TY  - JOUR
A1  - Milewski, Robert
A1  - Chabrillat, Sabine
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
T1  - Analyses of Namibian Seasonal Salt Pan Crust Dynamics and Climatic Drivers Using Landsat 8 Time-Series and Ground Data
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - Salt pans are highly dynamic environments that are difficult to study by in situ methods because of their harsh climatic conditions and large spatial areas. Remote sensing can help to elucidate their environmental dynamics and provide important constraints regarding their sedimentological, mineralogical, and hydrological evolution. This study utilizes spaceborne multitemporal multispectral optical data combined with spectral endmembers to document spatial distribution of surface crust types over time on the Omongwa pan located in the Namibian Kalahari. For this purpose, 49 surface samples were collected for spectral and mineralogical characterization during three field campaigns (2014–2016) reflecting different seasons and surface conditions of the salt pan. An approach was developed to allow the spatiotemporal analysis of the salt pan crust dynamics in a dense time-series consisting of 77 Landsat 8 cloud-free scenes between 2014 and 2017, covering at least three major wet–dry cycles. The established spectral analysis technique Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC) extraction method was used to derive image endmembers from the Landsat time-series stack. Evaluation of the extracted endmember set revealed that the multispectral data allowed the differentiation of four endmembers associated with mineralogical mixtures of the crust’s composition in dry conditions and three endmembers associated with flooded or muddy pan conditions. The dry crust endmember spectra have been identified in relation to visible, near infrared, and short-wave infrared (VNIR–SWIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the collected surface samples. According these results, the spectral endmembers are interpreted as efflorescent halite crust, mixed halite–gypsum crust, mixed calcite quartz sepiolite crust, and gypsum crust. For each Landsat scene the spatial distribution of these crust types was mapped with the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method and significant spatiotemporal dynamics of the major surface crust types were observed. Further, the surface crust dynamics were analyzed in comparison with the pan’s moisture regime and other climatic parameters. The results show that the crust dynamics are mainly driven by flooding events in the wet season, but are also influenced by temperature and aeolian activity in the dry season. The approach utilized in this study combines the advantages of multitemporal satellite data for temporal event characterization with advantages from hyperspectral methods for the image and ground data analyses that allow improved mineralogical differentiation and characterization.
KW  - salt pan
KW  - playa
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - crust
KW  - saline pan cycle
KW  - evaporites
KW  - time-series mapping
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030474
SN  - 2072-4292
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Arntz, Fabian
A1  - Kriemler, Susi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - An update on secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents from 1972 to 2015
BT  - a systematic review
JF  - Sports medicine
N2  - Background There is evidence that physical fitness of children and adolescents (particularly cardiorespiratory endurance) has declined globally over the past decades. Ever since the first reports on negative trends in physical fitness, efforts have been undertaken by for instance the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is timely to re-analyze the literature to examine whether previous reports on secular declines in physical fitness are still detectable or whether they need to be updated. Objectives The objective of this systematic review is to provide an 'update' on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Data Sources A systematic computerized literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science to locate studies that explicitly reported secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents. Study Eligibility Criteria Studies were included in this systematic review if they examined secular trends between at least two time points across a minimum of 5 years. In addition, they had to document secular trends in any measure of cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power or speed in apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods The included studies were coded for the following criteria: nation, physical fitness component (cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed), chronological age, sex (boys vs. girls), and year of assessment. Scores were standardized (i.e., converted to z scores) with sample-weighted means and standard deviations, pooled across sex and year of assessment within cells defined by study, test, and children's age. Results The original search identified 524 hits. In the end, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The observation period was between 1972 and 2015. Fifteen of the 22 studies used tests for cardiorespiratory endurance, eight for relative muscle strength, eleven for proxies of muscle power, and eight for speed. Measures of cardiorespiratory endurance exhibited a large initial increase and an equally large subsequent decrease, but the decrease appears to have reached a floor for all children between 2010 and 2015. Measures of relative muscle strength showed a general trend towards a small increase. Measures of proxies of muscle power indicated an overall small negative quadratic trend. For measures of speed, a small-to-medium increase was observed in recent years. Limitations Biological maturity was not considered in the analysis because biological maturity was not reported in most included studies. Conclusions Negative secular trends were particularly found for cardiorespiratory endurance between 1986 and 2010-12, irrespective of sex. Relative muscle strength and speed showed small increases while proxies of muscle power declined. Although the negative trend in cardiorespiratory endurance appears to have reached a floor in recent years, because of its association with markers of health, we recommend further initiatives in PA and fitness promotion for children and adolescents. More specifically, public health efforts should focus on exercise that increases cardiorespiratory endurance to prevent adverse health effects (i.e. <br /> , overweight and obesity) and muscle strength to lay a foundation for motor skill learning.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01373-x
SN  - 0112-1642
SN  - 1179-2035
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 303
EP  - 320
PB  - Springer
CY  - Northcote
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Qin, Xia
A1  - Faaß, Marcel
A1  - Niedermeier, Frank
T1  - An Overview of the ‘National Multiplication Trainings’ Programme
JF  - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung
N2  - The article introduces the efforts exerted to initiate multiplication of the DIES training courses to a wider audience of higher education managers and academics in the target regions. The DIES ‘National Multiplication Trainings’ Programme has supported three cohorts of alumni teams so far to implement national training courses in the area of higher education leadership and management. The article sets the context of this publication and reflects on the main evaluation results of the programme implementation itself.
KW  - training multiplication
KW  - higher education management
KW  - higher education leadership
KW  - capacity building
KW  - alumni work
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-493344
SN  - 978-3-86956-496-8
SN  - 2192-1075
SN  - 2192-1083
IS  - 5
SP  - 17
EP  - 35
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Hai
A1  - Höper, Rune
A1  - Dodenhöft, Moritz
A1  - Marlière, Philippe
A1  - Bar-Even, Arren
T1  - An optimized methanol assimilation pathway relying on promiscuous formaldehyde-condensing aldolases in E. coli
JF  - Metabolic Engineering
N2  - Engineering biotechnological microorganisms to use methanol as a feedstock for bioproduction is a major goal for the synthetic metabolism community. Here, we aim to redesign the natural serine cycle for implementation in E. coli. We propose the homoserine cycle, relying on two promiscuous formaldehyde aldolase reactions, as a superior pathway design. The homoserine cycle is expected to outperform the serine cycle and its variants with respect to biomass yield, thermodynamic favorability, and integration with host endogenous metabolism. Even as compared to the RuMP cycle, the most efficient naturally occurring methanol assimilation route, the homoserine cycle is expected to support higher yields of a wide array of products. We test the in vivo feasibility of the homoserine cycle by constructing several E. coli gene deletion strains whose growth is coupled to the activity of different pathway segments. Using this approach, we demonstrate that all required promiscuous enzymes are active enough to enable growth of the auxotrophic strains. Our findings thus identify a novel metabolic solution that opens the way to an optimized methylotrophic platform.
KW  - Pathway design
KW  - Promiscuous enzymes
KW  - Formaldehyde assimilation
KW  - Serine cycle
KW  - Growth selection
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2020.03.002
SN  - 1096-7176
SN  - 1096-7184
VL  - 60
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esfahani, Reza Dokht Dolatabadi
A1  - Gholami, Ali
A1  - Ohrnberger, Matthias
T1  - An inexact augmented Lagrangian method for nonlinear dispersion-curve inversion using Dix-type global linear approximation
JF  - Geophysics : a journal of general and applied geophysics
N2  - Dispersion-curve inversion of Rayleigh waves to infer subsurface shear-wave velocity is a long-standing problem in seismology. Due to nonlinearity and ill-posedness, sophisticated regularization techniques are required to solve the problem for a stable velocity model. We have formulated the problem as a minimization problem with nonlinear operator constraint and then solve it by using an inexact augmented Lagrangian method, taking advantage of the Haney-Tsai Dix-type relation (a global linear approximation of the nonlinear forward operator). This replaces the original regularized nonlinear problem with iterative minimization of a more tractable regularized linear problem followed by a nonlinear update of the phase velocity (data) in which the update can be performed accurately with any forward modeling engine, for example, the finite-element method. The algorithm allows discretizing the medium with thin layers (for the finite-element method) and thus omitting the layer thicknesses from the unknowns and also allows incorporating arbitrary regularizations to shape the desired velocity model. In this research, we use total variation regularization to retrieve the shear-wave velocity model. We use two synthetic and two real data examples to illustrate the performance of the inversion algorithm with total variation regularization. We find that the method is fast and stable, and it converges to the solution of the original nonlinear problem.
KW  - surface wave
KW  - nonlinear
KW  - inversion
KW  - modeling
KW  - finite element
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0717.1
SN  - 0016-8033
SN  - 1942-2156
VL  - 85
IS  - 3
SP  - EN77
EP  - EN85
PB  - GeoScienceWorld
CY  - Tulsa, Okla.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, H.
A1  - Adam, R.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, F. Ait
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Arcaro, C.
A1  - Armand, C.
A1  - Armstrong, T.
A1  - Ashkar, H.
A1  - Backes, M.
A1  - Baghmanyan, V.
A1  - Martins, V. Barbosa
A1  - Barnacka, A.
A1  - Barnard, M.
A1  - Becherini, Y.
A1  - Berge, D.
A1  - Bernlohr, K.
A1  - Bi, B.
A1  - Bottcher, M.
A1  - Boisson, C.
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - de Lavergne, M. de Bony
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Breuhaus, M.
A1  - Brun, F.
A1  - Brun, P.
A1  - Bryan, M.
A1  - Buchele, M.
A1  - Bulik, T.
A1  - Bylund, T.
A1  - Caroff, S.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Chand, T.
A1  - Chandra, S.
A1  - Chen, A.
A1  - Cotter, G.
A1  - Curylo, M.
A1  - Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Davies, J.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Devin, J.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dirson, L.
A1  - Djannati-Atai, A.
A1  - Dmytriiev, A.
A1  - Donath, A.
A1  - Doroshenko, V.
A1  - Duffy, C.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eichhorn, F.
A1  - Einecke, S.
A1  - Emery, G.
A1  - Ernenwein, J. -P.
A1  - Feijen, K.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gabici, S.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giunti, L.
A1  - Glawion, D.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Haupt, M.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hinton, J. A.
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hoischen, Clemens
A1  - Holch, T. L.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horbe, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Huber, D.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, D.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jardin-Blicq, A.
A1  - Joshi, V.
A1  - Jung-Richardt, I.
A1  - Kasai, E.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Khangulyan, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Konno, R.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kostunin, D.
A1  - Kreter, M.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Levy, C.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lypova, I.
A1  - Mackey, J.
A1  - Majumdar, J.
A1  - Malyshev, D.
A1  - Malyshev, D.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marchegiani, P.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Mares, A.
A1  - Marti-Devesa, G.
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Mitchell, A.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mohrmann, L.
A1  - Montanari, A.
A1  - Moore, C.
A1  - Morris, P.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Muller, J.
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Nakashima, K.
A1  - Nayerhoda, A.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Ndiyavala, H.
A1  - Niederwanger, F.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - O'Brien, Patrick
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Olivera-Nieto, L.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Panny, S.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Peron, G.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Piel, Q.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poireau, V.
A1  - Noel, A. Priyana
A1  - Prokhorov, D. A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Puhlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Rauth, R.
A1  - Reichherzer, P.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Remy, Q.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rinchiuso, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Ruiz-Velasco, E.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sailer, S.
A1  - Sanchez, D. A.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Sasaki, M.
A1  - Scalici, M.
A1  - Schussler, F.
A1  - Schutte, H. M.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Seglar-Arroyo, M.
A1  - Senniappan, M.
A1  - Seyffert, A. S.
A1  - Shafi, N.
A1  - Shiningayamwe, K.
A1  - Simoni, R.
A1  - Sinha, A.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Specovius, A.
A1  - Spencer, S.
A1  - Spir-Jacob, M.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Sun, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, C.
A1  - Steinmassl, S.
A1  - Steppa, C.
A1  - Takahashi, T.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tiziani, D.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Tomankova, L.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Tsirou, M.
A1  - Tuffs, R.
A1  - Uchiyama, Y.
A1  - van der Walt, D. J.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Rensburg, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Volk, H. J.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wadiasingh, Z.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Watson, J.
A1  - Werner, F.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wong, Yu Wun
A1  - Yusafzai, A.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Zargaryan, D.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zhu, S. J.
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Zorn, J.
A1  - Zouari, S.
A1  - Zywucka, N.
T1  - An extreme particle accelerator in the Galactic plane
BT  - HESS J1826-130
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - The unidentified very-high-energy (VHE; E > 0.1 TeV) gamma -ray source, HESS J1826-130, was discovered with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in the Galactic plane. The analysis of 215 h of HESS data has revealed a steady gamma -ray flux from HESS J1826-130, which appears extended with a half-width of 0.21 degrees +/- 0.02 <br /> (stat)degrees <br /> stat degrees +/- 0.05 <br /> (sys)degrees sys degrees . The source spectrum is best fit with either a power-law function with a spectral index Gamma = 1.78 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and an exponential cut-off at 15.2 <br /> (+5.5)(-3.2) -3.2+5.5 TeV, or a broken power-law with Gamma (1) = 1.96 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.20(sys), Gamma (2) = 3.59 +/- 0.69(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) for energies below and above E-br = 11.2 +/- 2.7 TeV, respectively. The VHE flux from HESS J1826-130 is contaminated by the extended emission of the bright, nearby pulsar wind nebula, HESS J1825-137, particularly at the low end of the energy spectrum. Leptonic scenarios for the origin of HESS J1826-130 VHE emission related to PSR J1826-1256 are confronted by our spectral and morphological analysis. In a hadronic framework, taking into account the properties of dense gas regions surrounding HESS J1826-130, the source spectrum would imply an astrophysical object capable of accelerating the parent particle population up to greater than or similar to 200 TeV. Our results are also discussed in a multiwavelength context, accounting for both the presence of nearby supernova remnants, molecular clouds, and counterparts detected in radio, X-rays, and TeV energies.
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - gamma rays:
KW  - ISM
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038851
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 644
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baroni, Gabriele
A1  - Francke, Till
T1  - An effective strategy for combining variance- and distribution-based global sensitivity analysis
JF  - Environmental modelling & software with environment data news
N2  - We present a new strategy for performing global sensitivity analysis capable to estimate main and interaction effects from a generic sampling design. The new strategy is based on a meaningful combination of varianceand distribution-based approaches. The strategy is tested on four analytic functions and on a hydrological model. Results show that the analysis is consistent with the state-of-the-art Saltelli/Jansen formula but to better quantify the interaction effect between the input factors when the output distribution is skewed. Moreover, the estimation of the sensitivity indices is much more robust requiring a smaller number of simulations runs. Specific settings and alternative methods that can be integrated in the new strategy are also discussed. Overall, the strategy is considered as a new simple and effective tool for performing global sensitivity analysis that can be easily integrated in any environmental modelling framework.
KW  - global sensitivity analysis
KW  - variance
KW  - distribution
KW  - generic sampling
KW  - design
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104851
SN  - 1364-8152
SN  - 1873-6726
VL  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ciemer, Catrin
A1  - Rehm, Lars
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
A1  - Donner, Reik Volker
A1  - Winkelmann, Ricarda
A1  - Boers, Niklas
T1  - An early-warning indicator for Amazon droughts exclusively based on tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures
JF  - Environmental Research Letters
N2  - Droughts in tropical South America have an imminent and severe impact on the Amazon rainforest and affect the livelihoods of millions of people. Extremely dry conditions in Amazonia have been previously linked to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the adjacent tropical oceans. Although the sources and impacts of such droughts have been widely studied, establishing reliable multi-year lead statistical forecasts of their occurrence is still an ongoing challenge. Here, we further investigate the relationship between SST and rainfall anomalies using a complex network approach. We identify four ocean regions which exhibit the strongest overall SST correlations with central Amazon rainfall, including two particularly prominent regions in the northern and southern tropical Atlantic. Based on the time-dependent correlation between SST anomalies in these two regions alone, we establish a new early-warning method for droughts in the central Amazon basin and demonstrate its robustness in hindcasting past major drought events with lead-times up to 18 months.
KW  - complex networks
KW  - droughts
KW  - prediction
KW  - Amazon rainforest
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
PB  - IOP - Institute of Physics Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haase, Jennifer
A1  - Thim, Christof
T1  - An approach to model forgetting
JF  - AIS Transactions on Enterprise Systems
N2  - This paper aims to investigate the possibility to include aspects of forgetting into business process modeling. To date, there is no possibility to model forgotten or to-be- forgotten elements beyond the mere deletion. On a first attempt, we focus on the individual level and model knowledge transformation within a single person. Using the Knowledge Model Description Language, we propose ways to include different forms of forgetting into the realm of modeling tools. Using data from an experimental setting within an assembly line production environment, the usability of those new modeling tools is tested. So far, the applicability of modeling features for forgetting on the individual level is mostly restricted to a research context. However, clear requirements to transfer the tools onto the team- and organizational level are set out.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.30844/aistes.v4i1.17
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
PB  - Gito mbH Verlag für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Obreht, Igor
A1  - Wörmer, Lars
A1  - Brauer, Achim
A1  - Wendt, Jenny
A1  - Alfken, Susanne
A1  - De Vleeschouwer, David
A1  - Elvert, Marcus
A1  - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
T1  - An annually resolved record of Western European vegetation response to Younger Dryas cooling
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - The regional patterns and timing of the Younger Dryas cooling in the North Atlantic realm were complex and are mechanistically incompletely understood. To enhance understanding of regional climate patterns, we present molecular biomarker records at subannual to annual resolution by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of sediments from the Lake Meerfelder Maar covering the Allerod-Younger Dryas transition. These analyses are supported by conventional extraction-based molecular-isotopic analyses, which both validate the imaging results and constrain the sources of the target compounds. The targeted fatty acid biomarkers serve as a gauge of the response of the local aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem to climate change. Based on the comparison of our data with existing data from Meerfelder Maar, we analyse the short-term environmental evolution in Western Europe during the studied time interval and confirm the previously reported delayed hydrological response to Greenland cooling. However, despite a detected delay of Western European environmental change of similar to 135 years, our biomarker data show statistically significant correlation with deuterium excess in Greenland ice core at - annual resolution during this time-transgressive cooling. This suggests a coherent atmospheric forcing across the North Atlantic realm during this transition. We propose that Western European cooling was postponed due to major reorganization of the westerlies that were intermittently forcing warmer and wetter air masses from lower latitudes to Western Europe and thus resulted in delayed cooling relative to Greenland.
KW  - lateglacial
KW  - paleoclimatology
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Meerfelder Maar
KW  - high-resolution biomarkers
KW  - fatty acids
KW  - FT-ICR-MS
KW  - mass spectrometry
KW  - imaging
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106198
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 231
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seuffert, Marcel T.
A1  - Wintzheimer, Susanne
A1  - Oppmann, Maximilian
A1  - Granath, Tim
A1  - Prieschl, Johannes
A1  - Alrefai, Anas
A1  - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Klaus
A1  - Mandel, Karl
T1  - An all white magnet by combination of electronic properties of a white light emitting MOF with strong magnetic particle systems
JF  - Journal of materials chemistry : C, Materials for optical and electronic devices
N2  - A multi-component particle system was developed that combines the properties of white color, white light emission and strong magnetism on the macroscopic and microscopic scale. The system is constituted by combination of an inorganic white core with either hard or soft magnetic properties and a white light emitting MOF. The key towards this achievement is the supraparticulate character constituted by a magnetic core, of either magnetite or alpha-Fe, surrounded by titania and silica nanoparticles of a certain size in a loose structural shell-arrangement as white components and finally the white light emitting metal-organic framework (MOF) EuTb@IFP-1 as building blocks of a core-shell structure. The supraparticles are created by forced assembly of the inorganic compounds and by combining spray-drying and postsynthetic modification by solvothermal chemistry. Thereby, the gap is bridged that homogenous compounds are either strongly magnetic, white in appearance or white light emitting. The composites presented herein inherit these properties intrinsically as electronic properties. The white characteristics are based on all optical properties that enable white: light reflection, refraction, and light emission. This work shifts the paradigm that strong magnetic materials are always expected to be intrinsically dark.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03473h
SN  - 2050-7526
SN  - 2050-7534
VL  - 8
IS  - 45
SP  - 16010
EP  - 16017
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uličná, Lenka
ED  - Denz, Rebekka
ED  - Rudolf, Gabi
T1  - Amulets Found in Bohemian Genizot
BT  - a first approach
KW  - Genisa
KW  - Jüdische Studien
KW  - Geniza
KW  - Jewish Studies
KW  - Franken
KW  - Franconia
KW  - Landesgeschichte
KW  - Ländliches Judentum
KW  - Rural Jewry
KW  - regional history
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470952
SN  - 978-3-86956-470-8
SP  - 69
EP  - 80
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Othman, Abdelmageed M.
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
T1  - Amperometric biosensor based on coupling aminated laccase to functionalized carbon nanotubes for phenolics detection
JF  - International journal of biological macromolecules
N2  - A biosensor for phenolic compounds based on a chemically modified laccase from Coriolus hirsula immobilized on functionalized screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) was achieved. Different enzyme modifications and immobilization strategies were analyzed. The electrochemical response of the immobilized laccase on SPCEs modified with carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT) was the highest when laccase was aminated prior to the adsorption onto the working electrode. The developed lactase biosensor sensitivity toward different phenolic compounds was assessed to determine the biosensor response with several phenolic compounds. The highest response was obtained for ABTS with a saturation value of I-max = 27.94 mu A. The electrocatalytic efficiency (I-max/K-m(app)) was the highest for ABTS (5588 mu A mu M-1) followed by syringaldazine (3014 mu A.mu M-1). The sensors were considerably stable, whereby 99.5, 82 and 77% of the catalytic response using catechol as substrate was retained after 4, 8 and 10 successive cycles of reuse respectively, with response time average of 5 s for 12 cycles. No loss of activity was observed after 20 days of storage.
KW  - amperometry
KW  - laccase
KW  - amination
KW  - biosensor
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - phenols
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.049
SN  - 0141-8130
SN  - 1879-0003
VL  - 153
SP  - 855
EP  - 864
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Liesenjohann, Thilo
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
T1  - Among-individual differences in foraging modulate resource exploitation under perceived predation risk
JF  - Oecologia
N2  - Foraging is risky and involves balancing the benefits of resource acquisition with costs of predation. Optimal foraging theory predicts where, when and how long to forage in a given spatiotemporal distribution of risks and resources. However, significant variation in foraging behaviour and resource exploitation remain unexplained. Using single foragers in artificial landscapes of perceived risks and resources with diminishing returns, we aimed to test whether foraging behaviour and resource exploitation are adjusted to risk level, vary with risk during different components of foraging, and (co)vary among individuals. We quantified foraging behaviour and resource exploitation for 21 common voles (Microtus arvalis). By manipulating ground cover, we created simple landscapes of two food patches varying in perceived risk during feeding in a patch and/or while travelling between patches. Foraging of individuals was variable and adjusted to risk level and type. High risk during feeding reduced feeding duration and food consumption more strongly than risk while travelling. Risk during travelling modified the risk effects of feeding for changes between patches and resulting evenness of resource exploitation. Across risk conditions individuals differed consistently in when and how long they exploited resources and exposed themselves to risk. These among-individual differences in foraging behaviour were associated with consistent patterns of resource exploitation. Thus, different strategies in foraging-under-risk ultimately lead to unequal payoffs and might affect lower trophic levels in food webs. Inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour, i.e. foraging personalities, are an integral part of foraging behaviour and need to be fully integrated into optimal foraging theory.
KW  - animal personality
KW  - giving-up density
KW  - intra-specific trait variation
KW  - landscape of fear
KW  - optimal foraging
KW  - predation risk
KW  - resource
KW  - exploitation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04773-y
SN  - 0029-8549
SN  - 1432-1939
VL  - 194
IS  - 4
SP  - 621
EP  - 634
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poch, Olivier
A1  - Istiqomah, Istiqomah
A1  - Quirico, Eric
A1  - Beck, Pierre
A1  - Schmitt, Bernard
A1  - Theulé, Patrice
A1  - Faure, Alexandre
A1  - Hily-Blant, Pierre
A1  - Bonal, Lydie
A1  - Kappel, David
T1  - Ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids
JF  - Science
N2  - The measured nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in comets is lower than for the Sun, a discrepancy which could be alleviated if there is an unknown reservoir of nitrogen in comets. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko exhibits an unidentified broad spectral reflectance feature around 3.2 micrometers, which is ubiquitous across its surface. On the basis of laboratory experiments, we attribute this absorption band to ammonium salts mixed with dust on the surface. The depth of the band indicates that semivolatile ammonium salts are a substantial reservoir of nitrogen in the comet, potentially dominating over refractory organic matter and more volatile species. Similar absorption features appear in the spectra of some asteroids, implying a compositional link between asteroids, comets, and the parent interstellar cloud.
KW  - resolution infrared-spectroscopy
KW  - ice absorption features
KW  - young stellar objects
KW  - exposed water ice
KW  - MU-M
KW  - bidirectional reflectance
KW  - murchison meteorite
KW  - interstellar ice
KW  - spectra
KW  - surface
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7462
SN  - 1095-9203
SN  - 0036-8075
VL  - 367
IS  - 6483
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - AAAS, American Association for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hess, Andreas
A1  - Schmidt, Bernhard Volkmar Konrad Jakob
A1  - Schlaad, Helmut
T1  - Aminolysis induced functionalization of (RAFT) polymer-dithioester with thiols and disulfides
JF  - Polymer Chemistry
N2  - A series of polystyrene- and poly(methyl methacrylate)-dithioesters was subjected to aminolysis under ambient atmospheric conditions, i.e., in the presence of oxygen. Polymer disulfide coupling by oxidation occurred within tens of minutes and the yield of disulfide-coupled polymer increased with decreasing polymer molar mass. Oxidation of thiolates is usually an unwanted side reaction, here it is employed to obtain exclusively polymeric mixed disulfides through in situ aminolysis/functionalization in the presence of a thiol. The in situ aminolysis/functionalization in the presence of a disulfide, Ellman's reagent or polymer disulfide, resulted in the exclusive formation of polymer-dithionitrobenzoic acid, which can be further reacted with a thiol to exchange the terminal functionality, or block copolymer with dynamic disulfide linker, respectively.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0py01365j
SN  - 1759-9954
SN  - 1759-9962
VL  - 11
IS  - 48
SP  - 7677
EP  - 7684
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schumacher, Reinhard
T1  - Altering the pattern of trade in the wealth of nations
BT  - Adam Smith and the historiography of international trade theory
JF  - Journal of the history of economic thought
N2  - There are three different interpretations of Adam Smith's trade theory in modern literature: first, the neoclassical theory of absolute advantage; second, an interpretation based on increasing returns; third, an interpretation of uneven development. These interpretations come to widely different conclusions, especially considering the development of the pattern of trade in Smith's theory. I discuss how these three interpretations emerged. They do not stem from a more detailed analysis of Smith's works itself but reflect changes within international trade theory. They all result from the fact that economists have imposed nineteenth- and twentieth-century modes of thoughts on Smith's theory, forcing his writings into later-developed theoretical frameworks. In contrast to classical economists in the nineteenth century, these subsequent interpretations misrepresent Smith's trade theory in order to portray him as a forerunner of later theories. The differing interpretations can thus be explained only against the backdrop of the development of international trade theory.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1053837219000130
SN  - 1053-8372
SN  - 1469-9656
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 42
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schedlbauer, Carola
A1  - Blaue, Dominique
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Vervuert, Ingrid
T1  - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity
JF  - Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
JF  - Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde
N2  - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation.
KW  - body weight gain
KW  - equine
KW  - laminitis
KW  - retinol-binding protein 4
KW  - alpha-tocopherol
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13385
SN  - 0931-2439
SN  - 1439-0396
VL  - 104
IS  - 5
SP  - 1501
EP  - 1508
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wochatz, Monique
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Müller, Steffen
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Alterations in scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity after fatiguing shoulder flexion and extension movements
JF  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : MSSE
N2  - Repetitive overhead motions in combination with heavy loading were identified as risk factors for the development of shoulder pain. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Altered scapular kinematics as a result of muscle fatigue is suspected to be a contributor. PURPOSE: To determine scapular kinematics and scapular muscle activity at the beginning and end of constant shoulder flexion and extension loading in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: Eleven asymptomatic adults (28±4yrs; 1.74±0.13m; 74±16kg) underwent maximum isokinetic loading of shoulder flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT) in the sagittal plane (ROM: 20- 180°; concentric mode; 180°/s) until individual peak torque was reduced by 50%. Simultaneously 3D scapular kinematics were assessed with a motion capture system and scapular muscle activity with a 3-lead sEMG of upper and lower trapezius (UT, LT) and serratus anterior (SA). Scapular position angles were calculated for every 20° increment between 20-120° humerothoracic positions. Muscle activity was quantified by amplitudes (RMS) of the total ROM. Descriptive analyses (mean±SD) of kinematics and muscle activity at begin (taskB) and end (taskE) of the loading task was followed by ANOVA and paired t-tests. RESULTS: At taskB activity ranged from 589±343mV to 605±250mV during FLX and from 105±41mV to 164±73mV during EXT across muscles. At taskE activity ranged from 594±304mV to 875±276mV during FLX and from 97±33mV to 147±57mV during EXT. Differences with increased muscle activity were seen for LT and UT during FLX (meandiff= 141±113mV for LT, p<0.01; 191±153mV for UT, p<0.01). Scapula position angles continuously increased in upward rotation, posterior tilt and external rotation during FLX and reversed during EXT both at taskB and taskE. At taskE scapula showed greater external rotation (meandiff= 3.6±3.7°, p<0.05) during FLX and decreased upward rotation (meandiff= 1.9±2.3°, p<0.05) and posterior tilt (meandiff= 1.0±2.1°, p<0.05) during EXT across humeral positions. CONCLUSIONS: Force reduction in consequence of fatiguing shoulder loading results in increased scapular muscle activity and minor alterations in scapula motion. Whether even small changes have a clinical impact by creating unfavorable subacromial conditions potentially initiating pain remains unclear.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676540.02017.2c
SN  - 0195-9131
SN  - 1530-0315
VL  - 52
IS  - 17
SP  - 274
EP  - 274
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pelisoli, Ingrid
A1  - Vos, Joris
A1  - Geier, Stephan
A1  - Schaffenroth, Veronika
A1  - Baran, Andrzej S.
T1  - Alone but not lonely
BT  - observational evidence that binary interaction is always required to form hot subdwarf stars
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Hot subdwarfs are core-helium burning stars that show lower masses and higher temperatures than canonical horizontal branch stars. They are believed to be formed when a red giant suffers an extreme mass-loss episode. Binary interaction is suggested to be the main formation channel, but the high fraction of apparently single hot subdwarfs (up to 30%) has prompted single star formation scenarios to be proposed.Aims. We investigate the possibility that hot subdwarfs could form without interaction by studying wide binary systems. If single formation scenarios were possible, there should be hot subdwarfs in wide binaries that have undergone no interaction.Methods. Angular momentum accretion during interaction is predicted to cause the hot subdwarf companion to spin up to the critical velocity. The effect of this should still be observable given the timescales of the hot subdwarf phase. To study the rotation rates of companions, we have analysed light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite for all known hot subdwarfs showing composite spectral energy distributions indicating the presence of a main sequence wide binary companion. If formation without interaction were possible, that would also imply the existence of hot subdwarfs in very wide binaries that are not predicted to interact. To identify such systems, we have searched for common proper motion companions with projected orbital distances of up to 0.1 pc to all known spectroscopically confirmed hot subdwarfs using Gaia DR2 astrometry.Results. We find that the companions in composite hot subdwarfs show short rotation periods when compared to field main sequence stars. They display a triangular-shaped distribution with a peak around 2.5 days, similar to what is observed for young open clusters. We also report a shortage of hot subdwarfs with candidate common proper motion companions. We identify only 16 candidates after probing 2938 hot subdwarfs with good astrometry. Out of those, at least six seem to be hierarchical triple systems, in which the hot subdwarf is part of an inner binary.Conclusions. The observed distribution of rotation rates for the companions in known wide hot subdwarf binaries provides evidence of previous interaction causing spin-up. Additionally, there is a shortage of hot subdwarfs in common proper motion pairs, considering the frequency of such systems among progenitors. These results suggest that binary interaction is always required for the formation of hot subdwarfs.
KW  - subdwarfs
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - stars: variables: general
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038473
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 642
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olas, Justyna Jadwiga
A1  - Fichtner, Franziska
A1  - Apelt, Federico
T1  - All roads lead to growth
BT  - imaging-based and biochemical methods to measure plant growth
JF  - Journal of experimental botany
N2  - Plant growth is a highly complex biological process that involves innumerable interconnected biochemical and signalling pathways. Many different techniques have been developed to measure growth, unravel the various processes that contribute to plant growth, and understand how a complex interaction between genotype and environment determines the growth phenotype. Despite this complexity, the term 'growth' is often simplified by researchers; depending on the method used for quantification, growth is viewed as an increase in plant or organ size, a change in cell architecture, or an increase in structural biomass. In this review, we summarise the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth, highlight state-of-the-art imaging and non-imaging-based techniques to quantitatively measure growth, including a discussion of their advantages and drawbacks, and suggest a terminology for growth rates depending on the type of technique used.
KW  - biomass
KW  - growth
KW  - imaging
KW  - kinematics
KW  - morphometrics
KW  - phenomics
KW  - phenotyping
KW  - relative expansion rate of growth (RER)
KW  - relative growth
KW  - rate (RGR)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz406
SN  - 0022-0957
SN  - 1460-2431
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 21
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1  - Steckel, Jan Christoph
A1  - Edenhofer, Ottmar
T1  - All or nothing
BT  - climate policy when assets can become stranded
JF  - Journal of environmental economics and management
N2  - This paper develops a new perspective on stranded assets in climate policy using a partial equilibrium model of the energy sector. Political-economy related aspects are considered in the government's objective function. Lobbying power of firms or fiscal considerations by the government lead to time inconsistency: The government will deviate from a previously announced carbon tax which creates stranded assets. Under rational expectations, we show that a time-consistent policy outcome exists with either a zero carbon tax or a prohibitive carbon tax that leads to zero fossil investments - an "all-or-nothing" policy. Although stranded assets are crucial to such a bipolar outcome, they disappear again under time-consistent policy. Which of the two outcomes (all or nothing) prevails depends on the lobbying power of owners of fixed factors (land and fossil resources) but not on fiscal revenue considerations or on the lobbying power of renewable or fossil energy firms.
KW  - Climate policy
KW  - Optimal control
KW  - Political economy
KW  - Public finance
KW  - Credible policy
KW  - Time inconsistency
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2019.01.012
SN  - 0095-0696
SN  - 1096-0449
VL  - 100
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Izraylit, Victor
A1  - Hommes-Schattmann, Paul Jacob
A1  - Neffe, Axel T.
A1  - Gould, Oliver E. C.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Alkynyl-functionalized chain-extended PCL for coupling to biological molecules
JF  - European polymer journal
N2  - Chemical functionalization of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) enables a molecular integration of additional function. Here, we report an approach to incorporate reactive alkynyl side-groups by synthesizing a chain-extended PCL, where the reactive site is introduced through the covalently functionalizable chain extender 3 (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)propane-1,2-diol (YPD). Chain-extended PCL with M-w of 101 to 385 kg.mol(-1) were successfully synthesized in a one-pot reaction from PCL-diols with various molar masses, L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI) or trimethyl(hexamethylene)diisocyanate (TMDI), and YPD, in which the density of functionalizable groups and spacing between them can be controlled by the composition of the polymer. The employed diisocyanate compounds and YPD possess an asymmetric structure and form a non-crystallizable segment leaving the PCL crystallites to dominate the material's mechanical properties. The mixed glass transition temperature T-g = - 60 to - 46 degrees C of the PCL/polyurethane amorphous phase maintains the synthesized materials in a highly elastic state at ambient and physiological conditions. Reaction conditions for covalent attachment in copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne-cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC) in solution were optimized in a series of model reactions between the alkyne moieties of the chain-extended PCL and benzyl azide, reaching conversions over 95% of the alkyne moieties and with yields of up to 94% for the purified functionalized PCL. This methodology was applied for reaction with the azide-functionalized cell adhesion peptide GRGDS. The required modification of the peptide provides selectivity in the coupling reactions. The obtained results suggest that YPD could potentially be employed as versatile molecular unit for the creation of a variety of functionalizable polyesters as well as polyurethanes and polycarbonates offering efficient and selective click-reactions.
KW  - copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition
KW  - chain-extended
KW  - polycaprolactone
KW  - RGD-peptide
KW  - side-chains functionalization
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109908
SN  - 0014-3057
SN  - 1873-1945
VL  - 136
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seemann, Jörn
ED  - Ette, Ottmar
ED  - Knobloch, Eberhard
T1  - Alexander von Humboldt’s Search for the Casiquiare Canal
BT  - Movements, Measurements, Maps
JF  - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies
N2  - Though Humboldt’s travels to the Americas have been analyzed from a wide range of viewpoints, there are specific aspects that still await further investigation. Little is written about Humboldt in the field, specifically how he moved between different locations and simultaneously measured and mapped places and phenomena. The aim of this article is to discuss the triad movement-measure-ment-map that led to the development of specific practices of knowledge building on the move. Humboldt’s search for the connections between the watersheds of the Orinoco and the Amazon rivers and the resulting maps and drawings are used as an example to point out his cartographic impulse in his quest to understand and explain the physical world.
N2  - Obwohl Humboldts Reisen nach Amerika unter ver-schiedenen Gesichtspunkten analysiert wurden, gibt es bestimmte Aspekte, die noch weiter untersucht werden müssen. Wenig ist jedoch über Humboldt im Feld geschrieben, insbesondere darüber, wie er sich zwischen verschiedenen Orten bewegte und gleichzeitig Lokalitäten und Phänomene maß und kartierte. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Triade Bewegung-Messung-Landkarte zu diskutieren, die zur Entwicklung spezifischer Praktiken des „Wissenschaffens“ in Bewegung führte. Humboldts Suche nach den Verbindungen zwischen den Wassereinzugsgebieten des Orinoco und des Amazo-nasflusses sowie die daraus resultierenden Karten und Zeichnungen dienen als Beispiel, um seinen kartografischen Impuls bei seinem Bestreben, die physische Welt zu verstehen und zu erklären, hervorzuheben.
N2  - Aunque los viajes de Humboldt a las Américas han sido analizados desde una amplia gama de puntos de vista, hay aspectos específicos que aún esperan una mayor investigación. Poco se escribe sobre Humboldt en el campo, específicamente cómo se movió entre diferentes lugares y simultáneamente midió y cartografió lugares y fenómenos. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir la tríada movimien-to-medición-mapa que condujo al desarrollo de prácticas específicas de construcción de conocimiento en movimiento. La investigación de Humboldt de las conexiones entre las cuencas hidrográficas del Orinoco y del Amazonas y los mapas y dibujos resultantes se utiliza como un ejemplo para señalar su impulso cartográfico en su búsqueda para comprender y explicar el mundo físico.
KW  - America journey
KW  - cartography
KW  - knowledge and movement
KW  - Casquiare Canal
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-488363
SN  - 2568-3543
SN  - 1617-5239
VL  - XXI
IS  - 41
SP  - 77
EP  - 106
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ette, Ottmar
T1  - Alexander von Humboldt
BT  - life and work in motion
JF  - Offene Horizonte : Schätze zu Humboldts Reisewegen
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-933924-25-4
SP  - 20
EP  - 21
PB  - Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim
CY  - Pforzheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neufeld, Maria
A1  - Bobrova, Anastacia
A1  - Davletov, Kairat
A1  - Stelemekas, Mindaugas
A1  - Stoppel, Relika
A1  - Ferreira-Borges, Carina
A1  - Breda, Joao
A1  - Rehm, Jürgen
T1  - Alcohol control policies in Former Soviet Union countries
BT  - a narrative review of three decades of policy changes and their apparent effects
JF  - Drug and alcohol review
N2  - Issues The last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign of 1985 resulted in considerably reduced alcohol consumption and saved thousands of lives. But once the campaign's policies were abandoned and the Soviet alcohol monopoly broken up, a steep rise in mortality was observed in many of the newly formed successor countries, although some kept their monopolies. Almost 30 years after the campaign's end, the region faces diverse challenges in relation to alcohol. 
Approach The present narrative review sheds light on recent drinking trends and alcohol policy developments in the 15 Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, highlighting the most important setbacks, achievements and best practices. Vignettes of alcohol control policies in Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania and Uzbekistan are presented to illustrate the recent developments. <br /> Key Findings Over the past decade, drinking levels have declined in almost all FSU countries, paralleled by the introduction of various alcohol-control measures. The so-called three 'best buys' put forward by the World Health Organization to reduce alcohol-attributable burden (taxation and other measures to increase price, restrictions on alcohol availability and marketing) are relatively well implemented across the countries. 
Implications In recent years, evidence-based alcohol policies have been actively implemented as a response to the enormous alcohol-attributable burden in many of the countries, although there is big variance across and within different jurisdictions.
Conclusion Strong declines in alcohol consumption were observed in the 15 FSU countries, which have introduced various alcohol control measures in recent years, resulting in a reduction of alcohol consumption in the World Health Organization European region overall.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - alcohol policy
KW  - Eastern Europe
KW  - Former Soviet Union
KW  - mortality
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13204
SN  - 0959-5236
SN  - 1465-3362
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 350
EP  - 367
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garbuno-Inigo, Alfredo
A1  - Nüsken, Nikolas
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Affine invariant interacting Langevin dynamics for Bayesian inference
JF  - SIAM journal on applied dynamical systems
N2  - We propose a computational method (with acronym ALDI) for sampling from a given target distribution based on first-order (overdamped) Langevin dynamics which satisfies the property of affine invariance. The central idea of ALDI is to run an ensemble of particles with their empirical covariance serving as a preconditioner for their underlying Langevin dynamics. ALDI does not require taking the inverse or square root of the empirical covariance matrix, which enables application to high-dimensional sampling problems. The theoretical properties of ALDI are studied in terms of nondegeneracy and ergodicity. Furthermore, we study its connections to diffusion on Riemannian manifolds and Wasserstein gradient flows. Bayesian inference serves as a main application area for ALDI. In case of a forward problem with additive Gaussian measurement errors, ALDI allows for a gradient-free approximation in the spirit of the ensemble Kalman filter. A computational comparison between gradient-free and gradient-based ALDI is provided for a PDE constrained Bayesian inverse problem.
KW  - Langevin dynamics
KW  - interacting particle systems
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - gradient flow
KW  - multiplicative noise
KW  - affine invariance
KW  - gradient-free
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1137/19M1304891
SN  - 1536-0040
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 1633
EP  - 1658
PB  - Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kulahcioglu, Tugba
A1  - Melo, Gerard de
T1  - Affect-aware word clouds
JF  - ACM transactions on interactive intelligent systems
N2  - Word clouds are widely used for non-analytic purposes, such as introducing a topic to students, or creating a gift with personally meaningful text. Surveys show that users prefer tools that yield word clouds with a stronger emotional impact. Fonts and color palettes are powerful typographical signals that may determine this impact. Typically, these signals are assigned randomly, or expected to be chosen by the users. We present an affect-aware font and color palette selection methodology that aims to facilitate more informed choices. We infer associations of fonts with a set of eight affects, and evaluate the resulting data in a series of user studies both on individual words as well as in word clouds. Relying on a recent study to procure affective color palettes, we carry out a similar user study to understand the impact of color choices on word clouds. Our findings suggest that both fonts and color palettes are powerful tools contributing to the affects evoked by a word cloud. The experiments further confirm that the novel datasets we propose are successful in enabling this. We also find that, for the majority of the affects, both signals need to be congruent to create a stronger impact. Based on this data, we implement a prototype that allows users to specify a desired affect and recommends congruent fonts and color palettes for the word.
KW  - affective interfaces
KW  - word clouds
KW  - typography
KW  - color palettes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3370928
SN  - 2160-6455
SN  - 2160-6463
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timme, Sinika
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Affect and exertion during incremental physical exercise: Examining changes using automated facial action analysis and experiential self-report
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Recent research indicates that affective responses during exercise are an important determinant of future exercise and physical activity. Thus far these responses have been measured with standardized self-report scales, but this study used biometric software for automated facial action analysis to analyze the changes that occur during physical exercise. A sample of 132 young, healthy individuals performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer. During that test the participants’ faces were video-recorded and the changes were algorithmically analyzed at frame rate (30 fps). Perceived exertion and affective valence were measured every two minutes with established psychometric scales. Taking into account anticipated inter-individual variability, multilevel regression analysis was used to model how affective valence and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) covaried with movement in 20 facial action areas. We found the expected quadratic decline in self-reported affective valence (more negative) as exercise intensity increased. Repeated measures correlation showed that the facial action mouth open was linked to changes in (highly intercorrelated) affective valence and RPE. Multilevel trend analyses were calculated to investigate whether facial actions were typically linked to either affective valence or RPE. These analyses showed that mouth open and jaw drop predicted RPE, whereas (additional) nose wrinkle was indicative for the decline in affective valence. Our results contribute to the view that negative affect, escalating with increasing exercise intensity, may be the body’s essential warning signal that physiological overload is imminent. We conclude that automated facial action analysis provides new options for researchers investigating feelings during exercise. In addition, our findings offer physical educators and coaches a new way of monitoring the affective state of exercisers, without interrupting and asking them.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228739
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
CY  - San Francisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramachandran, Srikanthan
A1  - Rupakheti, Maheswar
A1  - Lawrence, Mark
T1  - Aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate decreases over South and East Asia as a result of changing content and composition
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - Aerosol emissions from human activities are extensive and changing rapidly over Asia. Model simulations and satellite observations indicate a dipole pattern in aerosol emissions and loading between South Asia and East Asia, two of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. We examine the previously unexplored diverging trends in the existing dipole pattern of aerosols between East and South Asia using the high quality, two-decade long ground-based time series of observations of aerosol properties from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), from satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)), and from model simulations (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The data cover the period since 2001 for Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia), two locations taken as being broadly representative of the respective regions. Since 2010 a dipole in aerosol optical depth (AOD) is maintained, but the trend is reversed-the decrease in AOD over Beijing (East Asia) is rapid since 2010, being 17% less in current decade compared to first decade of twenty-first century, while the AOD over South Asia increased by 12% during the same period. Furthermore, we find that the aerosol composition is also changing over time. The single scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of aerosol's absorption capacity and related to aerosol composition, is slightly higher over Beijing than Kanpur, and has increased from 0.91 in 2002 to 0.93 in 2017 over Beijing and from 0.89 to 0.92 during the same period over Kanpur, confirming that aerosols in this region have on an average become more scattering in nature. These changes have led to a notable decrease in aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate (HR) over both regions between the two decades, decreasing considerably more over East Asia (- 31%) than over South Asia (- 9%). The annual mean HR is lower now, it is still large (>= 0.6 K per day), which has significant climate implications. The seasonal trends in AOD, SSA and HR are more pronounced than their respective annual trends over both regions. The seasonal trends are caused mainly by the increase/decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions (sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon) while the natural aerosols (dust and sea salt) did not change significantly over South and East Asia during the last two decades. The MERRA-2 model is able to simulate the observed trends in AODs well but not the magnitude, while it also did not simulate the SSA values or trends well. These robust findings based on observations of key aerosol parameters and previously unrecognized diverging trends over South and East Asia need to be accounted for in current state-of-the-art climate models to ensure accurate quantification of the complex and evolving impact of aerosols on the regional climate over Asia.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76936-z
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - [London]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1  - Paciornik, Sidnei
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
T1  - Advanced deep learning-based 3D microstructural characterization of multiphase metal matrix composites
JF  - Advanced engineering materials
N2  - The quantitative analysis of microstructural features is a key to understanding the micromechanical behavior of metal matrix composites (MMCs), which is a premise for their use in practice. Herein, a 3D microstructural characterization of a five-phase MMC is performed by synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SXCT). A workflow for advanced deep learning-based segmentation of all individual phases in SXCT data is shown using a fully convolutional neural network with U-net architecture. High segmentation accuracy is achieved with a small amount of training data. This enables extracting unprecedently precise microstructural parameters (e.g., volume fractions and particle shapes) to be input, e.g., in micromechanical models.
KW  - computed tomography
KW  - convolutional neural networks
KW  - deep learning
KW  - metal
KW  - matrix composites
KW  - segmentations
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201901197
SN  - 1438-1656
SN  - 1527-2648
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Umlandt, Maren
A1  - Feldmann, David
A1  - Schneck, Emanuel
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
A1  - Bekir, Marek
T1  - Adsorption of photoresponsive surfactants at solid-liquid interfaces
JF  - Langmuir
N2  - We report on the adsorption kinetics of azoben-zene-containing surfactants on solid surfaces of different hydrophobicity. The understanding of this processes is of great importance for many interfacial phenomena that can be actuated and triggered by light, since the surfactant molecules contain a photoresponsive azobenzene group in their hydrophobic tail. Three surfactant types are studied, differing in the spacer connecting the headgroup and the azobenzene unit by between 6 and 10 CH2 groups. Under irradiation with light of a suitable wavelength, the azobenzene undergoes reversible photoisomerization between two states, a nonpolar trans-state and a highly polar cis-state. Consequently, the surfactant molecule changes its hydrophobicity and thus affinity to a surface depending on the photoisomerization state of the azobenzene. The adsorption behavior on hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (TeflonAF) surfaces is analyzed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and zeta-potential measurements. At equilibrium, the adsorbed surfactant amount is almost twice as large on glass compared to TeflonAF for both isomers. The adsorption rate for the trans-isomers on both surfaces is similar, but the desorption rate of the trans-isomers is faster at the glass-water interface than at the Teflon-water interface. This result demonstrates that the trans-isomers have higher affinity for the glass surface, so the trans-to-cis ratios on glass and TeflonAF are 80/1 and 2/1, respectively, with similar trends for all three surfactant types.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02545
SN  - 0743-7463
SN  - 1520-5827
VL  - 36
IS  - 46
SP  - 14009
EP  - 14018
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Huang, Zheng
T1  - Adolescents’ Popularity-Motivated Aggression and Prosocial Behaviors: The Roles of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Social Status Insecurity
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - As competition over peer status becomes intense during adolescence, some adolescents develop insecure feelings regarding their social standing among their peers (i.e., social status insecurity). These adolescents sometimes use aggression to defend or promote their status. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among social status insecurity, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and popularity-motivated aggression and prosocial behaviors among adolescents, while controlling for gender. Another purpose was to examine the potential moderating role of CU traits in these relationships. Participants were 1,047 (49.2% girls; Mage = 12.44 years; age range from 11 to 14 years) in the 7th or 8th grades from a large Midwestern city. They completed questionnaires on social status insecurity, CU traits, and popularity-motivated relational aggression, physical aggression, cyberaggression, and prosocial behaviors. A structural regression model was conducted, with gender as a covariate. The model had adequate fit. Social status insecurity was associated positively with callousness, unemotional, and popularity-motivated aggression and related negatively to popularity-motivated prosocial behaviors. High social status insecurity was related to greater popularity-motivated aggression when adolescents had high callousness traits. The findings have implications for understanding the individual characteristics associated with social status insecurity.
KW  - social status insecurity
KW  - callousness
KW  - unemotional
KW  - uncaring
KW  - callous-unemotional traits
KW  - aggression
KW  - cyberaggression
KW  - prosocial
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606865
SN  - 1664-1078
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Frontiers
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
T1  - Adolescents’ Cyber Victimization
BT  - The Influence of Technologies, Gender, and Gender Stereotype Traits
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender and gender stereotype traits (masculinity, femininity) in cyber victimization behaviors (cyber relational victimization, cyber verbal victimization, hacking) through different technologies (mobile phones, gaming consoles, social networking sites). There were 456 8th graders (226 females; M age = 13.66, SD = 0.41) from two midwestern middle schools in the United States included in this study. They completed questionnaires on their endorsement of masculine and feminine traits, and self-reported cyber victimization through different technologies. The findings revealed main effects of types of cyber victimization for boys and of technology for girls. In particular, boys with feminine traits experienced the most victimization by cyber verbal aggression, cyber relational aggression, and hacking when compared to the other groups of boys. Girls with feminine traits experienced the most cyber victimization through social networking sites, gaming consoles, and mobile phones in comparison to the other groups of girls. For girls with feminine traits, they reported more cyber relational victimization and cyber verbal victimization through mobile phones and social networking sites, as well as more hacking via social networking sites. Such findings underscore the importance of considering gender stereotype traits, types of victimization, and technologies when examining cyber victimization.
KW  - gender
KW  - gender stereotype trait
KW  - cyber victimization
KW  - technology
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041293
SN  - 1660-4601
SN  - 1661-7827
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smirnov, Artem G.
A1  - Kronberg, Elena A.
A1  - Daly, Patrick W.
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Shprits, Yuri
A1  - Kellerman, Adam C.
T1  - Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long-Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies
JF  - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
N2  - The Cluster mission has produced a large data set of electron flux measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere since its launch in late 2000. Electron fluxes are measured using Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector (RAPID)/Imaging Electron Spectrometer (IES) detector as a function of energy, pitch angle, spacecraft position, and time. However, no adiabatic invariants have been calculated for Cluster so far. In this paper we present a step-by-step guide to calculations of adiabatic invariants and conversion of the electron flux to phase space density (PSD) in these coordinates. The electron flux is measured in two RAPID/IES energy channels providing pitch angle distribution at energies 39.2-50.5 and 68.1-94.5 keV in nominal mode since 2004. A fitting method allows to expand the conversion of the differential fluxes to the range from 40 to 150 keV. Best data coverage for phase space density in adiabatic invariant coordinates can be obtained for values of second adiabatic invariant, K, similar to 10(2), and values of the first adiabatic invariant mu in the range approximate to 5-20 MeV/G. Furthermore, we describe the production of a new data product "LSTAR," equivalent to the third adiabatic invariant, available through the Cluster Science Archive for years 2001-2018 with 1-min resolution. The produced data set adds to the availability of observations in Earth's radiation belts region and can be used for long-term statistical purposes.
KW  - L-Asterisk
KW  - magnetosphere
KW  - electrons
KW  - model
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 125
IS  - 2
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Addition of Heteroatom Radicals to endo-Glycals
JF  - Chemistry
N2  - Radical reactions have found many applications in carbohydrate chemistry, especially in the construction of carbon–carbon bonds. The formation of carbon–heteroatom bonds has been less intensively studied. This mini-review will summarize the efforts to add heteroatom radicals to unsaturated carbohydrates like endo-glycals. Starting from early examples, developed more than 50 years ago, the importance of such reactions for carbohydrate chemistry and recent applications will be discussed. After a short introduction, the mini-review is divided in sub-chapters according to the heteroatoms halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The mechanisms of radical generation by chemical or photochemical processes and the subsequent reactions of the radicals at the 1-position will be discussed. This mini-review cannot cover all aspects of heteroatom-centered radicals in carbohydrate chemistry, but should provide an overview of the various strategies and future perspectives
KW  - radicals
KW  - carbohydrates
KW  - heteroatoms
KW  - synthesis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry2010008
SN  - 2624-8549
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 80
EP  - 92
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Kiefer, Falk
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Endrass, Tanja
A1  - Beste, Christian
A1  - Beck, Anne
A1  - Liu, Shuyan
A1  - Genauck, Alexander
A1  - Romund, Lydia
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Tost, Heike
A1  - Spanagel, Rainer
T1  - Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions
JF  - Addiction Biology
N2  - One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.
KW  - addiction
KW  - alternative rewards
KW  - animal and computational models
KW  - cognitive-behavioral control
KW  - craving and relapse
KW  - habit formation
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balk, Maria
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Actuators based on oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] with accelerated hydrolytic degradation
JF  - MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)
N2  - Polyester-based shape-memory polymer actuators are multifunctional materials providing reversible macroscopic shape shifts as well as hydrolytic degradability. Here, the function-function interdependencies (between shape shifts and degradation behaviour) will determine actuation performance and its life time. In this work, glycolide units were incorporated in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) based actuator materials in order to achieve an accelerated hydrolytic degradation and to explore the function-function relationship. Three different oligo[(epsilon-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] copolymers (OCGs) with similar molecular weights (10.5 +/- 0.5 kg center dot mol(-1)) including a glycolide content of 8, 16, and 26 mol% (ratio 1:1:1 wt%) terminated with methacrylated moieties were crosslinked. The obtained actuators provided a broad melting transition in the range from 27 to 44 degrees C. The hydrolytic degradation of programmed OCG actuators (200% of elongation) resulted in a reduction of sample mass to 51 wt% within 21 days at pH = 7.4 and 40 degrees C. Degradation results in a decrease of T-m associated to the actuating units and increasing T-m associated to the skeleton forming units. The actuation capability decreased almost linear as function of time. After 11 days of hydrolytic degradation the shape-memory functionality was lost. Accordingly, a fast degradation behaviour as required, e.g., for actuator materials intended as implant material can be realized.
KW  - actuation
KW  - shape memory
KW  - polymer
KW  - crystalline
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.447
SN  - 2059-8521
VL  - 5
IS  - 12-13
SP  - 655
EP  - 666
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, Sabine
A1  - Kolesnikov, Leonid
T1  - Activity expansions for Gibbs correlation functions
JF  - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW  - random point processes
KW  - statistical mechanics
KW  - stochastic analysis
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472121
SN  - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN  - 2199-4951
SN  - 2199-496X
IS  - 6
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gholiagha, Sassan
A1  - Holzscheiter, Anna
A1  - Liese, Andrea
T1  - Activating norm collisions
BT  - interface conflicts in international drug control
JF  - Global constitutionalism
N2  - This article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue’s interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open – which we term activation – depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts.
KW  - norm collisions
KW  - contestation
KW  - discourse
KW  - agency
KW  - international
KW  - drug control
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000388
SN  - 2045-3817
SN  - 2045-3825
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 290
EP  - 317
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Limanowski, Jakub
A1  - Lopes, Pedro
A1  - Keck, Janis
A1  - Baudisch, Patrick
A1  - Friston, Karl
A1  - Blankenburg, Felix
T1  - Action-dependent processing of touch in the human parietal operculum and posterior insula
JF  - Cerebral Cortex
N2  - Somatosensory input generated by one's actions (i.e., self-initiated body movements) is generally attenuated. Conversely, externally caused somatosensory input is enhanced, for example, during active touch and the haptic exploration of objects. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to ask how the brain accomplishes this delicate weighting of self-generated versus externally caused somatosensory components. Finger movements were either self-generated by our participants or induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the same muscles. During half of the trials, electrotactile impulses were administered when the (actively or passively) moving finger reached a predefined flexion threshold. fMRI revealed an interaction effect in the contralateral posterior insular cortex (pIC), which responded more strongly to touch during self-generated than during FES-induced movements. A network analysis via dynamic causal modeling revealed that connectivity from the secondary somatosensory cortex via the pIC to the supplementary motor area was generally attenuated during self-generated relative to FES-induced movements-yet specifically enhanced by touch received during self-generated, but not FES-induced movements. Together, these results suggest a crucial role of the parietal operculum and the posterior insula in differentiating self-generated from externally caused somatosensory information received from one's moving limb.
KW  - active touch
KW  - dynamic causal modeling
KW  - insula
KW  - parietal operculum
KW  - somatosensation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz111
SN  - 1047-3211
SN  - 1460-2199
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 607
EP  - 617
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gianelli, Claudia
A1  - Kühne, Katharina
A1  - Lo Presti, Sara
A1  - Mencaraglia, Silvia
A1  - Dalla Volta, Riccardo
T1  - Action processing in the motor system
BT  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evidence of shared mechanisms in the visual and linguistic modalities
JF  - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research
N2  - In two experiments, we compared the dynamics of corticospinal excitability when processing visually or linguistically presented tool-oriented hand actions in native speakers and sequential bilinguals. In a third experiment we used the same procedure to test non-motor, low-level stimuli, i.e. scrambled images and pseudo-words.
Stimuli were presented in sequence: pictures (tool + tool-oriented hand action or their scrambled counterpart) and words (tool noun + tool-action verb or pseudo-words). Experiment 1 presented German linguistic stimuli to native speakers, while Experiment 2 presented English stimuli to non-natives. Experiment 3 tested Italian native speakers. Single-pulse trascranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) was applied to the left motor cortex at five different timings: baseline, 200 ms after tool/noun onset, 150, 350 and 500 ms after hand/verb onset with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. 
We report strong similarities in the dynamics of corticospinal excitability across the visual and linguistic modalities. MEPs' suppression started as early as 150 ms and lasted for the duration of stimulus presentation (500 ms). Moreover, we show that this modulation is absent for stimuli with no motor content. Overall, our study supports the notion of a core, overarching system of action semantics shared by different modalities.
KW  - TMS
KW  - motor cortex
KW  - action observation
KW  - action language
KW  - motor
KW  - inhibition
KW  - motor-evoked potentials
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.105510
SN  - 0278-2626
SN  - 1090-2147
VL  - 139
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Omane, Paul Okyere
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
T1  - Acquiring syntactic variability
BT  - The production of Wh-questions in children and adults speaking Akan
JF  - Frontiers in communication
N2  - This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children’s acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis.
KW  - Akan
KW  - wh-questions
KW  - wh-in-situ
KW  - wh-ex-situ
KW  - derivational complexity
KW  - language acquisition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951
SN  - 2297-900X
VL  - 2021
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne,  Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lang, Judith
A1  - Bohn, Patrick
A1  - Bhat, Hilal
A1  - Jastrow, Holger
A1  - Walkenfort, Bernd
A1  - Cansiz, Feyza
A1  - Fink, Julian
A1  - Bauer, Michael
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Lang, Karl S.
T1  - Acid ceramidase of macrophages traps herpes simplex virus in multivesicular bodies and protects from severe disease
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Macrophages have important protective functions during infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, molecular mechanisms that restrict viral propagation and protect from severe disease are unclear. Here we show that macrophages take up HSV-1 via endocytosis and transport the virions into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). In MVBs, acid ceramidase (aCDase) converts ceramide into sphingosine and increases the formation of sphingosine-rich intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Once HSV-1 particles reach MVBs, sphingosine-rich ILVs bind to HSV-1 particles, which restricts fusion with the limiting endosomal membrane and prevents cellular infection. Lack of aCDase in macrophage cultures or in Asah1(-/-) mice results in replication of HSV-1 and Asah1(-/-) mice die soon after systemic or intravaginal inoculation. The treatment of macrophages with sphingosine enhancing compounds blocks HSV-1 propagation, suggesting a therapeutic potential of this pathway. In conclusion, aCDase loads ILVs with sphingosine, which prevents HSV-1 capsids from penetrating into the cytosol.
KW  - immunology
KW  - infection
KW  - membrane fusion
KW  - phagocytosis
KW  - sphingolipids
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15072-8
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Nature Publishing Group UK
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laux, Eva-Maria
A1  - Wenger, Christian
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
A1  - Hoelzel, Ralph
T1  - AC electrokinetic immobilization of organic dye molecules
JF  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry and Analusis
N2  - The application of inhomogeneous AC electric fields for molecular immobilization is a very fast and simple method that does not require any adaptions to the molecule's functional groups or charges. Here, the method is applied to a completely new category of molecules: small organic fluorescence dyes, whose dimensions amount to only 1 nm or even less. The presented setup and the electric field parameters used allow immobilization of dye molecules on the whole electrode surface as opposed to pure dielectrophoretic applications, where molecules are attracted only to regions of high electric field gradients, i.e., to the electrode tips and edges. In addition to dielectrophoresis and AC electrokinetic flow, molecular scale interactions and electrophoresis at short time scales are discussed as further mechanisms leading to migration and immobilization of the molecules.
KW  - AC electrokinetics
KW  - AC electrophoresis
KW  - Molecular dielectrophoresis
KW  - Interdigitated electrodes
KW  - Organic dyes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02480-4
SN  - 1618-2642
SN  - 1618-2650
VL  - 412
IS  - 16
SP  - 3859
EP  - 3870
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sajedi, Maryam
A1  - Krivenkov, Maxim
A1  - Marchenko, Dmitry
A1  - Varykhalov, Andrei
A1  - Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime
A1  - Rienks, Emile D. L.
A1  - Rader, Oliver
T1  - Absence of a giant Rashba effect in the valence band of lead halide perovskites
JF  - Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics
N2  - For hybrid organic-inorganic as well as all-inorganic lead halide perovskites a Rashba effect has been invoked to explain the high efficiency in energy conversion by prohibiting direct recombination. Both a bulk and surface Rashba effect have been predicted. In the valence band of methylammonium (MA) lead bromide a Rashba effect has been reported by angle-resolved photoemission and circular dichroism with giant values of 7-11 eV angstrom. We present band dispersion measurements of MAPbBr(3) and spin-resolved photoemission of CsPbBr3 to show that a large Rashba effect detectable by photoemission or circular dichroism does not exist and cannot be the origin of the high effciency.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.081116
SN  - 2469-9950
SN  - 2469-9969
VL  - 102
IS  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics; American Physical Society (APS)
CY  - Woodbury, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boekstegers, Felix
A1  - Marcelain, Katherine
A1  - Barahona Ponce, Carol
A1  - Baez Benavides, Pablo F.
A1  - Müller, Bettina
A1  - de Toro, Gonzalo
A1  - Retamales, Javier
A1  - Barajas, Olga
A1  - Ahumada, Monica
A1  - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
A1  - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo
T1  - ABCB1/4 gallbladder cancer risk variants identified in India also show strong effects in Chileans
JF  - Cancer Epidemiology
N2  - Background: The first large-scale genome-wide association study of gallbladder cancer (GBC) recently identified and validated three susceptibility variants in the ABCB1 and ABCB4 genes for individuals of Indian descent. We investigated whether these variants were also associated with GBC risk in Chileans, who show the highest incidence of GBC worldwide, and in Europeans with a low GBC incidence.
Methods: This population-based study analysed genotype data from retrospective Chilean case-control (255 cases, 2042 controls) and prospective European cohort (108 cases, 181 controls) samples consistently with the original publication.
Results: Our results confirmed the reported associations for Chileans with similar risk effects. Particularly strong associations (per-allele odds ratios close to 2) were observed for Chileans with high Native American (=Mapuche) ancestry. No associations were noticed for Europeans, but the statistical power was low.
Conclusion: Taking full advantage of genetic and ethnic differences in GBC risk may improve the efficiency of current prevention programs.
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - gallbladder cancer
KW  - native American ancestry
KW  - population-specific risk marker
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 65
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Durand, Virginie
A1  - Bentz, Stephan
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Dresen, Georg
A1  - Wollin, Christopher
A1  - Heidbach, Oliver
A1  - Martinez-Garzon, Patricia
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice
A1  - Nurlu, Murat
A1  - Bohnhoff, Marco
T1  - A two-scale preparation phase preceded an M-w 5.8 earthquake in the sea of marmara offshore Istanbul, Turkey
JF  - Seismological research letters
N2  - We analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity during a sequence of moderate (an M-w 4.7 foreshock and M-w 5.8 mainshock) earthquakes occurring in September 2019 at the transition between a creeping and a locked segment of the North Anatolian fault in the central Sea of Marmara, northwest Turkey. To investigate in detail the seismicity evolution, we apply a matched-filter technique to continuous waveforms, thus reducing the magnitude threshold for detection. Sequences of foreshocks preceding the two largest events are clearly seen, exhibiting two different behaviors: a long-term activation of the seismicity along the entire fault segment and a short-term concentration around the epicenters of the large events. We suggest a two-scale preparation phase, with aseismic slip preparing the mainshock final rupture a few days before, and a cascade mechanism leading to the nucleation of the mainshock. Thus, our study shows a combination of seismic and aseismic slip during the foreshock sequence changing the strength of the fault, bringing it closer to failure.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200110
SN  - 0895-0695
SN  - 1938-2057
VL  - 91
IS  - 6
SP  - 3139
EP  - 3147
CY  - Boulder
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
A1  - Schmid, Rolf
T1  - A tribute to Isao Karube (1942-2020) and his influence on sensor science
JF  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry : a merger of Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, Analusis and Quimica analitica
KW  - Karube
KW  - Japan
KW  - biosensors
KW  - lifetime achievements
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02946-5
SN  - 1618-2642
SN  - 1618-2650
VL  - 412
IS  - 28
SP  - 7709
EP  - 7711
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Wollny, Anna
A1  - Seidler, Juliana
A1  - Wochatz, Germar
T1  - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
N2  - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.
KW  - externalization
KW  - internalization
KW  - level of personality functioning
KW  - mentalization
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - schema modes
KW  - trait emotional
KW  - intelligence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12670
SN  - 0036-5564
SN  - 1467-9450
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
SP  - 227
EP  - 236
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -