TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Deutschlands Krisenmanagement in der CORONA-Pandemie. BT - Herausforderungen eines föderalen politisch-administrativen Systems JF - Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej JF - Yearbook of European integration KW - CORONA-Krise KW - Deutschland KW - Föderalismus KW - Krisenmanagement KW - Öffentliche Verwaltung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14746/rie.2020.14.21 SN - 1899-6256 VL - 14 SP - 325 EP - 342 PB - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu CY - Poznań ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raoufi, Meysam A1 - Hörmann, Ulrich A1 - Ligorio, Giovanni A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana A1 - Pätzel, Michael A1 - Schultz, Thorsten A1 - Perdigon, Lorena A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - List-Kratochvil, Emil A1 - Hecht, Stefan A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Simultaneous effect of ultraviolet radiation and surface modification on the work function and hole injection properties of ZnO thin films JF - Physica Status Solidi. A , Applications and materials science N2 - The combined effect of ultraviolet (UV) light soaking and self-assembled monolayer deposition on the work function (WF) of thin ZnO layers and on the efficiency of hole injection into the prototypical conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is systematically investigated. It is shown that the WF and injection efficiency depend strongly on the history of UV light exposure. Proper treatment of the ZnO layer enables ohmic hole injection into P3HT, demonstrating ZnO as a potential anode material for organic optoelectronic devices. The results also suggest that valid conclusions on the energy-level alignment at the ZnO/organic interfaces may only be drawn if the illumination history is precisely known and controlled. This is inherently problematic when comparing electronic data from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements carried out under different or ill-defined illumination conditions. KW - charge injection across hybrid interfaces KW - energy-level alignments KW - hybrid metal oxides KW - organic interfaces Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900876 SN - 1862-6300 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 217 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jarecki, Jana B. A1 - Tan, Jolene H. A1 - Jenny, Mirjam T1 - A framework for building cognitive process models JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models. KW - cognitive process model KW - cognitive model KW - computational model KW - definitions KW - Marr's levels Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2 SN - 1069-9384 SN - 1531-5320 VL - 27 IS - 6 SP - 1218 EP - 1229 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ben Dor, Yoav A1 - Neugebauer, Ina A1 - Enzel, Yehouda A1 - Schwab, Markus J. A1 - Tjallingii, Rik A1 - Erel, Yigal A1 - Brauer, Achim T1 - Reply to comment on: Ben Dor, Yoav et al. : Varves of the Dead Sea sedimentary record. - In: Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal. - 215 (2019), S. 173 - 184. - (ISSN: 0277-3791). - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.011 JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - In the comment on "Varves of the Dead Sea sedimentary record." Quaternary Science Reviews 215 (Ben Dor et al., 2019): 173-184. by R. Bookman, two recently published papers are suggested to prove that the interpretation of the laminated sedimentary sequence of the Dead Sea, deposited mostly during MIS2 and Holocene pluvials, as annual deposits (i.e., varves) is wrong. In the following response, we delineate several lines of evidence which coalesce to demonstrate that based on the vast majority of evidence, including some of the evidence provided in the comment itself, the interpretation of these sediments as varves is the more likely scientific conclusion. We further discuss the evidence brought up in the comment and its irrelevance and lack of robustness for addressing the question under discussion. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106063 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 231 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terao, Mineko A1 - Garattini, Enrico A1 - Romão, Maria João A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Evolution, expression, and substrate specificities of aldehyde oxidase enzymes in eukaryotes JF - The journal of biological chemistry N2 - Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small group of enzymes belonging to the larger family of molybdo-flavoenzymes, along with the well-characterized xanthine oxidoreductase. The two major types of reactions that are catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Different animal species have different complements of AOX genes. The two extremes are represented in humans and rodents; whereas the human genome contains a single active gene (AOX1), those of rodents, such as mice, are endowed with four genes (Aox1-4), clustering on the same chromosome, each encoding a functionally distinct AOX enzyme. It still remains enigmatic why some species have numerous AOX enzymes, whereas others harbor only one functional enzyme. At present, little is known about the physiological relevance of AOX enzymes in humans and their additional forms in other mammals. These enzymes are expressed in the liver and play an important role in the metabolisms of drugs and other xenobiotics. In this review, we discuss the expression, tissue-specific roles, and substrate specificities of the different mammalian AOX enzymes and highlight insights into their physiological roles. KW - metalloenzyme KW - molybdenum KW - mouse KW - drug metabolism KW - flavoprotein KW - xenobiotic KW - oxidase KW - oxygen radicals KW - iron-sulfur protein KW - aldehyde oxidase (AOX) KW - enzyme evolution KW - metal-containing enzyme KW - molybdenum cofactor (Moco) KW - molybdo-flavoenzyme KW - 2Fe-2S cluster KW - flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV119.007741 SN - 0021-9258 SN - 1083-351X VL - 295 IS - 16 SP - 5377 EP - 5389 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunstmann, Ruth Sonja A1 - Engström, Olof A1 - Wehle, Marko A1 - Widmalm, Göran A1 - Santer, Mark A1 - Barbirz, Stefanie T1 - Increasing the affinity of an O-Antigen polysaccharide binding site in Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein JF - Chemistry – A European Journal N2 - Broad and unspecific use of antibiotics accelerates spread of resistances. Sensitive and robust pathogen detection is thus important for a more targeted application. Bacteriophages contain a large repertoire of pathogen-binding proteins. These tailspike proteins (TSP) often bind surface glycans and represent a promising design platform for specific pathogen sensors. We analysed bacteriophage Sf6 TSP that recognizes the O-polysaccharide of dysentery-causing Shigella flexneri to develop variants with increased sensitivity for sensor applications. Ligand polyrhamnose backbone conformations were obtained from 2D H-1,H-1-trNOESY NMR utilizing methine-methine and methine-methyl correlations. They agreed well with conformations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD), validating the method for further predictions. In a set of mutants, MD predicted ligand flexibilities that were in good correlation with binding strength as confirmed on immobilized S. flexneri O-polysaccharide (PS) with surface plasmon resonance. In silico approaches combined with rapid screening on PS surfaces hence provide valuable strategies for TSP-based pathogen sensor design. KW - carbohydrates KW - molecular dynamics simulations KW - NMR spectroscopy KW - protein-carbohydrate interactions KW - surface plasmon resonance Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202000495 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 26 IS - 32 SP - 7263 EP - 7273 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köster, Antonia A1 - Matt, Christian A1 - Hess, Thomas T1 - Do all roads lead to Rome? BT - exploring the relationship between social referrals, referral propensity and stickiness to video-on-demand websites JF - Business and Information Systems Engineering N2 - Content website providers have two main goals: They seek to attract consumers and to keep them on their websites as long as possible. To reach potential consumers, they can utilize several online channels, such as paid search results or advertisements on social media, all of which usually require a substantial marketing budget. However, with rising user numbers of online communication tools, website providers increasingly integrate social sharing buttons on their websites to encourage existing consumers to facilitate referrals to their social networks. While little is known about this social form of guiding consumers to a content website, the study proposes that the way in which consumers reach a website is related to their stickiness to the website and their propensity to refer content to others. By using a unique clickstream data set of a video-on-demand website, the study compares consumers referred by their social network to those consumers arriving at the website via organic search or social media advertisements in terms of stickiness to the website (e.g., visit length, number of page views, video starts) and referral likelihood. The results show that consumers referred through social referrals spend more time on the website, view more pages, and start more videos than consumers who respond to social media advertisements, but less than those coming through organic search. Concerning referral propensity, the results indicate that consumers attracted to a website through social referrals are more likely to refer content to others than those who came through organic search or social media advertisements. The study offers direct insights to managers and recommends an increase in their efforts to promote social referrals on their websites. KW - social referrals KW - organic search KW - social media advertising KW - website stickiness KW - referral propensity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00660-1 SN - 1867-0202 VL - 63 SP - 349 EP - 366 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griscom, Bronson W. A1 - Busch, Jonah A1 - Cook-Patton, Susan C. A1 - Ellis, Peter W. A1 - Funk, Jason A1 - Leavitt, Sara M. A1 - Lomax, Guy A1 - Turner, Will R. A1 - Chapman, Melissa A1 - Streck, Charlotte T1 - National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics JF - Biological sciences N2 - Better land stewardship is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, particularly in the tropics, where greenhouse gas emissions from the destruction of ecosystems are largest, and where the potential for additional land carbon storage is greatest. As countries enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, confusion persists about the potential contribution of better land stewardship to meeting the Agreement's goal to hold global warming below 2 degrees C. We assess cost-effective tropical country-level potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-protection, improved management and restoration of ecosystems-to deliver climate mitigation linked with sustainable development goals (SDGs). We identify groups of countries with distinctive NCS portfolios, and we explore factors (governance, financial capacity) influencing the feasibility of unlocking national NCS potential. Cost-effective tropical NCS offers globally significant climate mitigation in the coming decades (6.56 Pg CO(2)e yr(-1) at less than 100 US$ per Mg CO(2)e). In half of the tropical countries, cost-effective NCS could mitigate over half of national emissions. In more than a quarter of tropical countries, cost-effective NCS potential is greater than national emissions. We identify countries where, with international financing and political will, NCS can cost-effectively deliver the majority of enhanced NDCs while transforming national economies and contributing to SDGs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'. KW - natural climate solutions KW - climate mitigation KW - protection KW - land management KW - restoration KW - Paris Agreement Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0126 SN - 0080-4622 SN - 0962-8436 SN - 1471-2970 VL - 375 IS - 1794 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - The Royal Society Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. A1 - Gorka, Michal A1 - Schulz, Karina A1 - Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine A1 - Sampathkumar, Arun A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Vierstra, Richard D. A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Selective autophagy regulates heat stress memory in Arabidopsis by NBR1-mediated targeting of HSP90.1 and ROF1 JF - Autophagy N2 - In nature, plants are constantly exposed to many transient, but recurring, stresses. Thus, to complete their life cycles, plants require a dynamic balance between capacities to recover following cessation of stress and maintenance of stress memory. Recently, we uncovered a new functional role for macroautophagy/autophagy in regulating recovery from heat stress (HS) and resetting cellular memory of HS inArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrated that NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1) plays a crucial role as a receptor for selective autophagy during recovery from HS. Immunoblot analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that levels of the NBR1 protein, NBR1-labeled puncta, and NBR1 activity are all higher during the HS recovery phase than before. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of proteins interacting with NBR1 and comparative proteomic analysis of annbr1-null mutant and wild-type plants identified 58 proteins as potential novel targets of NBR1. Cellular, biochemical and functional genetic studies confirmed that NBR1 interacts with HSP90.1 (heat shock protein 90.1) and ROF1 (rotamase FKBP 1), a member of the FKBP family, and mediates their degradation by autophagy, which represses the response to HS by attenuating the expression ofHSPgenes regulated by the HSFA2 transcription factor. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutation ofNBR1resulted in a stronger HS memory phenotype. Together, our results provide new insights into the mechanistic principles by which autophagy regulates plant response to recurrent HS. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSP90.1 KW - NBR1 KW - ROF1 KW - selective autophagy KW - stress memory KW - stress recovery Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1820778 SN - 1554-8635 VL - 17 IS - 9 SP - 2184 EP - 2199 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Steinau-Steinrück, Robert T1 - Kurzarbeitergeld JF - Berliner Anwaltsblatt N2 - Das Kurzarbeitergeld (nachfolgend: KuG) ist eines der wichtigsten Instrumente zur Überwindung der aktuellen Corona-Krise. Der Staat übernimmt einen Teil der Lohnkosten und hilft so, gleichzeitig Arbeitsplätze zu erhalten und die Unternehmen zu entlasten. Kurzarbeit ist die vorübergehende Kürzung der betriebsüblichen normalen Arbeitszeit wegen Mangels an Arbeit bei entsprechender Minderung der Entgeltansprüche. Das KuG ersetzt den Teil des Entgelts, der in Folge des Arbeitsausfalls nicht erarbeitet und ausgezahlt werden kann. Ohne KuG läge das Wirtschaftsrisiko beim Arbeitgeber. Könnte er seine Mitarbeiter wegen der Corona-Krise nicht beschäftigen, würde er nach § 615 Satz 1 BGB den vollen Annahmeverzugslohn schulden. Davon entlastet ihn das Instrument der Kurzarbeit. Das KuG deckt die sog. „Nettoentgeltdifferenz“ zwischen dem bisherigen „Soll-Entgelt“ und dem nach Reduzierung von Arbeitszeit verbleibenden „Ist- Entgelt“ in Höhe von 60 % bzw. bei Arbeitnehmern mit Kindern 67 % ab. Schon in der Finanzkrise 2008/2009 hat sich das KuG hervorragend bewährt, damit Unternehmen ihre Belegschaft behalten können, um nach Ende der Krise wieder voll „durchzustarten“. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://berlineranwaltsblatt.de/ce/kurzarbeitergeld/detail.html SN - 0930-3065 SN - 2510-5116 IS - 06 SP - 223 EP - 224 PB - Erich Schmidt Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gleich, Tobias A1 - Spitta, Gianna A1 - Butler, Oisin A1 - Zacharias, Kristin A1 - Aydin, Semiha A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Schubert, Florian A1 - Buchert, Ralph A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen T1 - Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk BT - towards a dimensional approach JF - Addiction Biology N2 - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future. KW - alcohol KW - D2/3 receptors KW - dependence KW - dopamine KW - high risk KW - PET Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12915 SN - 1369-1600 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leins, Johannes A. A1 - Banitz, Thomas A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Drechsler, Martin T1 - High-resolution PVA along large environmental gradients to model the combined effects of climate change and land use timing BT - lessons from the large marsh grasshopper JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and systems ecology N2 - Both climate change and land use regimes affect the viability of populations, but they are often studied separately. Moreover, population viability analyses (PVAs) often ignore the effects of large environmental gradients and use temporal resolutions that are too coarse to take into account that different stages of a population's life cycle may be affected differently by climate change. Here, we present the High-resolution Large Environmental Gradient (HiLEG) model and apply it in a PVA with daily resolution based on daily climate projections for Northwest Germany. We used the large marsh grasshopper (LMG) as the target species and investigated (1) the effects of climate change on the viability and spatial distribution of the species, (2) the influence of the timing of grassland mowing on the species and (3) the interaction between the effects of climate change and grassland mowing. The stageand cohort-based model was run for the spatially differentiated environmental conditions temperature and soil moisture across the whole study region. We implemented three climate change scenarios and analyzed the population dynamics for four consecutive 20-year periods. Climate change alone would lead to an expansion of the regions suitable for the LMG, as warming accelerates development and due to reduced drought stress. However, in combination with land use, the timing of mowing was crucial, as this disturbance causes a high mortality rate in the aboveground life stages. Assuming the same date of mowing throughout the region, the impact on viability varied greatly between regions due to the different climate conditions. The regional negative effects of the mowing date can be divided into five phases: (1) In early spring, the populations were largely unaffected in all the regions; (2) between late spring and early summer, they were severely affected only in warm regions; (3) in summer, all the populations were severely affected so that they could hardly survive; (4) between late summer and early autumn, they were severely affected in cold regions; and (5) in autumn, the populations were equally affected across all regions. The duration and start of each phase differed slightly depending on the climate change scenario and simulation period, but overall, they showed the same pattern. Our model can be used to identify regions of concern and devise management recommendations. The model can be adapted to the life cycle of different target species, climate projections and disturbance regimes. We show with our adaption of the HiLEG model that high-resolution PVAs and applications on large environmental gradients can be reconciled to develop conservation strategies capable of dealing with multiple stressors. KW - Climate change KW - Land use KW - Population viability analysis KW - Stage-based model KW - High resolution KW - Environmental gradients Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109355 SN - 0304-3800 SN - 1872-7026 VL - 440 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Offrede, Tom F. A1 - Jacobi, Jidde A1 - Rebernik, Teja A1 - de Jong, Lisanne A1 - Keulen, Stefanie A1 - Veenstra, Pauline A1 - Noiray, Aude A1 - Wieling, Martijn T1 - The impact of alcohol on L1 versus L2 JF - Language and Speech N2 - Alcohol intoxication is known to affect many aspects of human behavior and cognition; one of such affected systems is articulation during speech production. Although much research has revealed that alcohol negatively impacts pronunciation in a first language (L1), there is only initial evidence suggesting a potential beneficial effect of inebriation on articulation in a non-native language (L2). The aim of this study was thus to compare the effect of alcohol consumption on pronunciation in an L1 and an L2. Participants who had ingested different amounts of alcohol provided speech samples in their L1 (Dutch) and L2 (English), and native speakers of each language subsequently rated the pronunciation of these samples on their intelligibility (for the L1) and accent nativelikeness (for the L2). These data were analyzed with generalized additive mixed modeling. Participants' blood alcohol concentration indeed negatively affected pronunciation in L1, but it produced no significant effect on the L2 accent ratings. The expected negative impact of alcohol on L1 articulation can be explained by reduction in fine motor control. We present two hypotheses to account for the absence of any effects of intoxication on L2 pronunciation: (1) there may be a reduction in L1 interference on L2 speech due to decreased motor control or (2) alcohol may produce a differential effect on each of the two linguistic subsystems. KW - acute alcohol consumption KW - articulation KW - speech KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830920953169 SN - 1756-6053 SN - 0023-8309 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 681 EP - 692 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschorn, Mira A1 - Kuhlmann, Stella Linnea A1 - Rieckmann, Nina A1 - Beer, Katja A1 - Grosse, Laura A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Waltenberger, Johannes A1 - Haverkamp, Wilhelm A1 - Müller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline A1 - Hellweg, Rainer A1 - Ströhle, Andreas T1 - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, depressive symptoms and somatic comorbidity in patients with coronary heart disease JF - Acta Neuropsychiatrica N2 - Objective: Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are highly comorbid conditions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in cardiovascular processes. Depressed patients typically show decreased BDNF concentrations. We analysed the relationship between BDNF and depression in a sample of patients with CHD and additionally distinguished between cognitive-affective and somatic depression symptoms. We also investigated whether BDNF was associated with somatic comorbidity burden, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: The following variables were assessed for 225 hospitalised patients with CHD: BDNF concentrations, depression [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)], somatic comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), CHF, ACS, platelet count, smoking status and antidepressant treatment. Results: Regression models revealed that BDNF was not associated with severity of depression. Although depressed patients (PHQ-9 score >7) had significantly lower BDNF concentrations compared to non-depressed patients (p = 0.04), this was not statistically significant after controlling for confounders (p = 0.15). Cognitive-affective symptoms and somatic comorbidity burden each closely missed a statistically significant association with BDNF concentrations (p = 0.08, p = 0.06, respectively). BDNF was reduced in patients with CHF (p = 0.02). There was no covariate-adjusted, significant association between BDNF and ACS. Conclusion: Serum BDNF concentrations are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Somatic comorbidities should be considered when investigating the relationship between depression and BDNF. KW - depression KW - BDNF KW - coronary heart disease KW - heart failure KW - somatic comorbidity KW - acute coronary syndrome Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2020.31 SN - 1601-5215 SN - 0924-2708 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 22 EP - 30 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban A1 - Poppels, Till A1 - Levy, Roger P. T1 - Implicit gender bias in linguistic descriptions for expected events BT - the cases of the 2016 United States and 2017 United Kingdom elections JF - Psychological Science N2 - Gender stereotypes influence subjective beliefs about the world, and this is reflected in our use of language. But do gender biases in language transparently reflect subjective beliefs? Or is the process of translating thought to language itself biased? During the 2016 United States (N = 24,863) and 2017 United Kingdom (N = 2,609) electoral campaigns, we compared participants' beliefs about the gender of the next head of government with their use and interpretation of pronouns referring to the next head of government. In the United States, even when the female candidate was expected to win, she pronouns were rarely produced and induced substantial comprehension disruption. In the United Kingdom, where the incumbent female candidate was heavily favored, she pronouns were preferred in production but yielded no comprehension advantage. These and other findings suggest that the language system itself is a source of implicit biases above and beyond previously known biases, such as those measured by the Implicit Association Test. KW - language KW - psycholinguistics KW - event expectations KW - reference KW - implicit bias KW - open data KW - open materials Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619890619 SN - 0956-7976 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köster, Moritz A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Langeloh, Miriam A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - Making sense of the world BT - Infant learning from a predictive processing perspective JF - Perspectives on Psychological Science N2 - For human infants, the first years after birth are a period of intense exploration-getting to understand their own competencies in interaction with a complex physical and social environment. In contemporary neuroscience, the predictive-processing framework has been proposed as a general working principle of the human brain, the optimization of predictions about the consequences of one's own actions, and sensory inputs from the environment. However, the predictive-processing framework has rarely been applied to infancy research. We argue that a predictive-processing framework may provide a unifying perspective on several phenomena of infant development and learning that may seem unrelated at first sight. These phenomena include statistical learning principles, infants' motor and proprioceptive learning, and infants' basic understanding of their physical and social environment. We discuss how a predictive-processing perspective can advance the understanding of infants' early learning processes in theory, research, and application. KW - cognition KW - infant development KW - neuroscience KW - perception KW - social cognition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619895071 SN - 1745-6916 SN - 1745-6924 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 562 EP - 571 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paoli, Antonio A1 - Moro, Tatiana A1 - Lorenzetti, Silvio A1 - Seiler, Jan A1 - Lüthy, Fabian A1 - Gross, Micah A1 - Roggio, Federico A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Musumeci, Giuseppe T1 - The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series BT - Resistance Training JF - Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology N2 - We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020025 SN - 2411-5142 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Meß, Katharina A1 - Philipp, Mareike A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Only the right noise? BT - Effects of phonetic and visual input variability on 14-month-olds' minimal pair word learning JF - Developmental Science N2 - Seminal work by Werker and colleagues (Stager & Werker [1997]Nature, 388, 381-382) has found that 14-month-old infants do not show evidence for learning minimal pairs in the habituation-switch paradigm. However, when multiple speakers produce the minimal pair in acoustically variable ways, infants' performance improves in comparison to a single speaker condition (Rost & McMurray [2009]Developmental Science, 12, 339-349). The current study further extends these results and assesses how different kinds of input variability affect 14-month-olds' minimal pair learning in the habituation-switch paradigm testing German learning infants. The first two experiments investigated word learning when the labels were spoken by a single speaker versus when the labels were spoken by multiple speakers. In the third experiment we studied whether non-acoustic variability, implemented by visual variability of the objects presented together with the labels, would also affect minimal pair learning. We found enhanced learning in the multiple speakers compared to the single speaker condition, confirming previous findings with English-learning infants. In contrast, visual variability of the presented objects did not support learning. These findings both confirm and better delimit the beneficial role of speech-specific variability in minimal pair learning. Finally, we review different proposals on the mechanisms via which variability confers benefits to learning and outline what may be likely principles that underlie this benefit. We highlight among these the multiplicity of acoustic cues signalling phonemic contrasts and the presence of relations among these cues. It is in these relations where we trace part of the source for the apparent paradoxical benefit of variability in learning. KW - acoustic variability KW - habituation-switch paradigm KW - infant word learning KW - minimal pairs KW - phonological development KW - visual variability Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12950 SN - 1363-755X SN - 1467-7687 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - On extraction and clitic climbing out of subject-/object-control clauses and causative clauses in romance and czech JF - Current developments in Slavic linguistics - twenty years after Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-631-67673-8 SN - 978-3-631-70974-0 SN - 978-3-631-70975-7 SN - 978-3-6530-7147-4 SP - 185 EP - 202 PB - Peter Lang CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knigge, Michel T1 - Use of evidence to promote inclusive education development commentary on Mel Ainscow. Promoting inclusion and equity in education BT - Lessons from international experiences JF - Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy N2 - In his essay, Mel Ainscow looks at inclusion and equity from an international perspective and makes suggestions on how to develop inclusive education in a ‘whole-system approach’. After discussing different conceptions of inclusion and equity, he describes international policies which address them. From this international macro-level, Ainscow zooms in to the meso-level of the school and its immediate environment, defining dimensions to be considered for an inclusive school development. One of these dimensions is the ‘use of evidence’. In my comment, I want to focus on this dimension and discuss its scope and the potential to apply it in inclusive education development. As a first and important precondition, Ainscow explains that different circumstances lead to different linguistic uses of the term ‘inclusive education’. Thus, the term ‘inclusive education’ does not refer to an identical set of objectives across countries, and neither does the term ‘equity’. KW - evidence KW - inclusion KW - education KW - evaluation KW - practice Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1730093 SN - 2002-0317 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 21 EP - 24 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raafat, Dina A1 - Mrochen, Daniel M. A1 - Al’Sholui, Fawaz A1 - Heuser, Elisa A1 - Ryll, René A1 - Pritchett-Corning, Kathleen R. A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Walther, Bernd A1 - Matuschka, Franz-Rainer A1 - Richter, Dania T1 - Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in wild, captive and laboratory rats BT - Effect of habitat on the nasal S. aureus population JF - Toxins N2 - Rats are a reservoir of human- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the composition of the natural S. aureus population in wild and laboratory rats is largely unknown. Here, 144 nasal S. aureus isolates from free-living wild rats, captive wild rats and laboratory rats were genotyped and profiled for antibiotic resistances and human-specific virulence genes. The nasal S. aureus carriage rate was higher among wild rats (23.4%) than laboratory rats (12.3%). Free-living wild rats were primarily colonized with isolates of clonal complex (CC) 49 and CC130 and maintained these strains even in husbandry. Moreover, upon livestock contact, CC398 isolates were acquired. In contrast, laboratory rats were colonized with many different S. aureus lineages—many of which are commonly found in humans. Five captive wild rats were colonized with CC398-MRSA. Moreover, a single CC30-MRSA and two CC130-MRSA were detected in free-living or captive wild rats. Rat-derived S. aureus isolates rarely harbored the phage-carried immune evasion gene cluster or superantigen genes, suggesting long-term adaptation to their host. Taken together, our study revealed a natural S. aureus population in wild rats, as well as a colonization pressure on wild and laboratory rats by exposure to livestock- and human-associated S. aureus, respectively. KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - rat KW - clonal complex KW - host adaptation KW - livestock KW - laboratory KW - coagulation KW - immune evasion cluster KW - habitat KW - epidemiology Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020080 SN - 2072-6651 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Rohini A1 - Hesse, Fabienne A1 - Rao, P. Srinivasa A1 - Musolff, Andreas A1 - Jawitz, James A1 - Sarrazin, Francois A1 - Samaniego, Luis A1 - Fleckenstein, Jan H. A1 - Rakovec, Oldrich A1 - Thober, S. A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - Strong hydroclimatic controls on vulnerability to subsurface nitrate contamination across Europe JF - Nature Communications N2 - Subsurface contamination due to excessive nutrient surpluses is a persistent and widespread problem in agricultural areas across Europe. The vulnerability of a particular location to pollution from reactive solutes, such as nitrate, is determined by the interplay between hydrologic transport and biogeochemical transformations. Current studies on the controls of subsurface vulnerability do not consider the transient behaviour of transport dynamics in the root zone. Here, using state-of-the-art hydrologic simulations driven by observed hydroclimatic forcing, we demonstrate the strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hydrologic transport dynamics and reveal that these dynamics are primarily controlled by the hydroclimatic gradient of the aridity index across Europe. Contrasting the space-time dynamics of transport times with reactive timescales of denitrification in soil indicate that similar to 75% of the cultivated areas across Europe are potentially vulnerable to nitrate leaching for at least onethird of the year. We find that neglecting the transient nature of transport and reaction timescale results in a great underestimation of the extent of vulnerable regions by almost 50%. Therefore, future vulnerability and risk assessment studies must account for the transient behaviour of transport and biogeochemical transformation processes. KW - travel time distributions KW - groundwater vulnerability KW - flux tracking KW - transit-time KW - water age KW - nitrogen KW - model KW - dynamics KW - pollution KW - patterns Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19955-8 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horn, Juliane A1 - Becher, Matthias A. A1 - Johst, Karin A1 - Kennedy, Peter J. A1 - Osborne, Juliet L. A1 - Radchuk, Viktoriia A1 - Grimm, Volker T1 - Honey bee colony performance affected by crop diversity and farmland structure BT - a modeling framework JF - Ecological applications N2 - Forage availability has been suggested as one driver of the observed decline in honey bees. However, little is known about the effects of its spatiotemporal variation on colony success. We present a modeling framework for assessing honey bee colony viability in cropping systems. Based on two real farmland structures, we developed a landscape generator to design cropping systems varying in crop species identity, diversity, and relative abundance. The landscape scenarios generated were evaluated using the existing honey bee colony model BEEHAVE, which links foraging to in-hive dynamics. We thereby explored how different cropping systems determine spatiotemporal forage availability and, in turn, honey bee colony viability (e.g., time to extinction, TTE) and resilience (indicated by, e.g., brood mortality). To assess overall colony viability, we developed metrics,P(H)andP(P,)which quantified how much nectar and pollen provided by a cropping system per year was converted into a colony's adult worker population. Both crop species identity and diversity determined the temporal continuity in nectar and pollen supply and thus colony viability. Overall farmland structure and relative crop abundance were less important, but details mattered. For monocultures and for four-crop species systems composed of cereals, oilseed rape, maize, and sunflower,P(H)andP(P)were below the viability threshold. Such cropping systems showed frequent, badly timed, and prolonged forage gaps leading to detrimental cascading effects on life stages and in-hive work force, which critically reduced colony resilience. Four-crop systems composed of rye-grass-dandelion pasture, trefoil-grass pasture, sunflower, and phacelia ensured continuous nectar and pollen supply resulting in TTE > 5 yr, andP(H)(269.5 kg) andP(P)(108 kg) being above viability thresholds for 5 yr. Overall, trefoil-grass pasture, oilseed rape, buckwheat, and phacelia improved the temporal continuity in forage supply and colony's viability. Our results are hypothetical as they are obtained from simplified landscape settings, but they nevertheless match empirical observations, in particular the viability threshold. Our framework can be used to assess the effects of cropping systems on honey bee viability and to develop land-use strategies that help maintain pollination services by avoiding prolonged and badly timed forage gaps. KW - apis mellifera KW - BEEHAVE KW - colony viability KW - crop diversity KW - cropping system KW - decline KW - forage availability KW - forage gaps KW - honey bees KW - landscape generator KW - modeling Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2216 SN - 1939-5582 SN - 1051-0761 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Wiley Periodicals LLC CY - Washington DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinberg, Georg A1 - Schwenke, Corinna T1 - Semesterabschlussklausur – Strafprozessrecht: „Unter der Treppe“ JF - Juristische Schulung N2 - Die Klausur eignet sich zur fallangewandten Wiederholung des strafprozessualen Beweisrechts. Sie thematisiert typische, auch examenstypische Problemstellungen. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-JUS-B-2020-S-430-N-1 SN - 0022-6939 VL - 60 IS - 5 SP - 430 EP - 433 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Witzel, Katja A1 - Abu Risha, Marua A1 - Albers, Philip A1 - Börnke, Frederik A1 - Hanschen, Franziska S. T1 - Corrigendum : Identification and characterization of three epithiospecifier protein isoforms in Brassica oleracea / Witzel, Katja; Abu Risha, Marua; Albers, Philip; Börnke, Frederike; Hanschen, Franziska S. - Lausanne: Frontiers Media, 2019. - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS. - 10 (2019) art. 1552. - doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01552 JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS KW - epithionitrile KW - expression profile KW - functional complementation KW - glucosinolate hydrolysis KW - nitrile KW - specifier proteins KW - tissue KW - specificity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00523 SN - 1664-462X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz-Ahrens, Katharina Elisabeth A1 - Ahrens, Frank A1 - Barth, Christian A. T1 - Nutritional and health attributes of milk and milk imitations JF - European journal of nutrition N2 - Purpose: Modern food technology allows designing products aiming to simulate and replace traditional food. In affluent societies there is a rising tendency to consume foods derived from plants including milk imitations or plant drinks based on cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds or other plant families. Herein we review production and composition of such drinks, summarize consumers' motivations to change from milk to plant drinks and highlight nutritional and health implications of consuming plant drinks instead of milk, in particular if non-fortified and if consumed by infants, children, adolescents and the elderly. Results: Whereas the macronutrient concentrations of some plant drinks (soy) may approach in some cases (protein) that of cow's milk, the nutritional quality of most plant drinks, e.g., the biological value of protein and the presence and amount of vitamins and essential minerals with high bioavailability does not. If cow's milk is exchanged for non-fortified and non-supplemented plant drinks consumers may risk deficiencies of calcium, zinc, iodine, vitamins B2, B12, D, A, and indispensable amino acids, particularly in infants and toddlers who traditionally consume significant portions of milk. The vegetable nature, appearance and taste of such plant drinks may be appealing to adult consumers and be chosen for adding variety to the menu. However, in young children fed exclusively such plant drinks severe metabolic disturbances may occur. Conclusion: Parents, dietitians, physicians and consumers should be aware of such potential risks, if non-fortified plant drinks are consumed instead of milk. KW - cow's milk KW - plant drinks KW - nutrient bioavailability KW - human nutrition KW - health risks Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01936-3 SN - 1436-6207 SN - 1436-6215 VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 34 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmer, Matthew D. A1 - Gregory, Jonathan A1 - Bagge, Meike A1 - Calvert, Daley A1 - Hagedoorn, Jan Marius A1 - Howard, Tom A1 - Klemann, Volker A1 - Lowe, Jason A. A1 - Roberts, Chris A1 - Slangen, Aimee B. A. A1 - Spada, Giorgio T1 - Exploring the drivers of global and local sea‐level change over the 21st century and beyond JF - Earth's future N2 - We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario. KW - climate change KW - CMIP5 models KW - RCP scenarios KW - sea-level projections KW - tide gauge observations Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001413 SN - 2328-4277 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Varykhalov, Andrei A1 - Freyse, Friedrich A1 - Aguilera, Irene A1 - Battiato, Marco A1 - Krivenkov, Maxim A1 - Marchenko, Dmitry A1 - Bihlmayer, Gustav A1 - Blugel, Stefan A1 - Rader, Oliver A1 - Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime T1 - Effective mass enhancement and ultrafast electron dynamics of Au(111) surface state coupled to a quantum well JF - Physical Review Research N2 - We show that, although the equilibrium band dispersion of the Shockley-type surface state of two-dimensional Au(111) quantum films grown on W(110) does not deviate from the expected free-electron-like behavior, its nonequilibrium energy-momentum dispersion probed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission exhibits a remarkable kink above the Fermi level due to a significant enhancement of the effective mass. The kink is pronounced for certain thicknesses of the Au quantum well and vanishes in the very thin limit. We identify the kink as induced by the coupling between the Au(111) surface state and emergent quantum-well states which probe directly the buried gold-tungsten interface. The signatures of the coupling are further revealed by our time-resolved measurements which show that surface state and quantum-well states thermalize together behaving as dynamically locked electron populations. In particular, relaxation of hot carriers following laser excitation is similar for both surface state and quantum-well states and much slower than expected for a bulk metallic system. The influence of quantum confinement on the interplay between elementary scattering processes of the electrons at the surface and ultrafast carrier transport in the direction perpendicular to the surface is shown to be the reason for the slow electron dynamics. KW - AG KW - Flims Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013343 SN - 0031-9007 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - American Physical Society CY - Ridge, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lass, Sander T1 - Augmented Reality in der Fabrik JF - Fabriksoftware : die digitale Fabrik realisieren N2 - Im Zentrum Industrie 4.0 Potsdam (ZIP 4.0) kann diese Frage individuell und ohne großen Aufwand beantwortet werden. Mehr noch, mit Hilfe der hybriden Simulationsumgebung ist die Interaktion mit dem AR-Gerät durch den Akteur innerhalb von Fertigungsprozessen möglich. So kann nicht nur der Nutzen demonstriert, sondern auch durch den tatsächlichen Einsatz innerhalb der realitätsnahen Prozessabbildung die Akzeptanz für die spätere Nutzung geschaffen werden. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/FS20-4_32-33 SN - 2569-7692 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 32 EP - 33 PB - GITO mbH - Verlag für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lass, Sander A1 - Körppen, Tim T1 - Dezentrale Taktsteuerung in der Montage BT - mit der I4.0-Box aufwandsarm zur robusten Steuerung von Montagelinien JF - Fabriksoftware : die digitale Fabrik realisieren N2 - In der Theorie bieten dezentrale Steuerungsansätze im Produktionskontext einige Vorteile gegenüber monolithischen Zentralsystemen, die sämtliche Funktionen in einer oder wenigen Instanzen vereinen. Allerdings bedarf die praktischen Umsetzung der Anpassung des allgemeinen Konzepts der Dezentralität an die individuellen und spezifischen Anwendungsfälle insbesondere hinsichtlich ihres sinnvollen Umfangs. Ein Anwendungsfall ist die Montage von variantenreichen Produkten. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie mittels der geeigneten Kombination von zentralen und dezentralen Ansätzen eine bessere Planbarkeit und Steigerung des Durchsatzes erreicht werden kann. Mit einer flexiblen Taktsteuerung der Arbeitsstationen und geeigneter Assistenz am Montagearbeitsplatz kann die bisherige werkstatt-orientierte Organisation zu einer serienähnlichen Fertigung transformiert werden. Dies geschieht unter Einsatz einer mehrschichtigen Infrastruktur, die den Industrie 4.0-Paradigmen der dezentralen Informationsverarbeitung durch autonome vernetzte Systeme folgt. KW - Individualisierte Serialisierung KW - Dezentrale Liniensteuerung KW - Fertigungsumstrukturierung KW - KI-basierte Produktionsplanung KW - Industrie 4.0-Box KW - Edge-Gateway Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/FS20-2_27-30 SN - 2569-7692 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 27 EP - 30 PB - GITO mbH - Verlag für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Körppen, Tim A1 - Thim, Christof T1 - Visualisierung des digitalen Zwillings mit AR JF - Fabriksoftware : die digitale Fabrik realisieren N2 - Für die Transformation der industriellen Fertigung stellt die Integration der Realwelt und die parallele Abbildung in der Digitalwelt eine wichtige Anforderung dar. Hier greift das Konzept des digitalen Zwillings zur digitalen Repräsentation physischer Objekte. Zur Verbesserung der Mensch-Maschinen-Interaktion zwischen Fabrikpersonal, Anlagen sowie Werkstücken und Steigerung der Transparenz am Shopfloor, kann ein solcher digitaler Zwilling relevante Daten liefern. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur Visualisierung des digitalen Zwillings mittels Augmented Reality vorgestellt und evaluiert. KW - Digitaler Zwilling KW - Mensch-Maschinen-Interaktion KW - Augmented Reality KW - Intelligente Fertigung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/FS20-4_19-22 SN - 2569-7692 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 19 EP - 22 PB - GITO mbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jones, Benjamin M. A1 - Arp, Christopher D. A1 - Grosse, Guido A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Lara, Mark J. A1 - Whitman, Matthew S. A1 - Farquharson, Louise M. A1 - Kanevskiy, Mikhail A1 - Parsekian, Andrew D. A1 - Breen, Amy L. A1 - Ohara, Nori A1 - Rangel, Rodrigo Correa A1 - Hinkel, Kenneth M. T1 - Identifying historical and future potential lake drainage events on the western Arctic coastal plain of Alaska JF - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes N2 - Arctic lakes located in permafrost regions are susceptible to catastrophic drainage. In this study, we reconstructed historical lake drainage events on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska between 1955 and 2017 using USGS topographic maps, historical aerial photography (1955), and Landsat Imagery (ca. 1975, ca. 2000, and annually since 2000). We identified 98 lakes larger than 10 ha that partially (>25% of area) or completely drained during the 62-year period. Decadal-scale lake drainage rates progressively declined from 2.0 lakes/yr (1955-1975), to 1.6 lakes/yr (1975-2000), and to 1.2 lakes/yr (2000-2017) in the ~30,000-km(2) study area. Detailed Landsat trend analysis between 2000 and 2017 identified two years, 2004 and 2006, with a cluster (five or more) of lake drainages probably associated with bank overtopping or headward erosion. To identify future potential lake drainages, we combined the historical lake drainage observations with a geospatial dataset describing lake elevation, hydrologic connectivity, and adjacent lake margin topographic gradients developed with a 5-m-resolution digital surface model. We identified ~1900 lakes likely to be prone to drainage in the future. Of the 20 lakes that drained in the most recent study period, 85% were identified in this future lake drainage potential dataset. Our assessment of historical lake drainage magnitude, mechanisms and pathways, and identification of potential future lake drainages provides insights into how arctic lowland landscapes may change and evolve in the coming decades to centuries. KW - Arctic lakes KW - drained lake basins KW - lake drainage KW - permafrost regions KW - thermokarst lakes Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2038 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 110 EP - 127 PB - Wiley CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Fortgeschrittenen- und Examensklausur: ein mitleidiger Einbrecher JF - Zeitschrift für das juristische Studium N2 - Der erste Teil der Aufgabe (Ausgangsfall) hat den Schwierigkeitsgrad einer anspruchsvollen Klausur in der Fortgeschrittenen-Übung im Strafrecht. Ihre erfolgreiche Bewältigung setzt neben soliden Rechtskenntnissen im thematischen Bereich des Rücktritts vom Versuch vor allem genaue Erfassung aller relevanten Sachverhaltsangaben und präzise Subsumtion voraus. Mit der Abwandlung hat die Aufgabe Umfang und Schwierigkeitsgrad einer mittelschweren Klausur in der ersten Juristischen Prüfung. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.zjs-online.com/dat/artikel/2020_6_1458.pdf SN - 1865-6331 IS - 6 SP - 634 EP - 639 PB - T. Rotsch CY - Gießen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitsch, Wolfgang T1 - Referendarexamensklausur – Strafrecht: Räuberischer Angriff auf Kraftfahrer, Notwehr, Versuch – Die Autofallen JF - Juristische Schulung N2 - Im Mittelpunkt des Falls stehen Probleme des Straftatbestands „räuberischer Angriff auf Kraftfahrer“. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-JUS-B-2020-S-149-N-1 SN - 0022-6939 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 149 EP - 154 PB - C.H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Marc A1 - Stomps, Benjamin René Harald A1 - Schulte-Osseili, Christine A1 - Grigoriev, Dmitry A1 - Ewen, Dirk A1 - Morgan, Andrew A1 - Böker, Alexander T1 - Organic dye anchor peptide conjugates as an advanced coloring agent for polypropylene yarn JF - Textile Research Journal N2 - Polypropylene as one of the world's top commodity polymers is also widely used in the textile industry. However, its non-polar nature and partially crystalline structure significantly complicate the process of industrial coloring of polypropylene. Currently, textiles made of polypropylene or with a significant proportion of polypropylene are dyed under quite harsh conditions, including the use of high pressures and temperatures, which makes this process energy intensive. This research presents a three-step synthesis of coloring agents, capable of adhering onto synthetic polypropylene yarns without harsh energy-consuming conditions. This is possible by encapsulation of organic pigments using trimethoxyphenylsilane, introduction of surface double bonds via modification of the silica shell with trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate and final attachment of highly adhesive anchor peptides using thiol-ene chemistry. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by dyeing polypropylene yarns in a simple process under ambient conditions after giving a step-by-step guide for the synthesis of these new dyeing agents. Finally, the successful dyeing of the yarns is visualized, and its practicability is discussed. KW - anchor peptides KW - organic dye pigments KW - coloring agents KW - polypropylene KW - yarns Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517520932231 SN - 0040-5175 SN - 1746-7748 VL - 91 IS - 1-2 SP - 28 EP - 39 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smetanová, Anna A1 - Müller, Anne A1 - Zargar, Morteza A1 - Suleiman, Mohamed A. A1 - Gholami, Faraz Rabei A1 - Mousavi, Maryam T1 - Mesoscale mapping of sediment source hotspots for dam sediment management in data-sparse semi-arid catchments JF - Water N2 - Land degradation and water availability in semi-arid regions are interdependent challenges for management that are influenced by climatic and anthropogenic changes. Erosion and high sediment loads in rivers cause reservoir siltation and decrease storage capacity, which pose risk on water security for citizens, agriculture, and industry. In regions where resources for management are limited, identifying spatial-temporal variability of sediment sources is crucial to decrease siltation. Despite widespread availability of rigorous methods, approaches simplifying spatial and temporal variability of erosion are often inappropriately applied to very data sparse semi-arid regions. In this work, we review existing approaches for mapping erosional hotspots, and provide an example of spatial-temporal mapping approach in two case study regions. The barriers limiting data availability and their effects on erosion mapping methods, their validation, and resulting prioritization of leverage management areas are discussed. KW - reservoir siltation KW - water security KW - water management KW - data sharing KW - spatial-temporal KW - erosion hotspots KW - mapping KW - global datasets KW - mesoscale KW - leverage areas Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020396 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poch, Olivier A1 - Istiqomah, Istiqomah A1 - Quirico, Eric A1 - Beck, Pierre A1 - Schmitt, Bernard A1 - Theulé, Patrice A1 - Faure, Alexandre A1 - Hily-Blant, Pierre A1 - Bonal, Lydie A1 - Kappel, David T1 - Ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids JF - Science N2 - The measured nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in comets is lower than for the Sun, a discrepancy which could be alleviated if there is an unknown reservoir of nitrogen in comets. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko exhibits an unidentified broad spectral reflectance feature around 3.2 micrometers, which is ubiquitous across its surface. On the basis of laboratory experiments, we attribute this absorption band to ammonium salts mixed with dust on the surface. The depth of the band indicates that semivolatile ammonium salts are a substantial reservoir of nitrogen in the comet, potentially dominating over refractory organic matter and more volatile species. Similar absorption features appear in the spectra of some asteroids, implying a compositional link between asteroids, comets, and the parent interstellar cloud. KW - resolution infrared-spectroscopy KW - ice absorption features KW - young stellar objects KW - exposed water ice KW - MU-M KW - bidirectional reflectance KW - murchison meteorite KW - interstellar ice KW - spectra KW - surface Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7462 SN - 1095-9203 SN - 0036-8075 VL - 367 IS - 6483 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - AAAS, American Association for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vyse, Stuart Andrew A1 - Semiromi, Majid Taie A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Merz, Christoph T1 - Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg, Germany JF - Hydrological Processes N2 - Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north-east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (delta O-18) and hydrogen (delta H-2), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow-through-dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow-through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side. KW - evaporation KW - groundwater inflow KW - kettle hole KW - stable water isotope KW - surface–groundwater interactions Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13699 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 34 IS - 8 SP - 1868 EP - 1887 PB - Wiley CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yamazaki, Yosuke A1 - Wendt, Vivien A1 - Miyoshi, Y. A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Siddiqui, Tarique Adnan A1 - Kervalishvili, Guram N. A1 - Laštovička, J. A1 - Kozubek, M. A1 - Ward, W. A1 - Themens, D. R. A1 - Kristoffersen, S. A1 - Alken, Patrick T1 - September 2019 Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming BT - Quasi-6-Day wave burst and ionospheric effects JF - Geophysical Research Letters N2 - An exceptionally strong stationary planetary wave with Zonal Wavenumber 1 led to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ionospheric data from European Space Agency's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6-day variations in the dayside low-latitude region at this time, which can be attributed to forcing from the middle atmosphere by the Rossby normal mode "quasi-6-day wave" (Q6DW). Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite reveal a burst of global Q6DW activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the SSW, which is one of the strongest in the record. The Q6DW is apparently generated in the polar stratosphere at 30-40 km, where the atmosphere is unstable due to strong vertical wind shear connected with planetary wave breaking. These results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can lead to ionospheric variability through wave forcing from the middle atmosphere. Plain Language Summary: A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an extreme wintertime polar meteorological phenomenon occurring mostly over the Arctic region. Studies have shown that Arctic SSW can influence the entire atmosphere. In September 2019, a rare SSW event occurred in the Antarctic region, providing an opportunity to investigate its broader impact on the whole atmosphere. We present observations from the middle atmosphere and ionosphere during this event, noting unusually strong wave activity throughout this region. Our results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can have a significant impact on the whole atmosphere system similar to those due to Arctic events. KW - Rossby-normal modes KW - nonumiform background configuration KW - total electron-content KW - large-scale KW - planetary-waves KW - 5-day waves KW - equatorial electrojet KW - lower thermosphere KW - symmetric modes KW - 6.5-Day wave Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086577 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masigol, Hossein A1 - Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar A1 - Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Reza A1 - Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas A1 - Neubauer, Darshan A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Taxonomical and functional diversity of Saprolegniales in Anzali lagoon, Iran JF - Aquatic Ecology N2 - Studies on the diversity, distribution and ecological role of Saprolegniales (Oomycota) in freshwater ecosystems are currently receiving attention due to a greater understanding of their role in carbon cycling in various aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we characterized several Saprolegniales species isolated from Anzali lagoon, Gilan province, Iran, using morphological and molecular methods. Four species of Saprolegnia were identified, including S. anisospora and S. diclina as first reports for Iran, as well as Achlya strains, which were closely related to A. bisexualis, A. debaryana and A. intricata. Evaluation of the ligno-, cellulo- and chitinolytic activities was performed using plate assay methods. Most of the Saprolegniales isolates were obtained in autumn, and nearly 50% of the strains showed chitinolytic and cellulolytic activities. However, only a few Saprolegniales strains showed lignolytic activities. This study has important implications for better understanding the ecological niche of oomycetes, and to differentiate them from morphologically similar, but functionally different aquatic fungi in freshwater ecosystems. KW - Achlya KW - Saprolegnia KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - carbon cycling KW - polymer degradation KW - Saprolegniaceae KW - Achlyaceae Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09745-w SN - 1573-5125 SN - 1386-2588 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 323 EP - 336 PB - Springer Science CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schué, Emmanuelle A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Lutz, Jean-François A1 - Börner, Hans G. T1 - Molecular bottle brushes with positioned selenols BT - Extending the toolbox of oxidative single polymer chain folding with conformation analysis by atomic force microscopy JF - Journal of Polymer Science N2 - A synthesis route to controlled and dynamic single polymer chain folding is reported. Sequence-controlled macromolecules containing precisely located selenol moieties within a polymer chain are synthesized. Oxidation of selenol functionalities lead to diselenide bridges and induces controlled intramolecular crosslinking to generate single chain collapse. The cyclization process is successfully characterized by SEC as well as by H-1 NMR and 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopies. In order to gain insight on the molecular level to reveal the degree of structural control, the folded polymers are transformed into folded molecular brushes that are known to be visualizable as single molecule structures by AFM. The "grafting onto" approach is performed by using triazolinedione-diene reaction to graft the side chain polymers. A series of folded molecular brushes as well as the corresponding linear controls are synthesized. AFM visualization is proving the cyclization of the folded backbone by showing globular objects, where non-folded brushes show typical worm-like structures. (C) 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KW - atomic force microscopy (AFM) KW - diselenide KW - grafted polymers KW - molecular bottle brushes KW - sequence-controlled polymers KW - single chain folding Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.29496 SN - 2642-4169 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 154 EP - 162 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Masson, Torsten A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Sieg, Tobias A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Kreibich, Heidi T1 - Multiple flood experiences and social resilience BT - Findings from three surveys on households and companies exposed to the 2013 flood in Germany JF - Weather, Climate, and Society N2 - Previous studies have explored the consequences of flood events for exposed households and companies by focusing on single flood events. Less is known about the consequences of experiencing repeated flood events for the resilience of households and companies. In this paper, we therefore explore how multiple floods experience affects the resilience of exposed households and companies. Resilience was made operational through individual appraisals of households and companies' ability to withstand and recover from material as well as health and psychological impacts of the 2013 flood in Germany. The paper is based on three different datasets including more than 2000 households and 300 companies that were affected by the 2013 flood. The surveys revealed that the resilience of households seems to increase, but only with regard to their subjectively appraised ability to withstand impacts on mobile goods and equipment (e.g., cars, TV, and radios). In regard to the ability of households to withstand overall financial consequences of repetitive floods, evidence for nonlinear (quadratic) trends can be found. With regard to psychological and health-related consequences, the findings are mixed but provide tentative evidence for eroding resilience among households. Companies' resilience increased with respect to material assets but appears to decrease with respect to ability to recover. We conclude by arguing that clear and operational definitions of resilience are required so that evidence-based resilience baselines can be established to assess whether resilience is eroding or improving over time. KW - social science KW - Europe Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-18-0069.1 SN - 1948-8327 SN - 1948-8335 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 63 EP - 88 PB - American Meteorological Society CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dwi Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed A1 - Slowinski, Torsten A1 - Chu, Chang A1 - Krämer, Bernhard K. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Being born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with adverse birth outcomes and metabolic diseases in later life of the offspring. It is known that aberrations in growth during gestation are related to altered placental function. Placental function is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated associations between altered patterns of DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes. However, larger studies that reliably investigated global DNA methylation are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation in relationship to size for gestational age. Global DNA methylation was assessed in 1023 placental samples by LC-MS/MS. LGA offspring displayed significantly higher global placental DNA methylation compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA; p<0.001). ANCOVA analyses adjusted for known factors impacting on DNA methylation demonstrated an independent association between placental global DNA methylation and LGA births (p<0.001). Tertile stratification according to global placental DNA methylation levels revealed a significantly higher frequency of LGA births in the third tertile. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for known factors influencing birth weight highlighted an independent positive association between global placental DNA methylation and the frequency of LGA births (p=0.001). KW - fetal origins hypothesis KW - birth weight KW - repetitive elements KW - glucocorticoid receptor KW - nutrient transport KW - growth restriction KW - later health KW - pregnancy KW - genes KW - patterns Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57725-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foster, William J. A1 - Garvie, Christopher L. A1 - Weiss, Anna M. A1 - Muscente, A. Drew A1 - Aberhan, Martin A1 - Counts, John W. A1 - Martindale, Rowan C. T1 - Resilience of marine invertebrate communities during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The hyperthermal events of the Cenozoic, including the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, provide an opportunity to investigate the potential effects of climate warming on marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the shallow benthic marine communities preserved in the late Cretaceous to Eocene strata on the Gulf Coastal Plain (United States). In stark contrast to the ecological shifts following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, our data show that the early Cenozoic hyperthermals did not have a long-term impact on the generic diversity nor composition of the Gulf Coastal Plain molluscan communities. We propose that these communities were resilient to climate change because molluscs are better adapted to high temperatures than other taxa, as demonstrated by their physiology and evolutionary history. In terms of resilience, these communities differ from other shallow-water carbonate ecosystems, such as reef communities, which record significant changes during the early Cenozoic hyperthermals. These data highlight the strikingly different responses of community types, i.e., the almost imperceptible response of molluscs versus the marked turnover of foraminifera and reef faunas. The impact on molluscan communities may have been low because detrimental conditions did not devastate the entire Gulf Coastal Plain, allowing molluscs to rapidly recolonise vacated areas once harsh environmental conditions ameliorated. KW - eocene thermal maximum KW - gulf coastal plain KW - climate-change KW - ocean acidification KW - extinction event KW - carbon-cycle KW - heat-stress KW - origination KW - ecosystems KW - diversity Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58986-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lang, Judith A1 - Bohn, Patrick A1 - Bhat, Hilal A1 - Jastrow, Holger A1 - Walkenfort, Bernd A1 - Cansiz, Feyza A1 - Fink, Julian A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Lang, Karl S. T1 - Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease JF - Nature Communications N2 - Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1(-/-) mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1(-/-) mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol. KW - immunology KW - infection KW - membrane fusion KW - phagocytosis KW - sphingolipids Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15072-8 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jing, Miao A1 - Kumar, Rohini A1 - Heße, Falk A1 - Thober, Stephan A1 - Rakovec, Oldrich A1 - Samaniego, Luis A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - Assessing the response of groundwater quantity and travel time distribution to 1.5, 2, and 3 °C global warming in a mesoscale central German basin JF - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences N2 - Groundwater is the biggest single source of high-quality freshwater worldwide, which is also continuously threatened by the changing climate. In this paper, we investigate the response of the regional groundwater system to climate change under three global warming levels (1.5, 2, and 3 ∘C) in a central German basin (Nägelstedt). This investigation is conducted by deploying an integrated modeling workflow that consists of a mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) and a fully distributed groundwater model, OpenGeoSys (OGS). mHM is forced with climate simulations of five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways. The diffuse recharges estimated by mHM are used as boundary forcings to the OGS groundwater model to compute changes in groundwater levels and travel time distributions. Simulation results indicate that groundwater recharges and levels are expected to increase slightly under future climate scenarios. Meanwhile, the mean travel time is expected to decrease compared to the historical average. However, the ensemble simulations do not all agree on the sign of relative change. Changes in mean travel time exhibit a larger variability than those in groundwater levels. The ensemble simulations do not show a systematic relationship between the projected change (in both groundwater levels and travel times) and the warming level, but they indicate an increased variability in projected changes with adjusting the enhanced warming level from 1.5 to 3 ∘C. Correspondingly, it is highly recommended to restrain the trend of global warming. KW - climate change impacts KW - hydrological models KW - coupled surface KW - water fluxes KW - catchment KW - recharge KW - dynamics KW - aquifer KW - flow KW - parameterization Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1511-2020 SN - 1607-7938 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 1511 EP - 1526 PB - Copernicus Publ. CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moradian, Hanieh A1 - Roch, Toralf A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Gossen, Manfred T1 - mRNA transfection-induced activation of primary human monocytes and macrophages BT - Dependence on carrier system and nucleotide modifcation JF - Scientific reports N2 - Monocytes and macrophages are key players in maintaining immune homeostasis. Identifying strategies to manipulate their functions via gene delivery is thus of great interest for immunological research and biomedical applications. We set out to establish conditions for mRNA transfection in hard-to-transfect primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages due to the great potential of gene expression from in vitro transcribed mRNA for modulating cell phenotypes. mRNA doses, nucleotide modifications, and different carriers were systematically explored in order to optimize high mRNA transfer rates while minimizing cell stress and immune activation. We selected three commercially available mRNA transfection reagents including liposome and polymer-based formulations, covering different application spectra. Our results demonstrate that liposomal reagents can particularly combine high gene transfer rates with only moderate immune cell activation. For the latter, use of specific nucleotide modifications proved essential. In addition to improving efficacy of gene transfer, our findings address discrete aspects of innate immune activation using cytokine and surface marker expression, as well as cell viability as key readouts to judge overall transfection efficiency. The impact of this study goes beyond optimizing transfection conditions for immune cells, by providing a framework for assessing new gene carrier systems for monocyte and macrophage, tailored to specific applications. KW - sirna transfection KW - mediated delivery KW - gene delivery KW - efficient KW - immunogenicity KW - lipoplexes KW - cells KW - therapeutics KW - polarization KW - pathways Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60506-4 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McNulty, Margaret A. A1 - Goupil, Brad A. A1 - Albarado, Diana C. A1 - Castaño-Martinez, Teresa A1 - Ambrosi, Thomas H. A1 - Puh, Spela A1 - Schulz, Tim Julius A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Morrison, Christopher D. A1 - Laeger, Thomas T1 - FGF21, not GCN2, influences bone morphology due to dietary protein restrictions JF - Bone Reports N2 - Background: Dietary protein restriction is emerging as an alternative approach to treat obesity and glucose intolerance because it markedly increases plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations. Similarly, dietary restriction of methionine is known to mimic metabolic effects of energy and protein restriction with FGF21 as a required mechanism. However, dietary protein has been shown to be required for normal bone growth, though there is conflicting evidence as to the influence of dietary protein restriction on bone remodeling. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and methionine restriction on bone in lean and obese mice, and clarify whether FGF21 and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, that are part of a novel endocrine pathway implicated in the detection of protein restriction, influence the effect of dietary protein restriction on bone. Methods: Adult wild-type (WT) or Fgf21 KO mice were fed a normal protein (18 kcal%; CON) or low protein (4 kcal%; LP) diet for 2 or 27 weeks. In addition, adult WT or Gcn2 KO mice were fed a CON or LP diet for 27 weeks. Young New Zealand obese (NZO) mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kcal%; CON), low levels (4 kcal%) in a high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) or high-fat (LP/HF) regimen, or on high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (0.86%; CON-MR) or low levels (0.17%; MR) for up to 9 weeks. Long bones from the hind limbs of these mice were collected and evaluated with micro-computed tomography (mu CT) for changes in trabecular and cortical architecture and mass. Results: In WT mice the 27-week LP diet significantly reduced cortical bone, and this effect was enhanced by deletion of Fgf21 but not Gcn2. This decrease in bone did not appear after 2 weeks on the LP diet. In addition, Fgf21 KO mice had significantly less bone than their WT counterparts. In obese NZO mice dietary protein and methionine restriction altered bone architecture. The changes were mediated by FGF21 due to methionine restriction in the presence of cystine, which did not increase plasma FGF21 levels and did not affect bone architecture. Conclusions: This study provides direct evidence of a reduction in bone following long-term dietary protein restriction in a mouse model, effects that appear to be mediated by FGF21. KW - dietary restriction KW - protein restriction KW - FGF21 KW - GCN2 KW - microcomputed tomography Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100241 SN - 2352-1872 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Daniela A1 - Kochlik, Bastian A1 - Demuth, Ilja A1 - Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Norman, Kristina T1 - Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol BT - Association with age in the Berlin Aging Study II JF - Redox Biology N2 - Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which is related to high plasma levels of lipid-soluble micro-nutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols, is linked to lower incidences of various age-related diseases. Differences in lipid-soluble micronutrient blood concentrations seem to be associated with age. Our retrospective analysis included men and women aged 22-37 and 60-85 years from the Berlin Aging Study II. Participants with simultaneously available plasma samples and dietary data were included (n = 1973). Differences between young and old groups were found for plasma lycopene, alpha-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-cryptoxanthin (only in women), and gamma-tocopherol (only in men). beta-Carotene, retinol and lutein/zeaxanthin did not differ between young and old participants regardless of the sex. We found significant associations for lycopene, alpha-carotene (both inverse), alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-carotene (all positive) with age. Adjusting for BMI, smoking status, season, cholesterol and dietary intake confirmed these associations, except for beta-carotene. These micronutrients are important antioxidants and associated with lower incidence of age-related diseases, therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in order to implement dietary strategies for the prevention of age-related diseases. To explain the lower lycopene and alpha-carotene concentration in older subjects, bioavailability studies in older participants are necessary. KW - carotenoids KW - tocopherols KW - micronutrients KW - age KW - plasma KW - food frequency questionnaire Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101461 SN - 2213-2317 VL - 32 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obbard, Darren J. A1 - Shi, Mang A1 - Roberts, Katherine E. A1 - Longdon, Ben A1 - Dennis, Alice B. T1 - A new lineage of segmented RNA viruses infecting animals JF - Virus Evolution N2 - Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new virus sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, virus discovery from metagenomic sequencing usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ virus sequences remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend on detecting homology, such as virus recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have previously been used to propose ‘dark’ virus sequences associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera). Here, we combine published Drosophila data with a comprehensive search of transcriptomic sequences and selected meta-transcriptomic datasets to identify a completely new lineage of segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that we provisionally refer to as the Quenyaviruses. Each of the five segments contains a single open reading frame, with most encoding proteins showing no detectable similarity to characterised viruses, and one sharing a small number of residues with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. Using these sequences, we identify close relatives in approximately 20 arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, spiders, and a myriapod. Using a more conserved sequence from the putative polymerase, we further identify relatives in meta-transcriptomic datasets from gut, gill, and lung tissues of vertebrates, reflecting infections of vertebrates or of their associated parasites. Our data illustrate the utility of small RNAs to detect viruses with limited sequence conservation, and provide robust evidence for a new deeply divergent and phylogenetically distinct RNA virus lineage. KW - metagenome KW - RNA virus KW - dark virus KW - arthropod KW - RNA interference Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez061 SN - 2057-1577 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -