Biodiversity exploratories KW - Functional groups KW - Land use type KW - Livestock type KW - Shannon diversity Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.12.003 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 126 EP - 136 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Brose, Ulrich A1 - Chipperfield, Joseph D. A1 - Clough, Yann A1 - Farwig, Nina A1 - Geissler, Katja A1 - Graham, Catherine H. A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Hickler, Thomas A1 - Huth, Andreas A1 - May, Felix A1 - Meyer, Katrin M. A1 - Pagel, Jörn A1 - Reineking, Björn A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Shea, Katriona A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Schroeder, Boris A1 - Tielbörger, Katja A1 - Weiss, Lina A1 - Wiegand, Kerstin A1 - Wiegand, Thorsten A1 - Wirth, Christian A1 - Zurell, Damaris T1 - How can we bring together empiricists and modellers in functional biodiversity research? JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - Improving our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and our capacity to inform ecosystem management requires an integrated framework for functional biodiversity research (FBR). However, adequate integration among empirical approaches (monitoring and experimental) and modelling has rarely been achieved in FBR. We offer an appraisal of the issues involved and chart a course towards enhanced integration. A major element of this path is the joint orientation towards the continuous refinement of a theoretical framework for FBR that links theory testing and generalization with applied research oriented towards the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We further emphasize existing decision-making frameworks as suitable instruments to practically merge these different aims of FBR and bring them into application. This integrated framework requires joint research planning, and should improve communication and stimulate collaboration between modellers and empiricists, thereby overcoming existing reservations and prejudices. The implementation of this integrative research agenda for FBR requires an adaptation in most national and international funding schemes in order to accommodate such joint teams and their more complex structures and data needs. KW - Biodiversity theory KW - Biodiversity experiments KW - Conservation management KW - Decision-making KW - Ecosystem functions and services KW - Forecasting KW - Functional traits KW - Global change KW - Monitoring programmes KW - Interdisciplinarity Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2013.01.001 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 101 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleeberg, Andreas A1 - Hupfer, Michael A1 - Gust, Giselher A1 - Salka, Ivette A1 - Pohlmann, Kirsten A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Intermittent riverine resuspension effects on phosphorus transformations and heterotrophic bacteria JF - Limnology and oceanography N2 - Intermittent riverine resuspension (IRR), a common phenomenon, was applied to investigate its effects on sedimentary resources availability and bacteria in the water column. This lab experiment used organic-rich lowland river sediment in a newly designed erosion chamber, the Benthic Water Column Simulator, generating well-defined ratios of shear velocity u* to turbulence intensity. Eight consecutive resuspension events, 1-8, were initiated at u* = 1.1 cm s(-1). Sedimentary and phosphorus entrainment decreased from 20.4 g m(-2) h(-1) and 111.6 mg m(-2) h(-1) at event 1 to 1.31 g m(-2) h(-1) and 18.7 mg m(-2) h(-1) at event 8, suggesting an exhaustion of particulate and dissolved sediment constituents. Entrainment of particle-associated (PA) bacteria (132.7 x 10(9)-251.1 x 10(9) cells m(-2) h(-1)) was strongly correlated to that of particles. Free-living (FL) bacteria (-27.6 x 10(9)-36.4 x 10(9) cells m(-2) h(-1)) were fractionally entrained. Numbers of PA bacteria remained low after each event, whereas those of FL bacteria strongly increased 5-15 h after an event because of growth due to increased availability of dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrients following each event. FL bacteria community structure also changed during IRR. The systematic changes over consecutive IRR cycles show a strong effect in all considered parameters that elude the typical single-event, steady-state experiments. IRR should thus be considered in two respects: experimental protocols on riverine water quality should be revised. In ecosystem modeling, IRR should be considered to better predict extent and effect of resuspension. Only IRR adequately reflects the natural interplay between hydrodynamics and organisms in rivers. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.2.0635 SN - 0024-3590 SN - 1939-5590 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 635 EP - 652 PB - Wiley CY - Waco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möllers, Norma Tamaria A1 - Hälterlein, Jens T1 - Privacy issues in public discourse the case of "smart" CCTV in Germany JF - Innovation : the European journal of social sciences N2 - In dealing with surveillance, scholars have widely agreed to refute privacy as an analytical concept and defining theme. Nonetheless, in public debates, surveillance technologies are still confronted with issues of privacy, and privacy therefore endures as an empirical subject of research on surveillance. Drawing from our analysis of public discourse of so-called smart closed-circuit television (CCTV) in Germany, we propose to use a sociology of knowledge perspective to analyze privacy in order to understand how it is socially constructed and negotiated. Our data comprise 117 documents, covering all publicly available documents between 2006 and 2010 that we were able to obtain. We found privacy to be the only form of critique in the struggle for the legitimate definition of smart CCTV. In this paper, we discuss the implications our preliminary findings have for the relationship between privacy issues and surveillance technology and conclude with suggestions of how this relationship might be further investigated as paradoxical, yet constitutive. KW - smart CCTV KW - video surveillance KW - privacy KW - data protection KW - sociology of knowledge KW - discourse analysis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2013.723396 SN - 1351-1610 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SP - 57 EP - 70 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asendorpf, Jens B. A1 - Conner, Mark A1 - De Fruyt, Filip A1 - De Houwer, Jan A1 - Denissen, Jaap J. A. A1 - Fiedler, Klaus A1 - Fiedler, Susann A1 - Funder, David C. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Nosek, Brian A. A1 - Perugini, Marco A1 - Roberts, Brent W. A1 - Schmitt, Manfred A1 - vanAken, Marcel A. G. A1 - Weber, Hannelore A1 - Wicherts, Jelte M. T1 - Recommendations for increasing replicability in psychology JF - European journal of personality N2 - Replicability of findings is at the heart of any empirical science. The aim of this article is to move the current replicability debate in psychology towards concrete recommendations for improvement. We focus on research practices but also offer guidelines for reviewers, editors, journal management, teachers, granting institutions, and university promotion committees, highlighting some of the emerging and existing practical solutions that can facilitate implementation of these recommendations. The challenges for improving replicability in psychological science are systemic. Improvement can occur only if changes are made at many levels of practice, evaluation, and reward. KW - replicability KW - confirmation bias KW - publication bias KW - generalizability KW - research transparency Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1919 SN - 0890-2070 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 108 EP - 119 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böttle, Markus A1 - Rybski, Diego A1 - Kropp, Jürgen T1 - How changing sea level extremes and protection measures alter coastal flood damages JF - Water resources research N2 - While sea level rise is one of the most likely consequences of climate change, the provoked costs remain highly uncertain. Based on a block-maxima approach, we provide a stochastic framework to estimate the increase of expected damages with sea level rise as well as with meteorological changes and demonstrate the application to two case studies. In addition, the uncertainty of the damage estimations due to the stochastic nature of extreme events is studied. Starting with the probability distribution of extreme flood levels, we calculate the distribution of implied damages in a specific region employing stage-damage functions. Universal relations of the expected damages and their standard deviation, which demonstrate the importance of the shape of the damage function, are provided. We also calculate how flood protection reduces the damages leading to a more complex picture, where the extreme value behavior plays a fundamental role. Citation: Boettle, M., D. Rybski, and J. P. Kropp (2013), How changing sea level extremes and protection measures alter coastal flood damages, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1199-1210, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20108. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20108 SN - 0043-1397 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 1199 EP - 1210 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burgemeister, S. A1 - Gvaramadze, Visily V. A1 - Stringfellow, G. S. A1 - Kniazev, Alexei Y. A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer T1 - WR 120bb and WR 120bc: a pair of WN9h stars with possibly interacting circumstellar shells JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Two optically obscured Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars have been recently discovered by means of their infrared (IR) circumstellar shells, which show signatures of interaction with each other. Following the systematics of the WR star catalogues, these stars obtain the names WR 120bb and WR 120bc. In this paper, we present and analyse new near-IR, J-, H- and K-band spectra using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. For that purpose, the atomic data base of the code has been extended in order to include all significant lines in the near-IR bands. The spectra of both stars are classified as WN9h. As their spectra are very similar the parameters that we obtained by the spectral analyses hardly differ. Despite their late spectral subtype, we found relatively high stellar temperatures of 63 kK. The wind composition is dominated by helium, while hydrogen is depleted to 25 per cent by mass. Because of their location in the Scutum-Centaurus Arm, WR 120bb and WR 120bc appear highly reddened, A(Ks) approximate to 2 mag. We adopt a common distance of 5.8 kpc to both stars, which complies with the typical absolute K-band magnitude for the WN9h subtype of -6.5 mag, is consistent with their observed extinction based on comparison with other massive stars in the region, and allows for the possibility that their shells are interacting with each other. This leads to luminosities of log(L/L-circle dot) = 5.66 and 5.54 for WR 120bb and WR 120bc, with large uncertainties due to the adopted distance. The values of the luminosities of WR 120bb and WR 120bc imply that the immediate precursors of both stars were red supergiants (RSG). This implies in turn that the circumstellar shells associated with WR 120bb and WR 120bc were formed by interaction between the WR wind and the dense material shed during the preceding RSG phase. KW - line: identification KW - circumstellar matter KW - stars: fundamental parameters KW - stars: massive KW - stars: Wolf-Rayet Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts588 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 429 IS - 4 SP - 3305 EP - 3315 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann-Schaal, Meina A1 - Messerschmidt, Katrin A1 - Grenz, Nicole A1 - Heilmann, Katja T1 - Use of antibody gene library for the isolation of specific single chain antibodies. by ampicillin-antigen conjugates JF - Immunology letters : an international journal providing for the rapid publication of short reports in immunology N2 - Isolation of recombinant antibodies from antibody libraries is commonly performed by different molecular display formats including phage display and ribosome display or different cell-surface display formats. We describe a new method which allows the selection of Escherichia coil cells producing the required single chain antibody by cultivation in presence of ampicillin conjugated to the antigen of interest. The method utilizes the neutralization of the conjugate by the produced single chain antibody which is secreted to the periplasm. Therefore, a new expression system based on the pET26b vector was designed and a library was constructed. The method was successfully established first for the selection of E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) cells expressing a model single chain antibody (anti-fluorescein) by a simple selection assay on LB-agar plates. Using this selection assay, we could identify a new single chain antibody binding biotin by growing E. coil BL21 Star (DE3) containing the library in presence of a biotin-ampicillin conjugate. In contrast to methods as molecular or cell surface display our selection system applies the soluble single chain antibody molecule and thereby avoids undesired effects, e.g. by the phage particle or the yeast fusion protein. By selecting directly in an expression strain, production and characterization of the selected single chain antibody is possible without any further cloning or transformation steps. KW - Single chain antibody KW - Selection method KW - Anti-biotin antibody KW - Naive single chain library Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2013.02.005 SN - 0165-2478 VL - 151 IS - 1-2 SP - 39 EP - 43 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Guanghao A1 - Blakesley, James C. A1 - Himmelberger, Scott A1 - Pingel, Patrick A1 - Frisch, Johannes A1 - Lieberwirth, Ingo A1 - Salzmann, Ingo A1 - Oehzelt, Martin A1 - Di Pietro, Riccardo A1 - Salleo, Alberto A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Moderate doping leads to high performance of semiconductor/insulator polymer blend transistors JF - Nature Communications N2 - Polymer transistors are being intensively developed for next-generation flexible electronics. Blends comprising a small amount of semiconducting polymer mixed into an insulating polymer matrix have simultaneously shown superior performance and environmental stability in organic field-effect transistors compared with the neat semiconductor. Here we show that such blends actually perform very poorly in the undoped state, and that mobility and on/off ratio are improved dramatically upon moderate doping. Structural investigations show that these blend layers feature nanometre-scale semiconductor domains and a vertical composition gradient. This particular morphology enables a quasi three-dimensional spatial distribution of semiconductor pathways within the insulating matrix, in which charge accumulation and depletion via a gate bias is substantially different from neat semiconductor, and where high on-current and low off-current are simultaneously realized in the stable doped state. Adding only 5 wt% of a semiconducting polymer to a polystyrene matrix, we realized an environmentally stable inverter with gain up to 60. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2587 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 4 IS - 1-2 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Hooland, Seth A1 - Verborgh, Ruben A1 - De Wilde, Max A1 - Hercher, Johannes A1 - Mannens, Erik A1 - Van de Walle, Rik T1 - Evaluating the success of vocabulary reconciliation for cultural heritage collections JF - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology N2 - The concept of Linked Data has made its entrance in the cultural heritage sector due to its potential use for the integration of heterogeneous collections and deriving additional value out of existing metadata. However, practitioners and researchers alike need a better understanding of what outcome they can reasonably expect of the reconciliation process between their local metadata and established controlled vocabularies which are already a part of the Linked Data cloud. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of how a locally developed vocabulary can be successfully reconciled with the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and the Arts and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) through the help of a general-purpose tool for interactive data transformation (OpenRefine). Issues negatively affecting the reconciliation process are identified and solutions are proposed in order to derive maximum value from existing metadata and controlled vocabularies in an automated manner. KW - semantic web KW - metadata KW - controlled vocabularies Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22763 SN - 1532-2882 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 464 EP - 479 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meckelmann, Viola A1 - Pfeifer, Caroline A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Family relationships in childhood, pubertal timing, and subsequent reproductive strategies among adolescents JF - South African journal of psychology N2 - The evolutionary theory of socialization of Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper was investigated on the empirical basis of a longitudinal sample of 26 adolescent girls and boys who were born in Berlin during German reunification, as well as their mothers. Consistent with the theory, pubertal timing of the girls (but not of the boys) was predicted by the quality of parental relations in childhood, and pubertal timing of the girls (but not of the boys) was a significant predictor of the age at first intercourse. The results suggest that there are different developmental pathways for girls and boys with respect to the predictions of the evolutionary theory of socialization of Belsky et al. The findings also support the hypothesis that early onset of reproduction and frequent reproduction may be two different aspects of a quantitative reproductive strategy. KW - Adolescence KW - childhood KW - family relations KW - pubertal timing KW - puberty KW - reproductive strategies Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246312474408 SN - 0081-2463 VL - 43 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 33 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westendorf, Christian A1 - Negrete, Jose A1 - Bae, Albert J. A1 - Sandmann, Rabea A1 - Bodenschatz, Eberhard A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - Actin cytoskeleton of chemotactic amoebae operates close to the onset of oscillations JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - The rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli is an essential property of many motile eukaryotic cells. Here, we report evidence that the actin machinery of chemotactic Dictyostelium cells operates close to an oscillatory instability. When averaging the actin response of many cells to a short pulse of the chemoattractant cAMP, we observed a transient accumulation of cortical actin reminiscent of a damped oscillation. At the single-cell level, however, the response dynamics ranged from short, strongly damped responses to slowly decaying, weakly damped oscillations. Furthermore, in a small subpopulation, we observed self-sustained oscillations in the cortical F-actin concentration. To substantiate that an oscillatory mechanism governs the actin dynamics in these cells, we systematically exposed a large number of cells to periodic pulse trains of different frequencies. Our results indicate a resonance peak at a stimulation period of around 20 s. We propose a delayed feedback model that explains our experimental findings based on a time-delay in the regulatory network of the actin system. To test the model, we performed stimulation experiments with cells that express GFP-tagged fusion proteins of Coronin and actin-interacting protein 1, as well as knockout mutants that lack Coronin and actin-interacting protein 1. These actin-binding proteins enhance the disassembly of actin filaments and thus allow us to estimate the delay time in the regulatory feedback loop. Based on this independent estimate, our model predicts an intrinsic period of 20 s, which agrees with the resonance observed in our periodic stimulation experiments. KW - Dictyostelium discoideum KW - microfluidics KW - caged cAMP KW - delay-differential equation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216629110 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 110 IS - 10 SP - 3853 EP - 3858 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER -