TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Lars T1 - Caribbean - English Passages: Intertextuality in a Postcolonial Tradition Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Lars A1 - Reinfandt, Christoph T1 - The Parody of "Parody as Cultural Memory" in Richard Powers" Galatea 2.2 : a response to Anca Rosu Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lipman, Everett A. A1 - Schuler, Benjamin A1 - Bakajin, Olgica A1 - Eaton, William A. T1 - Single-molecule measurement of protein folding kinetics N2 - In order to investigate the behavior of single molecules under conditions far from equilibrium, we have coupled a microfabricated laminar-flow mixer to a confocal optical system. This combination enables time-resolved measurement of Foerster resonance energy transfer after an abrupt change in solution conditions. Observations of a small protein show the evolution of the intramolecular distance distribution as folding progresses. This technique can expose subpopulations, such as unfolded protein under conditions favoring the native structure, that would be obscured in equilibrium experiments. Y1 - 2003 UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/301/5637/1233 SN - 0036-8075 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tolan, Dean R. A1 - Schuler, Benjamin A1 - Beernink, Peter T. A1 - Jaenicke, Rainer T1 - Thermodynamic analysis of the dissociation of the aldolase tetramer substituted at one or both of the subunit interfaces N2 - The fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) aldolase isologous tetramer tightly associates through two different subunit interfaces defined by its 222 symmetry. Both single- and double-interfacial mutant aldolases have a destabilized quaternary structure, but there is little effect on the catalytic activity. These enzymes are however thermolabile. This study demonstrates the temperature-dependent dissociation of the mutant enzymes and determines the dissociation free energies of both mutant and native aldolase. Subunit dissociation is measured by sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge. At 25C the tetramerdimer dissociation constants for each single-mutant enzyme are similar, about 10 -6 M. For the double-mutant enzyme, sedimentation velocity experiments on sucrose density gradients support a tetramermonomer equilibrium. Furthermore, sedimentation equilibrium experiments determined a dissociation constant of 10- 15 M3 for the double-mutant enzyme. By the same methods the upper limit for the dissociation constant of wild-type aldolase A is approximately 10-28 M3, which indicates an extremely stable tetramer. The thermodynamic values describing monomer-tetramer and dimer-tetramer equilibria are analyzed with regard to possible cooperative interaction between the two subunit interfaces. Y1 - 2003 UR - http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/BC.2003.162 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biswas, Shyamasri A1 - Kayastha, Arvind M. A1 - Seckler, Robert T1 - Purification and characterization of a thermostable beta-galactosidase from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. PDR14 N2 - Summary Using five different steps, ;-Galactosidase has been purified from kidney beans to apparent electrophoretic homogeniety with approximately 90-fold purificationwith a specific activity of 281 units mg;1 protein. A single bandwas observed in native PAGE. Activity staining of the native gel with 5-bromo4-chloro 3-indoxyl ;-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) at pH 4.0 also produceda single band. Analytical gel filtration in Superdex G-75 revealed the molecularmass of the native protein to be approximately 75 kD. 10 percnt; SDS-PAGE under reducingconditions showed two subunits of molecular masses, 45 and 30 kD, respectively.Hence, ;-galactosidase from kidney beans is a heterodimer. A typical proteinprofile with ;max at 280 nm was observed and A280/A260ratio was 1.52. The N-terminal sequence of the 45 kD band showed 86 percnt; sequencehomology with an Arabidopsis thaliana and 85 percnt; with Lycopersiconesculentum putative ;-galactosidase sequences. The Electrospray MassSpectrometric analysis of this band also revealed a peptide fragment that had90 percnt; sequence homology with an Arabidopsis thaliana putative ;- galactosidasesequence. The N-terminal sequencing of the 30 kD band as well as mass spectrometricanalysis both by MALDI- TOF and ES MS revealed certain sequences that matchedwith phytohemagglutinin of kidney beans. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 4.0and it hydrolysed o- and p-nitrophenyl ;-D galactopyranosidewith a Km value of 0.63 mmol/L and 0.74 mmol/L, respectively.The energy of activation calculated from the Arrhenius equation was 14.8 kcal/molenzyme site. The enzyme was found to be comparatively thermostable showing maximumactivity at 67 °C. Thermal denaturation of the enzyme at 65 °C obeyssingle exponential decay with first order-rate constant 0.105 min;1.Galactose, a hydrolytic product of this enzyme was a competitive inhibitor witha Ki of 2.7 mmol/L. Y1 - 2003 SN - 0176-1617 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Freiberg, Alexander A1 - Morona, Renato A1 - Van den Bosch, Luisa A1 - Jung, Christiane A1 - Behlke, Joachim A1 - Carlin, Nung A1 - Seckler, Robert A1 - Baxa, Ulrich T1 - The tailspike protein of Shigella phage Sf6 : a structural homolog of Salmonella phage P22 tailspike protein without sequence similarity in the beta-helix domain N2 - Bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein is functionally equivalent to the well characterized tailspike ofSalmonella phage P22, mediating attachment of the viral particle to host cell-surface polysaccharide. However, there is significant sequence similarity between the two 70-kDa polypeptides only in the N-terminal putative capsid-binding domains. The major, central part of P22 tailspike protein, which forms a parallel ;-helix and is responsible for saccharide binding and hydrolysis, lacks detectable sequence homology to the Sf6 protein. After recombinant expression in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein, the Sf6 protein was purified to homogeneity. As shown by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the secondary structure contents of Sf6 and P22 tailspike proteins are very similar. Both tailspikes are thermostable homotrimers and resist denaturation by SDS at room temperature. The specific endorhamnosidase activities of Sf6 tailspike protein toward fluorescence-labeled dodeca-, deca-, and octasaccharide fragments of Shigella O-antigen suggest a similar active site topology of both proteins. Upon deletion of the N-terminal putative capsid-binding domain, the protein still forms a thermostable, SDS-resistant trimer that has been crystallized. The observations strongly suggest that the tailspike of phage Sf6 is a trimeric parallel ;-helix protein with high structural similarity to its functional homolog from phage P22. Y1 - 2003 UR - http://www.jbc.org/content/278/3/1542.full SN - 0021-9258 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sunna, Anwar A1 - Bergquist, Peter L. T1 - A gene encoding a novel extremely thermostable 1,4-beta-xylanase isolated directly from an environmental DNA sample N2 - Small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes (rDNA) were amplified by PCR from a hot pool environmental DNA sample using Bacteria- or Archaea-specific rDNA primers. Unique rDNA types were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and representative sequences were determined. Family 10 glycoside hydrolase consensus PCR primers were used to explore the occurrence and diversity of xylanase genes in the hot pool environmental DNA sample. Partial sequences for three different xylanases were obtained and genomic walking PCR (GWPCR), in combination with nested primer pairs, was used to obtained a unique 1,741-bp nucleotide sequence. Analysis of this sequence identified a putative XynA protein encoded by the xynA open reading frame. The single module novel xylanase shared sequence similarity to the family 10 glycoside hydrolases. The purified recombinant enzyme, XynA expressed in E. coli exhibited optimum activity at 100 degrees C and pH 6.0, and was extremely thermostable at 90 degrees C. The enzyme showed high specificity toward different xylans and xylooligosaccharides. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cannestra, Andrew F. A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Obrig, Hellmuth A1 - Villringer, Arno A1 - Toga, Arthur W. T1 - Functional assessment of Broca's area using near infrared spectroscopy in humans Y1 - 2003 UR - http://gateway.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=toc&SEARCH=00001756-000000000- 00000.kc&LINKTYPE=asBody&LINKPOS=1&D=yrovft SN - 0959-4965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Heekeren, Hauke R. A1 - Abutalebi, Jubin A1 - Cappa, Stefano F. A1 - Villringer, Arno A1 - Perani, Daniela T1 - Early setting of grammatical processing in the bilingual brain Y1 - 2003 UR - http://www.cell.com/neuron/home SN - 0896-6273 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heekeren, Hauke R. A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Schmidt, Helge A1 - Schwintowski, Hans-Peter A1 - Villringer, Arno T1 - An fMRI study of simple ethical decision-making Y1 - 2003 UR - http://gateway.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=N&PAGE=toc&SEARCH=00001756-000000000- 00000.kc&LINKTYPE=asBody&LINKPOS=1&D=yrovft SN - 0959-4965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosche, Carsten A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Ariese, Freek A1 - Bader, Arjen N. A1 - Gooijer, Cees A1 - Dosa, P. I. A1 - Han, S. A1 - Miljanic, Ognjen S. A1 - Vollhardt, K. Peter C. A1 - Puchta, Ralph A1 - Hommes, N. J. R. V. T1 - Shpol'skii spectroscopy and vibrational analysis of [N]phenylenes Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben T1 - Pitch accents realization in German Y1 - 2003 SN - 1-87634-649-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Canfora, Fabrizio A1 - Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Vacuum solutions which cannot be written in diagonal form N2 - A vacuum solution of the Einstein gravitational field equation is shown to follow from a general ansatz but fails to follow from it if the symmetric matrix in it is assumed to be in diagonal form. Y1 - 2003 UR - http://arXiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0305107 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - The square of the Weyl tensor can be negative N2 - We show that the square of the Weyl tensor can be negative by giving an example Y1 - 2003 UR - http://arXiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0302078 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischer, Ilse T1 - The Treatment of Aspect Distinctions in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Grammars of English Y1 - 2003 SN - 3-906770- 97-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischer, Ilse T1 - Structure and acquisition of the English nominal phrase Y1 - 2003 SN - 0044-2305 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben T1 - The Syllable in Optimality Theory Y1 - 2003 SN - 0-521-77262-1 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge, New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline T1 - Onset and non-moraic syllables in German Y1 - 2003 SN - 0-521-77262-1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volkov, E. I. A1 - Ullner, Ekkehard A1 - Zaikin, Alexei A. A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Frequency-dependent stochastic resonance in inhibitory coupled excitable systems N2 - We study frequency selectivity in noise-induced subthreshold signal processing in a system with many noise- supported stochastic attractors which are created due to slow variable diffusion between identical excitable elements. Such a coupling provides coexisting of several average periods distinct from that of an isolated oscillator and several phase relations between elements. We show that the response of the coupled elements under different noise levels can be significantly enhanced or reduced by forcing some elements in resonance with these new frequencies which correspond to appropriate phase relations Y1 - 2003 SN - 1063-651X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Viana, R. L. A1 - Grebogi, Celso A1 - Pinto, Seds A1 - Lopes, S. R. A1 - Batista, A. M. A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Validity of numerical trajectories in the synchronization transition of complex systems N2 - We investigate the relationship between the loss of synchronization and the onset of shadowing breakdown via unstable dimension variability in complex systems. In the neighborhood of the critical transition to strongly nonhyperbolic behavior, the system undergoes on-off intermittency with respect to the synchronization state. There are potentially severe consequences of these facts on the validity of the computer-generated trajectories obtained from dynamical systems whose synchronization manifolds share the same nonhyperbolic properties Y1 - 2003 SN - 1063-651X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steuer, Ralf A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Fiehn, Oliver A1 - Weckwerth, Wolfram T1 - Interpreting correlations in metabolomic networks N2 - Correlations, as observed between the concentrations of metabolites in a biological sample, may be used to gain additional information about the physiological state of a given tissue. in this mini-review, we discuss the integration of these observed correlations into metabolomic networks and their relationships with the underlying biochemical pathways Y1 - 2003 SN - 0300-5127 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Mark T1 - Encyclopedia of postcolonial studies Y1 - 2003 SN - 0196-3570 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - A salient regionalized intonation contour in the Dresden vernacular (regionalized intonation in German) N2 - After reviewing the research on Saxon regionalized intonation and giving an overview of our research project on regionalized intonation in German, a particular salient regionalized intonation contour from the Dresden vernacular is described in detail. In addition to a more widespread contour that is also used in the Berlin vernacular, albeit in different contexts, the so-called 'upward staircase contour' which is formed by a lower plateau, a rise and a higher plateau, the Dresden vernacular also uses very salient regionalized variants of such staircase contours: These variants entail upward staircases with, metaphorically speaking, two steps; i.e. after the lower plateau and the rise up to a higher plateau, the pitch rises up again in order to form a third plateau. Depending upon the alignment of the second rise and the third plateau, with only the final unaccented syllable of the intonation phrase or with the nuclear accented syllable and the following tail, the contour needs to be distinguished, yielding either an 'upward staircase with an additional final rise plateau' or a 'double upward staircase'. These two contours are shown to be used in different conversational contexts and in different functions in the Dresden vernacular. - Data for this study come from natural speech by speakers of the Dresden vernacular. The phonetic and phonological analysis of the contour is based on auditive, acoustic-phonetic and phonological methodology; the functional analysis of the utterances with the salient contours relies on the techniques of conversation analysis Y1 - 2003 SN - 0301-3294 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Wolf-Dieter T1 - From text to text : Basic textual-linguistical principles of language-teaching (DAF) N2 - The text is one, if not the fundamental aspect of linguistic communication and should therefore also play a central role foreign language learning in educational establishments. In this article the author argues for an open concept of text, which includes as many products of linguistic communicative activity as possible. Language teaching is interpreted from a linguistic point of view as an intertextual phenomenon, which appears in various forms. Thus the teaching process as a whole can be described as a discourse between a number of participants. The teaching and learning process in the narrow sense moves between the poles of linguistic input, which is received by the learners, and linguistic output, the texts produced by the learners. The article discusses text-linguistic questions associated with the demonstration, model, initialising, information and control functions of the text input. The output of the learner is described in its specific qualities as a foreign-language text Y1 - 2003 SN - 0340-9341 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Michael T1 - Concerning satirical journalism and its version of the media text type "portrayal" N2 - So far, text linguistics has not shown any particular interest in the topic of satire, which appears to be narrowly defined in the media text type "satirical commentary" and to need little clarification. This view overlooks the fact that a satirical press, making use of almost all available journalistic text types, has existed for a long time. The aspects of the analysis discussed in this article provide a justification for why research on satire should be undertaken not only in literary studies, but also in text linguistics Y1 - 2003 SN - 0340-9341 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, A. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Sommerfeld, E. T1 - EEG coherence analysis for examining an automatizational deficit in dyslexia : a pilot study N2 - EEG coherence analysis for examining an automatizational deficit in dyslexia - a pilot study Objectives: Do dyslexic children exhibit a general automatizational deficit as well as a phonological deficit? Methods: In 1,6 children aged 9-11 years the reaction time, the number of mistakes and EEG (19 scalp electrodes) were measured in three experiments (verbal and nonverbal). The EEG data was baseline-corrected and after a fast fourier transformation, analyzed with the coherence tool of the Brainvision(C) Software. Results: The dyslexic group made more mistakes than the control group on all tasks but their reaction times were significantly longer only on the verbal tasks. There were no coherence differences on the nonverbal task. On the language-dependent tasks the dyslexics showed higher total-frontal and lower left-frontal coherences only in the theta-frequency range, while in the alpha and beta frequency ranges coherences did not differ. Conclusions: A language-dependent cognitive automatizational deficit in the dyslexic group is assumed that is depicted by the higher synchronization of total-frontal coherences (involvement of the central executive) and is based on the less established functional coupling of cortical subsystems for language processing Y1 - 2003 SN - 1422-4917 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rühl, Ralph A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatographic method for retinoid determination in biological samples N2 - In this study, a method for partly automated sample preparation and fully automated solid-phase extraction method for plasma, kidney and liver samples for various retinoids like all-trans-4-oxo-retinoic acid, 13-cis-4-oxo- retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl palmitate was established. Plasma, embryo-, kidney-and liver-homogenates were automatically mixed and extracted on multiple usage solid-phase (C2) extraction cartridges immediately before HPLC analysis. Automated cleaning, preconditioning and incorporation of the loaded cartridge to fully automated HPLC separation and quantification of the various retinoids in a single HPLC run was established. The recovery of the retinoids was generally between 80 and 90%. Intra-day repeatability was <11.7%. As little as 1.2 ng/ml could be quantified in lipid-mixture standard samples. This method allows a highly automated sample preparation and a fully automated solid-phase extraction with good selectivity for the study of endogenous retinoids and retinoids after nutritional supplementations and pharmacological applications in several biological samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rost, S. T1 - Individualization, socialization and communization : John Dewey's model of public life and the Self in George Herbert Mead Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selting, Margret T1 - Falling curves (Fallbogen) in the vernacular of Dresden (Intonation contours in German) N2 - This article describes a salient intonation contour of the Dresden urban vernacular which Gericke (1963) called 'Fallbogen' (falling curve). The contour is described both structurally and functionally. The structural analysis describes the phonetic trajectory of the contour and the phonological structure and alignment of the contour with the syllables of the utterance. In the functional analysis, the use of the contour is investigated in its conversational context. The 'Fallbogen' is reconstructed as a contour which is deployed in order to signal and constitute emphasis and heightened emotive involvement in talk-in-interaction; this analysis is validated with recourse to recipients' responses in the utterances following the use of the 'Fallbogen' contour Y1 - 2003 SN - 0340-9341 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrov, Valko A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Georgiev, Nikola T1 - Reconstructing differential equation from a time series N2 - This paper treats a problem of reconstructing ordinary differential equation from a single analytic time series with observational noise. We suppose that the noise is Gaussian (white). The investigation is presented in terms of classical theory of dynamical systems and modern time series analysis. We restrict our considerations on time series obtained as a numerical analytic solution of autonomous ordinary differential equation, solved with respect to the highest derivative and with polynomial right-hand side. In case of an approximate numerical solution with a rather small error, we propose a geometrical basis and a mathematical algorithm to reconstruct a low-order and low-power polynomial differential equation. To reduce the noise the given time series is smoothed at every point by moving polynomial averages using the least-squares method. Then a specific form of the least-squares method is applied to reconstruct the polynomial right-hand side of the unknown equation. We demonstrate for monotonous, periodic and chaotic solutions that this technique is very efficient Y1 - 2003 SN - 0218-1274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ou, Z. P. A1 - Tagliatesta, P. A1 - Senge, Mathias O. A1 - Shao, J. G. A1 - Kadish, K. M. T1 - Synthesis and electrochemical investigation of covalently linked porphyrin dimers containing a beta-brominated subunit : Crystal structure of H-2[tripp-tpp(Br-8)]H-2 N2 - Ten meso-tetraphenylporphyrin-type heterodimers containing a partly or completely beta-brominated subunit were synthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry, showing the presence of low electronic interactions between the two subunits. The investigated compounds are represented as M[(tripp- tpp(Br-4)]M and M[tripp-tpp(Br-8)]M (M = 2H, Zn, Ni, Co and Cu) where tripp-tpp(Br-4) is the tetraanion of 1-[5- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinyl)]-4-[10-(2,3,12,13-tetrabromoporphyr inyl)]-benzene and tripptpp(Br-8) is the tetraanion of 1-[5-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinyl)]-4-[10-(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabro moporphyrinyl)] -benzene. One of the synthesized dimers, H-2[tripp-tpp(Br-8)]H-2, was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray investigation. Copyright (C) 2003 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines Y1 - 2003 SN - 1088-4246 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müssig, Carsten A1 - Altmann, Thomas T1 - Genomic brassinosteroid effects N2 - Detailed analysis of brassinosteroid (BR)-regulated genes can provide evidence of the molecular basis of BR effects. Classical techniques (such as subtractive cDNA cloning) as well as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays have been applied to identify genes which are upregulated or downregulated after BR treatment or are differently expressed in BR-deficient or -insensitive mutants compared with wild type plants. Genes encoding cell-wall-modifying enzymes, enzymes of the BR biosynthetic pathway, auxin response factors, and transcription factors are subject to BR regulation. Effects on several other metabolic pathways and interactions with other phytohormones have been reported as well, although some of these effects may depend on certain environmental conditions (for example, light/dark or stress), the developmental stage of the plants, and tissue types. The identification of components of the BR signal transduction pathway revealed different modes of transcriptional control in animals and plants. Steroid signaling in plants comprises the plasma membrane receptor kinases BRI1 and BAK1 and intracellular protein phosphorylations. Thus, BR signaling in plants is reminiscent of growth factor and TGF-beta signal transduction in animals. The phosphorylation cascade could be a basis of extensive signaling cross-talk and thereby explain the complexity of BR responses Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfister, L. A1 - Kwadijk, J. A1 - Musy, A. A1 - Bronstert, Axel A1 - Hoffmann, L. T1 - Climate change, land use change and run-off prediction in the Rhine-Meuse basins N2 - As a consequence of increasing winter rainfall totals and intensities over the second half of the 20th century, signs of increased flooding probability in many areas of the Rhine and Meuse basins have been documented. These changes affecting rainfall characteristics are most evidently due to an increase in westerly atmospheric circulation types. Land use changes, particularly urbanization, can have significant local effects in small basins (headwaters) with respect to flooding, especially during heavy local rainstorms, but no evidence exists that land use change has had significant effects on peak flows in the rivers Rhine and Meuse. For the 21st century, most global circulation models suggest higher winter rainfall totals. Most hydrological simulations of the Rhine-Meuse river basins suggest an increased flooding probability, with a progressive shift of the Rhine from a 'rain-fed/meltwater' river into a mainly 'rain-fed' river. A very limited effect of changes in land use on the discharge regime seems to exist for the main branches of the Meuse and Rhine rivers. For mesoscale basins, future changes in peak flows depend on the changes in the variability of extreme precipitations in combination with land use changes. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd Y1 - 2003 SN - 1535-1459 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müssig, Carsten A1 - Altmann, Thomas T1 - Changes in gene expression in response to altered SHL transcript levels N2 - The nuclear SHL protein is composed of a N-terminal BAH domain and a C-terminal PHD finger. Both domains are found in transcriptional regulators and chromatin-modifying proteins. Arabidopsis plants over-expressing SHL showed earlier flowering and senescence phenotype. To identify SHL regulated genes, expression profiles of 35S::SHL plants were established with Affymetrix ATH1 microarrays. About 130 genes showed reduced transcript levels, and about 45 genes showed increased transcript levels in 35S:: SHL plants. The up-regulated genes included AGL20 and AGL9, which most likely cause the early flowering phenotype of 35S:: SHL plants. Late-flowering SHL-antisense lines showed reduced AGL20 mRNA levels, suggesting that AGL20 gene expression depends on the SHL protein. The stronger expression of senescence- and defence-related genes (such as DIN2, DIN11 and PR-1) is in line with the early senescence phenotype of SHL-over- expressing plants. SHL-down-regulated genes included stress response genes and the PSR3.2 gene (encoding a beta- glucosidase). SHL over-expression did not alter the tissue specificity of PSR3.2 gene expression, but resulted in reduced transcript levels in both shoots and roots. Plants with glucocorticoid-inducible SHL over-expression were established and used for expression profiling as well. A subset of genes was identified, which showed consistent changes in the inducible system and in plants with constitutive SHL over-expression Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Xiaochun A1 - Jahn, Bor-Ming A1 - Dong, Shuwen A1 - Li, Huimin A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland T1 - Neoproterozoic granitoid did not record ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism from the Southern Dabieshan of China N2 - It has been often debated whether all granitic gneisses associated with coesite-bearing eclogites in southern Dabieshan, China, have also been subjected to ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. We show here that a metagranitoid adjacent to the Bixiling eclogite-ultramafic complex has preserved primary granitic textures and an igneous mineral assemblage of biotite + plagioclase + microcline + quartz + allanite +/- amphibole. The absence of UPH recrystallization for the metagranitoid is particularly manifested by the conservation of euhedral-zoned plagioclase phenocrysts, the lack of corona garnets around igneous biotite, and the presence of an igneous mineral assemblage in zircons. The only metamorphic overprint was the epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism characterized by the assemblage of biotite + phengiticmica + epidote + albite + K-feldspar + quartz +/- amphibole Metamorphic conditions are estimated at ca. 550degrees-680degreesC and 6-13 kbar for the metagranitoid and its amphibolitic enclave. Geochemically, the metagranitoid is similar to its country gneiss and shows an affinity to volcanic arc granitoid. Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the Bixiling metagranitoid was emplaced during the Neoproterozoic (729+/-4 Ma), when most other granitic rocks and the protoliths of eclogite were also formed in Dabieshan. Taking into account the discovery of non-UHP granitic gneisses in other places, we argue that part of Neoproterozoic granitic rocks in the Dabieshan and Sulu terranes have escaped UHP metamorphism during the Triassic deep subduction of the continental crust as a consequence of a lack of penetrative deformation and fluid-rock interaction Y1 - 2003 SN - 0022-1376 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lezzi, Eva T1 - The inventoried and inventorly Self : Borderline cases of the autobiographical Y1 - 2003 SN - 0003-7982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wessel, Niels A1 - Malberg, A. T1 - Heart rate turbulence : an independent risk factor? Y1 - 2003 SN - 1045-3873 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brosch, Renate T1 - Stemming the torrent : expression and control in Victorian discourses on emotion, 1830 - 1872 Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhlbrodt, Till A1 - Monahan, A. H. T1 - Stochastic stability of open-ocean deep convection N2 - Open-ocean deep convection is a highly variable and strongly nonlinear process that plays an essential role in the global ocean circulation. A new view of its stability is presented here, in which variability, as parameterized by stochastic forcing, is central. The use of an idealized deep convection box model allows analytical solutions and straightforward conceptual understanding while retaining the main features of deep convection dynamics. In contrast to the generally abrupt stability changes in deterministic systems, measures of stochastic stability change smoothly in response to varying forcing parameters. These stochastic stability measures depend chiefly on the residence times of the system in different regions of phase space, which need not contain a stable steady state in the deterministic sense. Deep convection can occur frequently even for parameter ranges in which it is deterministically unstable; this effect is denoted wandering unimodality. The stochastic stability concepts are readily applied to other components of the climate system. The results highlight the need to take climate variability into account when analyzing the stability of a climate state Y1 - 2003 SN - 0022-3670 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter A1 - Henrich, D. A1 - Irrlitz, G. T1 - German-language philosophy 1949-1989 and in the future : an interview with Dieter Henrich and Gerd Irrlitz Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosta, Peter T1 - Syntactic and semantic characteristics of adverbs and negation in the Slavic languages (with special emphasis on Czech, Russian and South Slavic) : Syntaktische und semantische Besonderheiten von Adverb und Negation im Slavischen :[Beitrag zum XII. Internationalen Slavistenkongress in Ljubljana, 15.-21.08.2003] N2 - This paper follows on from investigations by the author on the status of sentential negation, sentential adverbials and adverbial adjuncts in Czech and Russian (cf. Kosta 1998, 2001, 2003). Based om new theories on Optimality and Minimalism, the attempt is made to examine the syntactic position and semantic characteristics of both types of adverbs (sentential and manner adverbs) on the basis of their relation to sentential negation, and at the same time to deal with such factors as scope, topic-focus-articulation, informational structure etc. The derivation of theoretical premises includes corpus linguistical data. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steuer, Ralf A1 - Zhou, Changsong A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Constructive effects of fluctuations in genetic and biochemical regulatory systems N2 - Biochemical and genetic regulatory systems that involve low concentrations of molecules are inherently noisy. This intrinsic stochasticity, has received considerable interest recently, leading to new insights about the sources and consequences of noise in complex systems of genetic regulation. However, most prior work was devoted to the reduction of fluctuation and the robustness of cellular function with respect to intrinsic noise. Here, we focus on several scenarios in which the inherent molecular fluctuations are not merely a nuisance, but act constructively and bring about qualitative changes in the dynamics of the system. It will be demonstrated that in many typical situations biochemical and genetic regulatory systems may utilize intrinsic noise to their advantage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved Y1 - 2003 SN - 0303-2647 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forster, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Cooper, Mark A. A1 - Roberts, Andrew C. A1 - Stanley, Chris J. A1 - Criddle, Alan J. A1 - Hawthorne, Frank C. A1 - Laflamme, J. H. Gilles A1 - Tischendorf, Gerhard T1 - Schlemaite, (Cu,square)(6)(Pb,Bi)Se-4, a new mineral species from Niederschlema-Alberoda, Erzgebirge, Germany : Description and crystal structure N2 - Schlemaite, with the simplified formula (Cu,rectangle)(6)(Pb,Bi)Se-4, is a new mineral species from the Niederschlema-Alberoda vein-type uranium deposit at Hartenstein, Erzgebirge, Germany. It occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains with no obvious forms or twinning, in aggregates of up to several hundred mum across, with berzelianite, eucairite and clausthalite in a dolomite-ankerite matrix. Schlemaite is black with a black streak and opaque with a metallic luster. It is brittle with an uneven fracture and no observable cleavage. It has a mean VHN (25 g load) of 106 kg/mm(2), which roughly equates to a Mobs hardness of 3. In plane-polarized reflected light, schlemaite is grey, non- pleochroic with a very weak bireflectance. It has very weak anisotropy, with rotation tints in shades of very pale metallic orange and blue, and shows no internal reflections. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded a mean composition Cu 38.86, Ag 2.57, An 0.07, Hg 0.09, Pb 13.75, Bi 9.12, Se 35.11, total 99.57 wt.%. The empirical formula (based on 4 Se apfu) is (Cu5.50Ag0.21)(Sigma5.71)(Pb0.60Bi0.39)(Sigma0.99)Se-4. The calculated density is 7.54 g/cm(3) (based on the empirical formula and unit-cell parameters refined from single-crystal data). Schlemaite is monoclinic, P2(1)/m, a 9.5341(8), b 4.1004(3), c 10.2546(8) Angstrom, beta 100.066(2)degrees, V 394.72(9) Angstrom(3), a:b:c 2.3252:1:2.5009, Z = 2. The crystal structure of schlemaite was solved by direct methods and refined to an R index of 4.8% using 1303 unique reflections collected on a four-circle diffractometer equipped with a CCD detector. The structure consists of intercalated ordered and disordered layers. The ordered layer consists of ladders of Ph2+ + Bi3+ coordinated by Se, the former showing strong lone-pair-stereoactive effects, and a network of Cu+ coordinated by Se anions. The disordered layer consists of an array of sites partly occupied by Cu+ and Ag+ in a variety of coordinations, and is characterized by strong short-range order. The strongest seven lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Angstrom(I)(hkl)] are: 3.189(100)(012), 3.132(100)(112), 2.601(70)(113), 2.505(50)(311), 2.151(60)(014), 2.058(80)(020) and 1.909(50)(314). Although schlemaite is chemically similar to furutobeite, (Cu,Ag)(6)PbS4, it is not isostructural with it. The mineral is named after the Schlema-Alberoda uranium ore field near Schneeberg in the ancient mining region of Saxony, Germany Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flöter, André A1 - Nicolas, Jacques A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Selbig, Joachim T1 - Threshold extraction in metabolite concentration data Y1 - 2003 UR - http://www.cs.uni-potsdam.de/wv/pdfformat/floeterGCB2003.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - The West revisited - Max Aub : writing (while) in motion Y1 - 2003 SN - 0034-8635 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - The centennial of Max Aub : Introduction Y1 - 2003 SN - 0034-8635 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ginelli, F. A1 - Ahlers, Volker A1 - Livi, R. A1 - Mukamel, D. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij A1 - Politi, Antonio A1 - Torcini, A. T1 - From multiplicative noise to directed percolation in wetting transitions N2 - A simple one-dimensional microscopic model of the depinning transition of an interface from an attractive hard wall is introduced and investigated. Upon varying a control parameter, the critical behavior observed along the transition line changes from a directed-percolation type to a multiplicative-noise type. Numerical simulations allow for a quantitative study of the multicritical point separating the two regions. Mean-field arguments and the mapping on yet a simpler model provide some further insight on the overall scenario Y1 - 2003 SN - 1063-651X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burghardt, I. A1 - Nest, Mathias A1 - Worth, G. A. T1 - Multiconfigurational system-bath dynamics using Gaussian wave packets : Energy relaxation and decoherence induced by a finite-dimensional bath Y1 - 2003 SN - 0021-9606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haberland, Christian A1 - Rietbrock, Andreas A1 - Schurr, B. A1 - Brasse, Heinrich T1 - Coincident anomalies of seismic attenuation and electrical resistivity beneath the southern Bolivian Altiplano plateau N2 - Reassessment of local earthquake data from the ANCORP seismological network allowed the calculation of 3D attenuation (Q(p)) tomographic images of crust and upper mantle beneath the southern Bolivian Altiplano around 21degrees S. The images reveal a low-Q(p) middle and lower crust and a moderate-Q(p) upper mantle beneath the southern Altiplano. Beneath the recent magmatic arc, Q(p) is not significantly decreased at this latitude. The distribution of crustal Q(p) coincides with the variation of electrical resistivity, thus limiting the possible mechanisms causing the anomalies. Our findings support the hypothesis that partial melts in middle and lower crust beneath the Altiplano are present on a large scale. We see no evidence for a shallow asthenosphere beneath the southern Altiplano Y1 - 2003 SN - 0094-8276 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anishchenko, Vadim S. A1 - Vadivasova, T. E. A1 - Kopeikin, A. S. A1 - Strelkova, G. I. A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Spectral and correlation analysis of spiral chaos N2 - We study numerically the behavior of the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the power spectrum of spiral attractors without and in the presence of noise. It is shown that the ACF decays exponentially and has two different time scales. The rate of the ACF decrease is defined by the amplitude fluctuations on small time intervals, i.e., when tau < tau(cor), and by the effective diffusion coefficient of the instantantaneous phase on large time intervals. it is also demonstrated that the ACF in the Poincare map also decreases according to the exponential law exp(-lambda(+)k), where lambda(+) is the positive Lyapunov exponent. The obtained results are compared with the theory of fluctuations for the Van der Pol oscillator Y1 - 2003 SN - 0219-4775 ER -