TY  - JOUR
A1  - Busch, Aglaja
A1  - Trounson, Karl M.
A1  - Browne, Peter
A1  - Robertson, Sam
T1  - Effects of lower limb light-weight wearable resistance on running biomechanics
JF  - Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics
N2  - Wearable resistance allows individualized loading for sport specific movements and can lead to specific strength adaptations benefiting the athlete. The objective was to determine biomechanical changes during running with lower limb light-weight wearable resistance. Fourteen participants (age: 28 +/- 4 years; height: 180 +/- 8 cm; body mass: 77 +/- 6 kg) wore shorts and calf sleeves of a compression suit allowing attachment of light loads. Participants completed four times two mins 20-m over-ground shuttle running bouts at 3.3 m*s(-1) alternated by three mins rest. The first running bout was unloaded and the other three bouts were under randomised loaded conditions (1%, 3% and 5% additional loading of the individual body mass). 3D motion cameras and force plates recorded kinematic and kinetic data at the midpoint of each 20-m shuttle. Friedman-test for repeated measures and linear mixed effect model analysis were used to determine differences between the loading conditions (alpha = 0.05). Increased peak vertical ground reaction force (2.7 N/kg to 2.74 N/kg), ground contact time (0.20 s to 0.21 s) and decreased step length (1.49 m to 1.45 m) were found with additional 5 % body mass loading compared to unloaded running (0.001 > p < 0.007). Marginally more knee flexion and hip extension and less plantarflexion was seen with higher loading. Differences in the assessed parameters were present between each loading condition but accompanied by subject variability. Further studies, also examining long term effects, should be conducted to further inform use of this training tool.
KW  - Kinematic
KW  - Kinetic
KW  - Weighted running
KW  - External loading
KW  - 3D motion
KW  - capture
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110903
SN  - 0021-9290
SN  - 1873-2380
VL  - 130
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Tom
A1  - Bielitzki, Robert
A1  - Behrens, Martin
A1  - Herold, Fabian
A1  - Schega, Lutz
T1  - Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Sports medicine - open
N2  - Background: 
Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus.

Objective:
Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans.

Methods:
PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. 

Results:
 Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. 

Conclusion: 
Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
KW  - hypoxic conditioning
KW  - cognitive impairment
KW  - metabolic disease
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - geriatrics
KW  - therapy
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x
SN  - 2199-1170
SN  - 2198-9761
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Kullmann, Niclas
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes
JF  - International journal of sports physiology and performance
N2  - Purpose:
This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes.

Methods:
In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 x 5 repetitions at 49%-72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 x 5 repetitions at 50%-60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass).

Results: 
Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g= 1.6), and drop jump height (P = .02; g= 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. 

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.
KW  - ballistic training
KW  - optimal load
KW  - monitoring
KW  - progression
KW  - ski jumping
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0074
SN  - 1555-0265
SN  - 1555-0273
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
SP  - 541
EP  - 548
PB  - Human Kinetics Publ.
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hering, Robert
A1  - Hauptfleisch, Morgan
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Effects of fences and fence gaps on the movement behavior of three southern African antelope species
JF  - Frontiers in Conservation Science
N2  - Globally, migratory ungulates are affected by fences. While field observational studies reveal the amount of animal–fence interactions across taxa, GPS tracking-based studies uncover fence effects on movement patterns and habitat selection. However, studies on the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on movement behavior, especially based on high-frequency tracking data, are scarce. We used GPS tracking on three common African antelopes (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Antidorcas marsupialis, and T. oryx) with movement strategies ranging from range residency to nomadism in a semi-arid, Namibian savanna traversed by wildlife-proof fences that elephants have regularly breached. We classified major forms of ungulate–fence interaction types on a seasonal and a daily scale. Furthermore, we recorded the distances and times spent at fences regarding the total individual space use. Based on this, we analyzed the direct effects of fences and fence gaps on the animals’ movement behavior for the previously defined types of animal–fence interactions. Antelope-fence interactions peaked during the early hours of the day and during seasonal transitions when the limiting resource changed between water and forage. Major types of ungulate–fence interactions were quick, trace-like, or marked by halts. We found that the amount of time spent at fences was highest for nomadic eland. Migratory springbok adjusted their space use concerning fence gap positions. If the small home ranges of sedentary kudu included a fence, they frequently interacted with this fence. For springbok and eland, distance traveled along a fence declined with increasing utilization of a fence gap. All species reduced their speed in the proximity of a fence but often increased their speed when encountering the fence. Crossing a fence led to increased speeds for all species. We demonstrate that fence effects mainly occur during crucial foraging times (seasonal scale) and during times of directed movements (daily scale). Importantly, we provide evidence that fences directly alter antelope movement behaviors with negative implications for energy budgets and that persistent fence gaps can reduce the intensity of such alterations. Our findings help to guide future animal–fence studies and provide insights for wildlife fencing and fence gap planning.
KW  - fence ecology
KW  - veterinary cordon fence
KW  - ungulate
KW  - movement speed
KW  - fence interaction
KW  - GPS
KW  - Africa
KW  - wildlife conservation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2022.959423
SN  - 2673-611X
VL  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yuan, Jun
A1  - Zhang, Chujun
A1  - Qiu, Beibei
A1  - Liu, Wei
A1  - So, Shu Kong
A1  - Mainville, Mathieu
A1  - Leclerc, Mario
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Zou, Yingping
T1  - Effects of energetic disorder in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
JF  - Energy & environmental science
N2  - Organic solar cells (OSCs) have progressed rapidly in recent years through the development of novel organic photoactive materials, especially non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Consequently, OSCs based on state-of-the-art NFAs have reached significant milestones, such as similar to 19% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and small energy losses (less than 0.5 eV). Despite these significant advances, understanding of the interplay between molecular structure and optoelectronic properties lags significantly behind. For example, despite the theoretical framework for describing the energetic disorder being well developed for the case of inorganic semiconductors, the question of the applicability of classical semiconductor theories in analyzing organic semiconductors is still under debate. A general observation in the inorganic field is that inorganic photovoltaic materials possessing a polycrystalline microstructure exhibit suppressed disorder properties and better charge carrier transport compared to their amorphous analogs. Accordingly, this principle extends to the organic semiconductor field as many organic photovoltaic materials are synthesized to pursue polycrystalline-like features. Yet, there appears to be sporadic examples that exhibit an opposite trend. However, full studies decoupling energetic disorder from aggregation effects have largely been left out. Hence, the potential role of the energetic disorder in OSCs has received little attention. Interestingly, recently reported state-of-the-art NFA-based devices could achieve a small energetic disorder and high PCE at the same time; and interest in this investigation related to the disorder properties in OSCs was revived. In this contribution, progress in terms of the correlation between molecular design and energetic disorder is reviewed together with their effects on the optoelectronic mechanism and photovoltaic performance. Finally, the specific challenges and possible solutions in reducing the energetic disorder of OSCs from the viewpoint of materials and devices are proposed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee00271j
SN  - 1754-5692
SN  - 1754-5706
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
SP  - 2806
EP  - 2818
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Markov, Adrian
A1  - Hauser, Lukas
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
T1  - Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults
BT  - a systematic review with meta-analysis
JF  - Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise
N2  - Background
There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults. 

Objectives 
The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription.

Study Design
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 

Data Sources
The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022.

Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. 

Results
Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults <= 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those <= 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49).

Conclusions
CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2
SN  - 0112-1642
SN  - 1179-2035
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SP  - 437
EP  - 455
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buter, Anuschka
A1  - Heckmann, Tobias
A1  - Filisetti, Lorenzo
A1  - Savi, Sara
A1  - Mao, Luca
A1  - Gems, Bernhard
A1  - Comiti, Francesco
T1  - Effects of catchment characteristics and hydro-meteorological scenarios on sediment connectivity in glacierised catchments
JF  - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
N2  - In the past decade, sediment connectivity has become a widely recognized characteristic of a geomorphic system. However, the quantification of functional connectivity (i.e. connectivity which arises due to the actual occurrence of sediment transport processes) and its variation over space and time is still a challenge. In this context, this study assesses the effects of expected future phenomena in the context of climate change (i.e. glacier retreat, permafrost degradation or meteorological extreme events) on sediment transport dynamics in a glacierised Alpine basin. The study area is the Sulden river basin (drainage area 130 km(2)) in the Italian Alps, which is composed of two geomorphologically diverse sub-basins. Based on graph theory, we evaluated the spatio-temporal variations in functional connectivity in these two sub-basins. The graph-object, obtained by manually mapping sediment transport processes between landforms, was adapted to 6 different hydro-meteorological scenarios, which derive from combining base, heatwave and rainstorm conditions with snowmelt and glacier-melt periods. For each scenario and each sub-basin, the sediment transport network and related catchment characteristics were analysed. To compare the effects of the scenarios on functional connectivity, we introduced a connectivity degree, calculated based on the area of the landforms involved in sediment cascades. Results indicate that the area of the basin connected to its outlet in terms of sediment transport might feature a six-fold increase in case of rainstorm conditions compared to "average " meteorological conditions assumed for the base scenario. Furthermore, markedly different effects of climate change on sediment connectivity are expected between the two sub-catchments due to their contrasting morphological and lithological characteristics, in terms of relative importance of rainfall triggered colluvial processes vs temperature-driven proglacial fluvial dynamics.
KW  - Functional connectivity
KW  - Graph theory
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Geomorphic systems
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108128
SN  - 0169-555X
SN  - 1872-695X
VL  - 402
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ndashimye, Felix
A1  - Hebie, Oumarou
A1  - Tjaden, Jasper
T1  - Effectiveness of WhatsApp for measuring migration in follow-up phone surveys
BT  - lessons from a mode experiment in two low-income countries during COVID contact restrictions
JF  - Social science computer review
N2  - Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation.
KW  - WhatsApp
KW  - survey mode
KW  - migration
KW  - Covid
KW  - phone
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221111340
SN  - 0894-4393
SN  - 1552-8286
PB  - Sage
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Effect of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness in third graders
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Timing of initial school enrollment may vary considerably for various reasons such as early or delayed enrollment, skipped or repeated school classes. Accordingly, the age range within school grades includes older-(OTK) and younger-than-keyage (YTK) children. Hardly any information is available on the impact of timing of school enrollment on physical fitness. There is evidence from a related research topic showing large differences in academic performance between OTK and YTK children versus keyage children. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare physical fitness of OTK (N = 26,540) and YTK (N = 2586) children versus keyage children (N = 108,295) in a representative sample of German third graders. Physical fitness tests comprised cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, lower, and upper limbs muscle power. Predictions of physical fitness performance for YTK and OTK children were estimated using data from keyage children by taking age, sex, school, and assessment year into account. Data were annually recorded between 2011 and 2019. The difference between observed and predicted z-scores yielded a delta z-score that was used as a dependent variable in the linear mixed models. Findings indicate that OTK children showed poorer performance compared to keyage children, especially in coordination, and that YTK children outperformed keyage children, especially in coordination. Teachers should be aware that OTK children show poorer physical fitness performance compared to keyage children.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11710-x
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Figueroa Campos, Gustavo Adolfo
A1  - G. K. T. Kruizenga, Johannes
A1  - Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel
A1  - Schwarz, Steffen
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Effect of the post-harvest processing on protein modification in green coffee beans by phenolic compounds
JF  - Foods : open access journal
N2  - The protein fraction, important for coffee cup quality, is modified during post-harvest treatment prior to roasting. Proteins may interact with phenolic compounds, which constitute the major metabolites of coffee, where the processing affects these interactions. This allows the hypothesis that the proteins are denatured and modified via enzymatic and/or redox activation steps. The present study was initiated to encompass changes in the protein fraction. The investigations were limited to major storage protein of green coffee beans. Fourteen Coffea arabica samples from various processing methods and countries were used. Different extraction protocols were compared to maintain the status quo of the protein modification. The extracts contained about 4–8 µg of chlorogenic acid derivatives per mg of extracted protein. High-resolution chromatography with multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect lysine modifications in the coffee protein. Marker peptides were allocated for the storage protein of the coffee beans. Among these, the modified peptides K.FFLANGPQQGGK.E and R.LGGK.T of the α-chain and R.ITTVNSQK.I and K.VFDDEVK.Q of β-chain were detected. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of modified peptides from wet processed green beans as compared to the dry ones. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of the different processing methods on protein quality and its role in the scope of coffee cup quality and aroma. View Full-Text
KW  - Arabica coffee
KW  - coffee processing
KW  - protein modification
KW  - bound phenolic compounds
KW  - peptide biomarkers
KW  - LC-MS/MS
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11020159
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krstulović, Marija
A1  - Rosa, Angelika D.
A1  - Ferreira Sanchez, Dario
A1  - Libon, Lélia
A1  - Albers, Christian
A1  - Merkulova, Margarita
A1  - Grolimund, Daniel
A1  - Irifune, Tetsuo
A1  - Wilke, Max
T1  - Effect of temperature on the densification of silicate melts to lower earth's mantle conditions
JF  - Physics of the earth and planetary interiors
N2  - Physical properties of silicate melts play a key role for global planetary dynamics, controlling for example volcanic eruption styles, mantle convection and elemental cycling in the deep Earth. They are significantly modified by structural changes at the atomic scale due to external parameters such as pressure and temperature or due to chemistry. Structural rearrangements such as 4- to 6-fold coordination change of Si with increasing depth may profoundly influence melt properties, but have so far mostly been studied at ambient temperature due to experimental difficulties. In order to investigate the structural properties of silicate melts and their densification mechanisms at conditions relevant to the deep Earth's interior, we studied haplo basaltic glasses and melts (albite-diopside composition) at high pressure and temperature conditions in resistively and laser-heated diamond anvil cells using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Samples were doped with 10 wt% of Ge, which is accessible with this experimental technique and which commonly serves as a structural analogue for the network forming cation Si. We acquired spectra on the Ge K edge up to 48 GPa and 5000 K and derived the average Ge-O coordination number NGe-O, and bond distance RGe-O as functions of pressure. Our results demonstrate a continuous transformation from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination between ca. 5 and 30 GPa at ambient temperature. Above 1600 K the data reveal a reduction of the pressure needed to complete conversion to octahedral coordination by ca. 30 %. The results allow us to determine the influence of temperature on the Si coordination number changes in natural melts in the Earth's interior. We propose that the complete transition to octahedral coordination in basaltic melts is reached at about 40 GPa, corresponding to a depth of ca. 1200 km in the uppermost lower mantle. At the core-mantle boundary (2900 km, 130 GPa, 3000 K) the existence of non-buoyant melts has been proposed to explain observed low seismic wave velocity features. Our results highlight that the melt composition can affect the melt density at such extreme conditions and may strongly influence the structural response.
KW  - Silicate melts
KW  - Densification
KW  - High pressure and high temperature;
KW  - XANES
KW  - Coordination number
KW  - Ultra-low velocity zones
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106823
SN  - 0031-9201
SN  - 1872-7395
VL  - 323
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mueller, Steffen
A1  - Mueller, Juliane
A1  - Stoll, Josefine
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes
BT  - a randomized controlled pilot trial
JF  - Frontiers in physiology
N2  - Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.
KW  - core
KW  - training intervention
KW  - trunk stability
KW  - exercise
KW  - perturbation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.802315
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arntz, Fabian
A1  - Mkaouer, Bessem
A1  - Markov, Adrian
A1  - Schoenfeld, Brad
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Behrens, Martin
A1  - Baumert, Philipp
A1  - Erskine, Robert M.
A1  - Hauser, Lukas
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
T1  - Effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals
BT  - a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - Objective: To examine the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in healthy individuals.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to September 2021.

Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The main overall finding (44 effect sizes across 15 clusters median = 2, range = 1–15 effects per cluster) indicated that plyometric jump training had small to moderate effects [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.47 (95% CIs = 0.23–0.71); p < 0.001] on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Subgroup analyses for training experience revealed trivial to large effects in non-athletes [SMD = 0.55 (95% CIs = 0.18–0.93); p = 0.007] and trivial to moderate effects in athletes [SMD = 0.33 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.51); p = 0.001]. Regarding muscle groups, results showed moderate effects for the knee extensors [SMD = 0.72 (95% CIs = 0.66–0.78), p < 0.001] and equivocal effects for the plantar flexors [SMD = 0.65 (95% CIs = −0.25–1.55); p = 0.143]. As to the assessment methods of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, findings indicated trivial to small effects for prediction equations [SMD = 0.29 (95% CIs = 0.16–0.42); p < 0.001] and moderate-to-large effects for ultrasound imaging [SMD = 0.74 (95% CIs = 0.59–0.89); p < 0.001]. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the weekly session frequency moderates the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, with a higher weekly session frequency inducing larger hypertrophic gains [β = 0.3233 (95% CIs = 0.2041–0.4425); p < 0.001]. We found no clear evidence that age, sex, total training period, single session duration, or the number of jumps per week moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy [β = −0.0133 to 0.0433 (95% CIs = −0.0387 to 0.1215); p = 0.101–0.751].

Conclusion: Plyometric jump training can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, regardless of age and sex. There is evidence for relatively larger effects in non-athletes compared with athletes. Further, the weekly session frequency seems to moderate the effect of plyometric jump training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, whereby more frequent weekly plyometric jump training sessions elicit larger hypertrophic adaptations.
KW  - muscle tissue
KW  - muscle strength
KW  - stretch shortening cycle exercise
KW  - muscle growth
KW  - human physical conditioning
KW  - youth sports
KW  - aged
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.888464
SN  - 1664-042X
VL  - 13
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ET  - 888464
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
A1  - Markov, Adrian
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Moran, Jason
A1  - Behrens, Martin
A1  - Negra, Yassine
A1  - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
A1  - Koch, Ulrike
A1  - Mkaouer, Bessem
T1  - Effect of flywheel versus traditional resistance training on change of direction performance in male athletes
BT  - a systematic review with meta-analysis
JF  - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH
N2  - Objective: 
This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of flywheel resistance training (FRT) versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on change of direction (CoD) performance in male athletes. 

Methods: 
Five databases were screened up to December 2021. 

Results: 
Seven studies were included. The results indicated a significantly larger effect of FRT compared with TRT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64). A within-group comparison indicated a significant large effect of FRT on CoD performance (SMD = 1.63). For TRT, a significant moderate effect was observed (SMD = 0.62). FRT of <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a significant large effect (SMD = 1.33), whereas no significant effect was noted for >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a significant large effect of <= 12 FRT sessions (SMD = 1.83) was observed, with no effect of >12 sessions. Regarding TRT, no significant effects of any of the training factors were detected (p > 0.05). 

Conclusions: 
FRT appears to be more effective than TRT in improving CoD performance in male athletes. Independently computed single training factor analyses for FRT indicated that <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a larger effect on CoD performance than >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a total of <= 12 FRT sessions induced a larger effect than >12 training sessions. Practitioners in sports, in which accelerative and decelerative actions occur in quick succession to change direction, should regularly implement FRT.
KW  - human physical conditioning
KW  - eccentric training
KW  - strength training
KW  - athletes
KW  - sports
KW  - muscle strength
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127061
SN  - 1661-7827
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Titov, Evgenii
T1  - Effect of conformational disorder on exciton states of an azobenzene aggregate
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2  - Azobenzene is a prototypical molecular photoswitch, widely used to trigger a variety of transformations at different length scales. 
In systems like self-assembled monolayers or micelles, azobenzene chromophores may interact with each other, which gives rise to the emergence of exciton states. 

Here, using first-principles calculations, we investigate how conformational disorder (induced, e.g., by thermal fluctuations) affects localization of these states, on an example of an H-type azobenzene tetramer. 

We find that conformational disorder leads to (partial) exciton localization on a single-geometry level, whereas ensemble-averaging results in a delocalized picture. The pi pi* and n pi* excitons at high and low temperatures are discussed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp02774g
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 24
IS  - 39
SP  - 24002
EP  - 24006
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hafner, Verena
A1  - Hommel, Bernhard
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
A1  - Lee, Dongheui
A1  - Paulus, Markus
A1  - Verschoor, Stephan
T1  - Editorial: The mechanisms underlying the human minimal self
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - agents
KW  - self
KW  - minimal self
KW  - robotics
KW  - humanoids
KW  - cognition
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961480
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazzone, Angela
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Foody, Mairead
A1  - Blaya, Catherine
T1  - Editorial: A connected or isolated generation?
BT  - the impact of positive and harmful online communications on children and adolescents' wellbeing
JF  - Frontiers in education
KW  - children
KW  - adolescents
KW  - wellbeing
KW  - internet use
KW  - sharenting
KW  - cyberbullying
KW  - onlineharmful experiences
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.999028
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
A1  - Overhoff, Jürgen
A1  - Corfield, Penelope J.
ED  - Stockhorst, Stefanie
ED  - Overhoff, Jürgen
ED  - Corfield, Penelope J.
T1  - Editorial Introduction
JF  - Human-animal interactions in the eighteenth century : from pests and predators to pets, poems and philosophy
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-90-04-49539-5
SN  - 978-90-04-44872-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004495395_002
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Licht, Alexis
A1  - Kelson, Julia
A1  - Bergel, Shelly J.
A1  - Schauer, Andrew J.
A1  - Petersen, Sierra Victoria
A1  - Capirala, Ashika
A1  - Huntington, Katharine W.
A1  - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume
A1  - Win, Zaw
A1  - Aung, Day Wa
T1  - Dynamics of pedogenic carbonate growth in the tropical domain of Myanmar
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - Pedogenic carbonate is widespread at mid latitudes where warm and dry conditions favor soil carbonate growth from spring to fall. The mechanisms and timing of pedogenic carbonate formation are more ambiguous in the tropical domain, where long periods of soil water saturation and high soil respiration enhance calcite dissolution. This paper provides stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope values from Quaternary and Miocene pedogenic carbonates in the tropical domain of Myanmar, in areas characterized by warm (>18°C) winters and annual rainfall up to 1,700 mm. We show that carbonate growth in Myanmar is delayed to the driest and coldest months of the year by sustained monsoonal rainfall from mid spring to late fall. The range of isotopic variability in Quaternary pedogenic carbonates can be solely explained by temporal changes of carbonate growth within the dry season, from winter to early spring. We propose that high soil moisture year-round in the tropical domain narrows carbonate growth to the driest months and makes it particularly sensitive to the seasonal distribution of rainfall. This sensitivity is also enabled by high winter temperatures, allowing carbonate growth to occur outside the warmest months of the year. This high sensitivity is expected to be more prominent in the geological record during times with higher temperatures and greater expansion of the tropical realm. Clumped isotope temperatures, δ13C and δ18O values of tropical pedogenic carbonates are impacted by changes of both rainfall seasonality and surface temperatures; this sensitivity can potentially be used to track past tropical rainfall distribution.
KW  - clumped isotopes
KW  - pedogenic carbonate
KW  - monsoon
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009929
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zeitz, Maria
A1  - Haacker, Jan M.
A1  - Donges, Jonathan
A1  - Albrecht, Torsten
A1  - Winkelmann, Ricarda
T1  - Dynamic regimes of the Greenland Ice Sheet emerging from interacting melt-elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment feedbacks
JF  - Earth system dynamics
N2  - The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet under global warming is governed by a number of dynamic processes and interacting feedback mechanisms in the ice sheet, atmosphere and solid Earth. 
Here we study the long-term effects due to the interplay of the competing melt-elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) feedbacks for different temperature step forcing experiments with a coupled ice-sheet and solid-Earth model. 
Our model results show that for warming levels above 2 degrees C, Greenland could become essentially ice-free within several millennia, mainly as a result of surface melting and acceleration of ice flow. These ice losses are mitigated, however, in some cases with strong GIA feedback even promoting an incomplete recovery of the Greenland ice volume. We further explore the full-factorial parameter space determining the relative strengths of the two feedbacks: our findings suggest distinct dynamic regimes of the Greenland Ice Sheets on the route to destabilization under global warming - from incomplete recovery, via quasi-periodic oscillations in ice volume to ice-sheet collapse. 
In the incomplete recovery regime, the initial ice loss due to warming is essentially reversed within 50 000 years, and the ice volume stabilizes at 61 %-93 % of the present-day volume. For certain combinations of temperature increase, atmospheric lapse rate and mantle viscosity, the interaction of the GIA feedback and the melt-elevation feedback leads to self-sustained, long-term oscillations in ice-sheet volume with oscillation periods between 74 000 and over 300 000 years and oscillation amplitudes between 15 %-70 % of present-day ice volume. 
This oscillatory regime reveals a possible mode of internal climatic variability in the Earth system on timescales on the order of 100 000 years that may be excited by or synchronized with orbital forcing or interact with glacial cycles and other slow modes of variability. Our findings are not meant as scenario-based near-term projections of ice losses but rather providing insight into of the feedback loops governing the "deep future" and, thus, long-term resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1077-2022
SN  - 2190-4979
SN  - 2190-4987
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 1077
EP  - 1096
PB  - Copernicus Publ.
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kastius, Alexander
A1  - Schlosser, Rainer
T1  - Dynamic pricing under competition using reinforcement learning
JF  - Journal of revenue and pricing management
N2  - Dynamic pricing is considered a possibility to gain an advantage over competitors in modern online markets. The past advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provided more capable algorithms that can be used to solve pricing problems. In this paper, we study the performance of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Soft Actor Critic (SAC) in different market models. We consider tractable duopoly settings, where optimal solutions derived by dynamic programming techniques can be used for verification, as well as oligopoly settings, which are usually intractable due to the curse of dimensionality. We find that both algorithms provide reasonable results, while SAC performs better than DQN. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions, RL algorithms can be forced into collusion by their competitors without direct communication.
KW  - Dynamic pricing
KW  - Competition
KW  - Reinforcement learning
KW  - E-commerce
KW  - Price collusion
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-021-00285-3
SN  - 1476-6930
SN  - 1477-657X
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
PB  - Springer Nature Switzerland AG
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fredrich, Viktor
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Dyadic business model convergence or divergence in alliances?
BT  - a configurational approach
JF  - Journal of business research
N2  - In this study, we contribute to the scholarly conversation on firm-level business model changes following a neoconfigurational approach. By exploring configurations of business model changes over time, we add the direction of business model changes-namely business model convergence or divergence-as a vital avenue to the business model innovation literature. We identify necessary business model convergence and divergence recipes in a sample of N = 217 strategic dyadic alliances. Firstly, technological proximity emerges as a single precondition to both converging and diverging business models. Secondly, business models between competitors either converge through complementarities or tend not to change relative to each other. Thirdly, equity participation enables business model divergence through co-specialization. We conclude with a discussion of business model trajectories and future research directions.
KW  - Business model innovation
KW  - Business model changes
KW  - Convergence vs
KW  - divergence
KW  - Strategic alliances
KW  - Fuzzy -set qualitative comparative
KW  - analysis
KW  - (fsQCA)
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.046
SN  - 0148-2963
SN  - 1873-7978
VL  - 153
SP  - 300
EP  - 308
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fredrich, Viktor
A1  - Bouncken, Ricarda B.
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
T1  - Dyadic business model convergence or divergence in alliances?
BT  - a configurational approach
JF  - Journal of business research
N2  - In this study, we contribute to the scholarly conversation on firm-level business model changes following a neoconfigurational approach. By exploring configurations of business model changes over time, we add the direction of business model changes—namely business model convergence or divergence—as a vital avenue to the business model innovation literature. We identify necessary business model convergence and divergence recipes in a sample of N = 217 strategic dyadic alliances. Firstly, technological proximity emerges as a single pre-condition to both converging and diverging business models. Secondly, business models between competitors either converge through complementarities or tend not to change relative to each other. Thirdly, equity participation enables business model divergence through co-specialization. We conclude with a discussion of business model trajectories and future research directions.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.046
SN  - 0148-2963
VL  - 153
SP  - 300
EP  - 308
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Katharina
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
T1  - During the COVID-19 pandemic participants prefer settings with a face mask, no interaction and at a closer distance
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Peripersonal space is the space surrounding our body, where multisensory integration of stimuli and action execution take place. The size of peripersonal space is flexible and subject to change by various personal and situational factors. The dynamic representation of our peripersonal space modulates our spatial behaviors towards other individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this spatial behavior was modified by two further factors: social distancing and wearing a face mask. Evidence from offline and online studies on the impact of a face mask on pro-social behavior is mixed. In an attempt to clarify the role of face masks as pro-social or anti-social signals, 235 observers participated in the present online study. They watched pictures of two models standing at three different distances from each other (50, 90 and 150 cm), who were either wearing a face mask or not and were either interacting by initiating a hand shake or just standing still. The observers’ task was to classify the model by gender. Our results show that observers react fastest, and therefore show least avoidance, for the shortest distances (50 and 90 cm) but only when models wear a face mask and do not interact. Thus, our results document both pro- and anti-social consequences of face masks as a result of the complex interplay between social distancing and interactive behavior. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16730-1
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Irrgang, Anna M.
A1  - Bendixen, Mette
A1  - Farquharson, Louise M.
A1  - Baranskaya, Alisa
A1  - Erikson, Li H.
A1  - Gibbs, Ann E.
A1  - Ogorodov, Stanislav A.
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Grigoriev, Mikhail N.
A1  - Jones, Benjamin M.
T1  - Drivers, dynamics and impacts of changing Arctic coasts
JF  - Nature reviews earth and environment
N2  - Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic warming on Arctic coastal dynamics, however, is challenged by the limited availability of observational, oceanographic and environmental data. Yet, with the majority of permafrost coasts being erosive, coupled with projected intensification of erosion and flooding, understanding these changes is critical. In this Review, we describe the morphological diversity of Arctic coasts, discuss important drivers of coastal change, explain the specific sensitivity of Arctic coasts to climate change and provide an overview of pan-Arctic shoreline change and its multifaceted impacts. Arctic coastal changes impact the human environment by threatening coastal settlements, infrastructure, cultural sites and archaeological remains. Changing sediment fluxes also impact the natural environment through carbon, nutrient and pollutant release on a magnitude that remains difficult to predict. Increasing transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration efforts will build the foundation for identifying sustainable solutions and adaptation strategies to reduce future risks for those living on, working at and visiting the rapidly changing Arctic coast.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00232-1
SN  - 2662-138X
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 54
PB  - Nature Research
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klein, Konstantin
A1  - Lantuit, Hugues
A1  - Rolph, Rebecca
T1  - Drivers of Turbidity and Its Seasonal Variability at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (Western Canadian Arctic)
JF  - Water / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
N2  - The Arctic is greatly affected by climate change. Increasing air temperatures drive permafrost thaw and an increase in coastal erosion and river discharge. This results in a greater input of sediment and organic matter into nearshore waters, impacting ecosystems by reducing light transmission through the water column and altering biogeochemistry. This potentially results in impacts on the subsistence economy of local people as well as the climate due to the transformation of suspended organic matter into greenhouse gases. Even though the impacts of increased suspended sediment concentrations and turbidity in the Arctic nearshore zone are well-studied, the mechanisms underpinning this increase are largely unknown. Wave energy and tides drive the level of turbidity in the temperate and tropical parts of the world, and this is generally assumed to also be the case in the Arctic. However, the tidal range is considerably lower in the Arctic, and processes related to the occurrence of permafrost have the potential to greatly contribute to nearshore turbidity. In this study, we use high-resolution satellite imagery alongside in situ and ERA5 reanalysis data of ocean and climate variables in order to identify the drivers of nearshore turbidity, along with its seasonality in the nearshore waters of Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, in the western Canadian Arctic. Nearshore turbidity correlates well to wind direction, wind speed, significant wave height, and wave period. Nearshore turbidity is superiorly correlated to wind speed at the Beaufort Shelf compared to in situ measurements at Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk, showing that nearshore turbidity, albeit being of limited spatial extent, is influenced by large-scale weather and ocean phenomenons. We show that, in contrast to the temperate and tropical ocean, freshly eroded material is the predominant driver of nearshore turbidity in the Arctic, rather than resuspension, which is caused by the vulnerability of permafrost coasts to thermo-erosion.
KW  - ocean color remote sensing
KW  - Arctic ocean
KW  - suspended sediment
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Sentinel 2
KW  - ERA5
KW  - nearshore zone
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111751
SN  - 2073-4441
VL  - 14
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vogel, Johannes
T1  - Drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe
JF  - International Journal of Biometeorology
N2  - The life cycle of plants is largely determined by climate, which renders phenological responses to climate change a highly suitable bioindicator of climate change. Yet, it remains unclear, which are the key drivers of phenological patterns at certain life stages. Furthermore, the varying responses of species belonging to different plant functional types are not fully understood. In this study, the role of temperature and precipitation as environmental drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe is assessed. The trends of the phenophases leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, and senescence are quantified, and the corresponding main environmental drivers are identified. A clear trend towards an earlier onset of leaf unfolding, flowering, and fruiting is detected, while there is no clear pattern for senescence. In general, the advancement of leaf unfolding, flowering and fruiting is smaller for deciduous broadleaf trees in comparison to deciduous shrubs and crops. Many broadleaf trees are photoperiod-sensitive; therefore, their comparatively small phenological advancements are likely the effect of photoperiod counterbalancing the impact of increasing temperatures. While temperature is identified as the main driver of phenological changes, precipitation also plays a crucial role in determining the onset of leaf unfolding and flowering. Phenological phases advance under dry conditions, which can be linked to the lack of transpirational cooling leading to rising temperatures, which subsequently accelerate plant growth.
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Southern Europe
KW  - Plant functional types
KW  - Linear mixed effect model
KW  - Climate change
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02331-0
SN  - 0020-7128
SN  - 1432-1254
VL  - 66
IS  - 9
SP  - 1903
EP  - 1914
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sarabadani, Jalal
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Ala-Nissila, Tapio
T1  - Driven polymer translocation into a channel: Isoflux tension propagation theory and Langevin dynamics simulations
JF  - Physical Review Research
N2  - Isoflux tension propagation (IFTP) theory and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations are employed to study the dynamics of channel-driven polymer translocation in which a polymer translocates into a narrow channel and the monomers in the channel experience a driving force fc. In the high driving force limit, regardless of the channel width, IFTP theory predicts τ ∝ f βc for the translocation time, where β = −1 is the force scaling exponent. Moreover, LD data show that for a very narrow channel fitting only a single file of monomers, the entropic force due to the subchain inside the channel does not play a significant role in the translocation dynamics and the force exponent β = −1 regardless of the force magnitude. As the channel width increases the number of possible spatial configurations of the subchain inside the channel becomes significant and the resulting entropic force causes the force exponent to drop below unity.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033003
SN  - 2643-1564
VL  - 4
SP  - 033003-1
EP  - 033003-14
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park, Maryland, USA
ET  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Hennecke, Juliane
T1  - Drinking is different!
BT  - examining the role of locus of control for alcohol consumption
JF  - Empirical economics
N2  - Locus of control (LOC) measures how much an individual believes in the causal relationship between her own actions and her life’s outcomes. While earlier literature has shown that an increasing internal LOC is associated with increased health-conscious behavior in domains such as smoking, exercise or diets, we find that drinking seems to be different. Using very informative German panel data, we extend and generalize previous findings and find a significant positive association between having an internal LOC and the probability of occasional and regular drinking for men and women. An increase in an individual’s LOC by one standard deviation increases the probability of occasional or regular drinking on average by 3.4% for men and 6.9% for women. Using a decomposition method, we show that roughly a quarter of this association can be explained by differences in the social activities between internal and external individuals.
KW  - locus of control
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - health behavior
KW  - risk perception
KW  - social activity
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02219-3
SN  - 0377-7332
SN  - 1435-8921
VL  - 63
IS  - 5
SP  - 2785
EP  - 2815
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bartholomäus, Alexander
A1  - Mitzscherling, Julia
A1  - Lipus, Daniel
A1  - MacLean, Joana
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
T1  - Draft genome sequence of Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis NGK35T, isolated from plastic-polluted soil of an abandoned landfill
JF  - Microbiology Resource Announcements
N2  - The Gram-negative bacterium Paenalcaligenes niemegkensis NGK35(T) was isolated from plastic debris in an abandoned landfill. 
It has the ability to grow on polyethylene and hexadecane as the sole carbon sources. Here, we report the corresponding draft genome, which contains 3.66 Mbp and is characterized by a G+C content of 52.1%.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00671-22
SN  - 2576-098X
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
PB  - American Society for Microbiology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bartholomäus, Alexander
A1  - Lipus, Daniel
A1  - Mitzscherling, Julia
A1  - MacLean, Joana
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
T1  - Draft Genome Sequence of Nocardioides alcanivorans NGK65(T), a Hexadecane-Degrading Bacterium
JF  - Microbiology Resource Announcements
N2  - The Gram-positive bacterium Nocardioides alcanivorans NGK65(T) was isolated from plastic-polluted soil and cultivated on medium with polyethylene as the single carbon source. Nanopore sequencing revealed the presence of candidate enzymes for the biodegradation of polyethylene. Here, we report the draft genome of this newly described member of the terrestrial plastisphere.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01213-21
SN  - 2576-098X
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
PB  - American Society for Microbiology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Xiaoping
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1  - Flores Castellanos, Junio
A1  - Compart, Julia
A1  - Muntaha, Sidratul Nur
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Dpe2/phs1 revealed unique starch metabolism with three distinct phases characterized by different starch granule numbers per chloroplast, allowing insights into the control mechanism of granule number regulation by gene co-regulation and metabolic profiling
JF  - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2  - An Arabidopsis mutant lacking both the cytosolic Disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial glucan Phosphorylase 1 (PHS1) revealed a unique starch metabolism. Dpe2/phs1 has been reported to have only one starch granule number per chloroplast when grown under diurnal rhythm. For this study, we analyzed dpe2/phs1 in details following the mutant development, and found that it showed three distinct periods of granule numbers per chloroplast, while there was no obvious change observed in Col-0. In young plants, the starch granule number was similar to that in Col-0 at first, and then decreased significantly, down to one or no granule per chloroplast, followed by an increase in the granule number. Thus, in dpe2/phs1, control over the starch granule number is impaired, but it is not defective in starch granule initiation. The data also indicate that the granule number is not fixed, and is regulated throughout plant growth. Furthermore, the chloroplasts revealed alterations during these three periods, with a partially strong aberrant morphology in the middle phase. Interestingly, the unique metabolism was perpetuated when starch degradation was further impaired through an additional lack of Isoamylase 3 (ISA3) or Starch excess 4 (SEX4). Transcriptomic studies and metabolic profiling revealed the co-regulation of starch metabolism-related genes and a clear metabolic separation between the periods. Most senescence-induced genes were found to be up-regulated more than twice in the starch-less mature leaves. Thus, dpe2/phs1 is a unique plant material source, with which we may study starch granule number regulation to obtain a more detailed understanding.
KW  - LCSM
KW  - RNA-Seq
KW  - metabolic-profiling
KW  - starch granule number regulation
KW  - starch initiation
KW  - starch degradation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1039534
SN  - 1664-462X
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hering, Robert
A1  - Hauptfleisch, Morgan
A1  - Jago, Mark
A1  - Smith, Taylor
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Stiegler, Jonas
A1  - Blaum, Niels
T1  - Don't stop me now: Managed fence gaps could allow migratory ungulates to track dynamic resources and reduce fence related energy loss
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - In semi-arid environments characterized by erratic rainfall and scattered primary production, migratory movements are a key survival strategy of large herbivores to track resources over vast areas. Veterinary Cordon Fences (VCFs), intended to reduce wildlife-livestock disease transmission, fragment large parts of southern Africa and have limited the movements of large wild mammals for over 60 years. Consequently, wildlife-fence interactions are frequent and often result in perforations of the fence, mainly caused by elephants. Yet, we lack knowledge about at which times fences act as barriers, how fences directly alter the energy expenditure of native herbivores, and what the consequences of impermeability are. We studied 2-year ungulate movements in three common antelopes (springbok, kudu, eland) across a perforated part of Namibia's VCF separating a wildlife reserve and Etosha National Park using GPS telemetry, accelerometer measurements, and satellite imagery. We identified 2905 fence interaction events which we used to evaluate critical times of encounters and direct fence effects on energy expenditure. Using vegetation type-specific greenness dynamics, we quantified what animals gained in terms of high quality food resources from crossing the VCF. Our results show that the perforation of the VCF sustains herbivore-vegetation interactions in the savanna with its scattered resources. Fence permeability led to peaks in crossing numbers during the first flush of woody plants before the rain started. Kudu and eland often showed increased energy expenditure when crossing the fence. Energy expenditure was lowered during the frequent interactions of ungulates standing at the fence. We found no alteration of energy expenditure when springbok immediately found and crossed fence breaches. Our results indicate that constantly open gaps did not affect energy expenditure, while gaps with obstacles increased motion. Closing gaps may have confused ungulates and modified their intended movements. While browsing, sedentary kudu's use of space was less affected by the VCF; migratory, mixed-feeding springbok, and eland benefited from gaps by gaining forage quality and quantity after crossing. This highlights the importance of access to vast areas to allow ungulates to track vital vegetation patches.
KW  - veterinary cordon fence
KW  - ungulate
KW  - fence ecology
KW  - resource-tracking
KW  - energy expenditure
KW  - accelerometer
KW  - GPS
KW  - wildlife and habitat management
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.907079
SN  - 2296-701X
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimmermann, Andreas
A1  - Schabedoth, John Alexander
T1  - Domestic and international criminal justice
BT  - challenges ahead
JF  - KFG working paper series
N2  - This paper consists of two parts: In the first part, some of the challenges with which the Internationaal Criminal Court is currently confronted are being presented. First of all, the article will describe the current state of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statue. Afterwards, the article analyses the Court’s efforts to deal with cases against third-country nationals and the challenges it is facing in that regard. In addition, the Court’s case law will be analyzed in order to determine an increasing ‘emancipation’ of the case law of the International Criminal Court from international humanitarian law. The second part of the paper will briefly discuss the role of domestic international criminal law and domestic courts in the further development and enforcement of international criminal law. As an example of the role that domestic courts may have in clarifying classic issues in international law, the judgment of the German Supreme Court of January 28, 2021 (3 StR 564/19), which deals with the status of costumary international law on functional immunity of State officials before domestic courts, shall be assessed.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4087189
SN  - 2509-3762
SN  - 2509-3770
IS  - 57
PB  - Berlin Potsdam Research Group International Law - Rise or Decline?
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ewelt-Knauer, Corinna
A1  - Schwering, Anja
A1  - Winkelmann, Sandra
T1  - Doing good by doing bad
BT  - How tone at the top and tone at the bottom impact performance-improving noncompliant behavior
JF  - Journal of business ethics
N2  - This study investigates how tone at the top, implemented by top management, and tone at the bottom, in an employee’s immediate work environment, determine noncompliance. We focus on the disallowed actions of employees that improve their own and, in turn, the company’s performance, referred to as performance-improving noncompliant behavior (PINC behavior). We conduct a survey of German sales employees to investigate specifically how, on the one hand, (1) corporate rules and (2) performance pressure, both implemented by top management, and, on the other hand, (3) others’ PINC expectations and (4) others’ PINC behavior, both arising from the employee’s immediate work environment, influence PINC behavior. When considered in isolation, we find that corporate rules, as top management’s main instrument to guide employee behavior, decrease employee PINC behavior. However, this effect is negatively influenced by the employees’ immediate work environment when employees are expected to engage in PINC or when others engage in PINC. In contrast, even though top management places great performance pressure on employees, that by itself does not increase PINC behavior. Overall, our study informs practitioners and researchers about whether and how the four determinants increase or decrease employees’ PINC behavior, which is important to comprehend triggers and to counteract such misconduct.
KW  - noncompliance
KW  - tone at the top
KW  - tone at the bottom
KW  - corporate rules
KW  - performance pressure
KW  - others’ expectations
KW  - 0thers’ behavior
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04647-6
SN  - 0167-4544
SN  - 1573-0697
VL  - 175
IS  - 3
SP  - 609
EP  - 624
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scharf, Christina
A1  - Weinelt, Ferdinand Anton
A1  - Schroeder, Ines
A1  - Paal, Michael
A1  - Weigand, Michael
A1  - Zoller, Michael
A1  - Irlbeck, Michael
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
A1  - Briegel, Josef
A1  - Liebchen, Uwe
T1  - Does the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb (R) reduce vancomycin exposure in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock?
BT  - a prospective observational study
JF  - Annals of intensive care
N2  - Background: 
Hemadsorption of cytokines is used in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. Concerns have been raised that the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb (R) unintentionally adsorbs vancomycin. This study aimed to quantify vancomycin elimination by CytoSorb (R) . 

Methods: 
Critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock receiving continuous renal replacement therapy and CytoSorb (R) treatment during a prospective observational study were included in the analysis. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics was characterized using population pharmacokinetic modeling. Adsorption of vancomycin by the CytoSorb (R) was investigated as linear or saturable process. The final model was used to derive dosing recommendations based on stochastic simulations. 

Results:
20 CytoSorb (R) treatments in 7 patients (160 serum samples/24 during CytoSorb (R)-treatment, all continuous infusion) were included in the study. A classical one-compartment model, including effluent flow rate of the continuous hemodialysis as linear covariate on clearance, best described the measured concentrations (without CytoSorb (R)). Significant adsorption with a linear decrease during CytoSorb (R) treatment was identified (p <0.0001) and revealed a maximum increase in vancomycin clearance of 291% (initially after CytoSorb (R) installation) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 572 mg. For a representative patient of our cohort a reduction of the area under the curve (AUC) by 93 mg/L*24 h during CytoSorb (R) treatment was observed. The additional administration of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb (R) attenuated the effect and revealed a negligible reduction of the AUC by 4 mg/L*24h.

Conclusion: 
We recommend the infusion of 500 mg vancomycin over 2 h during CytoSorb (R) treatment to avoid subtherapeutic concentrations.
KW  - Vancomycin
KW  - Critically ill patients
KW  - CytoSorb (R)
KW  - Sepsis;
KW  - Pharmacokinetics
KW  - Adsorption
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-01017-5
SN  - 2110-5820
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meier, Adrian
A1  - Krause, Hannes-Vincent
T1  - Does passive social media use harm well-being?
BT  - an adversarial review
JF  - Journal of media psychology
N2  - Research into the effects of social media on well-being often distinguishes “active” and “passive” use, with passive use supposedly more harmful to well-being (i.e., the passive use hypothesis). Recently, several studies and reviews have begun to question this hypothesis and its conceptual basis, the active/passive dichotomy. As this dichotomy has become a staple of social media research but evidence challenging its validity is mounting, a comprehensive debate on its pros, cons, and potential future is needed. This adversarial review brings together two voices – one more supportive, and the other more critical – toward the active/passive model. In constructive dialogue, we summarize and contrast our two opposing positions: The first position argues that the active/passive dichotomy is a useful framework because it adequately describes how and why passive use is (more) harmful for well-being. The second position challenges the validity of the dichotomy and the passive use hypothesis specifically. Arguments are presented alongside (a) the empirical basis, (b) conceptualization, and (c) operationalization of active and passive use, with particular focus on the passive use hypothesis. Rather than offering a conciliatory summary of the status quo, the goal of this review is to carve out key points of friction in the literature on the effects of social media through fruitful debate. We summarize our main agreements and unresolved disagreements on the merits and shortcomings of the active/passive dichotomy. In doing so, this review paves the way for researchers to decide whether and how they want to continue applying this lens in their future work.
KW  - social media
KW  - active/passive dichotomy
KW  - well-being
KW  - adversarial review
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000358
SN  - 1864-1105
SN  - 2151-2388
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
SP  - 169
EP  - 180
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Quandte, Sabine
A1  - Kohn, Juliane
A1  - Kucian, Karin
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - von Aster, Michael
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Does It Count? Pre-School Children’s Spontaneous Focusing on Numerosity and Their Development of Arithmetical Skills at School
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Background: 
Children’s spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) is related to numerical skills. This study aimed to examine (1) the developmental trajectory of SFON and (2) the interrelations between SFON and early numerical skills at pre-school as well as their influence on arithmetical skills at school. 

Method: 
Overall, 1868 German pre-school children were repeatedly assessed until second grade. Nonverbal intelligence, visual attention, visuospatial working memory, SFON and numerical skills were assessed at age five (M = 63 months, Time 1) and age six (M = 72 months, Time 2), and arithmetic was assessed at second grade (M = 95 months, Time 3). 

Results: 
SFON increased significantly during pre-school. Path analyses revealed interrelations between SFON and several numerical skills, except number knowledge. Magnitude estimation and basic calculation skills (Time 1 and Time 2), and to a small degree number knowledge (Time 2), contributed directly to arithmetic in second grade. The connection between SFON and arithmetic was fully mediated by magnitude estimation and calculation skills at pre-school. 

Conclusion: 
Our results indicate that SFON first and foremost influences deeper understanding of numerical concepts at pre-school and—in contrast to previous findings –affects only indirectly children’s arithmetical development at school.
KW  - SFON
KW  - school mathematics
KW  - mathematical precursor
KW  - counting
KW  - number knowledge
KW  - magnitude estimation
KW  - transformation
KW  - pre-school
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - development
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030313
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stone, Kate
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Malsburg, Titus von der
T1  - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers’ predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813
SN  - 1932-6203
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - PLOS ONE
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stone, Kate
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - von der Malsburg, Titus Raban
T1  - Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed [...] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music [...] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1 mu Vfor the N400 and larger than 3 mu V for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267813
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 17
IS  - 8
PB  - PLOS
CY  - San Francisco, California, US
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Monod, Emmanuel
A1  - Lissillour, Raphael
A1  - Köster, Antonia
A1  - Jiayin, Qi
T1  - Does AI control or support?
BT  - power shifts after AI system implementation in customer relationship management
JF  - Journal of decision systems
N2  - Many companies are currently investing in artificial intelligence (AI) because of its potential to increase customer satisfaction or financial performance. However, the success rates in implementing AI systems are low, partly due to technology-centric approaches that neglect work practices. This study draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice to highlight the potential power shift related to AI in customer relationship management, based on the concepts field, capital, and habitus. Two longitudinal case studies were conducted to understand the power shift related to AI implementation. These two AI systems were designed with the objective to support employees. However, subsequently, their implementation changed the balance of power with a significant shift towards more management control, resulting in a devaluation of employees’ work practices. The paper discusses implications for theory and practice in terms of the discrepancies and power shifts following the introduction of AI systems to support customer relationship management.
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - customer relationship management
KW  - theory of practice
KW  - field of power
KW  - social capital
KW  - economic capital
KW  - cultural capital
KW  - symbolic capital
KW  - habitus
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2022.2066051
SN  - 1246-0125
SN  - 2116-7052
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 542
EP  - 565
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Heinze, Peter Eric
T1  - Do bigger egos mean bigger presence? Facets of grandiose narcissism and mindfulness
JF  - Current Psychology
N2  - Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Mindfulness
KW  - Meditation
KW  - Structural equation modeling
KW  - Self-enhancement
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03115-w
SN  - 1046-1310
SN  - 1936-4733
VL  - 42
SP  - 19795
EP  - 19807
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kiemel, Katrin
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - DNA metabarcoding reveals impact of local recruitment, dispersal, and hydroperiod on assembly of a zooplankton metacommunity
JF  - Molecular ecology
N2  - Understanding the environmental impact on the assembly of local communities in relation to their spatial and temporal connectivity is still a challenge in metacommunity ecology. This study aims to unravel underlying metacommunity processes and environmental factors that result in observed zooplankton communities. Unlike most metacommunity studies, we jointly examine active and dormant zooplankton communities using a DNA metabarcoding approach to overcome limitations of morphological species identification. We applied two-fragment (COI and 18S) metabarcoding to monitor communities of 24 kettle holes over a two-year period to unravel (i) spatial and temporal connectivity of the communities, (ii) environmental factors influencing local communities, and (iii) dominant underlying metacommunity processes in this system. We found a strong separation of zooplankton communities from kettle holes of different hydroperiods (degree of permanency) throughout the season, while the community composition within single kettle holes did not differ between years. Species richness was primarily dependent on pH and permanency, while species diversity (Shannon Index) was influenced by kettle hole location. Community composition was impacted by kettle hole size and surrounding field crops. Environmental processes dominated temporal and spatial processes. Sediment communities showed a different composition compared to water samples but did not differ between ephemeral and permanent kettle holes. Our results suggest that communities are mainly structured by environmental filtering based on pH, kettle hole size, surrounding field crops, and permanency. Environmental filtering based on specific conditions in individual kettle holes seems to be the dominant process in community assembly in the studied zooplankton metacommunity.
KW  - bulk DNA
KW  - dispersal
KW  - DNA-metabarcoding
KW  - environmental filtering;
KW  - metacommunity
KW  - zooplankton
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16627
SN  - 0962-1083
SN  - 1365-294X
VL  - 32
IS  - 23
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
T1  - Divided loyalties?
BT  - the role of national IO staff in aid–funded procurement
JF  - Governance
N2  - Many operational International Organizations (IOs) rely on national staff when implementing projects in member states. However, fears persist that the loyalties of national IO staff may be divided when working in their home countries. The article studies differences in more than 50,000 procurement decisions taken in 1729 projects overseen by World Bank staff working as expatriates or in their home countries. The empirical results show that when staff work in their home countries, national suppliers' probability of winning procurement contracts increases. However, these increases are not driven by restricted procurement processes—that exclude competition—which are often seen as red flags for corruption. Instead, restricted procurement processes seem to be less likely when staff work in their home countries. These findings imply that national IO staff use their country-specific knowledge to increase the development effectiveness of procurement in line with the mandate of the World Bank.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12650
SN  - 0952-1895
SN  - 1468-0491
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1203
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuhrmeister, Pamela
A1  - Bürki-Foschini, Audrey Damaris
T1  - Distributional properties of semantic interference in picture naming
BT  - Bayesian meta-analyses
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Studies of word production often make use of picture-naming tasks, including the picture-word-interference task. In this task, participants name pictures with superimposed distractor words. They typically need more time to name pictures when the distractor word is semantically related to the picture than when it is unrelated (the semantic interference effect). The present study examines the distributional properties of this effect in a series of Bayesian meta-analyses. Meta-analytic estimates of the semantic interference effect first show that the effect is present throughout the reaction time distribution and that it increases throughout the distribution. Second, we find a correlation between a participant's mean semantic interference effect and the change in the effect in the tail of the reaction time distribution, which has been argued to reflect the involvement of selective inhibition in the naming task. Finally, we show with simulated data that this correlation emerges even when no inhibition is used to generate the data, which suggests that inhibition is not needed to explain this relationship.
KW  - Picture-word-interference task
KW  - Semantic interference effect
KW  - Selective
KW  - inhibition
KW  - Delta plot analyses
KW  - Individual differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-02016-6
SN  - 1069-9384
SN  - 1531-5320
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 635
EP  - 647
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aga-Barfknecht, Heja
A1  - Soultoukis, George A.
A1  - Stadion, Mandy
A1  - Garcia-Carrizo, Francisco
A1  - Jähnert, Markus
A1  - Gottmann, Pascal
A1  - Vogel, Heike
A1  - Schulz, Tim Julius
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - Distinct adipogenic and fibrogenic differentiation capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells from pancreas and white adipose tissue
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Pancreatic steatosis associates with beta-cell failure and may participate in the development of type-2-diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that diabetes-susceptible mice accumulate more adipocytes in the pancreas than diabetes-resistant mice. In addition, we have demonstrated that the co-culture of pancreatic islets and adipocytes affect insulin secretion. The aim of this current study was to elucidate if and to what extent pancreas-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with adipogenic progenitor potential differ from the corresponding stromal-type cells of the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). miRNA (miRNome) and mRNA expression (transcriptome) analyses of MSCs isolated by flow cytometry of both tissues revealed 121 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1227 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Target prediction analysis estimated 510 DEGs to be regulated by 58 differentially expressed miRNAs. Pathway analyses of DEGs and miRNA target genes showed unique transcriptional and miRNA signatures in pancreas (pMSCs) and iWAT MSCs (iwatMSCs), for instance fibrogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Accordingly, iwatMSCs revealed a higher adipogenic lineage commitment, whereas pMSCs showed an elevated fibrogenesis. As a low degree of adipogenesis was also observed in pMSCs of diabetes-susceptible mice, we conclude that the development of pancreatic steatosis has to be induced by other factors not related to cell-autonomous transcriptomic changes and miRNA-based signals.
KW  - MSCs
KW  - fatty pancreas
KW  - WAT
KW  - lineage commitment
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - miRNAs
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042108
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
PB  - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nguyen, Tam
A1  - Kumar, Rohini
A1  - Musolff, Andreas
A1  - Lutz, Stefanie R.
A1  - Sarrazin, Fanny
A1  - Attinger, Sabine
A1  - Fleckenstein, Jan H.
T1  - Disparate Seasonal Nitrate Export From Nested Heterogeneous Subcatchments Revealed With StorAge Selection Functions
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - Understanding catchment controls on catchment solute export is a prerequisite for water quality management. StorAge Selection (SAS) functions encapsulate essential information about catchment functioning in terms of discharge selection preference and solute export dynamics. However, they lack information on the spatial origin of solutes when applied at the catchment scale, thereby limiting our understanding of the internal (subcatchment) functioning. Here, we parameterized SAS functions in a spatially explicit way to understand the internal catchment responses and transport dynamics of reactive dissolved nitrate (N-NO3). The model was applied in a nested mesoscale catchment (457 km(2)), consisting of a mountainous partly forested, partly agricultural subcatchment, a middle-reach forested subcatchment, and a lowland agricultural subcatchment. The model captured flow and nitrate concentration dynamics not only at the catchment outlet but also at internal gauging stations. Results reveal disparate subsurface mixing dynamics and nitrate export among headwater and lowland subcatchments. The headwater subcatchment has high seasonal variation in subsurface mixing schemes and younger water in discharge, while the lowland subcatchment has less pronounced seasonality in subsurface mixing and much older water in discharge. Consequently, nitrate concentration in discharge from the headwater subcatchment shows strong seasonality, whereas that from the lowland subcatchment is stable in time. The temporally varying responses of headwater and lowland subcatchments alternate the dominant contribution to nitrate export in high and low-flow periods between subcatchments. Overall, our results demonstrate that the spatially explicit SAS modeling provides useful information about internal catchment functioning, helping to develop or evaluate spatial management practices.
KW  - catchment nitrate export
KW  - StorAge Selection function
KW  - travel time distribution
KW  - mesoscale heterogeneous catchment
KW  - subcatchment response
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030797
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar
A1  - Fernández Serrano, Ricardo
A1  - Saliwan-Neumann, Romeo
A1  - Gonzalez-Doncel, Gaspar
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
T1  - Dislocation substructures in pure aluminium after creep deformation as studied by electron backscatter diffraction
JF  - Journal of applied crystallography / International Union of Crystallography
N2  - In the present work, electron backscatter diffraction was used to determine the microscopic dislocation structures generated during creep (with tests interrupted at the steady state) in pure 99.8% aluminium. This material was investigated at two different stress levels, corresponding to the power-law and power-law breakdown regimes. The results show that the formation of subgrain cellular structures occurs independently of the crystallographic orientation. However, the density of these cellular structures strongly depends on the grain crystallographic orientation with respect to the tensile axis direction, with (111) grains exhibiting the highest densities at both stress levels. It is proposed that this behaviour is due to the influence of intergranular stresses, which is different in (111) and (001) grains.
KW  - creep
KW  - pure aluminium
KW  - electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)
KW  - cellular
KW  - structures
KW  - power law and power-law breakdown
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576722005209
SN  - 1600-5767
VL  - 55
SP  - 860
EP  - 869
PB  - Munksgaard
CY  - Copenhagen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neuschäfer-Rube, Frank
A1  - Pathe-Neuschäfer-Rube, Andrea
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
T1  - Discrimination of the activity of low-affinity wild-type and high-affinity mutant recombinant BoNT/B by a SIMA cell-based reporter release assay
JF  - Toxins
N2  - Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is used for the treatment of a number of ailments. The activity of the toxin that is isolated from bacterial cultures is frequently tested in the mouse lethality assay. Apart from the ethical concerns inherent to this assay, species-specific differences in the affinity for different BoNT serotypes give rise to activity results that differ from the activity in humans. Thus, BoNT/B is more active in mice than in humans. The current study shows that the stimulus-dependent release of a luciferase from a differentiated human neuroblastoma–based reporter cell line (SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc) was inhibited by clostridial and recombinant BoNT/A to the same extent, whereas both clostridial and recombinant BoNT/B inhibited the release to a lesser extent and only at much higher concentrations, reflecting the low activity of BoNT/B in humans. By contrast, the genetically modified BoNT/B-MY, which has increased affinity for human synaptotagmin, and the BoNT/B protein receptor inhibited luciferase release effectively and with an EC50 comparable to recombinant BoNT/A. This was due to an enhanced uptake into the reporter cells of BoNT/B-MY in comparison to the recombinant wild-type toxin. Thus, the SIMA-hPOMC1-26-Gluc cell assay is a versatile tool to determine the activity of different BoNT serotypes providing human-relevant dose-response data.
KW  - cell-based assay
KW  - genetically modified BoNT
KW  - BoNT/B uptake
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14010065
SN  - 2072-6651
VL  - 14
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sachse, Manuel
A1  - Kappel, David
A1  - Tirsch, Daniela
A1  - Otto, Katharina A.
T1  - Discrete element modeling of aeolian-like morphologies on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. 
Even after the Rosetta mission, some of the mechanical parameters of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's surface material are still not well constrained. They are needed to improve our understanding of cometary activity or for planning sample return procedures.

Aims. 
We discuss the physical process dominating the formation of aeolian-like surface features in the form of moats and wind taillike bedforms around obstacles and investigate the mechanical and geometrical parameters involved.

Methods. 
By applying the discrete element method (DEM) in a low-gravity environment, we numerically simulated the dynamics of the surface layer particles and the particle stream involved in the formation of aeolian-like morphological features. The material is composed of polydisperse spherical particles that consist of a mixture of dust and water ice, with interparticle forces given by the Hertz contact model, cohesion, friction, and rolling friction. We determined a working set of parameters that enables simulations to be reasonably realistic and investigated morphological changes when modifying these parameters.

Results.
The aeolian-like surface features are reasonably well reproduced using model materials with a tensile strength on the order of 0.1-1 Pa. Stronger materials and obstacles with round shapes impede the formation of a moat and a wind tail. The integrated dust flux required for the formation of moats and wind tails is on the order of 100 kg m(-2), which, based on the timescale of morphological changes inferred from Rosetta images, translates to a near-surface particle density on the order of 10(-6)-10(-4) kg m(-3).

Conclusions.
DEM modeling of the aeolian-like surface features reveals complex formation mechanisms that involve both deposition of ejected material and surface erosion. More numerical work and additional in situ measurements or sample return missions are needed to better investigate mechanical parameters of cometary surface material and to understand the mechanics of cometary activity.
KW  - comets: general
KW  - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
KW  - methods: numerical
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141296
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 662
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  -