TY - JOUR A1 - Muro, Javier A1 - Linstädter, Anja A1 - Magdon, Paul A1 - Woellauer, Stephan A1 - Männer, Florian A. A1 - Schwarz, Lisa-Maricia A1 - Ghazaryan, Gohar A1 - Schultz, Johannes A1 - Malenovsky, Zbynek A1 - Dubovyk, Olena T1 - Predicting plant biomass and species richness in temperate grasslands across regions, time, and land management with remote sensing and deep learning JF - Remote sensing of environment : an interdisciplinary journal N2 - Spatial predictions of biomass production and biodiversity at regional scale in grasslands are critical to evaluate the effects of management practices across environmental gradients. New generations of remote sensing sensors and machine learning approaches can predict these grassland characteristics with varying accuracy. However, such studies frequently fail to cover a sufficiently broad range of environmental conditions, and their prediction models are often case-specific. To address this gap, we have modelled above-ground biomass and species richness in 150 spatially independent grassland plots of three geographical regions in Germany. These regions follow a North-South climate gradient and differ in soil types, topography, elevation, climatic conditions, historical contexts, and management intensities. The predictors tested in this study are Sentinel-1 backscatter, Sentinel-2 time series of surface reflectance along with derived vegetation indices and Rao's Q, and a set of topoedaphic variables. We compared the performance of a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) with a random forest (RF) regression algorithm. The DNN achieved the best estimations of biomass (r2 = 0.45) when trained with Sentinel-2 surface reflectance only. Moreover, the DNN showed a higher generalizability than RF during spatial cross-validations (i.e., calibrating and validating in different regions, r2 = 0.38 vs. 0.26). Species richness pre-dictions by both algorithms improved when the full time series of Sentinel-2 surface reflectance values were used (highest r2 = 0.42 achieved by the DNN), but both performed poorly during spatial cross-validations. Overall, the DNN-based models were more robust than RF models, showed a lower bias and lower systematic error, and required fewer inputs. Explainability analysis indicated that red-edge and near infrared information from May and October was the most relevant to predict species richness. This study presents an important step forward in generating robust spatially explicit predictions of grassland attributes and biodiversity variables across large areas, environmental gradients, and phenological stages. KW - Sentinel-1 KW - biodiversity KW - Machine learning KW - Modelling KW - Rao ?s Q; KW - Sentinel-2 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113262 SN - 0034-4257 SN - 1879-0704 VL - 282 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flemer, Burkhardt A1 - Gulati, Sneha A1 - Bergna, Alessandro A1 - Rändler, Manuela A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Witzel, Katja A1 - Berg, Gabriele A1 - Grosch, Rita T1 - Biotic and abiotic stress factors induce microbiome shifts and enrichment of distinct beneficial bacteria in tomato roots JF - Phytobiomes journal N2 - Crops are often simultaneously threatened by abiotic and biotic stress factors but the stress response of the plant holobiont is not well understood, despite the high importance of this response to ensure future plant production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of individual and combined abiotic (ionic and osmotic) and biotic ( Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum) stress factors on plant performance and on the bacterial composition of the root endosphere in tomato. Structure and function of the microbiota was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and a complementary cultivation approach, including in vitro and in vivo assays. Under all stress conditions, tomato growth and photosynthetic activity was reduced. Combined abiotic stressors with F. oxysporum but not with V. dahliae infection led to an additive negative effect on plant performance. All stress conditions induced a microbiome shift, and changed the relative abundance of phyla such as Firmicutes and classes of Proteobacteria. Endophytes identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Microbacterium spp. showed tolerance to abiotic stress conditions and plant beneficial effects. Stressor-specific enrichments of beneficial bacteria in the root were discovered (e.g., Paenibacillus in roots infected with F. oxysporum and Microbacterium in roots infected with V. dahliae). Interestingly, endophytes that were able to promote plant growth were obtained only from roots exposed to individual biotic and combined abiotic and biotic stress conditions but not individual abiotic stressors. Our study revealed stressor-specific enrichment of beneficial bacteria in tomato roots, which has implications for novel plant protection strategies. KW - combined stress factors KW - Fusarium KW - microbiome KW - osmotic stress KW - salinity KW - soilborne pathogens KW - Verticillium Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1094/PBIOMES-10-21-0067-R SN - 2471-2906 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 276 EP - 289 PB - American Phytopathological Society CY - St. Paul ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roeleke, Manuel A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E. A1 - Gallagher, Cara A1 - Pufelski, Jan A1 - Blohm, Torsten A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Toledo, Sivan A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Voigt, Christian C. T1 - Insectivorous bats form mobile sensory networks to optimize prey localization: The case of the common noctule bat JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - Animals that depend on ephemeral, patchily distributed prey often use public information to locate resource patches. The use of public information can lead to the aggregation of foragers at prey patches, a mechanism known as local enhancement. However, when ephemeral resources are distributed over large areas, foragers may also need to increase search efficiency, and thus apply social strategies when sampling the landscape. While sensory networks of visually oriented animals have already been confirmed, we lack an understanding of how acoustic eavesdropping adds to the formation of sensory networks. Here we radio-tracked a total of 81 aerial-hawking bats at very high spatiotemporal resolution during five sessions over 3 y, recording up to 19 individuals simultaneously. Analyses of interactive flight behavior provide conclusive evidence that bats form temporary mobile sensory networks by adjusting their movements to neighboring conspecifics while probing the airspace for prey. Complementary agent-based simulations confirmed that the observed movement patterns can lead to the formation of mobile sensory networks, and that bats located prey faster when networking than when relying only on local enhancement or searching solitarily. However, the benefit of networking diminished with decreasing group size. The combination of empirical analyses and simulations elucidates how animal groups use acoustic information to efficiently locate unpredictable and ephemeral food patches. Our results highlight that declining local populations of social foragers may thus suffer from Allee effects that increase the risk of collapses under global change scenarios, like insect decline and habitat degradation. KW - automated radio tracking KW - ephemerality KW - group foraging KW - simulation KW - sociality Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203663119 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 119 IS - 33 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Orf, Isabel A1 - Tenenboim, Hezi A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Bromke, Mariusz A. T1 - Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of a Pseudomonas-resistant versus a susceptible Arabidopsis accession JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Accessions of one plant species may show significantly different levels of susceptibility to stresses. The Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col-0 and C24 differ significantly in their resistance to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). To help unravel the underlying mechanisms contributing to this naturally occurring variance in resistance to Pst, we analyzed changes in transcripts and compounds from primary and secondary metabolism of Col-0 and C24 at different time points after infection with Pst. Our results show that the differences in the resistance of Col-0 and C24 mainly involve mechanisms of salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance, while responses of jasmonic-acid-dependent mechanisms are shared between the two accessions. In addition, arginine metabolism and differential activity of the biosynthesis pathways of aliphatic glucosinolates and indole glucosinolates may also contribute to the resistance. Thus, this study highlights the difference in the defense response strategies utilized by different genotypes. KW - Arabidopsis KW - Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato KW - resistance KW - systems approach Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012087 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Jun A1 - Chen, Xiaowen A1 - Hou, Xin A1 - Wang, Jingan A1 - Yue, Wucheng A1 - Huang, Shu A1 - Xu, Gangchun A1 - Yan, Jizhou A1 - Lu, Guoqing A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Li, Chenhong A1 - Wang, Chenghui T1 - "Omics" data unveil early molecular response underlying limb regeneration in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis JF - Science Advances N2 - Limb regeneration is a fascinating and medically interesting trait that has been well preserved in arthropod lineages, particularly in crustaceans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying arthropod limb regeneration remain largely elusive. The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis shows strong regenerative capacity, a trait that has likely allowed it to become a worldwide invasive species. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome of E. sinensis as well as large-scale transcriptome data during the limb regeneration process. Our results reveal that arthropod -specific genes involved in signal transduction, immune response, histone methylation, and cuticle development all play fundamental roles during the regeneration process. Particularly, Innexin2-mediated signal transduction likely facilitates the early stage of the regeneration process, while an effective crustacean-specific prophenoloxidase system (ProPo-AS) plays crucial roles in the initial immune response. Collectively, our findings uncover novel genetic pathways pertaining to arthropod limb regeneration and provide valuable resources for studies on regeneration from a comparative perspective. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl4642 SN - 2375-2548 VL - 8 IS - 37 PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington, DC [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gao, Qiancheng A1 - Ma, Xiaowan A1 - Wang, Zhichao A1 - Chen, Haisheng A1 - Luo, Yu A1 - Wu, Bi A1 - Qi, Shanni A1 - Lin, Miaozhen A1 - Tian, Jing A1 - Qiao, Ying A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Xu, Wei A1 - Huang, Lixing T1 - Seasonal variation, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio in a semi-enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China) JF - Marine pollution bulletin : the international journal for marine environmental scientists, engineers, administrators, politicians and lawyers N2 - In this study, the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance of culturable Vibrio and the environmental factors affecting Vibrio abundance were analyzed in four seasons in DongShan Bay with different intensity of aquaculture practice. A total of 253 bacteria isolates were obtained, of which 177 Vibrio strains belonged to 26 species. Annual Vibrio abundance in this region ranged from 20 to 11,600 CFU mL(-1) and the most significant positive correlation occurred with temperature. Detection of 9 different Vibrio virulence genes revealed that most isolates contained atypical virulence genes in addition to the typical ones. In particular, virulence genes of hemolysin such as tdh, trh, and hlyA (6.32 %, 15.52 %, and 11.30 %) showed different degrees of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In our antibiotic resistance test, the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 in different seasons, and three MAR Vibrio strains were detected. Overall, our study sheds new light on the spatial distribution patterns and the occurrence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistance Vibrio iso-lated from a subtropical bay with intensive aquaculture. Our study provides a suitable microbial quality sur-veillance in a mariculture impacted coastal environment. It will help to establish effective disease prevention measures in this area and provide useful guidance and support for formulating local antibiotics use policies. KW - Vibrio community dynamics KW - Virulence genes KW - Multiple antibiotic KW - resistance KW - Aquaculture KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Marine ecological KW - environment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114112 SN - 0025-326X SN - 1879-3363 VL - 184 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Yaqi A1 - Wang, Hongkai A1 - Xu, Sunde A1 - Liu, Kai A1 - Qi, Hao A1 - Wang, Mengcen A1 - Chen, Xiaoyulong A1 - Berg, Gabriele A1 - Ma, Zhonghua A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Chen, Yun T1 - Bacterial-fungal interactions under agricultural settings: from physical to chemical interactions JF - Stress biology N2 - Bacteria and fungi are dominant members of environmental microbiomes. Various bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) and their mutual regulation are important factors for ecosystem functioning and health. Such interactions can be highly dynamic, and often require spatiotemporally resolved assessments to understand the interplay which ranges from antagonism to mutualism. Many of these interactions are still poorly understood, especially in terms of the underlying chemical and molecular interplay, which is crucial for inter-kingdom communication and interference. BFIs are highly relevant under agricultural settings; they can be determinative for crop health. Advancing our knowledge related to mechanisms underpinning the interactions between bacteria and fungi will provide an extended basis for biological control of pests and pathogens in agriculture. Moreover, it will facilitate a better understanding of complex microbial community networks that commonly occur in nature. This will allow us to determine factors that are crucial for community assembly under different environmental conditions and pave the way for constructing synthetic communities for various biotechnological applications. Here, we summarize the current advances in the field of BFIs with an emphasis on agriculture. KW - bacterial-fungal interactions KW - biological control KW - synthetic communities KW - secondary metabolites Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-022-00046-1 SN - 2731-0450 VL - 2 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature, Northwest A&F University CY - Singapore, Yangling ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höfs, Soraya A1 - Huelague, Deniz A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Schenk, Jorg A. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf J. T1 - Electrochemical immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A sensing BT - steps forward in the application of 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine in amperometric assays JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes. KW - amperometry KW - cyclic voltammetry KW - immunoassays KW - screen-printed electrodes KW - 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100446 SN - 2196-0216 VL - 8 IS - 13 SP - 2597 EP - 2606 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra A1 - Sokolowska, Ewelina A1 - Sowa, Marcin A. A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Combination of network and molecule structure accurately predicts competitive inhibitory interactions JF - Computational and structural biotechnology journal N2 - Mining of metabolite-protein interaction networks facilitates the identification of design principles underlying the regulation of different cellular processes. However, identification and characterization of the regulatory role that metabolites play in interactions with proteins on a genome-scale level remains a pressing task. Based on availability of high-quality metabolite-protein interaction networks and genome-scale metabolic networks, here we propose a supervised machine learning approach, called CIRI that determines whether or not a metabolite is involved in a competitive inhibitory regulatory interaction with an enzyme. First, we show that CIRI outperforms the naive approach based on a structural similarity threshold for a putative competitive inhibitor and the substrates of a metabolic reaction. We also validate the performance of CIRI on several unseen data sets and databases of metabolite-protein interactions not used in the training, and demonstrate that the classifier can be effectively used to predict competitive inhibitory interactions. Finally, we show that CIRI can be employed to refine predictions about metabolite-protein interactions from a recently proposed PROMIS approach that employs metabolomics and proteomics profiles from size exclusion chromatography in E. coli to predict metaboliteprotein interactions. Altogether, CIRI fills a gap in cataloguing metabolite-protein interactions and can be used in directing future machine learning efforts to categorize the regulatory type of these interactions. KW - Metabolite-protein interactions KW - Genome-scale metabolic models KW - Supervised machine learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.012 SN - 2001-0370 VL - 19 SP - 2170 EP - 2178 PB - Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB) CY - Gotenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habel, Jan Christian A1 - Schmitt, Thomas A1 - Gros, Patrick A1 - Ulrich, Werner T1 - Breakpoints in butterfly decline in Central Europe over the last century JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Recent studies indicated severe decline of insect diversity and abundance across major parts of Central Europe. Theoretical studies showed that the drivers behind biodiversity loss vary considerably over time. However, these scenarios so far have been insufficiently approved by long-term and large-scale data. In this study we analysed the temporal trends of butterflies and Zygaenid moths across the federal state of Salzburg, northern Austria, from 1920 to 2019. Our study area covers a large variety of habitats and altitudes. Various changes of land use and intensification occurred during and shortly before our studied period, with a first wave of habitat destruction starting in the late 19th century, followed by the deterioration of habitat quality since the mid-20th century. We used 59,870 presence-only data of 168 butterfly and burnet moth species. Each of these species was classified according to ecological characteristics. Break point analyses for non-linear temporal trends in the community composition returned two major time windows. These time windows coincide with periods characterized by severe habitat destruction and the deterioration of habitat quality due to agricultural intensification. We found significant reductions of the proportion of species requiring specific habitats since 1920 and until today. We identified additional break points for species requiring high habitat qualities, endangered butterfly species, and sedentary species, particularly after a main break point in the 1960s. Our findings underline that, apart from habitat destruction, the deterioration of habitat quality is a main driver of biodiversity loss in general. Therefore, nature conservation should focus on maintaining the highest possible habitat quality. KW - biodiversity crisis KW - time series KW - species community assembly KW - species richness KW - relative abundance KW - trait assemblages KW - break points KW - multiple drivers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158315 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 851 IS - Part 2 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaw, Frank A1 - Kohler, Jorn A1 - Hawlitschek, Oliver A1 - Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M. A1 - Rakotoarison, Andolalao A1 - Scherz, Mark D. A1 - Vences, Miguel T1 - Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons JF - Scientific reports N2 - Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Berg, Christian A1 - Mora, Maximilian A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Function-based rhizosphere assembly along a gradient of desiccation in the former Aral Sea JF - mSystems N2 - The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities. Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways. In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights. By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages. In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria. The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. KW - Aral Sea KW - microbiome KW - desiccation KW - nutrient cycling KW - soil microorganisms KW - revegetation KW - archaea KW - bacteria KW - metagenome Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00739-22 SN - 2379-5077 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vyse, Stuart A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Pfalz, Gregor A1 - Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Nowaczyk, Norbert A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K. T1 - Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene BT - combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 16 SP - 4791 EP - 4816 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh A1 - Stüwe, Benno A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6 JF - Journal of experimental botany N2 - The transcription factor HSFA2 fine-tunes a balance between prolongation and resetting of thermomemory in Arabidopsis via the regulation of both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes. Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - FtsH6 KW - heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSP21 KW - thermomemory; KW - thermorecovery Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac257 SN - 0022-0957 SN - 1460-2431 VL - 73 IS - 18 SP - 6394 EP - 6404 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baumas, Chloe M. J. A1 - Le Moigne, Frédéric A. C. A1 - Garel, Marc A1 - Bhairy, Nagib A1 - Guasco, Sophie A1 - Riou, Virginie A1 - Armougom, Fabrice A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Tamburini, Christian T1 - Mesopelagic microbial carbon production correlates with diversity across different marine particle fractions JF - The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology N2 - The vertical flux of marine snow particles significantly reduces atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In the mesopelagic zone, a large proportion of the organic carbon carried by sinking particles dissipates thereby escaping long term sequestration. Particle associated prokaryotes are largely responsible for such organic carbon loss. However, links between this important ecosystem flux and ecological processes such as community development of prokaryotes on different particle fractions (sinking vs. non-sinking) are yet virtually unknown. This prevents accurate predictions of mesopelagic organic carbon loss in response to changing ocean dynamics. Using combined measurements of prokaryotic heterotrophic production rates and species richness in the North Atlantic, we reveal that carbon loss rates and associated microbial richness are drastically different with particle fractions. Our results demonstrate a strong negative correlation between prokaryotic carbon losses and species richness. Such a trend may be related to prokaryotes detaching from fast-sinking particles constantly enriching non-sinking associated communities in the mesopelagic zone. Existing global scale data suggest this negative correlation is a widespread feature of mesopelagic microbes. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00880-z SN - 1751-7362 SN - 1751-7370 VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 1695 EP - 1708 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirschberg, Stefan A1 - Bauer, Hannes A1 - Kamhieh-Milz, Julian A1 - Ringel, Frauke A1 - Harms, Christoph A1 - Eddin, Omar Kamal A1 - Pruss, Axel A1 - Hanack, Katja A1 - Schulze-Forster, Kai T1 - SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) specifically detect humoral immune reactions in an ELISA-Based Platform JF - Antibodies N2 - A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by Western blot, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy subjects, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and forty-four samples more than three weeks after infection. All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein. Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 100% for the certified IVD. There were seven samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA demonstrated a superior performance, with a sensitivity of 97.5%, a specificity of 100%, and only three uncertain outcomes. This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen. KW - virus-like particle (VLP) KW - SARS-CoV-2 in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) KW - immune reaction KW - antibodies Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/antib11040076 SN - 2073-4468 VL - 11 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dreymann, Nico A1 - Sabrowski, Wiebke A1 - Danso, Jennifer A1 - Menger, Marcus T1 - Aptamer-based sandwich assay formats for detection and discrimination of human high- and low-molecular-weight uPA for cancer prognosis and diagnosis JF - Cancers / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) N2 - Simple Summary Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a widely discussed biomarker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. The gold standard for the determination of protein biomarkers in physiological samples is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, antibodies are used to detect the specific protein. In our study, recently published urokinase aptamers were tested for their use in a sandwich assay format as alternative specific recognition elements. Different aptamer combinations were used for the detection of uPA in a sandwich-assay format and a combination of aptamers and antibodies additionally allowed the differentiation of human high and low molecular weight- (HMW- and LMW-) uPA. Hence, uPA aptamers offer a valuable alternative as specific recognition elements for analytical purposes. Since aptamers are easy to synthesize and modify, they can be used as a cost-effective alternative in sandwich assay formats for the detection of uPA in physiological samples. Abstract Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (urokinase, uPA) is a frequently discussed biomarker for prognosis, diagnosis, and recurrence of cancer. In a previous study, we developed ssDNA aptamers that bind to different forms of human urokinase, which are therefore assumed to have different binding regions. In this study, we demonstrate the development of aptamer-based sandwich assays that use different combinations of these aptamers to detect high molecular weight- (HMW-) uPA in a micro titer plate format. By combining aptamers and antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between HMW-uPA and low molecular weight- (LMW-) uPA. For the best performing aptamer combination, we calculated the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in spiked buffer and urine samples with an LOD up to 50 ng/mL and 138 ng/mL, respectively. To show the specificity and sequence dependence of the reporter aptamer uPAapt-02-FR, we have identified key nucleotides within the sequence that are important for specific folding and binding to uPA using a fluorescent dye-linked aptamer assay (FLAA). Since uPA is a much-discussed marker for prognosis and diagnosis in various types of cancers, these aptamers and their use in a micro titer plate assay format represent a novel, promising tool for the detection of uPA and for possible diagnostic applications. KW - ALISA KW - aptamer KW - biomarker KW - cancer prognosis KW - early stage cancer detection KW - ELONA KW - sandwich assay KW - uPA KW - urokinase Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215222 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 21 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Stella A1 - Kerestetzopoulou, Sofia A1 - Wiebach, Vincent A1 - Schnegotzki, Romina A1 - Schmid, Bianca A1 - Reyna-Gonzalez, Emmanuel A1 - Ding, Ling A1 - Süssmuth, Roderich D. A1 - Dittmann, Elke A1 - Baunach, Martin T1 - One-Pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of microviridin analogs containing functional tags JF - ChemBioChem : an official journal of the EFMC N2 - Microviridins are a prominent family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) featuring characteristic lactone and lactam rings. Their unusual cage-like architecture renders them highly potent serine protease inhibitors of which individual variants specifically inhibit different types of proteases of pharmacological interest. While posttranslational modifications are key for the stability and bioactivity of RiPPs, additional attractive properties can be introduced by functional tags. To date - although highly desirable - no method has been reported to incorporate functional tags in microviridin scaffolds or the overarching class of graspetides. In this study, a chemoenzymatic in vitro platform is used to introduce functional tags in various microviridin variants yielding biotinylated, dansylated or propargylated congeners. This straightforward approach paves the way for customized protease inhibitors with built-in functionalities that can help to unravel the still elusive ecological roles and targets of this remarkable class of compounds and to foster applications based on protease inhibition. KW - chemoenzymatic synthesis KW - protease inhibitors KW - microviridins KW - RiPPs KW - synthetic biology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202200345 SN - 1439-4227 SN - 1439-7633 VL - 23 IS - 20 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Krumpholz, Laura A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Hoefgen, Rainer A1 - Ogden, Michael T1 - Shoot herbivory by grasshoppers has stronger effects on root morphology than clipping JF - Plant ecology : an international journal N2 - Studies investigating the effect of aboveground herbivory on plants often use clipping to simulate the effects of herbivores, for practical reasons. However, herbivore movements and transfer of oral secretions during herbivory may cause a different response in plant physiology and morphology compared to clipping. While studies have compared effects of real herbivory vs. clipping on biomass production, plant physiology, and shoot morphology, no study has compared such effects on root morphology. Therefore, we investigated the effect of herbivory by grasshoppers, herbivory simulated by clipping, and no herbivory on root morphological traits of ten grassland plant species. Root morphological traits were differently affected by the two herbivory treatments. Grasshopper herbivory significantly changed root morphology toward thinner roots with increased specific root length and root area, and decreased root tissue density compared to untreated control plants. Clipping had mostly similar, but weaker effects on root morphology than grasshopper herbivory. On the species level, grasshopper herbivory led to strongest changes in root morphology in almost all cases. In contrast, depending on the species, clipping resulted in varying root morphological trait values similar to grasshopper-damaged plants, or in some cases, more closely aligned with control plants. Though clipping was partly able to mimic the effects of herbivory by grasshoppers, results also indicate that, depending on the species, grasshopper herbivory had different but mostly stronger effects. We, therefore, recommend that future studies apply herbivory with real herbivores to better reflect natural responses in plants and related processes that root morphological traits mediate. KW - root morphology KW - root traits KW - clipping KW - herbivory KW - grasshopper Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-022-01259-0 SN - 1385-0237 SN - 1573-5052 VL - 223 IS - 9 SP - 1069 EP - 1078 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schödl, Isabel A1 - Odemer, Richard A1 - Becher, Matthias A. A1 - Berg, Stefan A1 - Otten, Christoph A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Groeneveld, Jürgen T1 - Simulation of Varroa mite control in honey bee colonies without synthetic acaricides: demonstration of Good Beekeeping Practice for Germany in the BEEHAVE model JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - The BEEHAVE model simulates the population dynamics and foraging activity of a single honey bee colony (Apis mellifera) in great detail. Although it still makes numerous simplifying assumptions, it appears to capture a wide range of empirical observations. It could, therefore, in principle, also be used as a tool in beekeeper education, as it allows the implementation and comparison of different management options. Here, we focus on treatments aimed at controlling the mite Varroa destructor. However, since BEEHAVE was developed in the UK, mite treatment includes the use of a synthetic acaricide, which is not part of Good Beekeeping Practice in Germany. A practice that consists of drone brood removal from April to June, treatment with formic acid in August/September, and treatment with oxalic acid in November/December. We implemented these measures, focusing on the timing, frequency, and spacing between drone brood removals. The effect of drone brood removal and acid treatment, individually or in combination, on a mite-infested colony was examined. We quantify the efficacy of Varroa mite control as the reduction of mites in treated bee colonies compared to untreated bee colonies. We found that drone brood removal was very effective, reducing mites by 90% at the end of the first simulation year after the introduction of mites. This value was significantly higher than the 50-67% reduction expected by bee experts and confirmed by empirical studies. However, literature reports varying percent reductions in mite numbers from 10 to 85% after drone brood removal. The discrepancy between model results, empirical data, and expert estimates indicate that these three sources should be reviewed and refined, as all are based on simplifying assumptions. These results and the adaptation of BEEHAVE to the Good