TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rolfs, Martin
A1  - Dambacher, Michael
A1  - Cavanagh, Patrick
T1  - Visual adaptation of the perception of causality
JF  - Current biology
N2  - We easily recover the causal properties of visual events, enabling us to understand and predict changes in the physical world. We see a tennis racket hitting a ball and sense that it caused the ball to fly over the net; we may also have an eerie but equally compelling experience of causality if the streetlights turn on just as we slam our car's door. Both perceptual [1] and cognitive [2] processes have been proposed to explain these spontaneous inferences, but without decisive evidence one way or the other, the question remains wide open [3-8]. Here, we address this long-standing debate using visual adaptation-a powerful tool to uncover neural populations that specialize in the analysis of specific visual features [9-12]. After prolonged viewing of causal collision events called "launches" [1], subsequently viewed events were judged more often as noncausal. These negative aftereffects of exposure to collisions are spatially localized in retinotopic coordinates, the reference frame shared by the retina and visual cortex. They are not explained by adaptation to other stimulus features and reveal visual routines in retinotopic cortex that detect and adapt to cause and effect in simple collision stimuli.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.12.017
SN  - 0960-9822
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
SP  - 250
EP  - 254
PB  - Cell Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - (Anti)aromaticity of dehydroannulenes of various ring size proved by the ring current effect in H-1 NMR spectra
JF  - Tetrahedron
N2  - The spatial magnetic properties (Through-Space NMR Shieldings-TSNMRS) of already synthesized dehydro[n]annulenes of various ring size (from C-12 to C-20) have been computed, visualized as Isochemical Shielding Surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction, and were examined subject to present (anti)aromaticity. For this purpose the thus quantified ring current effect of the macro cycles on proximate protons in proton NMR spectra was employed.
KW  - Dehydro[n]annulenes
KW  - (Anti)aromaticity
KW  - TSNMRS
KW  - H-1 NMR spectroscopy
KW  - Anisotropic effect
KW  - Theoretical calculations
KW  - ICSS
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.019
SN  - 0040-4020
VL  - 69
IS  - 5
SP  - 1481
EP  - 1488
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Sebastian T.
A1  - Jaiser, Frank
A1  - Hayer, Anna
A1  - Baessler, Heinz
A1  - Unger, Thomas
A1  - Athanasopoulos, Stavros
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Koehler, Anna
T1  - How Do Disorder, Reorganization, and Localization Influence the Hole
 Mobility in Conjugated Copolymers?
JF  - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
N2  - In order to unravel the intricate interplay between disorder effects, molecular reorganization, and charge carrier localization, a comprehensive study was conducted on hole transport in a series of conjugated alternating phenanthrene indenofluorene copolymers. Each polymer in the series contained one further comonomer comprising monoamines, diamines, or amine-free structures, whose influence on the electronic, optical, and charge transport properties was studied. The series covered a wide range of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies as determined by cyclovoltammetry. The mobility, inferred from time-of-flight (ToF) experiments as a function of temperature and electric field, was found to depend exponentially on the HOMO energy. Since possible origins for this effect include energetic disorder, polaronic effects, and wave function localization, the relevant parameters were determined using a range of methods. Disorder and molecular reorganization were established first by an analysis of absorption and emission measurements and second by an analysis of the ToF measurements. In addition, density functional theory calculations were carried out to determine how localized or delocalized holes on a polymer chain are and to compare calculated reorganization energies with those that have been inferred from optical spectra. In summary, we conclude that molecular reorganization has little effect on the hole mobility in this system while both disorder effects and hole localization in systems with low-lying HOMOs are predominant. In particular, as the energetic disorder is comparable for the copolymers, the absolute value of the hole mobility at room temperature is determined by the hole localization associated with the triarylamine moieties.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/ja308820j
SN  - 0002-7863
VL  - 135
IS  - 5
SP  - 1772
EP  - 1782
PB  - AMER CHEMICAL SOC
CY  - WASHINGTON
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Broedel, A. K.
A1  - Raymond, J. A.
A1  - Duman, J. G.
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
A1  - Kubick, Stefan
T1  - Functional evaluation of candidate ice structuring proteins using
 cell-free expression systems
JF  - JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
N2  - Ice structuring proteins (ISPs) protect organisms from damage or death by freezing. They depress the non-equilibrium freezing point of water and prevent recrystallization, probably by binding to the surface of ice crystals. Many ISPs have been described and it is likely that many more exist in nature that have not yet been identified. ISPs come in many forms and thus cannot be reliably identified by their structure or consensus ice-binding motifs. Recombinant protein expression is the gold standard for proving the activity of a candidate ISP. Among existing expression systems, cell-free protein expression is the simplest and gives the fastest access to the protein of interest, but selection of the appropriate cell-free expression system is crucial for functionality. Here we describe cell-free expression methods for three ISPs that differ widely in structure and glycosylation status from three organisms: a fish (Macrozoarces americanus), an insect (Dendroides canadensis) and an alga (Chlamydomonas sp. CCMP681). We use both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems for the production of ISPs. An ice recrystallization inhibition assay is used to test functionality. The techniques described here should improve the success of cell-free expression of ISPs in future applications. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Ice structuring protein
KW  - Antifreeze protein
KW  - Ice binding protein
KW  - Cell-free protein synthesis
KW  - In vitro translation
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.11.001
SN  - 0168-1656
VL  - 163
IS  - 3
SP  - 301
EP  - 310
PB  - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
CY  - AMSTERDAM
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Collins-Hughes, E.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dickherber, R.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Dwarkadas, Vikram V.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, S.
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Godambe, S.
A1  - Gotthelf, E. V.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kargaltsev, O.
A1  - Karlsson, N.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Lee, K.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nelson, T.
A1  - de Bhroithe, A. O&rsquo
A1  - Faolain, 
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Roberts, M.
A1  - Saxon, D. B.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Slane, P.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tesic, G.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Thibadeau, S.
A1  - Tsurusaki, K.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Vivier, M.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - DISCOVERY OF TeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM CTA 1 BY VERITAS
JF  - ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
N2  - We report the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission coincident with the shell-type radio supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 using the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory. The source, VER J0006+729, was detected as a 6.5 standard deviation excess over background and shows an extended morphology, approximated by a two-dimensional Gaussian of semimajor (semiminor) axis 0.degrees 30 (0.degrees 24) and a centroid 5’ from the Fermi gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0007+7303 and its X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The photon spectrum is well described by a power-law dN/dE = N-0(E/3 TeV)(-Gamma), with a differential spectral index of Gamma = 2.2 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(sys), and normalization N-0 = (9.1 +/- 1.3(stat) +/- 1.7(sys)) x 10(-14) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1. The integral flux, F-gamma = 4.0 x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1) above 1 TeV, corresponds to 0.2% of the pulsar spin-down power at 1.4 kpc. The energetics, colocation with the SNR, and the relatively small extent of the TeV emission strongly argue for the PWN origin of the TeV photons. We consider the origin of the TeV emission in CTA 1.
KW  - gamma-rays: stars
KW  - pulsars: individual (PSR J0007+7303)
KW  - supernovae: individual (G119.5+10.2)
KW  - X-rays: individual (RX J0007.0+7303)
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/38
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 764
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP PUBLISHING LTD
CY  - BRISTOL
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meli, Mattia
A1  - Auclerc, Apolline
A1  - Palmqvist, Annemette
A1  - Forbes, Valery E.
A1  - Grimm, Volker
T1  - Population-level consequences of spatially heterogeneous exposure to heavy metals in soil an individual-based model of springtails
JF  - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog
N2  - Contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals poses a major threat to the environment and human health. Anthropogenic sources include smelting of ores, municipal wastes, fertilizers, and pesticides. In assessing soil quality and the environmental and ecological risk of contamination with heavy metals, often homogeneous contamination of the soil is assumed. However, soils are very heterogeneous environments. Consequently, both contamination and the response of soil organisms can be assumed to be heterogeneous. This might have consequences for the exposure of soil organisms and for the extrapolation of risk from the individual to the population level. Therefore, to explore how soil contamination of different spatial heterogeneity affects population dynamics of soil invertebrates, we developed a spatially explicit individual-based model of the springtail, Folsomia candida, a standard test species for ecotoxicological risk assessment. In the model, individuals were assumed to sense and avoid contaminated habitat with a certain probability that depends on contamination level. Avoidance of contaminated areas thus influenced the individuals' movement and feeding, their exposure, and in turn all other biological processes underlying population dynamics. Model rules and parameters were based on data from the literature, or were determined via pattern-oriented modelling. The model correctly predicted several patterns that were not used for model design and calibration. Simulation results showed that the ability of the individuals to detect and avoid the toxicant, combined with the presence of clean habitat patches which act as "refuges", made equilibrium population size due to toxic effects less sensitive to increases in toxicant concentration. Additionally, the level of heterogeneity among patches of soil (i.e. the difference in concentration) was important: at the same average concentration, a homogeneously contaminated scenario was the least favourable habitat, while higher levels of heterogeneity corresponded to higher population growth rate and equilibrium size. Our model can thus be used as a tool for extrapolating from short-term effects at the individual level to long-term effects at the population level under more realistic conditions. It can thus be used to develop and extrapolate from standard ecotoxicological tests in the laboratory to ecological risk assessments.
KW  - Avoidance
KW  - Folsomia candida
KW  - Copper
KW  - Heterogeneity
KW  - Pattern-oriented modelling
KW  - Soil ecology
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.010
SN  - 0304-3800
VL  - 250
IS  - 1
SP  - 338
EP  - 351
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bhabak, Krishna P.
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Huwiler, Andrea
A1  - Arenz, Christoph
T1  - Effective inhibition of acid and neutral ceramidases by novel B-13 and LCL-464 analogues
JF  - Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry : a Tetrahedron publication for the rapid dissemination of full original research papers and critical reviews on biomolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry and related disciplines
N2  - Induction of apoptosis mediated by the inhibition of ceramidases has been shown to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in several cancer models. Among the inhibitors of ceramidases reported in the literature, B-13 is considered as a lead compound having good in vitro potency towards acid ceramidase. Furthermore, owing to the poor activity of B-13 on lysosoamal acid ceramidase in living cells, LCL-464 a modified derivative of B-13 containing a basic omega-amino group at the fatty acid was reported to have higher potency towards lysosomal acid ceramidase in living cells. In a search for more potent inhibitors of ceramidases, we have designed a series of compounds with structural modifications of B-13 and LCL-464. In this study, we show that the efficacy of B-13 in vitro as well as in intact cells can be enhanced by suitable modification of functional groups. Furthermore, a detailed SAR investigation on LCL-464 analogues revealed novel promising inhibitors of aCDase and nCDase. In cell culture studies using the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, some of the newly developed compounds elevated endogenous ceramide levels and in parallel, also induced apoptotic cell death. In summary, this study shows that structural modification of the known ceramidase inhibitors B-13 and LCL-464 generates more potent ceramidase inhibitors that are active in intact cells and not only elevates the cellular ceramide levels, but also enhances cell death.
KW  - Sphingolipids
KW  - Ceramide
KW  - Ceramidase inhibitors
KW  - Structure-activity-relationship
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.014
SN  - 0968-0896
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 874
EP  - 882
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pieplow, Gregor
A1  - Henkel, Carsten
T1  - Fully covariant radiation force on a polarizable particle
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - The electromagnetic force on a polarizable particle is calculated in a covariant framework. Local equilibrium temperatures for the electromagnetic field and the particle's dipole moment are assumed, using a relativistic formulation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Two examples illustrate radiative friction forces: a particle moving through a homogeneous radiation background and above a planar interface. Previous results for arbitrary relative velocities are recovered in a compact way.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023027
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sirocko, Frank
A1  - Dietrich, Stephan
A1  - Veres, Daniel
A1  - Grootes, Pieter M.
A1  - Schaber-Mohr, Katja
A1  - Seelos, Klemens
A1  - Nadeau, Marie-Josee
A1  - Kromer, Bernd
A1  - Rothacker, Leo
A1  - Roehner, Marieke
A1  - Krbetschek, Matthias
A1  - Appleby, Peter G.
A1  - Hambach, Ulrich
A1  - Rolf, Christian
A1  - Sudo, Masafumi
A1  - Grim, Stephanie
T1  - Multi-proxy dating of Holocene maar lakes and Pleistocene dry maar sediments in the Eifel, Germany
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - During the last twelve years the ELSA Project (Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive) at Mainz University has drilled a total of about 52 cores from 27 maar lakes and filled-in maar basins in the Eifel/Germany. Dating has been completed for the Holocene cores using 6 different methods (Pb-210 and Cs-137 activities, palynostratigraphy, event markers, varve counting, C-14) In general, the different methods consistently complement one another within error margins. Event correlation was used for relating typical lithological changes with historically known events such as the two major Holocene flood events at 1342 AD and ca 800 BC. Dating of MIS2-MIS3 core sections is based on greyscale tuning, radiocarbon and OSL dating, magnetostratigraphy and tephrochronology. The lithological changes in the sediment cores demonstrate a sequence of events similar to the North Atlantic rapid climate variability of the Last Glacial Cycle. The warmest of the MIS3 interstadials was GI14, when a forest with abundant spruce covered the Eifel area from 55 to 48 ka BP, i.e. during a time when also other climate archives in Europe suggested very warm conditions. The forest of this "Early Stage 3 warm phase" developed subsequently into a steppe with scattered birch and pine, and finally into a glacial desert at around 25 ka BP. Evidence for Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions is found in two long cores. Several large eruptions during Middle and Late Pleistocene (Ulmener Maar - 11,000 varve years BP, Laacher See - 12,900 varve years BP, Mosenberg volcanoes/Meerfelder Maar 41-45 cal ka BP, Dumpel Maar 116 ka BP, Glees Maar - 151 ka BP) produced distinct ash-layers crucial for inter-core and inter-site correlations. The oldest investigated maar of the Eifel is Ar-40/Ar-39 dated to the time older than 520 ka BP.
KW  - Eifel maar
KW  - Laminated lake sediments
KW  - Tuning
KW  - Historical events
KW  - C-14-derived chronology
KW  - Varve counting
KW  - Luminescence dating
KW  - Palynostratigraphy
KW  - (CS)-C-137 and Pb-210 dating
KW  - Palaeomagnetism
KW  - Tephrostratigraphy
KW  - Argon-Argon dating
KW  - GIS
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.011
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 62
SP  - 56
EP  - 76
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gorum, Tolga
A1  - van Westen, Cees J.
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - van der Meijde, Mark
A1  - Fan, Xuanmei
A1  - van der Meer, Freek D.
T1  - Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of
 mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake
JF  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
N2  - The 12 January 2010 M-w 7.0 Haiti earthquake occurred in a complex deformation zone at the boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Combined geodetic, geological and seismological data posited that surface deformation was driven by rupture on the Leogane blind thrust fault, while part of the rupture occurred as deep lateral slip on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault (EPGF). The earthquake triggered >4490 landslides, mainly shallow, disrupted rock falls, debris-soil falls and slides, and a few lateral spreads, over an area of similar to 2150 km(2). The regional distribution of these slope failures defies those of most similar earthquake-triggered landslide episodes reported previously. Most of the coseismic landslides did not proliferate in the hanging wall of the main rupture, but clustered instead at the junction of the blind Leogane and EPGF ruptures, where topographic relief and hillslope steepness are above average. Also, low-relief areas subjected to high coseismic uplift were prone to lesser hanging wall slope instability than previous studies would suggest. We argue that a combined effect of complex rupture dynamics and topography primarily control this previously rarely documented landslide pattern. Compared to recent thrust fault-earthquakes of similar magnitudes elsewhere, we conclude that lower static stress drop, mean fault displacement, and blind ruptures of the 2010 Haiti earthquake resulted in fewer, smaller, and more symmetrically distributed landslides than previous studies would suggest. Our findings caution against overly relying on across-the-board models of slope stability response to seismic ground shaking. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Thrust fault
KW  - Fault rupture dynamics
KW  - Topography
KW  - Haiti
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.027
SN  - 0169-555X
VL  - 184
SP  - 127
EP  - 138
PB  - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
CY  - AMSTERDAM
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mirskova, Anna N.
A1  - Adamovich, Sergey N.
A1  - Mirskov, Rudolf G.
A1  - Schilde, Uwe
T1  - Reaction of pharmacological active tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium
 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate with ZnCl2 or NiCl2: first conversion of a
 protic ionic liquid into metallated ionic liquid
JF  - CHEMISTRY CENTRAL JOURNAL
N2  - The reaction of pharmacological active protic ionic liquid tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate H+N(CH2CH2OH)(3) center dot (-OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4) (1) with zinc or nickel chloride in a ratio of 2:1 affords stable at room temperature powder-like adducts [H+N(CH2CH2OH)(3)](2) center dot [M(OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4)(2)Cl-2](2-), M = Zn (2), Ni (3). By recrystallization from aqueous alcohol compound 2 unexpectedly gives Zn(OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4)(2) center dot 2H(2)O (4). Unlike 2, compound 3 gives crystals [N(CH2CH2OH)(3)](2)Ni2+ center dot [-OOCCH2SC6H4Cl-4](2) (5), which have a structure of metallated ionic liquid. The structure of 5 has been proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. It is the first example of the conversion of a protic ionic liquid into potentially biological active metallated ionic liquid (1 -> 3 -> 5).
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-7-34
SN  - 1752-153X
VL  - 7
PB  - BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
CY  - LONDON
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dahl, Jan-Ulrik
A1  - Radon, Christin
A1  - Bühning, Martin
A1  - Nimtz, Manfred
A1  - Leichert, Lars I.
A1  - Denis, Yann
A1  - Jourlin-Castelli, Cecile
A1  - Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal
A1  - Mejean, Vincent
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The Sulfur Carrier Protein TusA Has a Pleiotropic Role in Escherichia
 coli That Also Affects Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis
JF  - JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
N2  - The Escherichia coli L-cysteine desulfurase IscS mobilizes sulfur from L-cysteine for the synthesis of several biomolecules such as iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters, molybdopterin, thiamin, lipoic acid, biotin, and the thiolation of tRNAs. The sulfur transfer from IscS to various biomolecules is mediated by different interaction partners (e.g. TusA for thiomodification of tRNAs, IscU for FeS cluster biogenesis, and ThiI for thiamine biosynthesis/tRNA thiolation), which bind at different sites of IscS. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies of a Delta tusA strain showed that the expression of genes of the moaABCDE operon coding for proteins involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis is increased under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Additionally, under anaerobic conditions the expression of genes encoding hydrogenase 3 and several molybdoenzymes such as nitrate reductase were also increased. On the contrary, the activity of all molydoenzymes analyzed was significantly reduced in the Delta tusA mutant. Characterization of the Delta tusA strain under aerobic conditions showed an overall low molybdopterin content and an accumulation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate. Under anaerobic conditions the activity of nitrate reductase was reduced by only 50%, showing that TusA is not essential for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. We present a model in which we propose that the direction of sulfur transfer for each sulfur-containing biomolecule is regulated by the availability of the interaction partner of IscS. We propose that in the absence of TusA, more IscS is available for FeS cluster biosynthesis and that the overproduction of FeS clusters leads to a modified expression of several genes.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.431569
SN  - 0021-9258
VL  - 288
IS  - 8
SP  - 5426
EP  - 5442
PB  - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
CY  - BETHESDA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Inal, Sahika
A1  - Koelsch, Jonas D.
A1  - Chiappisi, Leonardo
A1  - Kraft, Mario
A1  - Gutacker, Andrea
A1  - Janietz, Dietmar
A1  - Scherf, Ullrich
A1  - Gradzielski, Michael
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Temperature-Regulated Fluorescence Characteristics of Supramolecular
 Assemblies Formed By a Smart Polymer and a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte
JF  - MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
N2  - Aqueous mixtures of a coumarin-labeled non-ionic thermoresponsive copolymer and a cationic polythiophene exhibit marked changes in their fluorescence properties upon heating. At room temperature, emission from the label is significantly quenched due to energy transfer to the conjugated polyelectrolyte. Heating the mixture reduces the energy-transfer efficiency markedly, resulting in a clearly visible change of the emission color. Although the two macromolecules associate strongly at room temperature, the number of interacting sites is largely reduced upon the phase transition. Crucially, the intermolecular association does not suppress the responsiveness of the smart polymer, meaning that this concept should be applicable to chemo- or bioresponsive polymers with optical read-out, for example, as a sensor device.
KW  - aqueous solutions
KW  - conjugated polyelectrolytes
KW  - fluorescence (or Forster)
KW  - resonance energy transfer
KW  - phase transitions
KW  - thermoresponsive polymers
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201200493
SN  - 1022-1352
VL  - 214
IS  - 4
SP  - 435
EP  - 445
PB  - WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
CY  - WEINHEIM
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Winkler, M.
A1  - Kofod, G.
A1  - Krastev, R.
A1  - Stoeckle, S.
A1  - Abel, M. W.
T1  - Exponentially Fast Thinning of Nanoscale Films by Turbulent Mixing
JF  - PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
N2  - Films are nanoscopic elements of foams, emulsions, and suspensions that form a paradigm for nanochannel transport that eventually tests the limits of hydrodynamic descriptions. Here, we study the collapse of a freestanding film to its equilibrium. The generation of nanoscale films usually is a slow linear process; using thermal forcing we find unprecedented dynamics with exponentially fast thinning. The complex interplay of thermal convection, interface, and gravitational forces yields optimal turbulent mixing and transport. Domains of collapsed film are generated, elongated, and convected in a beautiful display of chaotic mixing. With a time scale analysis, we identify mixing as the dominant dynamical process responsible for exponential thinning. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.094501
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.094501
SN  - 0031-9007
VL  - 110
IS  - 9
PB  - AMER PHYSICAL SOC
CY  - COLLEGE PK
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schick, Daniel
A1  - Bojahr, Andre
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Gaal, P.
A1  - Vrejoiu, I.
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Following Strain-Induced Mosaicity Changes of Ferroelectric Thin Films by Ultrafast Reciprocal Space Mapping
JF  - Physical review letters
N2  - We investigate coherent phonon propagation in a thin film of ferroelectric PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) by ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments, which are analyzed as time-resolved reciprocal space mapping in order to observe the in-and out-of-plane structural dynamics, simultaneously. The mosaic structure of the PZT leads to a coupling of the excited out-of-plane expansion to in-plane lattice dynamics on a picosecond time scale, which is not observed for out-of-plane compression.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.095502
SN  - 0031-9007
SN  - 1079-7114
VL  - 110
IS  - 9
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eliazar, Iddo
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Anomalous statistics of random relaxations in random environments
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - We comprehensively analyze the emergence of anomalous statistics in the context of the random relaxation ( RARE) model [Eliazar and Metzler, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 234106 ( 2012)], a recently introduced versatile model of random relaxations in random environments. The RARE model considers excitations scattered randomly across a metric space around a reaction center. The excitations react randomly with the center, the reaction rates depending on the excitations' distances from this center. Relaxation occurs upon the first reaction between an excitation and the center. Addressing both the relaxation time and the relaxation range, we explore when these random variables display anomalous statistics, namely, heavy tails at zero and at infinity that manifest, respectively, exceptionally high occurrence probabilities of very small and very large outliers. A cohesive set of closed-form analytic results is established, determining precisely when such anomalous statistics emerge.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.022141
SN  - 1539-3755
SN  - 1550-2376
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Feudel, Fred
A1  - Seehafer, Norbert
A1  - Tuckerman, Laurette S.
A1  - Gellert, Marcus
T1  - Multistability in rotating spherical shell convection
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - The multiplicity of stable convection patterns in a rotating spherical fluid shell heated from the inner boundary and driven by a central gravity field is presented. These solution branches that arise as rotating waves (RWs) are traced for varying Rayleigh number while their symmetry, stability, and bifurcations are studied. At increased Rayleigh numbers all the RWs undergo transitions to modulated rotating waves (MRWs) which are classified by their spatiotemporal symmetry. The generation of a third frequency for some of the MRWs is accompanied by a further loss of symmetry. Eventually a variety of MRWs, three-frequency solutions, and chaotic saddles and attractors control the dynamics for higher Rayleigh numbers.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.023021
SN  - 1539-3755
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lin, Yue
A1  - Berger, Uta
A1  - Grimm, Volker
A1  - Huth, Franka
A1  - Weiner, Jacob
T1  - Plant interactions alter the predictions of metabolic scaling theory
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Metabolic scaling theory (MST) is an attempt to link physiological processes of individual organisms with macroecology. It predicts a power law relationship with an exponent of -4/3 between mean individual biomass and density during density-dependent mortality (self-thinning). Empirical tests have produced variable results, and the validity of MST is intensely debated. MST focuses on organisms' internal physiological mechanisms but we hypothesize that ecological interactions can be more important in determining plant mass-density relationships induced by density. We employ an individual-based model of plant stand development that includes three elements: a model of individual plant growth based on MST, different modes of local competition (size-symmetric vs. -asymmetric), and different resource levels. Our model is consistent with the observed variation in the slopes of self-thinning trajectories. Slopes were significantly shallower than -4/3 if competition was size-symmetric. We conclude that when the size of survivors is influenced by strong ecological interactions, these can override predictions of MST, whereas when surviving plants are less affected by interactions, individual-level metabolic processes can scale up to the population level. MST, like thermodynamics or biomechanics, sets limits within which organisms can live and function, but there may be stronger limits determined by ecological interactions. In such cases MST will not be predictive.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057612
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauer, Barbara
A1  - Sommer, Ulrich
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - High predictability of spring phytoplankton biomass in mesocosms at the species, functional group and community level
JF  - Freshwater biology
N2  - 1. Models aim to predict phytoplankton dynamics based on observed initial conditions and a set of equations and parameters. However, our knowledge about initial conditions in nature is never perfect. Thus, if phytoplankton dynamics are sensitive to small variations in initial conditions, they are difficult to predict. 2. We used time-series data from indoor mesocosm experiments with natural phyto- and zooplankton communities to quantify the extent to which small initial differences in the species, functional group and community biomass in parallel treatments were amplified or buffered over time. We compared the differences in dynamics between replicates and among all mesocosms of 1year. 3. Temperature-sensitive grazing during the exponential growth phase of phytoplankton caused divergence. In contrast, negative density dependence caused convergence. 4. Mean differences in biomass between replicates were similar for all hierarchical levels. This indicates that differences in their initial conditions were amplified to the same extent. Even though large differences in biomass occasionally occurred between replicates for a short time, dynamics returned to the same path at all hierarchical levels. This suggests that internal feedback mechanisms make the spring development of phytoplankton highly predictable.
KW  - divergence
KW  - hierarchical level
KW  - mesocosms
KW  - predictability
KW  - replicates
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02780.x
SN  - 0046-5070
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
SP  - 588
EP  - 596
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zakharova, A.
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
A1  - Koseska, Aneta
T1  - Dimensionality reduction of bistable biological systems
JF  - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology
N2  - Time hierarchies, arising as a result of interactions between system's components, represent a ubiquitous property of dynamical biological systems. In addition, biological systems have been attributed switch-like properties modulating the response to various stimuli across different organisms and environmental conditions. Therefore, establishing the interplay between these features of system dynamics renders itself a challenging question of practical interest in biology. Existing methods are suitable for systems with one stable steady state employed as a well-defined reference. In such systems, the characterization of the time hierarchies has already been used for determining the components that contribute to the dynamics of biological systems. However, the application of these methods to bistable nonlinear systems is impeded due to their inherent dependence on the reference state, which in this case is no longer unique. Here, we extend the applicability of the reference-state analysis by proposing, analyzing, and applying a novel method, which allows investigation of the time hierarchies in systems exhibiting bistability. The proposed method is in turn used in identifying the components, other than reactions, which determine the systemic dynamical properties. We demonstrate that in biological systems of varying levels of complexity and spanning different biological levels, the method can be effectively employed for model simplification while ensuring preservation of qualitative dynamical properties (i.e., bistability). Finally, by establishing a connection between techniques from nonlinear dynamics and multivariate statistics, the proposed approach provides the basis for extending reference-based analysis to bistable systems.
KW  - Bistability
KW  - Time-scales hierarchy
KW  - Similarity transformation
KW  - Canonical correlation analysis
KW  - Dimensionality reduction
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-013-9807-8
SN  - 0092-8240
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
SP  - 373
EP  - 392
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
A1  - Sun, W.
A1  - Evans, C. J.
A1  - Henault-Brunet, V.
A1  - Chu, Y.-H.
A1  - Gallagher, J. S.
A1  - Guerrero, Martín A.
A1  - Gruendl, R. A.
A1  - Güdel, M.
A1  - Silich, S.
A1  - Chen, Y.
A1  - Naze, Y.
A1  - Hainich, Rainer
A1  - Reyes-Iturbide, J.
T1  - Discovery of x-ray emission from young suns in the small magellanic  cloud
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We report the discovery of extended X-ray emission within the young star cluster NGC 602a in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) based on observations obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. X-ray emission is detected from the cluster core area with the highest stellar density and from a dusty ridge surrounding the H II region. We use a census of massive stars in the cluster to demonstrate that a cluster wind or wind-blown bubble is unlikely to provide a significant contribution to the X-ray emission detected from the central area of the cluster. We therefore suggest that X-ray emission at the cluster core originates from an ensemble of low-and solar-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, each of which would be too weak in X-rays to be detected individually. We attribute the X-ray emission from the dusty ridge to the embedded tight cluster of the newborn stars known in this area from infrared studies. Assuming that the levels of X-ray activity in young stars in the low-metallicity environment of NGC 602a are comparable to their Galactic counterparts, then the detected spatial distribution, spectral properties, and level of X-ray emission are largely consistent with those expected from low-and solar-mass PMS stars and young stellar objects (YSOs). This is the first discovery of X-ray emission attributable to PMS stars and YSOs in the SMC, which suggests that the accretion and dynamo processes in young, low-mass objects in the SMC resemble those in the Galaxy.
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - ISM: bubbles
KW  - H II regions
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - X-rays: stars
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/73
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 765
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kroll, Alexander
T1  - The other type of performance information - nonroutine feedback, its relevance and use
JF  - Public administration review
N2  - The literature on performance information use explains how public managers deal with mainly quantitative data that are systematically collected and formally reported. This article argues that such a narrow understanding is incomplete, as it excludes all kinds of nonroutine performance information, including verbal, ad hoc, and qualitative feedback. To understand how responsive public managers are to performance feedback, alternative sources of performance information need to be taken into account. A literature review suggests considering two important sources of nonroutine feedback: organizational insiders and relevant external stakeholders. Using survey data from German local government, this article shows that public managers prefer to use nonroutine feedback over routine data from performance reports. Furthermore, a regression analysis indicates that different sources of performance information require different determinants to trigger their use. This finding is essential because it suggests that explanations of performance information use can covary with the information source studied.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02648.x
SN  - 0033-3352
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 265
EP  - 276
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Speck, Janina
A1  - Räuber, Christina
A1  - Kükenshöner, Tim
A1  - Niemöller, Christoph
A1  - Mueller, Katelyn J.
A1  - Schleberger, Paula
A1  - Dondapati, Padmarupa
A1  - Hecky, Jochen
A1  - Arndt, Katja Maren
A1  - Müller, Kristian M.
T1  - TAT hitchhiker selection expanded to folding helpers, multimeric interactions and combinations with protein fragment complementation
JF  - Protein engineering design & selection
N2  - The twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane mediates translocation only of proteins that accomplished a native-like conformation. We deploy this feature in modular selection systems for directed evolution, in which folding helpers as well as dimeric or oligomeric proteinprotein interactions enable TAT-dependent translocation of the resistance marker TEM -lactamase (L). Specifically, we demonstrate and analyze selection of (i) enhancers for folding by direct TAT translocation selection of a target protein interposed between the TorA signal sequence and L, (ii) dimeric or oligomeric proteinprotein interactions by hitchhiker translocation (HiT) selection of proteins fused to the TorA signal sequence and to the L, respectively and (iii) heterotrimeric proteinprotein interactions by combining HiT with protein fragment complementation selection of proteins fused to two split L fragments and TorA, respectively. The lactamase fragments were additionally engineered for improved activity and stability. Applicability was benchmarked with interaction partners of known affinity and multimerization whereby cellular fitness correlated well with biophysical protein properties. Ultimately, the HiT selection was employed to identify peptides, which specifically bind to leukemia- and melanoma-relevant target proteins (MITF and ETO) by coiled-coil or tetra-helix-bundle formation with high affinity. The various versions of TAT selection led to inhibiting peptides (iPEPs) of disease-promoting interactions and enabled so far difficult to achieve selections.
KW  - HiT selection
KW  - NHR2
KW  - TAT selection
KW  - three hybrid
KW  - two hybrid
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzs098
SN  - 1741-0126
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 225
EP  - 242
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, H.
A1  - Seiß, Martin
A1  - Spahn, Frank
T1  - Vertical relaxation of a moonlet propeller in Saturn's a ring
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2  - Two images, taken by the Cassini spacecraft near Saturn's equinox in 2009 August, show the Earhart propeller casting a 350 km long shadow, offering the opportunity to watch how the ring height, excited by the propeller moonlet, relaxes to an equilibrium state. From the shape of the shadow cast and a model of the azimuthal propeller height relaxation, we determine the exponential cooling constant of this process to be lambda = 0.07 +/- 0.02 km(-1), and thereby determine the collision frequency of the ring particles in the vertically excited region of the propeller to be omega(c)/Omega = 0.9 +/- 0.2.
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (Saturn)
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L4
SN  - 2041-8205
VL  - 765
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linklater, Wayne L.
A1  - Mayer, Katharina
A1  - Swaisgood, Ronald R.
T1  - Chemical signals of age, sex and identity in black rhinoceros
JF  - Animal behaviour
N2  - Olfactory communication may be particularly important to black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, because they are solitary living and have comparatively poor eyesight but their populations are structured by inter-and intrasexual relationships. Understanding olfactory functions and processes might achieve better conservation management but their study in rhinoceros remains anecdotal or descriptive. Experimental approaches are required but rarely possible as rhinoceros are difficult to observe and manipulate. We measured the olfactory investigation behaviour (duration and frequency of sniffing) of black rhinoceros in four experiments designed to determine the function of chemosignals in dung and urine. A habituationedishabituation trial demonstrated that black rhinoceros discriminated individually distinctive odours from faecal signals (experiment 1). When adults (>6 years old) were presented with dung from conspecifics of different sex and age classes (adult, and subadult from 2 to 4 years old), male dung was investigated more by both sexes, and females investigated subadult dung more (experiment 2). Both dung and urine from the same adult donors were investigated by both sexes, but male dung was investigated more than female dung and female urine more than male urine, although differences were statistically weak (experiment 3). Lastly, fresh faecal samples and those aged 1, 2, 4, 16 and 32 days were similarly investigated, indicating that they still function as olfactory signals. Together the results indicate that dung or urine signalled age, sex and identity to conspecifics and signals may persist as dung decays. Chemosignals are likely to be important to the social and spatial organization of black rhinoceros.
KW  - black rhinoceros
KW  - Diceros bicornis var. minor
KW  - dung
KW  - faeces
KW  - hook-lipped rhinoceros
KW  - individual discrimination
KW  - olfactory communication
KW  - signal
KW  - urine
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.034
SN  - 0003-3472
VL  - 85
IS  - 3
SP  - 671
EP  - 677
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - McDonald, Scott A.
T1  - How preview space/time translates into preview cost/benefit for fixation durations during reading
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Eye-movement control during reading depends on foveal and parafoveal information. If the parafoveal preview of the next word is suppressed, reading is less efficient. A linear mixed model (LMM) reanalysis of McDonald (2006) confirmed his observation that preview benefit may be limited to parafoveal words that have been selected as the saccade target. Going beyond the original analyses, in the same LMM, we examined how the preview effect (i.e., the difference in single-fixation duration, SFD, between random-letter and identical preview) depends on the gaze duration on the pretarget word and on the amplitude of the saccade moving the eye onto the target word. There were two key results: (a) The shorter the saccade amplitude (i.e., the larger preview space), the shorter a subsequent SFD with an identical preview; this association was not observed with a random-letter preview. (b) However, the longer the gaze duration on the pretarget word, the longer the subsequent SFD on the target, with the difference between random-letter string and identical previews increasing with preview time. A third patternincreasing cost of a random-letter string in the parafovea associated with shorter saccade amplitudeswas observed for target gaze durations. Thus, LMMs revealed that preview effects, which are typically summarized under preview benefit, are a complex mixture of preview cost and preview benefit and vary with preview space and preview time. The consequence for reading is that parafoveal preview may not only facilitate, but also interfere with lexical access.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Preview effects
KW  - Linear mixed model
KW  - Boundary paradigm
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.658073
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
SP  - 581
EP  - 600
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wotschack, Christiane
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Reading strategy modulates parafoveal-on-foveal effects in sentence reading
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Task demands and individual differences have been linked reliably to word skipping during reading. Such differences in fixation probability may imply a selection effect for multivariate analyses of eye-movement corpora if selection effects correlate with word properties of skipped words. For example, with fewer fixations on short and highly frequent words the power to detect parafoveal-on-foveal effects is reduced. We demonstrate that increasing the fixation probability on function words with a manipulation of the expected difficulty and frequency of questions reduces an age difference in skipping probability (i.e., old adults become comparable to young adults) and helps to uncover significant parafoveal-on-foveal effects in this group of old adults. We discuss implications for the comparison of results of eye-movement research based on multivariate analysis of corpus data with those from display-contingent manipulations of target words.
KW  - Fixational selectivity
KW  - Parafoveal-on-foveal effects
KW  - Reading strategy
KW  - Distributed processing
KW  - Eye movements in reading
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.625094
SN  - 1747-0218
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
SP  - 548
EP  - 562
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ghahghaei, Saeideh
A1  - Linnell, Karina J.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Dubey, Amit
A1  - Davis, Robert
T1  - Effects of load on the time course of attentional engagement, disengagement, and orienting in reading
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - We examined how the frequency of the fixated word influences the spatiotemporal distribution of covert attention during reading. Participants discriminated gaze-contingent probes that occurred with different spatial and temporal offsets from randomly chosen fixation points during reading. We found that attention was initially focused at fixation and that subsequent defocusing was slower when the fixated word was lower in frequency. Later in a fixation, attention oriented more towards the next saccadic target for high- than for low-frequency words. These results constitute the first report of the time course of the effect of load on attentional engagement and orienting in reading. They are discussed in the context of serial and parallel models of reading.
KW  - Attention
KW  - Load
KW  - Reading
KW  - Time course
KW  - Word frequency
KW  - Engagement
KW  - Disengagement
KW  - Orienting
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.635795
SN  - 1747-0218
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
SP  - 453
EP  - 470
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
A1  - Gollhofer, Albert
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults
JF  - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA
N2  - Muehlbauer, T, Gollhofer, A, and Granacher, U. Association of balance, strength, and power measures in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 27(3): 582-589, 2013-The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between variables of static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power. Twenty-seven young healthy adults (mean age: 23 6 4 years) performed measurements of static (unperturbed)/dynamic (perturbed) balance, isometric strength (i.e., maximal isometric torque [MIT]; rate of torque development [RTD] of the plantar flexor), and power (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height and power). No significant associations were found between variables of static and dynamic balance (r = -0.090 to + 0.329, p > 0.05) and between measures of static/dynamic balance and isometric strength (r = +0.041 to +0.387, p > 0.05) and static/dynamic balance and power (r = -0.076 to + 0.218, p > 0.05). Significant positive correlations (r) were detected between variables of power and isometric strength ranging from +0.458 to +0.689 (p, 0.05). Furthermore, simple regression analyses revealed that a 10% increase in mean CMJ height (4.1 cm) was associated with 22.9 N.m and 128.4 N.m.s(-1) better MIT and RTD, respectively. The nonsignificant correlation between static and dynamic balance measures and between static/dynamic balance, isometric strength, and power variables implies that these capacities may be independent of each other and may have to be tested and trained complementarily.
KW  - static/dynamic postural control
KW  - maximal isometric torque
KW  - rate of torque development
KW  - jump height/power
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/JSC.0b013e31825c2bab
SN  - 1064-8011
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 582
EP  - 589
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richter, Dania
A1  - Schröder-Esselbach, Boris
A1  - Hartmann, Niklas K.
A1  - Matuschka, Franz-Rainer
T1  - Spatial stratification of various Lyme disease spirochetes in a Central European site
JF  - FEMS microbiology ecology
N2  - To determine whether the genospecies composition of Lyme disease spirochetes is spatially stratified, we collected questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in neighboring plots where rodents, birds, and lizards were present as reservoir host and compared the prevalence of various genospecies. The overall prevalence of spirochetes in questing ticks varied across the study site. Borrelia lusitaniae appeared to infect adult ticks in one plot at the same frequency as did Borrelia afzelii in the other plots. The relative density of questing nymphal and adult ticks varied profoundly. Where lizards were exceedingly abundant, these vertebrates seemed to constitute the dominant host for nymphal ticks, contributing the majority of infected adult ticks. Because lizards support solely B.lusitaniae and appear to exclude other genospecies, their narrow genospecies association results in predominance of B.lusitaniae in sites where lizards are abundant, while limiting its spread to the host's habitat range. To the extent that Central European B.lusitaniae strains are nonpathogenic, the presence of numerous lizards should locally decrease risk of infection for people. Evaluation of regional risk of infection by Lyme disease spirochetes should take the spatial effect of hosts into consideration, which stratify the distribution of specifically infected ticks on a small scale.
KW  - Lyme disease
KW  - Borrelia lusitaniae
KW  - Borrelia afzelii
KW  - stratification
KW  - lizard
KW  - zooprophylaxis
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12029
SN  - 0168-6496
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
SP  - 738
EP  - 744
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eigemann, Falk
A1  - Hilt, Sabine
A1  - Salka, Ivette
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Bacterial community composition associated with freshwater algae  species specificity vs. dependency on environmental conditions and source community
JF  - FEMS microbiology ecology
N2  - We studied bacterial associations with the green alga Desmodesmus armatus and the diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus under changing environmental conditions and bacterial source communities, to evaluate whether bacteriaalgae associations are species-specific or more generalized and determined by external factors. Axenic and xenic algae were incubated in situ with and without allelopathically active macrophytes, and in the laboratory with sterile and nonsterile lake water and an allelochemical, tannic acid (TA). Bacterial community composition (BCC) of algae-associated bacteria was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), nonmetric multidimensional scaling, cluster analyses, and sequencing of DGGE bands. BCC of xenic algal cultures of both species were not significantly affected by changes in their environment or bacterial source community, except in the case of TA additions. Species-specific interactions therefore appear to overrule the effects of environmental conditions and source communities. The BCC of xenic and axenic D.armatus cultures subjected to in situ bacterial colonization, however, had lower similarities (ca.55%), indicating that bacterial precolonization is a strong factor for bacteriaalgae associations irrespective of environmental conditions and source community. Our findings emphasize the ecological importance of species-specific bacteriaalgae associations with important repercussions for other processes, such as the remineralization of nutrients, and organic matter dynamics.
KW  - allelopathy
KW  - bacteriaalgae associations
KW  - heterotrophic bacteria
KW  - species-specific
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12022
SN  - 0168-6496
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
SP  - 650
EP  - 663
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Espe, Katharina M.
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Henze, Andrea
A1  - Blouin, Katja
A1  - Schneider, Andreas
A1  - Schmiedeke, Daniel
A1  - Krane, Vera
A1  - Pilz, Stefan
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Wanner, Christoph
A1  - Drechsler, Christiane
T1  - Low plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and adverse clinical outcomes in diabetic hemodialysis patients
JF  - Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology
N2  - Background and objectives Trials with the antioxidant vitamin E have failed to show benefit in the general population. Considering the different causes of death in ESRD, this study investigated the association between plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and specific clinical outcomes in diabetic hemodialysis patients.
 Design, settings, participants, & measurements In 1046 diabetic hemodialysis patients (participants of the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study), alpha-tocopherol was measured in plasma by reversed-phase HPLC. By Cox regression analyses, hazard ratios were determined for prespecified end points according to baseline plasma alpha-tocopherol levels: sudden death (n=134), myocardial infarction (n=172), stroke (n=89), combined cardiovascular events (n=398), fatal infection (n=107), and all-cause mortality (n=508).
 Results Patients had a mean age of 66 8 years, and mean plasma alpha-tocopherol level was 22.8+/-9.6 mu mol/L. Levels of alpha-tocopherol were highly correlated to triglycerides (r=0.63, P<0.001). Patients in the lowest alpha-tocopherol quartile had (in unadjusted analyses) a 79% higher risk of stroke and a 31% higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with patients in the highest quartile. The associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio(stroke)=1.56, 95% confidence interval=0.75-3.25; hazard ratio(mortality)=1.22, 95% confidence interval=0.89-1.69, respectively). There was no association between alpha-tocopherol and myocardial infarction, sudden death, or infectious death.
 Conclusions Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were not independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes, infectious deaths, or all-cause mortality in diabetic hemodialysis patients. The lack of association can partly be explained by a confounding influence of malnutrition, which should be considered in the planning of trials to reduce cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.04880511
SN  - 1555-9041
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 452
EP  - 458
PB  - American Society of Nephrology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hass, Roland
A1  - Münzberg, Marvin
A1  - Bressel, Lena
A1  - Reich, Oliver
T1  - Industrial applications of photon density wave spectroscopy for in-line particle sizing [Invited]
JF  - Applied optics
N2  - Optical spectroscopy in highly turbid liquid material is often restricted by simultaneous occurrence of absorption and scattering of light. Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy is one of the very few, yet widely unknown, technologies for the independent quantification of these two optical processes. Here, a concise overview about modern PDW spectroscopy is given, including all necessary equations concerning the optical description of the investigated material, dependent light scattering, particle sizing, and PDW spectroscopy itself. Additionally, it is shown how the ambiguity in particle sizing, arising from Mie theory, can be correctly solved. Due to its high temporal resolution, its applicability to highest particle concentrations, and its purely fiber-optical probe, PDW spectroscopy possesses all fundamental characteristics for optical in-line process analysis. Several application examples from the chemical industry are presented. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.001423
SN  - 1559-128X
SN  - 2155-3165
VL  - 52
IS  - 7
SP  - 1423
EP  - 1431
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hinzen, Klaus-G
A1  - Reamer, Sharon K.
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
T1  - Slow fourier transform
JF  - Seismological research letters
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120139
SN  - 0895-0695
VL  - 84
IS  - 2
SP  - 251
EP  - 257
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - Albany
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van de Vijver, Ruben
A1  - Baer-Henney, Dinah
T1  - On the role of phonetic motivation and frequency in the acquisition of alternations
JF  - Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik
N2  - On the Role of Phonetic Motivation and Frequency in the Acquisition of Alternations
 German nouns may alternate in two ways: a final word-final voiceless obstruent in the singular may correspond to a voiced one in the plural and a back vowel in the singular may correspond to a front one in the plural. We investigate the role of phonetic motivation and frequency in the acquisition of these alternations. The voicing alternation has a phonetic motivation, but the vowel alternation does not. On the basis of two corpus studies, we conclude that both alternations occur with equal frequency in the ambient language. In two production experiments, one with 5-year-olds and one with adults, we asked both populations to form plurals for given singular words and nonces. The children produce more voicing alternations in nonces than adults and fewer vowel alternations than adults. We conclude that children rely more on phonetic motivation than adults.
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 0049-8653
VL  - 43
IS  - 169
SP  - 49
EP  - 64
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimmermann, Alexander
A1  - Schinn, Dustin S.
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Elsenbeer, Helmut
A1  - Zimmermann, Beate
T1  - Uncovering patterns of near-surface saturated hydraulic conductivity in an overland flow-controlled landscape
JF  - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science
N2  - Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) is an important soil characteristic affecting soil water storage, runoff generation and erosion processes. In some areas where high-intensity rainfall coincides with low K-s values at shallow soil depths, frequent overland flow entails dense drainage networks. Consequently, linear structures such as flowlines alternate with inter-flowline areas. So far, investigations of the spatial variability of K-s mainly relied on isotropic covariance models which are unsuitable to reveal patterns resulting from linear structures. In the present study, we applied two sampling approaches so as to adequately characterize K-s spatial variability in a tropical forest catchment that features a high density of flowlines: A classical nested sampling survey and a purposive sampling strategy adapted to the presence of flowlines. The nested sampling approach revealed the dominance of small-scale variability, which is in line with previous findings. Our purposive sampling, however, detected a strong spatial gradient: surface K-s increased substantially as a function of distance to flowline; 10 m off flowlines, values were similar to the spatial mean of K-s. This deterministic trend can be included as a fixed effect in a linear mixed modeling framework to obtain realistic spatial fields of K-s. In a next step we used probability maps based on those fields and prevailing rainfall intensities to assess the hydrological relevance of the detected pattern. This approach suggests a particularly good agreement between the probability statements of K-s exceedance and observed overland flow occurrence during wet stages of the rainy season.
KW  - Soil hydrology
KW  - Saturated hydraulic conductivity
KW  - Overland flow generation
KW  - Spatial patterns
KW  - Drainage network
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.11.002
SN  - 0016-7061
VL  - 195
IS  - 169
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Carsten M.
A1  - Schurr, Frank Martin
A1  - Nathan, Ran
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Habitat loss and fragmentation affecting mammal and bird communities-The role of interspecific competition and individual space use
JF  - Ecological informatics : an international journal on ecoinformatics and computational ecolog
N2  - Fragmentation and loss of habitat are major threats to animal communities and are therefore important to conservation. Due to the complexity of the interplay of spatial effects and community processes, our mechanistic understanding of how communities respond to such landscape changes is still poor. Modelling studies have mostly focused on elucidating the principles of community response to fragmentation and habitat loss at relatively large spatial and temporal scales relevant to metacommunity dynamics. Yet, it has been shown that also small scale processes, like foraging behaviour, space use by individuals and local resource competition are also important factors. However, most studies that consider these smaller scales are designed for single species and are characterized by high model complexity. Hence, they are not easily applicable to ecological communities of interacting individuals. To fill this gap, we apply an allometric model of individual home range formation to investigate the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on mammal and bird communities, and, in this context, to investigate the role of interspecific competition and individual space use. Results show a similar response of both taxa to habitat loss. Community composition is shifted towards higher frequency of relatively small animals. The exponent and the 95%-quantile of the individual size distribution (ISD, described as a power law distribution) of the emerging communities show threshold behaviour with decreasing habitat area. Fragmentation per se has a similar and strong effect on mammals, but not on birds. The ISDs of bird communities were insensitive to fragmentation at the small scales considered here. These patterns can be explained by competitive release taking place in interacting animal communities, with the exception of bird's buffering response to fragmentation, presumably by adjusting the size of their home ranges. These results reflect consequences of higher mobility of birds compared to mammals of the same size and the importance of considering competitive interaction, particularly for mammal communities, in response to landscape fragmentation. Our allometric approach enables scaling up from individual physiology and foraging behaviour to terrestrial communities, and disentangling the role of individual space use and interspecific competition in controlling the response of mammal and bird communities to landscape changes.
KW  - Allometry
KW  - Body size
KW  - Fractal landscapes
KW  - Foraging movement
KW  - Individual-based model
KW  - Locomotion costs
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.11.015
SN  - 1574-9541
VL  - 14
SP  - 90
EP  - 98
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiertscher, Simon
A1  - Zinke, Jörg
A1  - Schnor, Bettina
T1  - CHERUB power consumption aware cluster resource management
JF  - Cluster computing : the journal of networks, software tools and applications
N2  - This paper presents an evaluation of ACPI energy saving modes, and deduces the design and implementation of an energy saving daemon for clusters called cherub. The design of the cherub daemon is modular and extensible. Since the only requirement is a central approach for resource management, cherub is suited for Server Load Balancing (SLB) clusters managed by dispatchers like Linux Virtual Server (LVS), as well as for High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters. Our experimental results show that cherub's scheduling algorithm works well, i.e. it will save energy, if possible, and avoids state-flapping.
KW  - Green computing
KW  - Cluster computing
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-011-0176-5
SN  - 1386-7857
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 55
EP  - 63
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, J.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
T1  - The average GeV-band emission from gamma-ray bursts
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Aims. We analyze the emission in the 0.3-30 GeV energy range of gamma-ray bursts detected with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We concentrate on bursts that were previously only detected with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor in the keV energy range. These bursts will then be compared to the bursts that were individually detected with the Large Area Telescope at higher energies.
 Methods. To estimate the emission of faint GRBs we used nonstandard analysis methods and sum over many GRBs to find an average signal that is significantly above background level. We used a subsample of 99 GRBs listed in the Burst Catalog from the first two years of observation.
 Results. Although most are not individually detectable, the bursts not detected by the Large Area Telescope on average emit a significant flux in the energy range from 0.3 GeV to 30 GeV, but their cumulative energy fluence is only 8% of that of all GRBs. Likewise, the GeV-to-MeV flux ratio is less and the GeV-band spectra are softer. We confirm that the GeV-band emission lasts much longer than the emission found in the keV energy range. The average allsky energy flux from GRBs in the GeV band is 6.4 x 10(-4) erg cm(-2) yr(-1) or only similar to 4% of the energy flux of cosmic rays above the ankle at 10(18.6) eV.
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - surveys
KW  - gamma-ray burst: general
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220652
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 551
IS  - 1
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hubrig, Swetlana
A1  - Schoeller, M.
A1  - Ilyin, Ilya
A1  - Kharchenko, N. V.
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
A1  - Langer, N.
A1  - Gonzalez, J. F.
A1  - Kholtygin, A. F.
A1  - Briquet, Maryline
T1  - Exploring the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars - II. New magnetic field measurements in cluster and field stars
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Theories on the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars remain poorly developed, because the properties of their magnetic field as function of stellar parameters could not yet be investigated. Additional observations are of utmost importance to constrain the conditions that are conducive to magnetic fields and to determine first trends about their occurrence rate and field strength distribution.
 Aims. To investigate whether magnetic fields in massive stars are ubiquitous or appear only in stars with a specific spectral classification, certain ages, or in a special environment, we acquired 67 new spectropolarimetric observations for 30 massive stars. Among the observed sample, roughly one third of the stars are probable members of clusters at different ages, whereas the remaining stars are field stars not known to belong to any cluster or association.
 Methods. Spectropolarimetric observations were obtained during four different nights using the low-resolution spectropolarimetric mode of FOcal Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS 2) mounted on the 8-m Antu telescope of the VLT. Furthermore, we present a number of follow-up observations carried out with the high-resolution spectropolarimeters SOFIN mounted at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and HARPS mounted at the ESO 3.6 m between 2008 and 2011. To assess the membership in open clusters and associations, we used astrometric catalogues with the highest quality kinematic and photometric data currently available.
 Results. The presence of a magnetic field is confirmed in nine stars previously observed with FORS 1/2: HD36879, HD47839, CPD-28 2561, CPD-47 2963, HD93843, HD148937, HD149757, HD328856, and HD164794. New magnetic field detections at a significance level of at least 3 sigma were achieved in five stars: HD92206c, HD93521, HD93632, CPD-46 8221, and HD157857. Among the stars with a detected magnetic field, five stars belong to open clusters with high membership probability. According to previous kinematic studies, five magnetic O-type stars in our sample are candidate runaway stars.
KW  - polarization
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - stars: magnetic field
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - open clusters and associations: general
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220721
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 551
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O&rsquo
A1  - C., 
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M-H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J-P
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C-C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - de Ona Wilhelmi, E.
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P-O
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J-P
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H-S
T1  - Search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Galactic globular
 clusters with HESS
JF  - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
N2  - Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are established emitters of high-energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray radiation which could originate from the cumulative emission of the numerous millisecond pulsars (msPSRs) in the clusters&rsquo; cores or from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic leptons accelerated in the GC environment. These stellar clusters could also constitute a new class of sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime, judging from the recent detection of a signal from the direction of Terzan 5 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. Aims. To search for VHE gamma-ray sources associated with other GCs, and to put constraints on leptonic emission models, we systematically analyzed the observations towards 15 GCs taken with the H. E. S. S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We searched for point-like and extended VHE gamma-ray emission from each GC in our sample and also performed a stacking analysis combining the data from all GCs to investigate the hypothesis of a population of faint emitters. Assuming IC emission as the origin of the VHE gamma-ray signal from the direction of Terzan 5, we calculated the expected gamma-ray flux from each of the 15 GCs, based on their number of millisecond pulsars, their optical brightness and the energy density of background photon fields. Results. We did not detect significant VHE gamma-ray emission from any of the 15 GCs in either of the two analyses. Given the uncertainties related to the parameter determinations, the obtained flux upper limits allow to rule out the simple IC/msPSR scaling model for NGC6388 and NGC7078. The upper limits derived from the stacking analyses are factors between 2 and 50 below the flux predicted by the simple leptonic scaling model, depending on the assumed source extent and the dominant target photon fields. Therefore, Terzan 5 still remains exceptional among all GCs, as the VHE gamma-ray emission either arises from extra-ordinarily efficient leptonic processes, or from a recent catastrophic event, or is even unrelated to the GC itself.
KW  - globular clusters: general
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - pulsars: general
KW  - gamma rays: general
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220719
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 551
PB  - EDP SCIENCES S A
CY  - LES ULIS CEDEX A
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, Markus
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
T1  - HESS observations of the binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the 2010/2011 periastron passage
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Aims. We present very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) data from the gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 taken around its periastron passage on 15th of December 2010 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H. E. S. S.) of Cherenkov Telescopes. We aim to search for a possible TeV counterpart of the GeV flare detected by the Fermi LAT. In addition, we aim to study the current periastron passage in the context of previous observations taken at similar orbital phases, testing the repetitive behaviour of the source.
 Methods. Observations at VHEs were conducted with H.E.S.S. from 9th to 16th of January 2011. The total dataset amounts to similar to 6 h of observing time. The data taken around the 2004 periastron passage were also re-analysed with the current analysis techniques in order to extend the energy spectrum above 3 TeV to fully compare observation results from 2004 and 2011.
 Results. The source is detected in the 2011 data at a significance level of 11.5 sigma revealing an averaged integral flux above 1 TeV of (1.01 +/- 0.18(stat) +/- 0.20(sys)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). The differential energy spectrum follows a power-law shape with a spectral index Gamma = 2.92 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.95 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.39(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). The measured light curve does not show any evidence for variability of the source on the daily scale. The re-analysis of the 2004 data yields results compatible with the published ones. The differential energy spectrum measured up to similar to 10 TeV is consistent with a power law with a spectral index Gamma = 2.81 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.29 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.26(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1).
 Conclusions. The measured integral flux and the spectral shape of the 2011 data are compatible with the results obtained around previous periastron passages. The absence of variability in the H.E.S.S. data indicates that the GeV flare observed by Fermi LAT in the time period covered also by H.E.S.S. observations originates in a different physical scenario than the TeV emission. Moreover, the comparison of the new results to the results from the 2004 observations made at a similar orbital phase provides a stronger evidence of the repetitive behaviour of the source.
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - pulsars: individual: PSR B1259-63
KW  - X-rays: binaries
KW  - stars: individual: LS 2883
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220612
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 551
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Your neighbors define your value a study of spatial bias in number comparison
JF  - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics
N2  - Several chronometric biases in numerical cognition have informed our understanding of a mental number line (MNL). Complementing this approach, we investigated spatial performance in a magnitude comparison task. Participants located the larger or smaller number of a pair on a horizontal line representing the interval from 0 to 10. Experiments 1 and 2 used only number pairs one unit apart and found that digits were localized farther to the right with "select larger" instructions than with "select smaller" instructions. However, when numerical distance was varied (Experiment 3), digits were localized away from numerically near neighbors. This repulsion effect reveals context-specific distortions in number representation not previously noticed with chronometric measures.
KW  - Magnitude comparison
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - Spatial bias
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.01.004
SN  - 0001-6918
VL  - 142
IS  - 3
SP  - 308
EP  - 313
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Lee, Wang-Sheng
T1  - Fat chance! - Obesity and the transition from unemployment to employment
JF  - Economics and human biology
N2  - This paper focuses on estimating the magnitude of any potential weight discrimination by examining whether obese job applicants in Germany get treated or behave differently from non-obese applicants. Based on two waves of rich survey data from the IZA Evaluation dataset, which includes measures that control for education, demographic characteristics, labor market history, psychological factors and health, we estimate differences in job search behavior and labor market outcomes between obese/overweight and normal weight individuals. Unlike other observational studies which are generally based on obese and non-obese individuals who might already be at different points in the job ladder (e.g., household surveys), in our data, individuals are newly unemployed and all start from the same point. The only subgroup we find in our data experiencing any possible form of negative labor market outcomes is obese women. Despite making more job applications and engaging more in job training programs, we find some indications that they experienced worse (or at best similar) employment outcomes than normal weight women. Obese women who found a job also had significantly lower wages than normal weight women.
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Employment
KW  - Labor demand
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2012.02.002
SN  - 1570-677X
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 121
EP  - 133
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hikel, Harald
A1  - Yair, Aaron
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Hoffmann, Ulrike
A1  - Strähl, Sarah
A1  - Kuhn, Nikolaus J.
T1  - Experimental investigation of soil ecohydrology on rocky desert slopes in the Negev Highlands, Israel
JF  - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie
N2  - Purpose: Dry land vegetation is expected to respond sensitively to climate change and the projected variability of rainfall events. Rainfall as a water source is an obvious factor for the water supply of vegetation. However, the interaction of water and surface on rocky desert slopes with a patchy soil cover is also vital for vegetation in drylands. In particular, runoff on rocky surfaces and infiltration capacity of soil patches determine plant available water. Process-based studies into rock-soil interaction benefit from rainfall simulation, but require an approach accounting for the micro-scale heterogeneity of the slope surfaces. This study therefore aims at developing a suitable procedure for examining rock-soil interaction and the relevance of soil volume for storing plant available water in the northern Negev, Israel.
 Materials and methods: To determine the amount of rainfall required to fill the available soil water storage capacity rainfall simulation experiments were conducted. The design of the rainfall-simulator and the selection of the plots aimed specifically at observing infiltration into small soil patches on a micro-scale relevant for the prevalent vegetation cover.
 Results and discussion: The preliminary results of the study in the Negev Desert indicate that the ratio between soil volume and frequency of rainfall events determine the effect of climate change on plant available water and thus ultimately vegetation cover.
 Conclusions: Based on the experiments examining runoff and soil moisture the qualitative understanding of hillslope ecohydrology in a rocky desert environment can be expanded into a quantitative assessment of the potential impact of varying rainfall conditions. The study also illustrates the contribution of rainfall simulation experiments for studies on the impact of climate change.
KW  - Drylands
KW  - Ecohydrology
KW  - Rocky deserts
KW  - Rainfall simulation
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2012/S-00116
SN  - 0372-8854
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SP  - 39
EP  - 58
PB  - Cramer
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deplazes, Gaudenz
A1  - Lueckge, Andreas
A1  - Peterson, Larry C.
A1  - Timmermann, Axel
A1  - Hamann, Yvonne
A1  - Hughen, Konrad A.
A1  - Roehl, Ursula
A1  - Laj, Carlo
A1  - Cane, Mark A.
A1  - Sigman, Daniel M.
A1  - Haug, Gerald H.
T1  - Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period
JF  - Nature geoscience
N2  - During the last glacial period, the North Atlantic region experienced pronounced, millennial-scale alternations between cold, stadial conditions and milder interstadial conditions-commonly referred to as Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations-as well as periods of massive iceberg discharge known as Heinrich events(1). Changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature, as recorded in Greenland(2-4), are thought to have affected the location of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone(5,6) and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon(7,8). Here we use high-resolution records of sediment colour-a measure of terrigenous versus biogenic content-from the Cariaco Basin off the coast of Venezuela and the Arabian Sea to assess teleconnections with the North Atlantic climate system during the last glacial period. The Cariaco record indicates that the intertropical convergence zone migrated seasonally over the site during mild stadial conditions, but was permanently displaced south of the basin during peak stadials and Heinrich events. In the Arabian Sea, we find evidence of a weak Indian summer monsoon during the stadial events. The tropical records show a more variable response to North Atlantic cooling than the Greenland temperature records. We therefore suggest that Greenland climate is especially sensitive to variations in the North Atlantic system-in particular sea-ice extent-whereas the intertropical convergence zone and Indian monsoon system respond primarily to variations in mean Northern Hemisphere temperature.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1712
SN  - 1752-0894
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 213
EP  - 217
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Stefan
A1  - Tecklenburg, Christina
A1  - Munz, Matthias
A1  - Naden, Emma
T1  - Streambed nitrogen cycling beyond the hyporheic zone: Flow controls on horizontal patterns and depth distribution of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in the upwelling groundwater of a lowland river
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences
N2  - Biogeochemical turnover in hyporheic zones is known to have the potential to affect the chemical signature of surface water cycling through shallow streambed sediments. This study investigates the impact of streambed physical properties on the fate of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in groundwater upwelling through the streambed of a lowland river. For analyzing depth-dependent patterns and zonation of nitrogen concentrations, diffuse gel probes in shallow (top 15 cm) streambed sediments have been deployed in a nested setup together with multilevel minipiezometers for streambed sediments of 15-150 cm. Spatial heterogeneity of groundwater upwelling was controlled by patterns of low-conductivity peat and clay strata that caused locally confined conditions, suggesting increased streambed residence times. Nitrate concentrations in the upwelling groundwater changed by up to 68.06 mg L-1 within the top 15 cm of streambed sediments and by up to 107.47 mg L-1 at depths of 15-150 cm, indicating that significant nitrogen turnover was not restricted to shallow streambed sediments. Intensive reduction of nitrate concentrations was found, in particular, in vicinity of low-conductivity streambed strata. The coincidence of confined groundwater upwelling and reduced oxygen concentrations at these locations suggests that increased residence times and associated depletion of dissolved oxygen create conditions favorable for nitrate reduction. Our results highlight that increased nitrogen turnover at aquifer-river interfaces is not necessarily limited to shallow streambed zones, where surface water is mixing with groundwater, but can affect upwelling groundwater in reactive hot spots that extend to greater streambed depths and beyond hyporheic mixing zones. Citation: Krause, S., C. Tecklenburg, M. Munz, and E. Naden (2013), Streambed nitrogen cycling beyond the hyporheic zone: Flow controls on horizontal patterns and depth distribution of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in the upwelling groundwater of a lowland river,
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002122
SN  - 0148-0227
VL  - 118
IS  - 1
SP  - 54
EP  - 67
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cosentino, Domenico
A1  - Buchwaldt, Robert
A1  - Sampalmieri, Gianluca
A1  - Iadanza, Annalisa
A1  - Cipollari, Paola
A1  - Schildgen, Taylor F.
A1  - Hinnov, Linda A.
A1  - Ramezani, Jahandar
A1  - Bowring, Samuel A.
T1  - Refining the mediterranean "Messinian gap" with high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology, central and northern Italy
JF  - Geology
N2  - Astronomically tuned cyclic sedimentary successions provide unprecedented insight into the temporal evolution of depositional systems and major geologic events. However, placing astronomically calibrated records into an absolute time frame with confidence requires independent and precise geochronologic constraints. Astronomical tuning of the precessionally modulated sedimentary cycles of the Mediterranean Basin deposited during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.96-5.33 Ma) has indicated an similar to 90 k.y. "Messinian gap", corresponding to the evaporative drawdown of the Mediterranean following the closure of the Mediterranean-Atlantic gateway. In the Messinian deposits, a volcanic ash dated by Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology was used to anchor the sedimentary cycles to the insolation curve. However, the uncertainty of the Ar-40/Ar-39 date introduces a potential two-cycle (similar to 40 k.y.) uncertainty in the tuning. Using high-precision chemical abrasion-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) U-Pb geochronology on single zircon grains from two Messinian ash layers in Italy, we obtained dates of 5.5320 +/- 0.0046 Ma and 5.5320 +/- 0.0074 Ma with sub-precessional resolution. Combined with our astronomical tuning of the Messinian Lower Evaporites, the results refine the duration of the "Messinian gap" to at most 28 or 58 +/- 9.6 k.y., which correlates with either the TG12 glacial interval alone, or both TG12 and TG14 glacial intervals, supporting the hypothesis of a glacio-eustatic contribution in fully isolating the Mediterranean from the Atlantic Ocean. Our new U-Pb dates also allow us to infer a precessionally modulated cyclicity for the post-evaporitic deposits, and hence enable us to tune those successions to the insolation curve.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1130/G33820.1
SN  - 0091-7613
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
SP  - 323
EP  - 326
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Boulder
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Baumbach, Henryk
A1  - Gockel, Sonja
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Schöning, Ingo
A1  - Wells, Konstans
A1  - Buscot, Francois
A1  - Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.
A1  - Linsenmair, Karl Eduard
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
T1  - Interacting effects of fertilization, mowing and grazing on plant species diversity of 1500 grasslands in Germany differ between regions
JF  - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie
N2  - The relationship of different types of grassland use with plant species richness and composition ( functional groups of herbs, legumes, and grasses) has so far been studied at small regional scales or comprising only few components of land use. We comprehensively studied the relationship between abandonment, fertilization, mowing intensity, and grazing by different livestock types on plant diversity and composition of 1514 grassland sites in three regions in North-East, Central and South-West Germany. We further considered environmental site conditions including soil type and topographical situation. Fertilized grasslands showed clearly reduced plant species diversity (-15% plant species richness, -0.1 Shannon diversity on fertilized grasslands plots of 16m(2)) and changed composition (-3% proportion of herb species), grazing had the second largest effects and mowing the smallest ones. Among the grazed sites, the ones grazed by sheep had higher than average species richness (+27%), and the cattle grazed ones lower (-42%). Further, these general results were strongly modulated by interactions between the different components of land use and by regional context: land-use effects differed largely in size and sometimes even in direction between regions. This highlights the importance of comparing different regions and to involve a large number of plots
KW  - Biodiversity exploratories
KW  - Functional groups
KW  - Land use type
KW  - Livestock type
KW  - Shannon diversity
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.12.003
SN  - 1439-1791
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 126
EP  - 136
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Blaum, Niels
A1  - Brose, Ulrich
A1  - Chipperfield, Joseph D.
A1  - Clough, Yann
A1  - Farwig, Nina
A1  - Geissler, Katja
A1  - Graham, Catherine H.
A1  - Grimm, Volker
A1  - Hickler, Thomas
A1  - Huth, Andreas
A1  - May, Felix
A1  - Meyer, Katrin M.
A1  - Pagel, Jörn
A1  - Reineking, Björn
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
A1  - Shea, Katriona
A1  - Schurr, Frank Martin
A1  - Schroeder, Boris
A1  - Tielbörger, Katja
A1  - Weiss, Lina
A1  - Wiegand, Kerstin
A1  - Wiegand, Thorsten
A1  - Wirth, Christian
A1  - Zurell, Damaris
T1  - How can we bring together empiricists and modellers in functional biodiversity research?
JF  - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie
N2  - Improving our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and our capacity to inform ecosystem management requires an integrated framework for functional biodiversity research (FBR). However, adequate integration among empirical approaches (monitoring and experimental) and modelling has rarely been achieved in FBR. We offer an appraisal of the issues involved and chart a course towards enhanced integration. A major element of this path is the joint orientation towards the continuous refinement of a theoretical framework for FBR that links theory testing and generalization with applied research oriented towards the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We further emphasize existing decision-making frameworks as suitable instruments to practically merge these different aims of FBR and bring them into application. This integrated framework requires joint research planning, and should improve communication and stimulate collaboration between modellers and empiricists, thereby overcoming existing reservations and prejudices. The implementation of this integrative research agenda for FBR requires an adaptation in most national and international funding schemes in order to accommodate such joint teams and their more complex structures and data needs.
KW  - Biodiversity theory
KW  - Biodiversity experiments
KW  - Conservation management
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - Ecosystem functions and services
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Functional traits
KW  - Global change
KW  - Monitoring programmes
KW  - Interdisciplinarity
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2013.01.001
SN  - 1439-1791
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 93
EP  - 101
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Jena
ER  -