Beekeeping Practice are a decisive step forward for the future use of BEEHAVE in beekeeper education in Germany and anywhere where organic acids and drone brood removal are utilized. KW - acaricides KW - BEEHAVE KW - beekeeping KW - drones KW - education KW - honey bees KW - modelling KW - pest control KW - Varroa mite Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9456 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 11 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Philipp A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Seckler, Henrik A1 - Hering, Robert A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Directedeness, correlations, and daily cycles in springbok motion BT - from data via stochastic models to movement prediction JF - Physical review research N2 - How predictable is the next move of an animal? Specifically, which factors govern the short- and long-term motion patterns and the overall dynamics of land-bound, plant-eating animals in general and ruminants in particular? To answer this question, we here study the movement dynamics of springbok antelopes Antidorcas marsupialis. We propose several complementary statistical-analysis techniques combined with machine-learning approaches to analyze—across multiple time scales—the springbok motion recorded in long-term GPS tracking of collared springboks at a private wildlife reserve in Namibia. As a result, we are able to predict the springbok movement within the next hour with a certainty of about 20%. The remaining about 80% are stochastic in nature and are induced by unaccounted factors in the modeling algorithm and by individual behavioral features of springboks. We find that directedness of motion contributes approximately 17% to this predicted fraction. We find that the measure for directedeness is strongly dependent on the daily cycle of springbok activity. The previously known daily affinity of springboks to their water points, as predicted from our machine-learning algorithm, overall accounts for only about 3% of this predicted deterministic component of springbok motion. Moreover, the resting points are found to affect the motion of springboks at least as much as the formally studied effects of water points. The generality of these statements for the motion patterns and their underlying behavioral reasons for other ruminants can be examined on the basis of our statistical-analysis tools in the future. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043129 SN - 2643-1564 VL - 5 IS - 4 PB - APS CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guillen, Rafael Arce A1 - Lindgren, Finn A1 - Muff, Stefanie A1 - Glass, Thomas W. A1 - Breed, Greg A. A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike T1 - Accounting for unobserved spatial variation in step selection analyses of animal movement via spatial random effects JF - Methods in ecology and evolution : MEE N2 - Step selection analysis (SSA) is a common framework for understanding animal movement and resource selection using telemetry data. Such data are, however, inherently autocorrelated in space, a complication that could impact SSA‐based inference if left unaddressed. Accounting for spatial correlation is standard statistical practice when analysing spatial data, and its importance is increasingly recognized in ecological models (e.g. species distribution models). Nonetheless, no framework yet exists to account for such correlation when analysing animal movement using SSA. Here, we extend the popular method integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) by including a Gaussian field (GF) in the linear predictor to account for spatial correlation. For this, we use the Bayesian framework R‐INLA and the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) technique. We show through a simulation study that our method provides accurate fixed effects estimates, quantifies their uncertainty well and improves the predictions. In addition, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method by applying it to three wolverine (Gulo gulo) tracks. Our method solves the problems of assuming spatially independent residuals in the SSA framework. In addition, it offers new possibilities for making long‐term predictions of habitat usage. KW - animal movement KW - habitat selection KW - inlabru KW - spatial statistics KW - step selection analysis KW - telemetry data Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14208 SN - 2041-210X VL - 14 IS - 10 SP - 2639 EP - 2653 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Villalba, Luis Alberto A1 - Kasada, Minoru A1 - Zoccarato, Luca A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Grossart, Hans Peter T1 - Differing escape responses of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of planktonic vs. surface-associated protist grazers JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Protist grazing pressure plays a major role in controlling aquatic bacterial populations, affecting energy flow through the microbial loop and biogeochemical cycles. Predator-escape mechanisms might play a crucial role in energy flow through the microbial loop, but are yet understudied. For example, some bacteria can use planktonic as well as surface-associated habitats, providing a potential escape mechanism to habitat-specific grazers. We investigated the escape response of the marine bacterium Marinobacter adhaerens in the presence of either planktonic (nanoflagellate: Cafeteria roenbergensis) or surface-associated (amoeba: Vannella anglica) protist predators, following population dynamics over time. In the presence of V. anglica, M. adhaerens cell density increased in the water, but decreased on solid surfaces, indicating an escape response towards the planktonic habitat. In contrast, the planktonic predator C. roenbergensis induced bacterial escape to the surface habitat. While C. roenbergensis cell numbers dropped substantially after a sharp initial increase, V. anglica exhibited a slow, but constant growth throughout the entire experiment. In the presence of C. roenbergensis, M. adhaerens rapidly formed cell clumps in the water habitat, which likely prevented consumption of the planktonic M. adhaerens by the flagellate, resulting in a strong decline in the predator population. Our results indicate an active escape of M. adhaerens via phenotypic plasticity (i.e., behavioral and morphological changes) against predator ingestion. This study highlights the potentially important role of behavioral escape mechanisms for community composition and energy flow in pelagic environments, especially with globally rising particle loads in aquatic systems through human activities and extreme weather events. KW - pelagic environment KW - microbial loop KW - bacterial lifestyles KW - adaptive dynamics KW - inducible defense KW - habitat choice KW - predator-prey interactions KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - bacterial defensive mechanisms Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710082 SN - 1661-6596 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrich, Annett A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore T1 - Influenza a virus infection alters lipid packing and surface electrostatic potential of the host plasma membrane JF - Viruses N2 - The pathogenesis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is influenced by several factors, including IAV strain origin and reassortment, tissue tropism and host type. While such factors were mostly investigated in the context of virus entry, fusion and replication, little is known about the viral-induced changes to the host lipid membranes which might be relevant in the context of virion assembly. In this work, we applied several biophysical fluorescence microscope techniques (i.e., Förster energy resonance transfer, generalized polarization imaging and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) to quantify the effect of infection by two IAV strains of different origin on the plasma membrane (PM) of avian and human cell lines. We found that IAV infection affects the membrane charge of the inner leaflet of the PM. Moreover, we showed that IAV infection impacts lipid–lipid interactions by decreasing membrane fluidity and increasing lipid packing. Because of such alterations, diffusive dynamics of membrane-associated proteins are hindered. Taken together, our results indicate that the infection of avian and human cell lines with IAV strains of different origins had similar effects on the biophysical properties of the PM. KW - fluorescence microscopy KW - spectral imaging KW - quantitative microscopy KW - fluorescence correlation spectroscopy KW - fluorescence resonance energy transfer KW - biosensors KW - plasma membrane KW - membrane fluidity KW - lipid packing KW - influenza A virus Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v15091830 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 15 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bocedi, Greta A1 - Palmer, Stephen C. F. A1 - Malchow, Anne-Kathleen A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Watts, Kevin A1 - Travis, Justin M. J. T1 - RangeShifter 2.0 BT - an extended and enhanced platform for modelling environmental changes JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos N2 - Process-based models are becoming increasingly used tools for understanding how species are likely to respond to environmental changes and to potential management options. RangeShifter is one such modelling platform, which has been used to address a range of questions including identifying effective reintroduction strategies, understanding patterns of range expansion and assessing population viability of species across complex landscapes. Here we introduce a new version, RangeShifter 2.0, which incorporates important new functionality. It is now possible to simulate dynamics over user-specified, temporally changing landscapes. Additionally, we integrated a new genetic module, notably introducing an explicit genetic modelling architecture, which allows for simulation of neutral and adaptive genetic processes. Furthermore, emigration, transfer and settlement traits can now all evolve, allowing for sophisticated simulation of the evolution of dispersal. We illustrate the potential application of RangeShifter 2.0's new functionality by two examples. The first illustrates the range expansion of a virtual species across a dynamically changing UK landscape. The second demonstrates how the software can be used to explore the concept of evolving connectivity in response to land-use modification, by examining how movement rules come under selection over landscapes of different structure and composition. RangeShifter 2.0 is built using object-oriented C++ providing computationally efficient simulation of complex individual-based, eco-evolutionary models. The code has been redeveloped to enable use across operating systems, including on high performance computing clusters, and the Windows graphical user interface has been enhanced. RangeShifter 2.0 will facilitate the development of in-silico assessments of how species will respond to environmental changes and to potential management options for conserving or controlling them. By making the code available open source, we hope to inspire further collaborations and extensions by the ecological community. KW - animal movement KW - connectivity KW - distribution modelling KW - dynamic KW - landscapes KW - individual-based modelling KW - population viability KW - process-based modelling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05687 SN - 0906-7590 SN - 1600-0587 VL - 44 IS - 10 SP - 1453 EP - 1462 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Machin, Laura A1 - Piontek, Martin A1 - Todhe, Sara A1 - Staniek, Katrin A1 - Monzote, Lianet A1 - Fudickar, Werner A1 - Linker, Torsten A1 - Gille, Lars T1 - Antileishmanial anthracene endoperoxides: efficacy in vitro, mechanisms and structure-activity relationships JF - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry N2 - Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoal Leishmania parasites. Previous studies have shown that endoperoxides (EP) can selectively kill Leishmania in host cells. Therefore, we studied in this work a set of new anthracene-derived EP (AcEP) together with their non-endoperoxidic analogs in model systems of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) and J774 macrophages for their antileishmanial activity and selectivity. The mechanism of effective compounds was explored by studying their reaction with iron (II) in chemical systems and in Leishmania. The correlation of structural parameters with activity demonstrated that in this compound set, active compounds had a LogP(OW) larger than 3.5 and a polar surface area smaller than 100 angstrom(2). The most effective compounds (IC50 in LtP < 2 mu M) with the highest selectivity (SI > 30) were pyridyl-/tert-butyl-substituted AcEP. Interestingly, also their analogs demonstrated activity and selectivity. In mechanistic studies, it was shown that EP were activated by iron in chemical systems and in LtP due to their EP group. However, the molecular structure beyond the EP group significantly contributed to their differential mitochondrial inhibition in Leishmania. The identified compound pairs are a good starting point for subsequent experiments in pathogenic Leishmania in vitro and in animal models. KW - endoperoxides KW - Leishmania KW - radicals KW - iron KW - anthracene KW - electron paramagnetic resonance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206846 SN - 1420-3049 VL - 27 IS - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Groth, Detlef T1 - Winner-loser effects improve social network efficiency between competitors with equal resource holding power JF - Scientific reports N2 - Animal societies are structured of dominance hierarchy (DH). DH can be viewed as networks and analyzed by graph theory. We study the impact of state-dependent feedback (winner-loser effect) on the emergence of local dominance structures after pairwise contests between initially equal-ranking members (equal resource-holding-power, RHP) of small and large social groups. We simulated pairwise agonistic contests between individuals with and without a priori higher RHP by Monte-Carlo-method. Random pairwise contests between equal-ranking competitors result in random dominance structures (‘Null variant’) that are low in transitive triads and high in pass along triads; whereas state-dependent feedback (‘Winner-loser variant’) yields centralized ‘star’ structured DH that evolve from competitors with initially equal RHP and correspond to hierarchies that evolve from keystone individuals. Monte-Carlo simulated DH following state-dependent feedback show motif patterns very similar to those of a variety of natural DH, suggesting that state-dependent feedback plays a pivotal role in robust self-organizing phenomena that transcend the specifics of the individual. Self-organization based on state-dependent feedback leads to social structures that correspond to those resulting from pre-existing keystone individuals. As the efficiency of centralized social networks benefits both, the individual and the group, centralization of social networks appears to be an important evolutionary goal. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41225-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergholz, Kolja A1 - Balthasar, Cathrina A1 - Weiss, Anne-Marie A1 - Brunkhardt, Jennifer A1 - Ristow, Michael A1 - Weiß, Lina T1 - Niche differentiation of arthropods and plants along small-scale gradients in temporary wetlands (kettle holes) JF - Basic and applied ecology : journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - Small temporary wetlands, like kettle holes, provide many valuable ecosystem functions and serve as refuge habitats in otherwise monotonous agricultural landscapes. However, the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity in these habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how three taxa (vascular plants, ground beetles and spiders) respond to small-scale flooding and disturbance gradients in kettle holes as well as kettle hole area. For this purpose, we determined total, hygrophilic and red list species richness for all taxa and activity density for arthropods along transects extending from the edge towards the center of kettle holes. Furthermore, we calculated the community-weighted mean body size for arthropods and seed mass for plants as surrogates for the ability to respond to disturbance. Our analyses revealed that in particular plants and ground beetles showed strong responses along the small-scale spatial gradient. Total plant species richness decreased towards the center, while hygrophilic plant species increased. In contrast, both total and hygrophilic species richness of ground beetles increased towards the center. Spiders showed similar responses as ground beetles, but less pronounced. We found no evidence that disturbance at the edge of kettle holes leads to smaller body sizes or seed masses. However, arthropods in adjacent arable fields (one meter from the kettle hole edge) were particularly small. Kettle hole area had only weak effects on plants, but not on arthropods. Our study indicates that differences in the depth at the drier edge and the moist, regularly flooded center have a large and taxon-dependent influence on the species composition. Therefore, small-scale heterogeneity seems to be an important predictor for the maintenance of species diversity. KW - Carabidae KW - Biodiversity KW - Body length KW - Potholes KW - Pond KW - Vernal pool KW - Land-use intensification KW - Drainage KW - Plant functional trait Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003 SN - 1439-1791 SN - 1618-0089 VL - 73 SP - 10 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Hemant A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Changing the electron acceptor specificity of rhodobacter capsulatus formate dehydrogenase from NAD+ to NADP+ JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Formate dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. These enzymes play an important role in CO2 reduction and serve as nicotinamide cofactor recycling enzymes. More recently, the CO2-reducing activity of formate dehydrogenases, especially metal-containing formate dehydrogenases, has been further explored for efficient atmospheric CO2 capture. Here, we investigate the nicotinamide binding site of formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus for its specificity toward NAD+ vs. NADP+ reduction. Starting from the NAD+-specific wild-type RcFDH, key residues were exchanged to enable NADP+ binding on the basis of the NAD+-bound cryo-EM structure (PDB-ID: 6TG9). It has been observed that the lysine at position 157 (Lys157) in the β-subunit of the enzyme is essential for the binding of NAD+. RcFDH variants that had Glu259 exchanged for either a positively charged or uncharged amino acid had additional activity with NADP+. The FdsBL279R and FdsBK276A variants also showed activity with NADP+. Kinetic parameters for all the variants were determined and tested for activity in CO2 reduction. The variants were able to reduce CO2 using NADPH as an electron donor in a coupled assay with phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH), which regenerates NADPH. This makes the enzyme suitable for applications where it can be coupled with other enzymes that use NADPH. KW - molybdoenzymes KW - changing cofactor specificity KW - formate dehyrogenases KW - enzyme engineering Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216067 SN - 1422-0067 SN - 1661-6596 VL - 24 IS - 22 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laun, Konstantin A1 - Duffus, Benjamin R. A1 - Kumar, Hemant A1 - Oudsen, Jean-Pierre H. A1 - Karafoulidi-Retsou, Chara A1 - Waffo, Armel Tadjoung A1 - Hildebrandt, Peter A1 - Ly, Khoa Hoang A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Katz, Sagie A1 - Zebger, Ingo T1 - A minimal light-driven system to study the enzymatic CO2 reduction of formate dehydrogenase JF - ChemCatChem : the European Society Journal for Catalysis N2 - A minimal light-driven approach was established for studying enzymatic CO2 conversion spectroscopically. The system consists of a photosensitizer Eosin Y, EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor and substrate source, and formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcFDH) as a biocatalyst. This simplified three-component system provides a photo-triggered control for in situ characterization of the entire catalytic reaction. Direct reduction of RcFDH by the photosensitizer without additional electron carriers was confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, while GC-MS and IR spectroscopy were used to follow photoinduced CO2 generation from EDTA and its subsequent enzymatic reduction, yielding the product formate. Photo-driven and in vitro, dye-based CO2 reduction was inhibited by azide under a mixed (competitive-non-competitive) inhibition mode. IR spectroscopy reveals displacement of the competitively-bound azide by CO2, reflecting an interaction of both with the active site cofactor. This work comprises a proof-of-concept for a new approach to employ light for regulating the reaction of formate dehydrogenases and other CO2 reductases. KW - CO2 reduction KW - EDTA KW - IR spectroscopy KW - molybdoenzyme KW - photosensitizer Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202201067 SN - 1867-3880 SN - 1867-3899 VL - 14 IS - 24 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bogin, Barry A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story of human body size JF - Journal of physiological anthropology N2 - Carl Bergmann was an astute naturalist and physiologist. His ideas about animal size and shape were important advances in the pre-Darwinian nineteenth century. Bergmann's rule claims that that in cold climates, large body mass increases the ratio of volume-to-surface area and provides for maximum metabolic heat retention in mammals and birds. Conversely, in warmer temperatures, smaller body mass increases surface area relative to volume and allows for greater heat loss. For humans, we now know that body size and shape are regulated more by social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) factors as well as nutrition-infection interactions. Temperature has virtually no effect. Bergmann's rule is a "just-so" story and should be relegated to teaching and scholarship about the history of science. That "rule" is no longer acceptable science and has nothing to tell us about physiological anthropology. KW - Developmental plasticity KW - SEPE KW - Body size KW - Body shape Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00287-z SN - 1880-6805 VL - 41 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Kurbanoglu, Sevinc T1 - Molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors for SARS-CoV-2 BT - where are we now? JF - Biomimetics N2 - Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in 2019 in China and the official declaration from the World Health Organization in March 2021 as a pandemic, fast and accurate diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has played a major role worldwide. For this reason, various methods have been developed, comprising reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoassays, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and bio(mimetic)sensors. Among the developed methods, RT-PCR is so far the gold standard. Herein, we give an overview of the MIP-based sensors utilized since the beginning of the pandemic. KW - molecularly imprinted polymers KW - biomimetic sensors KW - SARS-CoV-2 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020058 SN - 2313-7673 VL - 7 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitzscherling, Julia A1 - MacLean, Joana A1 - Lipus, Daniel A1 - Bartholomäus, Alexander A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Lipski, Andre A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Wagner, Dirk T1 - Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov., a novel species of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from plastic waste JF - International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology N2 - Strain NGK35T is a motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped (1.0-2.1 mu m long and 0.6-0.8 mu m wide), aerobic bacterium that was isolated from plastic-polluted landfill soil. The strain grew at temperatures between 6 and 37 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C), in 0-10 % NaCl (optimum, 1 %) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.5). It was positive for cytochrome c oxidase, catalase as well as H2S production, and hydrolysed casein and urea. It used a variety of different carbon sources including citrate, lactate and pyruvate. The predominant membrane fatty acids were C-16:1 cis9 and C-16:0, followed by C-17:0 cyclo and C-18:1 cis11. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by diphosphatidyglycerol. The only quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NGK35(T) belongs to the genus Paenalcaligenes (family Alcaligenaceae), appearing most closely related to Paenalcaligenes hominis CCUG 53761A(T) (96.90 %) and Paenalcaligenes suwonensis ABC02-12(T) (96.94 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain NGK35(T) was 52.1 mol%. Genome-based calculations (genome-to-genome distance, average nucleotide identity and DNA G+C content) clearly indicated that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Paenalcaligenes. Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization, strain NGK35(T) can clearly be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbours establishing a novel species, for which the name Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NGK35T (=DSM 113270(T)=NCCB 100854(T)). Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005333 SN - 1466-5026 SN - 1466-5034 VL - 72 IS - 4 PB - Microbiology Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheshmeh, Sahar A1 - Elahi, Negin A1 - Ghayyem, Maysa A1 - Mosaieby, Elaheh A1 - Moradi, Shima A1 - Pasdar, Yahya A1 - Tahmasebi, Susan A1 - Moradinazar, Mehdi T1 - Effect of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome BT - a double blind randomized controlled trial JF - Genes & nutrition N2 - Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease in which related to obesity, metabolic disorders and is considered as one of the main causes of infertility in women. This trial was investigated the effects of green cardamom on the expression of genes implicated in obesity and diabetes among obese women with PCOS. Methods: One hundred ninety-four PCOS women were randomly divided two groups: intervention (n = 99; 3 g/day green cardamom) and control groups (n = 95). All of them were given low calorie diet. Anthropometric, glycemic and androgen hormones were assessed before and after 16-week intervention. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to measure fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferative activating receptor- (PPAR-), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACAB), leptin receptor (LEPR), ghrelin, and lamin A/C (LAMIN) genes expression in each group. Results: Anthropometric indices were significantly decreased after intervention in both two studied groups. Glycemic indices and androgen hormones were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. The expression levels of FTO, CPT1A, LEPR, and LAMIN were significantly downregulated compared to control group (P < 0.001), as well as, PPAR-y was significantly upregulated in the intervention group after intervention with green cardamom compared to control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This current study showed that the administration of green cardamom is a beneficial approach for improving anthropometric, glycemic, and androgen hormones, as well as obesity and diabetes genes expression in PCOS women under the low-calorie diet. KW - polycystic ovary syndrome KW - green cardamom KW - obesity genes KW - diabetes genes Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12263-022-00719-6 SN - 1865-3499 VL - 17 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grzesiuk, Malgorzata A1 - Pietrzak, Barbara A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Pijanowska, Joanna T1 - Photosynthetic activity in both algae and cyanobacteria changes in response to cues of predation JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - A plethora of adaptive responses to predation has been described in microscopic aquatic producers. Although the energetic costs of these responses are expected, with their consequences going far beyond an individual, their underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms are not fully known. One, so far hardly considered, is if and how the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton might change in response to the predation cues. Our main aim was to identify such responses in phytoplankton and to detect if they are taxon-specific. We exposed seven algae and seven cyanobacteria species to the chemical cues of an efficient consumer, Daphnia magna, which was fed either a green alga, Acutodesmus obliquus, or a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus (kairomone and alarm cues), or was not fed (kairomone alone). In most algal and cyanobacterial species studied, the quantum yield of photosystem II increased in response to predator fed cyanobacterium, whereas in most of these species the yield did not change in response to predator fed alga. Also, cyanobacteria tended not to respond to a non-feeding predator. The modal qualitative responses of the electron transport rate were similar to those of the quantum yield. To our best knowledge, the results presented here are the broadest scan of photosystem II responses in the predation context so far. KW - phytoplankton KW - grazing KW - predation KW - Daphnia KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - biotic stress KW - photosystem KW - PAM Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.907174 SN - 1664-462X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferner, Jessica A1 - Linstädter, Anja A1 - Rogass, Christian A1 - Südekum, Karl-Heinz A1 - Schmidtlein, Sebastian T1 - Towards forage resource monitoring in subtropical savanna grasslands BT - going multispectral or hyperspectral? JF - European journal of remote sensing N2 - Forage supply of savanna grasslands plays a crucial role for local food security and consequently, a reliable monitoring system could help to better manage vital forage resources. To help installing such a monitoring system, we investigated whether in-situ hyperspectral data could be resampled to match the spectral resolution of multi- and hyperspectral satellites; if the type of sensor affected model transfer; and if spatio-temporal patterns of forage characteristics could be related to environmental drivers. We established models for forage quantity (green biomass) and five forage quality proxies (metabolisable energy, acid/neutral detergent fibre, ash, phosphorus). Hyperspectral resolution of the Hyperion satellite mostly resulted in higher accuracies (i.e. higher R-2, lower RMSE). When applied to satellite data, though, the greater quality of the multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data leads to more realistic forage maps. By analysing a three-year time series, we found plant phenology and cumulated precipitation to be the most important environmental drivers of forage supply. We conclude that none of the investigated satellites provide optimal conditions for monitoring purposes. Future hyperspectral satellite missions like EnMAP, combining the high information level of Hyperion with the good data quality and resolution of Sentinel-2, will provide the prerequisites for installing a regular monitoring service. KW - Africa KW - rangelands KW - remote-sensing based monitoring KW - forage KW - biomass KW - production KW - nutritive value Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2021.1934556 SN - 2279-7254 VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 364 EP - 384 PB - geoLAB, Laboratory of Geomatics CY - Florence ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Sizhong A1 - Liebner, Susanne A1 - Svenning, Mette Marianne A1 - Tveit, Alexander Tøsdal T1 - Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming JF - Molecular ecology N2 - Temperature is an important factor governing microbe-mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short-term temperature increases in Arctic peat soil, and linked these shifts to higher CH4 and CO2 production rates (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E2507-E2516). Here, we studied the taxonomic composition and functional potential of samples from the same experiment. We see that along a high-resolution temperature gradient (1-30 degrees C), microbial communities change discretely, but not continuously or stochastically, in response to rising temperatures. The taxonomic variability may thus in part reflect the varied temperature responses of individual taxa and the competition between these taxa for resources. These taxonomic responses contrast the stable functional potential (metagenomic-based) across all temperatures or the previously observed metabolic or trophic shifts at key temperatures. Furthermore, with rising temperatures we observed a progressive decrease in species diversity (Shannon Index) and increased dispersion of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates. We conclude that the taxonomic variation is decoupled from both the functional potential of the community and the previously observed temperature-dependent changes in microbial function. However, the reduced diversity at higher temperatures might help explain the higher variability in GHG production at higher temperatures. KW - microbial community KW - permafrost KW - species diversity KW - stochastic KW - temperature gradient Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16118 SN - 0962-1083 SN - 1365-294X VL - 30 IS - 20 SP - 5094 EP - 5104 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hashemi, Seirana A1 - Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Relative flux trade-offs and optimization of metabolic network functionalities JF - Computational and structural biotechnology journal N2 - Trade-offs between traits are present across different levels of biological systems and ultimately reflect constraints imposed by physicochemical laws and the structure of underlying biochemical networks. Yet, mechanistic explanation of how trade-offs between molecular traits arise and how they relate to optimization of fitness-related traits remains elusive. Here, we introduce the concept of relative flux trade-offs and propose a constraint-based approach, termed FluTOr, to identify metabolic reactions whose fluxes are in relative trade-off with respect to an optimized fitness-related cellular task, like growth. We then employed FluTOr to identify relative flux trade-offs in the genome-scale metabolic networks of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. For the metabolic models of E. coli and S. cerevisiae we showed that: (i) the identified relative flux trade-offs depend on the carbon source used and that (ii) reactions that participated in relative trade-offs in both species were implicated in cofactor biosynthesis. In contrast to the two microorganisms, the relative flux trade-offs for the metabolic model of A. thaliana did not depend on the available nitrogen sources, reflecting the differences in the underlying metabolic network as well as the considered environments. Lastly, the established connection between relative flux trade-offs allowed us to identify overexpression targets that can be used to optimize fitness-related traits. Altogether, our computational approach and findings demonstrate how relative flux trade-offs can shape optimization of metabolic tasks, important in biotechnological applications. KW - Trade-offs KW - Metabolic networks KW - Fluxes KW - Overexpression targets KW - Growth Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.038 SN - 2001-0370 VL - 20 SP - 3963 EP - 3971 PB - Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB) CY - Gotenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wassermann, Birgit A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Microbiome-based biotechnology for reducing food loss post harvest JF - Current opinion in biotechnology N2 - Microbiomes have an immense potential to enhance plant resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intrinsic microbial communities respond to changes in their host's physiology and environment during plant's life cycle. The potential of the inherent plant microbiome has been neglected for a long time, especially for the postharvest period. Currently, close to 50% of all produced fruits and vegetables are lost either during production or storage. Biological control of spoilage and storage diseases is still lacking sufficiency. Today, novel multiomics technologies allow us to study the microbiome and its responses on a community level, which will help to advance current classic approaches and develop more effective and robust microbiome-based solutions for fruit and vegetable storability, quality, and safety. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102808 SN - 0958-1669 SN - 1879-0429 VL - 78 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Patrick A1 - Hagemann, Justus A1 - Gilissen, Emmanuel A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Otter shrew mitogenomes (Afrotheria, Potamogalidae) reconstructed from historical museum skins JF - Mitochondrial DNA. Part B N2 - African otter shrews (Potamogalidae) are Afrotherian mammals adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle. Given their rareness, genetic data on otter shrews are limited. By applying laboratory methods tuned for the recovery of archival DNA and an iterative mapping approach, we reconstructed whole mitochondrial genomes of the Giant (Potamogale velox) and Ruwenzori pygmy otter shrew (Micropotamogale ruwenzorii) from historical museum skins. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with previous reports in recovering a sister relationship between African otter shrews and Malagasy tenrecs. The long branches separating both lineages, however, support their recognition as separate families. KW - tenrecs KW - Afrotheria KW - Africa KW - historical DNA Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2122747 SN - 2380-2359 VL - 7 IS - 9 SP - 1699 EP - 1701 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thongthaisong, Patch A1 - Kasada, Minoru A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Wollrab, Sabine T1 - Critical role of parasite-mediated energy pathway on community response to nutrient enrichment JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Parasites form an integral part of food webs, however, they are often ignored in classic food web theory or limited to the investigation of trophic transmission pathways. Specifically, direct consumption of parasites by nonhost predators is rarely considered, while it can contribute substantially to energy flow in food webs. In aquatic systems, chytrids constitute a major group of fungal parasites whose free-living infective stages (zoospores) form a highly nutritional food source to zooplankton. Thereby, the consumption of zoospores can create an energy pathway from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton ( "mycoloop "). This parasite-mediated energy pathway might be of special importance during phytoplankton blooms dominated by inedible or toxic primary producers like cyanobacteria, which are on the rise with eutrophication and global warming. We theoretically investigated community dynamics and energy transfer in a food web consisting of an edible nonhost and an inedible host phytoplankton species, a parasitic fungus, and a zooplankton species grazing on edible phytoplankton and fungi. Food web dynamics were investigated along a nutrient gradient contrasting nonadaptive zooplankton species representative for filter feeders like cladocerans and zooplankton with the ability to actively adapt their feeding preferences like many copepod species. Overall, the importance of the mycoloop for zooplankton increases with nutrient availability. This increase is smooth for nonadaptive consumers. For adaptive consumers, we observe an abrupt shift from an almost exclusive preference for edible phytoplankton at low nutrient levels to a strong preference for parasitic fungi at high nutrient levels. The model predicts that parasitic fungi could contribute up to 50% of the zooplankton diet in nutrient-rich environments, which agrees with empirical observations on zooplankton gut content from eutrophic systems during blooms of inedible diatoms or cyanobacteria. Our findings highlight the role of parasite-mediated energy pathways for predictions of energy flow and community composition under current and future environmental change. KW - adaptive preference KW - energy flow KW - food web KW - mycoloop KW - parasite-mediated KW - energy pathway KW - parasites KW - parasitic fungi Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9622 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - [Hoboken] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Erschen, Sabine A1 - Krause, Robert A1 - Müller, Henry A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Enhanced survival of multi-species biofilms under stress is promoted by low-abundant but antimicrobial-resistant keystone species JF - Journal of hazardous materials : environmental control, risk assessment, impact and management N2 - Multi-species biofilms are more resistant against stress compared to single-species biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying this common observation remain elusive. Therefore, we studied biofilm formation of well-known opportunistic pathogens (Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) in various approaches. Synergistic effects in their multi species biofilms were observed. Using metatranscriptomics, changes in the gene expression of the involved members became evident, and provided explanations for the improved survivability under nutrient limitation and exposure to disinfectants. Genes encoding proteins for vitamin B6 synthesis and iron uptake were linked to synergism in the multi-species biofilm under nutrient-limited conditions. Our study indicates that sub-lethal concentrations of an alcohol-based disinfectant enhance biofilm yields in multi-species assemblages. A reduction of the dominant taxa in the multi-species biofilm under disinfectant pressure allowed minor taxa to bloom. The findings underline the importance of minor but antimicrobial-resistant species that serve as "protectors" for the whole assemblage due to upregulation of genes involved in defence mechanisms and biofilm formation. This ultimately results in an increase in the total yield of the multi-species biofilm. We conclude that inter-species interactions may be crucial for the survival of opportunistic pathogens; especially under conditions that are typically found under hospital settings. KW - Biofilm KW - Opportunistic pathogen KW - Synergism KW - Multi-species KW - Metatranscriptomic Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126836 SN - 0304-3894 SN - 1873-3336 VL - 422 PB - Science Direct CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olimi, Expedito A1 - Bickel, Samuel A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Matzer, Robert A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Deciphering the microbial composition of biodynamic preparations and their effects on the apple rhizosphere microbiome JF - Frontiers in soil science N2 - Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils. KW - biodynamic farming KW - compost microbiome KW - biodynamic manures KW - biodynamic preparations KW - rhizosphere microbiome KW - 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon sequencing KW - organic soil amendments Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869 SN - 2673-8619 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, Jessica A1 - Göhmann, Philip Jonas A1 - Zemella, Anne A1 - Kubick, Stefan T1 - Oligomerization of the heteromeric γ-aminobutyric acid receptor GABAB in a eukaryotic cell-free system JF - Scientific reports N2 - Understanding the assembly mechanism and function of membrane proteins is a fundamental problem in biochemical research. Among the membrane proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class in the human body and have long been considered to function as monomers. Nowadays, the oligomeric assembly of GPCRs is widely accepted, although the functional importance and therapeutic intervention remain largely unexplored. This is partly due to difficulties in the heterologous production of membrane proteins. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) with its endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived structures has proven as a technique to address this issue. In this study, we investigate for the first time the conceptual CFPS of a heteromeric GPCR, the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA(B)), from its protomers BR1 and BR2 using a eukaryotic cell-free lysate. Using a fluorescence-based proximity ligation assay, we provide evidence for colocalization and thus suggesting heterodimerization. We prove the heterodimeric assembly by a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer saturation assay providing the manufacturability of a heterodimeric GPCR by CFPS. Additionally, we show the binding of a fluorescent orthosteric antagonist, demonstrating the feasibility of combining the CFPS of GPCRs with pharmacological applications. These results provide a simple and powerful experimental platform for the synthesis of heteromeric GPCRs and open new perspectives for the modelling of protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the presented technology enables the targeting of protein assemblies as a new interface for pharmacological intervention in disease-relevant dimers. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24885-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - [London] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Egli, Lukas A1 - Mehrabi, Zia A1 - Seppelt, Ralf T1 - More farms, less specialized landscapes, and higher crop diversity stabilize food supplies JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Theoretical and empirical studies show increased diversity in crops, supply chains, and markets helps stabilize food systems. At the same time global commodity markets and industrial agriculture have driven homogenization of local and regional production systems, and consolidated power in fewer larger specialized farms and distributers. This is a global challenge, with no obvious global solutions. An important question therefore, is how individual countries can build their own resilience through maintaining or increasing diversity within their borders. Here we show, using farm level data from Germany, that spreading production risk by growing the same crops across different farms carries stabilizing benefits by allowing for increased spatiotemporal asynchrony within crops. We also find that increasing asynchrony between the year-to-year production of different crops has stabilizing effects on food supply. Importantly, the benefits of increasing crop diversity are lower in specialized landscapes growing the same crop on large patches. Our results illustrate clear benefits of diversified crops, producers, and agricultural landscapes to buffer supply side shocks, and for incorporation in subsidies and other regulatory measures aimed at stabilizing food systems. KW - agroecology KW - climate variability KW - resilience KW - spatial heterogeneity KW - supply shocks Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf529 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 5 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meier, Laura A1 - Brauns, Mario A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Weitere, Markus A1 - Frank, Karin T1 - MASTIFF: a mechanistic model for cross-scale analyses of the functioning of multiple stressed riverine ecosystems JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog N2 - Riverine ecosystems provide various ecosystem services. One of these services is the biological control of eutrophication by grazing macroinvertebrates. However, riverine ecosystems are subject to numerous stressors that affect community structure, functions, and stability properties. To manage rivers in response to these stressors, a better understanding of the ecological functions underlying services is needed. This requires consideration of local and regional processes, which requires a metacommunity approach that links local food webs through drift and dispersal. This takes into account long-distance interactions that can compensate for local effects of stressors. Our modular model MASTIFF (Multiple Aquatic STressors In Flowing Food webs) is stage-structured, spatially explicit, and includes coupled food webs consisting of benthic resource-consumer interactions between biofilm and three competing macroinvertebrate functional types. River segments are unidirectionally connected through organismal drift and bidirectionally connected through dispersal. Climate and land use stressors along the river can be accounted for. Biocontrol of biofilm eutrophication is used as an exemplary functional indicator. We present the model and the underlying considerations, and show in an exemplary application that explicit consideration of drift and dispersal is essential for understanding the spatiotemporal biocontrol of eutrophication. The combination of drift and dispersal reduced eutrophication events. While dispersal events were linked to specific periods in the species life cycles and therefore had limited potential to control, drift was ubiquitous and thus responded more readily to changing habitat conditions. This indicates that drift is an important factor for coping with stress situations. Finally, we outline and discuss the potential and possibilities of MASTIFF as a tool for mechanistic, cross-scale analyses of multiple stressors to advance knowledge of riverine ecosystem functioning. KW - modeling KW - riverine ecosystems KW - drift and dispersal KW - multiple stressors KW - functioning KW - biocontrol of eutrophication Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110007 SN - 0304-3800 SN - 1872-7026 VL - 470 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hou, Xindong A1 - Zhao, Jian A1 - Zhang, Hucai A1 - Preick, Michaela A1 - Hu, Jiaming A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Wang, Linying A1 - Deng, Miaoxuan A1 - Liu, Sizhao A1 - Chang, Fengqin A1 - Sheng, Guilian A1 - Lai, Xulong A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Yuan, Junxia T1 - Paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of late Pleistocene bison in Northeastern China JF - Genes N2 - Steppe bison are a typical representative of the Mid-Late Pleistocene steppes of the northern hemisphere. Despite the abundance of fossil remains, many questions related to their genetic diversity, population structure and dispersal route are still elusive. Here, we present both near-complete and partial mitochondrial genomes, as well as a partial nuclear genome from fossil bison samples excavated from Late Pleistocene strata in northeastern China. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees both suggest the bison clade are divided into three maternal haplogroups (A, B and C), and Chinese individuals fall in two of them. Bayesian analysis shows that the split between haplogroup C and the ancestor of haplogroups A and B dates at 326 ky BP (95% HPD: 397-264 ky BP). In addition, our nuclear phylogenomic tree also supports a basal position for the individual carrying haplogroup C. Admixture analyses suggest that CADG467 (haplogroup C) has a similar genetic structure to steppe bison from Siberia (haplogroup B). Our new findings indicate that the genetic diversity of Pleistocene bison was probably even higher than previously thought and that northeastern Chinese populations of several mammalian species, including Pleistocene bison, were genetically distinct. KW - ancient DNA KW - most recent common ancestor KW - fossil KW - genetic diversity KW - admixture Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13101684 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 13 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacobs, Bas A1 - Schneider, René A1 - Molenaar, Jaap A1 - Filion, Laura A1 - Deinum, Eva E. T1 - Microtubule nucleation complex behavior is critical for cortical array homogeneity and xylem wall patterning JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - Plant cell walls are versatile materials that can adopt a wide range of mechanical properties through controlled deposition of cellulose fibrils. Wall integrity requires a sufficiently homogeneous fibril distribution to cope effectively with wall stresses. Additionally, specific conditions, such as the negative pressure in water transporting xylem vessels, may require more complex wall patterns, e.g., bands in protoxylem. The orientation and patterning of cellulose fibrils are guided by dynamic cortical microtubules. New microtubules are predominantly nucleated from parent microtubules causing positive feedback on local microtubule density with the potential to yield highly inhomogeneous patterns. Inhomogeneity indeed appears in all current cortical array simulations that include microtubule-based nucleation, suggesting that plant cells must possess an as-yet unknown balancing mechanism to prevent it. Here, in a combined simulation and experimental approach, we show that a limited local recruitment of nucleation complexes to microtubules can counter the positive feedback, whereas local tubulin depletion cannot. We observe that nucleation complexes preferentially appear at the plasma membrane near microtubules. By incorporating our experimental findings in stochastic simulations, we find that the spatial behavior of nucleation complexes delicately balances the positive feedback, such that differences in local microtubule dynamics-as in developing protoxylem-can quickly turn a homogeneous array into a banded one. Our results provide insight into how the plant cytoskeleton has evolved to meet diverse mechanical requirements and greatly increase the predictive power of computational cell biology studies. KW - plant cortical microtubules KW - nucleation KW - stochastic simulation KW - homogeneity KW - stable coexistence Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203900119 SN - 0027-8424 SN - 1091-6490 VL - 119 IS - 50 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masigol, Hossein A1 - Rezakhani, Forough A1 - Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad A1 - Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - The introduction of two new species of aquatic fungi from Anzali Lagoon, Northern Iran JF - Diversity N2 - During a survey of aquatic fungi from Anzali Lagoon in Iran, several fungal specimens were isolated from freshwater habitats. Morphological evidence and comparing sequencing based on rDNA (ITS and LSU) and protein-coding genes (TEF1 and TUB2) showed that some isolates belong to undescribed fungal species. These isolates belong to Arthrobotrys and Sarocladium, two ascomycetes genera. Arthrobotrys hyrcanus, sp. nov., differs from closely related species such as A. dianchiensis by its larger conidia and septation of primary conidia. Sarocladium pseudokiliense, sp. nov., was similar to S. kiliense, but distinguished by its conidial shape and the absence of adelophialides and chlamydospores. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and multilocus phylogenetic analysis for both new species are provided. KW - Arthrobotrys KW - Ascomycota KW - freshwater fungi KW - molecular phylogeny KW - morphological KW - Sarocladium KW - taxonomy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100889 SN - 1424-2818 VL - 14 IS - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liebchen, Uwe A1 - Weinelt, Ferdinand A1 - Scharf, Christina A1 - Schröder, Ines A1 - Paal, Michael A1 - Zoller, Michael A1 - Kloft, Charlotte A1 - Jung, Jette A1 - Michelet, Robin T1 - Combination of pharmacokinetic and pathogen susceptibility information to optimize meropenem treatment of Gram-negative infections in critically iII patients JF - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy N2 - Meropenem is one of the most frequently used antibiotics to treat life-threatening infections in critically ill patients. This study aimed to develop a meropenem dosing algorithm for the treatment of Gram-negative infections based on intensive care unit (ICU)-specific resistance data. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacteria obtained from critically ill patients was carried out from 2016 to 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Based on the observed MIC distribution, stochastic simulations (n = 1,000) of an evaluated pharmacokinetic meropenem model, and a defined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target (100%T->4xMIC while minimum concentrations were <44.5 mg/L), dosing recommendations for patients with varying renal function were derived. Pathogen-specific MIC distributions were used to calculate the cumulative fraction of response (CFR), and the overall MIC distribution was used to calculate the local pathogen-independent mean fraction of response (LPIFR) for the investigated dosing regimens. A CFR/LPIFR of >90% was considered adequate. The observed MIC distribution significantly differed from the EUCAST database. Based on the 6,520 MIC values included, a three-level dosing algorithm was developed. If the pathogen causing the infection is unknown (level 1), known (level 2), known to be neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor Acinetobacrer baumannii, or classified as susceptible (level 3), a continuous infusion of 1.5 g daily reached sufficient target attainment independent of renal function. In all other cases, dosing needs to be adjusted based on renal function. ICU-specific susceptibility data should be assessed regularly and integrated into dosing decisions. The presented workflow may serve as a blueprint for other antimicrobial settings. KW - meropenem KW - critically ill KW - antimicrobial susceptibility testing KW - Gram negative KW - dosing algorithm Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01831-21 SN - 0066-4804 SN - 1098-6596 VL - 66 IS - 2 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington ER -