TY - JOUR
A1 - Seewann, Lena
A1 - Verwiebe, Roland
A1 - Buder, Claudia
A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie
T1 - “Broadcast your gender.”
BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels
JF - Frontiers in Big Data
N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications.
KW - text based classification methods
KW - gender
KW - YouTube
KW - machine learning
KW - authorship attribution
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.908636
SN - 2624-909X
IS - 5
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Julius Lucas
T1 - ‘To grab, when the grabbing begins’
BT - German foreign and colonial policy during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 and the Triple Intervention of 1895
JF - The international history review
N2 - The Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 is usually only briefly mentioned in studies on diplomatic history. Especially the war's impact on Wilhelmine foreign and world policy (Weltpolitik) has been largely neglected. However, the events in East Asia had a profound influence on the political leadership in Berlin. The Wilhelmstrasse's attitude towards the conflict changed rapidly when the course of the war in Northeast Asia made a collapse of the Qing Empire increasingly likely. Afraid of the prospect of being left empty handed in an upcoming scramble for China, German diplomacy got active in early 1895. Driven by a hectic activism which soon should become a dominant feature of Weltpolitik, Berlin concluded an ad-hoc alliance with St. Petersburg and Paris. In April 1895, this unlikely coalition intervened against Tokyo. While the Triple Intervention served primarily Russia's interest to maintain the status quo on the Chinese mainland, Germany aimed at the acquisition of a military and commercial base in Northeast Asia. Driven by public opinion, the naval leadership and the Emperor Wilhelm II., the formerly neutral and reserved German diplomacy changed towards an aggressive and unstable imperialist policy, which ultimately resulted in the acquisition of Qingdao in November 1897.
KW - Imperial Germany
KW - diplomacy
KW - imperialism (Sino-Japanese War)
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1909101
SN - 0707-5332
SN - 1949-6540
VL - 44
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 20
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kilercik, Meltem
A1 - Ucal, Yasemin
A1 - Serdar, Muhittin
A1 - Serteser, Mustafa
A1 - Ozpinar, Aysel
A1 - Schweigert, Florian J.
T1 - Zinc protoporphyrin levels in COVID-19 are indicative of iron deficiency and potential predictor of disease severity
JF - PLoS ONE
N2 - Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a severe impact on all aspects of patient care. Among the numerous biomarkers of potential validity for diagnostic and clinical management of COVID-19 are biomarkers at the interface of iron metabolism and inflammation.
Methods
The follow-up study included 54 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with a moderate and severe/critical form of the disease. Iron deficiency specific biomarkers such as iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hepcidin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) as well as relevant markers of inflammation were evaluated twice: in the first five days when the patient was admitted to the hospital and during five to 15 days; and their validity to diagnose iron deficiency was further assessed. The regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis and determine the probability for predicting the severity of the disease in the first five days of COVID-19.
Results
Based on hemoglobin values, anemia was observed in 21 of 54 patients. Of all iron deficiency anemia-related markers, only ZnPP was significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the anemic group. When patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, slight differences in hemoglobin or other anemia-related parameters could be observed. However, the levels of ZnPP were significantly increased in the severely ill group of patients. The ratio of ZnPP to lymphocyte count (ZnPP/L) had a discrimination power stronger than the neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (N/L) to determine disease severity. Additionally, only two markers were independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 in logistic regression analysis; D-dimer (OR (5.606)(95% CI 1.019–30.867)) and ZnPP/L ratio (OR (74.313) (95% CI 1.081–5108.103)).
Conclusions
For the first time ZnPP in COVID-19 patients were reported in this study. Among all iron-related markers tested, ZnPP was the only one that was associated with anemia as based on hemoglobin. The increase in ZnPP might indicate that the underlying cause of anemia in COVID-19 patients is not only due to the inflammation but also of nutritional origin. Additionally, the ZnPP/L ratio might be a valid prognostic marker for the severity of COVID-19.
KW - COVID 19
KW - Hemoglobin
KW - Ferritin
KW - Lymphocytes
KW - Anemia
KW - Reticulocytes
KW - Iron deficiency anemia
KW - Neutrophils
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262487
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
IS - 2
PB - PLOS
CY - San Francisco, California, US
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Casel, Katrin
A1 - Fischbeck, Philipp
A1 - Friedrich, Tobias
A1 - Göbel, Andreas
A1 - Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor
T1 - Zeros and approximations of Holant polynomials on the complex plane
JF - Computational complexity : CC
N2 - We present fully polynomial time approximation schemes for a broad class of Holant problems with complex edge weights, which we call Holant polynomials. We transform these problems into partition functions of abstract combinatorial structures known as polymers in statistical physics. Our method involves establishing zero-free regions for the partition functions of polymer models and using the most significant terms of the cluster expansion to approximate them. Results of our technique include new approximation and sampling algorithms for a diverse class of Holant polynomials in the low-temperature regime (i.e. small external field) and approximation algorithms for general Holant problems with small signature weights. Additionally, we give randomised approximation and sampling algorithms with faster running times for more restrictive classes. Finally, we improve the known zero-free regions for a perfect matching polynomial.
KW - Holant problems
KW - approximate counting
KW - partition functions
KW - graph
KW - polynomials
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00037-022-00226-5
SN - 1016-3328
SN - 1420-8954
VL - 31
IS - 2
PB - Springer
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Juang, Linda P.
A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1 - Aral, Tuğçe
A1 - Pevec-Zimmer, Sharleen
T1 - Youth experiences of racism and family ethnic-racial socialization in Germany
BT - What we (don't) know
JF - Infant and child development : an international journal of research
N2 - In 1988 the youth-led movement "Schools without racism, schools with courage" was established in Belgium and quickly spread throughout Europe. German schools adopted this movement in 1995. Decades later, racism is not yet a strong developmental science research topic for studies of youth in Germany and Europe. In this commentary we argue that it should be. With increasing hate crimes and harassment, there is also a need to understand how families are socializing young people to be prepared for, cope with, resist, and disrupt racism. This type of ethnic-racial socialization affects important developmental processes-adolescent ethnic-racial identity development and intergroup and institutional understanding and relations-and requires a more prominent place of study in a migration-diverse Germany. Studying these issues in this particular sociohistorical context will also contribute to a more context-specific understanding of youth experiences of racism.
KW - adolescence
KW - family ethnic-racial socialization
KW - Germany
KW - racism
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2301
SN - 1522-7219
VL - 31
IS - 1
PB - Wiley
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sidoli, Lara
A1 - Sguera, Vito
A1 - Esposito, Paolo
A1 - Oskinova, Lida
A1 - Polletta, Maria del Carmen
T1 - XMM-Newton discovery of very high obscuration in the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient AX J1714.1-3912
JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2 - We have analysed an archival XMM-Newton EPIC observation that serendipitously covered the sky position of a variable X-ray source AX J1714.1-3912, previously suggested to be a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT). During the XMM-Newton observation the source is variable on a timescale of hundred seconds and shows two luminosity states, with a flaring activity followed by unflared emission, with a variability amplitude of a factor of about 50. We have discovered an intense iron emission line with a centroid energy of 6.4 keV in the power law-like spectrum, modified by a large absorption (N-H similar to 10(24) cm(-2)), never observed before from this source. This X-ray spectrum is unusual for an SFXT, but resembles the so-called 'highly obscured sources', high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) hosting an evolved B[e] supergiant companion (sgB[e]). This might suggest that AX J1714.1-3912 is a new member of this rare type of HMXBs, which includes IGR J16318-4848 and CI Camelopardalis. Increasing this small population of sources would be remarkable, as they represent an interesting short transition evolutionary stage in the evolution of massive binaries. Nevertheless, AX J1714.1-3912 appears to share X-ray properties of both kinds of HMXBs (SFXT versus sgB[e] HMXB). Therefore, further investigations of the companion star are needed to disentangle the two hypothesis.
KW - X-rays: binaries
KW - X-rays: individual: AX J1714.1-3912
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac691
SN - 0035-8711
SN - 1365-2966
VL - 512
IS - 2
SP - 2929
EP - 2935
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nobari, Hadi
A1 - Mahmoudzadeh Khalili, Sara
A1 - Denche Zamorano, Angel Manuel
A1 - Bowman, Thomas G.
A1 - Granacher, Urs
T1 - Workload is associated with the occurrence of non-contact injuries in professional male soccer players: A pilot study
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
N2 - Injuries in professional soccer are a significant concern for teams, and they are caused amongst others by high training load. This cohort study describes the relationship between workload parameters and the occurrence of non-contact injuries, during weeks with high and low workload in professional soccer players throughout the season. Twenty-one professional soccer players aged 28.3 ± 3.9 yrs. who competed in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League participated in this 48-week study. The external load was monitored using global positioning system (GPS, GPSPORTS Systems Pty Ltd) and the type of injury was documented daily by the team's medical staff. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated for non-contact injuries for high- and low-load weeks according to acute (AW), chronic (CW), acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), and AW variation (Δ-Acute) values. By using Poisson distribution, the interval between previous and new injuries were estimated. Overall, 12 non-contact injuries occurred during high load and 9 during low load weeks. Based on the variables ACWR and Δ-AW, there was a significantly increased risk of sustaining non-contact injuries (p < 0.05) during high-load weeks for ACWR (OR: 4.67), and Δ-AW (OR: 4.07). Finally, the expected time between injuries was significantly shorter in high load weeks for ACWR [1.25 vs. 3.33, rate ratio time (RRT)] and Δ-AW (1.33 vs. 3.45, RRT) respectively, compared to low load weeks. The risk of sustaining injuries was significantly larger during high workload weeks for ACWR, and Δ-AW compared with low workload weeks. The observed high OR in high load weeks indicate that there is a significant relationship between workload and occurrence of non-contact injuries. The predicted time to new injuries is shorter in high load weeks compared to low load weeks. Therefore, the frequency of injuries is higher during high load weeks for ACWR and Δ-AW. ACWR and Δ-AW appear to be good indicators for estimating the injury risk, and the time interval between injuries.
KW - ACWR
KW - external load
KW - football
KW - prevention
KW - performance
KW - injury risk
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925722
SN - 1664-1078
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno
A1 - Bürkner, Paul-Christian
A1 - Betancourt, Michael
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors
JF - Psychological methods
N2 - Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/.
Translational Abstract
In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
KW - Bayes factors
KW - Bayesian model comparison
KW - prior
KW - posterior
KW - simulation-based calibration
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000472
SN - 1082-989X
SN - 1939-1463
VL - 28
IS - 6
SP - 1404
EP - 1426
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Skowronski, Marika
A1 - Busching, Robert
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
T1 - Women’s exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery
BT - the role of age
JF - Psychology of popular media
N2 - Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum.
Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed.
KW - television
KW - sexualization
KW - age
KW - body image
KW - self-objectification
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000348
SN - 2160-4143
SN - 2160-4142
VL - 11
IS - 2
SP - 117
EP - 124
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yen, Ming-Hsuan
A1 - von Specht, Sebastian
A1 - Lin, Yen-Yu
A1 - Cotton, Fabrice
A1 - Ma, Kuo-Fong
T1 - Within- and between-event variabilities of strong-velocity pulses of moderate earthquakes within dense seismic arrays
JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2 - Ground motion with strong-velocity pulses can cause significant damage to buildings and structures at certain periods; hence, knowing the period and velocity amplitude of such pulses is critical for earthquake structural engineering.
However, the physical factors relating the scaling of pulse periods with magnitude are poorly understood.
In this study, we investigate moderate but damaging earthquakes (M-w 6-7) and characterize ground- motion pulses using the method of Shahi and Baker (2014) while considering the potential static-offset effects.
We confirm that the within-event variability of the pulses is large. The identified pulses in this study are mostly from strike-slip-like earthquakes. We further perform simulations using the freq uency-wavenumber algorithm to investigate the causes of the variability of the pulse periods within and between events for moderate strike-slip earthquakes.
We test the effect of fault dips, and the impact of the asperity locations and sizes. The simulations reveal that the asperity properties have a high impact on the pulse periods and amplitudes at nearby stations.
Our results emphasize the importance of asperity characteristics, in addition to earthquake magnitudes for the occurrence and properties of pulses produced by the forward directivity effect.
We finally quantify and discuss within- and between-event variabilities of pulse properties at short distances.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200376
SN - 0037-1106
SN - 1943-3573
VL - 112
IS - 1
SP - 361
EP - 380
PB - Seismological Society of America
CY - El Cerito, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voigt, Christian C.
A1 - Kaiser, Klara
A1 - Look, Samantha
A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin
A1 - Scholz, Carolin
T1 - Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime
BT - a call against ignorance and neglect
JF - Global ecology and conservation
N2 - Bats are protected by national and international legislation in European countries, yet many species, particularly migratory aerial insectivores, collide with wind turbines which counteracts conservation efforts. Within the European Union it is legally required to curtail the operation of wind turbines at periods of high bat activity, yet this is not practiced at old wind turbines. Based on data from the national carcass repository in Germany and from our own carcass searches at a wind park with three turbines west of Berlin, we evaluated the magnitude of bat casualties at old, potentially poor-sited wind turbines operating without curtailment. We report 88 documented bat carcasses collected by various searchers over the 20-year operation period of this wind park from 2001 to 2021. Common noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) and common pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) were most often found dead at these turbines. Our search campaign in August and September 2021 yielded a total of 18 carcasses. We estimated that at least 209 bats were likely killed during our field survey, yielding more than 70 casualties/wind turbine or 39 casualties/ MW in two months. Since our campaign covered only part of the migration season, we consider this value as an underestimate. The 20-year period of the wind park emphasises the substantial impact old turbines may have on bat individuals and populations when operating without curtailments. We call for reconsidering the operation procedures of old wind turbines to stop the continuous loss of bats in Germany and other countries where turbine curtailments are even less practiced than in Germany.
KW - green-green dilemma
KW - wind energy bat conflict
KW - wildlife casualties
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02149
SN - 2351-9894
VL - 37
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tetenoire, Auguste
A1 - Ehlert, Christopher
A1 - Juaristi, Joseba Iñaki
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
A1 - Alducin, Maite
T1 - Why ultrafast photoinduced CO desorption dominates over oxidation on Ru(0001)
JF - The journal of physical chemistry letters
N2 - CO oxidation on Ru(0001) is a long-standing example of a reaction that, being thermally forbidden in ultrahigh vacuum, can be activated by femtosecond laser pulses. In spite of its relevance, the precise dynamics of the photoinduced oxidation process as well as the reasons behind the dominant role of the competing CO photodesorption remain unclear. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics with electronic friction that account for the highly excited and nonequilibrated system created by the laser to investigate both reactions. Our simulations successfully reproduce the main experimental findings: the existence of photoinduced oxidation and desorption, the large desorption to oxidation branching ratio, and the changes in the O K-edge X-ray absorption spectra attributed to the initial stage of the oxidation process. Now, we are able to monitor in detail the ultrafast CO desorption and CO oxidation occurring in the highly excited system and to disentangle what causes the unexpected inertness to the otherwise energetically favored oxidation.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02327
SN - 1948-7185
VL - 13
IS - 36
SP - 8516
EP - 8521
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Süsser, Diana
A1 - Martin, Nick
A1 - Stavrakas, Vassilis
A1 - Gaschnig, Hannes
A1 - Talens-Peiró, Laura
A1 - Flamos, Alexandros
A1 - Madrid-López, Cristina
A1 - Lilliestam, Johan
T1 - Why energy models should integrate social and environmental factors
BT - assessing user needs, omission impacts, and real-word accuracy in the European Union
JF - Energy research & social science
N2 - Energy models are used to inform and support decisions within the transition to climate neutrality. In recent years, such models have been criticised for being overly techno-centred and ignoring environmental and social factors of the energy transition. Here, we explore and illustrate the impact of ignoring such factors by comparing model results to model user needs and real-world observations. We firstly identify concrete user needs for better representation of environmental and social factors in energy modelling via interviews, a survey and a workshop. Secondly, we explore and illustrate the effects of omitting non-techno-economic factors in modelling by contrasting policy-targeted scenarios with reality in four EU case study examples. We show that by neglecting environmental and social factors, models risk generating overly optimistic and potentially misleading results, for example by suggesting transition speeds far exceeding any speeds observed, or pathways facing hard-to-overcome resource constraints. As such, modelled energy transition pathways that ignore such factors may be neither desirable nor feasible from an environmental and social perspective, and scenarios may be irrelevant in practice. Finally, we discuss a sample of recent energy modelling innovations and call for continued and increased efforts for improved approaches that better represent environmental and social factors in energy modelling and increase the relevance of energy models for informing policymaking.
KW - energy modelling
KW - energy planning
KW - energy policy
KW - ecological crisis
KW - social acceptance
KW - environmental impacts
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102775
SN - 2214-6296
VL - 92
SP - 102775
EP - 102775
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Li, Jianghong
A1 - Bünning, Mareike
A1 - Kaiser, Till
A1 - Hipp, Lena
T1 - Who suffered most?
BT - parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
JF - Journal of family research
N2 - Objective:
This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
Background:
The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany.
Method:
We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Results:
Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups.
Conclusion:
Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic.
KW - COVID-19
KW - parenting stress
KW - gender inequality
KW - mental health
KW - psychological distress
KW - Germany
KW - children
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-704
SN - 2699-2337
VL - 34
IS - 1
SP - 281
EP - 309
PB - University of Bamberg Press
CY - Bamberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Christin
A1 - Hoppe, Julia Amelie
A1 - Ziemann, Niklas
T1 - Who has the future in mind?
BT - gender, time perspectives, and pro-environmental behaviour
JF - Environmental research letters
N2 - An individual's relation to time may be an important driver of pro-environmental behaviour. We studied whether young individual's gender and time-orientation are associated with pro-environmental behaviour. In a controlled laboratory environment with students in Germany, participants earned money by performing a real-effort task and were then offered the opportunity to invest their money into an environmental project that supports climate protection. Afterwards, we controlled for their time-orientation. In this consequential behavioural setting, we find that males who scored higher on future-negative orientation showed significantly more pro-environmental behaviour compared to females who scored higher on future-negative orientation and males who scored lower on future-negative orientation. Interestingly, our results are completely reversed when it comes to past-positive orientation. These findings have practical implications regarding the most appropriate way to address individuals in order to achieve more pro-environmental behaviour.
KW - gender differences
KW - incentivised choices
KW - pro-environmental behaviour
KW - time perspectives
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9296
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 17
IS - 10
PB - Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie
A1 - Liedl, Bernd
T1 - Who belongs to the middle income class in Europe?
BT - the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics in multi-level analyses for 17 European countries
JF - International journal of sociology
N2 - For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men.
KW - multi-level analysis;structure of the middle income class
KW - gender-specific occupational
KW - characteristics
KW - social stratification
KW - European comparison
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2022.2151765
SN - 0020-7659
SN - 1557-9336
VL - 53
IS - 1
SP - 59
EP - 82
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haas, Bernhard
A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1 - Allison, Hayley
A1 - Wutzig, Michael
A1 - Wang, Dedong
T1 - Which parameter controls ring current electron dynamics
JF - Frontiers in astronomy and space sciences
N2 - Predicting the electron population of Earth's ring current during geomagnetic storms still remains a challenging task.
In this work, we investigate the sensitivity of 10 keV ring current electrons to different driving processes, parameterised by the Kp index, during several moderate and intense storms.
Results are validated against measurements from the Van Allen Probes satellites. Perturbing the Kp index allows us to identify the most dominant processes for moderate and intense storms respectively.
We find that during moderate storms (Kp < 6) the drift velocities mostly control the behaviour of low energy electrons, while loss from wave-particle interactions is the most critical parameter for quantifying the evolution of intense storms (Kp > 6). Perturbations of the Kp index used to drive the boundary conditions at GEO and set the plasmapause location only show a minimal effect on simulation results over a limited L range.
It is further shown that the flux at L & SIM; 3 is more sensitive to changes in the Kp index compared to higher L shells, making it a good proxy for validating the source-loss balance of a ring current model.
KW - ring current
KW - magnetosphere
KW - electron lifetimes
KW - electrons
KW - van allen probes (RBSP)
KW - ring current model
KW - verb
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.911002
SN - 2296-987X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bürki, Audrey
A1 - Alario, F-Xavier
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - When words collide: Bayesian meta-analyses of distractor and target properties in the picture-word interference paradigm
JF - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
N2 - In the picture-word interference paradigm, participants name pictures while ignoring a written or spoken distractor word. Naming times to the pictures are slowed down by the presence of the distractor word. The present study investigates in detail the impact of distractor and target word properties on picture naming times, building on the seminal study by Miozzo and Caramazza. We report the results of several Bayesian meta-analyses based on 26 datasets. These analyses provide estimates of effect sizes and their precision for several variables and their interactions. They show the reliability of the distractor frequency effect on picture naming latencies (latencies decrease as the frequency of the distractor increases) and demonstrate for the first time the impact of distractor length, with longer naming latencies for trials with longer distractors. Moreover, distractor frequency interacts with target word frequency to predict picture naming latencies. The methodological and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
KW - Picture-word interference
KW - Bayesian meta-analysis
KW - distractor frequency
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221114644
SN - 1747-0218
SN - 1747-0226
VL - 76
IS - 6
SP - 1410
EP - 1430
PB - Sage Publications
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yesilkagit, Kutsal
A1 - Bezes, Philippe
A1 - Fleischer, Julia
T1 - What's in a name? The politics of name changes inside bureaucracy
JF - Public administration
N2 - In this article, we examine the effects of political change on name changes of units within central government ministries. We expect that changes regarding the policy position of a government will cause changes in the names of ministerial units. To this end we formulate hypotheses combining the politics of structural choice and theories of portfolio allocation to examine the effects of political changes at the cabinet level on the names of intra-ministerial units. We constructed a dataset containing more than 17,000 observations on name changes of ministerial units between 1980 and 2013 from the central governments of Germany, the Netherlands, and France. We regress a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with population averaging models for binary outcomes. Finding variations across the three political-bureaucratic systems, we overall report positive effects of governmental change and ideological positions on name changes within ministries.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12827
SN - 0033-3298
SN - 1467-9299
VL - 100
IS - 4
SP - 1091
EP - 1106
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weinstein, Theresa Julia
A1 - Ceh, Simon Majed
A1 - Meinel, Christoph
A1 - Benedek, Mathias
T1 - What's creative about sentences?
BT - a computational approach to assessing creativity in a sentence generation task
JF - Creativity Research Journal
N2 - Evaluating creativity of verbal responses or texts is a challenging task due to psychometric issues associated with subjective ratings and the peculiarities of textual data. We explore an approach to objectively assess the creativity of responses in a sentence generation task to 1) better understand what language-related aspects are valued by human raters and 2) further advance the developments toward automating creativity evaluations. Over the course of two prior studies, participants generated 989 four-word sentences based on a four-letter prompt with the instruction to be creative. We developed an algorithm that scores each sentence on eight different metrics including 1) general word infrequency, 2) word combination infrequency, 3) context-specific word uniqueness, 4) syntax uniqueness, 5) rhyme, 6) phonetic similarity, and similarity of 7) sequence spelling and 8) semantic meaning to the cue. The text metrics were then used to explain the averaged creativity ratings of eight human raters. We found six metrics to be significantly correlated with the human ratings, explaining a total of 16% of their variance. We conclude that the creative impression of sentences is partly driven by different aspects of novelty in word choice and syntax, as well as rhythm and sound, which are amenable to objective assessment.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2022.2124777
SN - 1040-0419
SN - 1532-6934
VL - 34
IS - 4
SP - 419
EP - 430
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brennecke, Julia
A1 - Ertug, Gokhan
A1 - Kovács, Balázs
A1 - Zou, Tengjian
T1 - What does homophily do?
BT - a review of the consequences of homophily
JF - Academy of Management Annals
N2 - Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As these consequences have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues and opportunities for future research at each level, and conclude with a discussion of broader future research directions, both empirical and conceptual, that apply across levels. We hope that our review will open new vistas in research on this important topic.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0230
SN - 1941-6520
SN - 1941-6067
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 38
EP - 69
PB - Erlbaum
CY - Mahwah
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Singh, Manudeo
A1 - Sinha, Rajiv
A1 - Mishra, Arjit
A1 - Babu, Suresh
T1 - Wetlandscape (dis)connectivity and fragmentation in a large wetland (Haiderpur) in west Ganga plains, India
JF - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group
N2 - Wetlands are dynamic ecosystems that require continuous monitoring and assessment of degradation status to design strategies for their sustainable management. While hydrology provides the primary functional control for the wetland ecosystem, the loss of landscape connectivity influences wetland degradation in a major way as it leads to fragmentation. This article aims to integrate hydrogeomorphic and ecological concepts for the assessment of degradation status and its causal factors for a large wetland in the western Ganga plains, India, the Haiderpur, using a wetlandscape approach. We have used a remote-sensing-based approach, which offers a powerful tool for assessing and linking cross-scale structures, functions, and controls in a wetlandscape. The Haiderpur, a Ramsar site since December 2021, is an artificial wetland located on the right bank of the Ganga River wherein the inflows are controlled by a barrage constructed on the Ganga River apart from smaller tributaries flowing in from the north. A novel aspect of this work is the integration of river dynamics and its connectivity to the wetlandscape to understand the spatiotemporal variability in the waterspread area in the wetland. In this work, we have developed an integrated wetlandscape assessment approach by evaluating wetland's geomorphic and hydrological connectivity status for the period 1993-2019 (25 years) across three different spatial scales - regional, catchment, and wetland. We have highlighted the ecological implications of connectivity and patch dynamics for developing sustainable wetland management plans.
KW - floodplain wetlands
KW - Ganga River
KW - geomorphic connectivity
KW - wetland
KW - degradation
KW - wetland hydrology
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5352
SN - 0197-9337
SN - 1096-9837
VL - 47
IS - 7
SP - 1872
EP - 1887
PB - Wiley
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Julia
A1 - Hölker, Franz
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Welcome to the dark side
BT - partial nighttime illumination affects night-and daytime foraging behavior of a small mammal
JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW - light pollution
KW - inter-individual differences
KW - animal personality
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - ALAN
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hoffmann, Julia
A1 - Hölker, Franz
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Welcome to the Dark Side
BT - Partial Nighttime Illumination Affects Night-and Daytime Foraging Behavior of a Small Mammal
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Differences in natural light conditions caused by changes in moonlight are known to affect perceived predation risk in many nocturnal prey species. As artificial light at night (ALAN) is steadily increasing in space and intensity, it has the potential to change movement and foraging behavior of many species as it might increase perceived predation risk and mask natural light cycles. We investigated if partial nighttime illumination leads to changes in foraging behavior during the night and the subsequent day in a small mammal and whether these changes are related to animal personalities. We subjected bank voles to partial nighttime illumination in a foraging landscape under laboratory conditions and in large grassland enclosures under near natural conditions. We measured giving-up density of food in illuminated and dark artificial seed patches and video recorded the movement of animals. While animals reduced number of visits to illuminated seed patches at night, they increased visits to these patches at the following day compared to dark seed patches. Overall, bold individuals had lower giving-up densities than shy individuals but this difference increased at day in formerly illuminated seed patches. Small mammals thus showed carry-over effects on daytime foraging behavior due to ALAN, i.e., nocturnal illumination has the potential to affect intra- and interspecific interactions during both night and day with possible changes in personality structure within populations and altered predator-prey dynamics.
KW - light pollution
KW - inter-individual differences
KW - animal personality
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - ALAN
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.779825
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kager, Klara
A1 - Jurczok, Anne
A1 - Bolli, Swantje
A1 - Vock, Miriam
T1 - We were thinking too much like adults
BT - Examining the development of teachers' critical and collaborative reflection in lesson study discussions
JF - Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies
N2 - This mixed-method study addresses the need for a clear conceptualization of the professional reflection element of Lesson Study (LS), a popular collaborative approach to the professional development of teachers. Grounding and re-framing LS's post-lesson discussion in a theoretical framework of critical and collaborative reflection, we analyze the transcripts of four LS groups at German primary schools, focusing on depth of reflection and teachers' trajectories through their reflective practice. The findings show that LS groups differed significantly in the depth and the trajectories of their reflection processes. We consider implications for post-lesson discussions and critical reflection as a LS core skill.
KW - Teacher learning
KW - Professional development
KW - Critical and collaborative
KW - reflection
KW - Lesson study
KW - Critical inquiry
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103683
SN - 0742-051X
SN - 1879-2480
VL - 113
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sun, Bowen
A1 - Sandberg, Oskar
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Armin, Ardalan
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
T1 - Wave optics of differential absorption spectroscopy in thick-junction organic solar cells
BT - optical artifacts and correction strategies
JF - Physical review applied / The American Physical Society
N2 - Differential absorption spectroscopy techniques serve as powerful techniques to study the excited species in organic solar cells. However, it has always been challenging to employ these techniques for characterizing thick-junction organic solar cells, especially when a reflective top contact is involved. In this work, we present a detailed and systematic study on how a combination of the presence of the interference effect and a nonuniform charge-distribution profile, severely manipulates experimental spectra and the decay dynamics. Furthermore, we provide a practical methodology to correct these optical artifacts in differential absorption spectroscopies. The results and the proposed correction method generally apply to all kinds of differential absorption spectroscopy techniques and various thin-film systems, such as organics, perovskites, kesterites, and two-dimensional materials. Notably, it is found that the shape of differential absorption spectra can be strongly distorted, starting from 150-nm active-layer thickness; this matches the thickness range of thick-junction organic solar cells and most perovskite solar cells and needs to be carefully considered in experiments. In addition, the decay dynamics of differential absorption spectra is found to be disturbed by optical artifacts under certain conditions. With the help of the proposed correction formalism, differential spectra and the decay dynamics can be characterized on the full device of thin-film solar cells in transmission mode and yield accurate and reliable results to provide design rules for further progress.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.054016
SN - 2331-7019
VL - 17
IS - 5
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Steigert, Alexander
A1 - Kojda, Sandrino Danny
A1 - Ibaceta-Jaña, Josefa Fernanda
A1 - Abou-Ras, Daniel
A1 - Gunder, René
A1 - Alktash, Nivin
A1 - Habicht, Klaus
A1 - Wagner, Markus Raphael
A1 - Klenk, Reiner
A1 - Raoux, Simone
A1 - Szyszka, Bernd
A1 - Lauermann, Iver
A1 - Muydinov, Ruslan
T1 - Water-assisted crystallization of amorphous indium zinc oxide films
JF - Materials today. Communications
N2 - Transparent conductive materials based on indium oxide remain yet irreplaceable in various optoelectronic applications. Amorphous oxides appear especially attractive for technology as they are isotropic, demonstrate relatively high electron mobility and can be processed at low temperatures. Among them is indium zinc oxide (IZO) with a large zinc content that is crucial for keeping the amorphous state but redundant for the doping. In this work we investigated water-free and water containing IZO films obtained by radio frequency sputtering. The correlation between temperature driven changes of the chemical state, the optical and electrical properties as well as the progression of crystallization was in focus. Such characterization methods as: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature dependent Hall-effect measurements and others were applied. Temperature dependent electrical properties of amorphous IZO and IZO:H2O films were found to evolve similarly. Based on our experience in In2O3:H2O (In2O3:H or IOH) we proposed an explanation for the changes observed. Water admixture was found to decrease crystallization temperature of IZO significantly from similar to 550 degrees C to similar to 280 degrees C. Herewith, the presence and concentration of water and/or hydroxyls was found to determine Zn distribution in the film. In particular, Zn enrichment was detected at the film's surface respective to the high water and/or hydroxyl amount. Raman spectra revealed a two-dimensional crystallization of w-ZnO which precedes regardless water presence an extensive In2O3 crystallization. An abrupt loss of electron mobility as a result of crystallization was attributed to the formation of ZnO interlayer on grain boundaries.
KW - IZO
KW - Thin films
KW - TCOs
KW - Crystallization
KW - Water-assisted crystallization
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103213
SN - 2352-4928
VL - 31
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Penschke, Christopher
A1 - Edler von Zander, Robert
A1 - Beqiraj, Alkit
A1 - Zehle, Anna
A1 - Jahn, Nicolas
A1 - Neumann, Rainer
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
T1 - Water on porous, nitrogen-containing layered carbon materials
BT - the performance of computational model chemistries
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies / RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry
N2 - Porous, layered materials containing sp(2)-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms, offer through their tunable properties, a versatile route towards tailormade catalysts for electrochemistry and photochemistry. A key molecule interacting with these quasi two-dimensional materials (2DM) is water, and a photo(electro)chemical key reaction catalyzed by them, is water splitting into H-2 and O-2, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as half reactions. The complexity of some C/N-based 2DM in contact with water raises special needs for their theoretical modelling, which in turn is needed for rational design of C/N-based catalysts. In this work, three classes of C/N-containing porous 2DM with varying pore sizes and C/N ratios, namely graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), C2N, and poly(heptazine imides) (PHI), are studied with various computational methods. We elucidate the performance of different models and model chemistries (the combination of electronic structure method and basis set) for water and water fragment adsorption in the low-coverage regime. Further, properties related to the photo(electro)chemical activity like electrochemical overpotentials, band gaps, and optical excitation energies are in our focus. Specifically, periodic models will be tested vs. cluster models, and density functional theory (DFT) vs. wavefunction theory (WFT). This work serves as a basis for a systematic study of trends for the photo(electro)chemical activity of C/N-containing layered materials as a function of water content, pore size and density.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00657j
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 24
SP - 14709
EP - 14726
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hein, Johannes
A1 - Murphy, Andrew
T1 - VP-nominalization and the Final-over-Final Condition
JF - Linguistic inquiry
N2 - The Final-over-Final Condition has emerged as a robust and explanatory generalization for a wide range of phenomena (Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts 2014, Sheehan et al. 2017). In this article, we argue that it also holds in another domain, nominalization. In languages that show overt nominalization of VPs, one word order is routinely unattested, namely, a head-initial VP with a suffixal nominalizer. This typological gap can be accounted for by the Final-over-Final Condition, if we allow it to hold within mixed extended projections. This view also makes correct predictions about agentive nominalizations and nominalized serial verb constructions.
KW - Final-over-Final Condition
KW - nominalization
KW - extended projections
KW - word
KW - order
KW - serial verb constructions
KW - syntax
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00407
SN - 0024-3892
SN - 1530-9150
VL - 53
IS - 2
SP - 337
EP - 370
PB - MIT Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tuttnauer, Or
A1 - Wegmann, Simone
T1 - Voting for Votes
BT - opposition parties' legislative activity and electoral outcomes
JF - American political science review
N2 - Scholars frequently expect parties to act strategically in parliament, hoping to affect their electoral fortunes. Voters assumingly assess parties by their activity and vote accordingly. However, the retrospective voting literature looks mostly at the government's outcomes, leaving the opposition understudied. We argue that, for opposition parties, legislative voting constitutes an effective vote-seeking activity as a signaling tool of their attitude toward the government. We suggest that conflictual voting behavior affects voters through two mechanisms: as a signal of opposition valence and as means of ideological differentiation from the government. We present both aggregate- and individual-level analyses, leveraging a dataset of 169 party observations from 10 democracies and linking it to the CSES survey data of 27,371 respondents. The findings provide support for the existence of both mechanisms. Parliamentary conflict on legislative votes has a general positive effect on opposition parties' electoral performance, conditional on systemic and party-specific factors.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000338
SN - 0003-0554
SN - 1537-5943
VL - 116
IS - 4
SP - 1357
EP - 1374
PB - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hecker, Pascal
A1 - Steckhan, Nico
A1 - Eyben, Florian
A1 - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang
A1 - Arnrich, Bert
T1 - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends
JF - Frontiers in Digital Health
N2 - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance.
KW - neurological disorders
KW - voice
KW - speech
KW - everyday life
KW - multiple modalities
KW - machine learning
KW - disorder recognition
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301
SN - 2673-253X
PB - Frontiers Media SA
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhang, Naimeng
A1 - Cao, Xianyong
A1 - Xu, Qinghai
A1 - Huang, Xiaozhong
A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1 - Shen, Zhongwei
A1 - Peng, Wei
A1 - Liu, Sisi
A1 - Wu, Duo
A1 - Wang, Jian
A1 - Xia, Huan
A1 - Zhang, Dongju
A1 - Chen, Fahu
T1 - Vegetation change and human-environment interactions in the Qinghai Lake Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, since the last deglaciation
JF - Catena
N2 - The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau.
KW - Quantitative vegetation reconstruction
KW - Local and regional vegetation
KW - dynamics
KW - Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic human-environment
KW - interactions
KW - Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105892
SN - 0341-8162
SN - 1872-6887
VL - 210
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Malem-Shinitski, Noa
A1 - Ojeda, Cesar
A1 - Opper, Manfred
T1 - Variational bayesian inference for nonlinear hawkes process with gaussian process self-effects
JF - Entropy
N2 - Traditionally, Hawkes processes are used to model time-continuous point processes with history dependence. Here, we propose an extended model where the self-effects are of both excitatory and inhibitory types and follow a Gaussian Process. Whereas previous work either relies on a less flexible parameterization of the model, or requires a large amount of data, our formulation allows for both a flexible model and learning when data are scarce. We continue the line of work of Bayesian inference for Hawkes processes, and derive an inference algorithm by performing inference on an aggregated sum of Gaussian Processes. Approximate Bayesian inference is achieved via data augmentation, and we describe a mean-field variational inference approach to learn the model parameters. To demonstrate the flexibility of the model we apply our methodology on data from different domains and compare it to previously reported results.
KW - Bayesian inference
KW - point process
KW - Gaussian process
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030356
SN - 1099-4300
VL - 24
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Auhagen, Christopher Patrick
A1 - Uth, Melanie
T1 - Variation of relative complementizers in Yucatecan Spanish
BT - A comparison of monolingual and bilingual speakers
JF - Languages
N2 - The starting point of this article is the occurrence of determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers like (en) que, ‘(in) that’, instead of (en) el que, ‘(in) which’, in Yucatecan Spanish (southeast Mexico). While reference grammars treat complementizers with a determiner as the standard option, previous diachronic research has shown that determiner-less complementizers actually predate relative complementizers with a determiner. Additionally, Yucatecan Spanish has been in long-standing contact with Yucatec Maya. Relative complementation in Yucatec Maya differs from that in Spanish (at least) in that the non-complex complementizer tu’ux (‘where’) is generally the only option for locative complementation. The paper explores monolingual and bilingual data from Yucatecan Spanish to discuss the question whether the determiner-less and bare que relative complementizers in our data constitute a historic remnant or a dialectal recast, possibly (but not necessarily) due to language contact. Although our pilot study may not answer these far-reaching questions, it does reveal two separate, but intertwined developments: (i) a generally increased rate of bare que relative complementation, across both monolingual speakers of Spanish and Spanish Maya bilinguals, compared to other Spanish varieties, and (ii) a preference for donde at the cost of other locative complementizer constructions in the bilingual group. Our analysis thus reveals intriguing differences between the complementizer preferences of monolingual and bilingual speakers, suggesting that different variational patterns caused by different (socio-)linguistic factors can co-develop in parallel in one and the [same] region.
KW - relative complementation
KW - variability
KW - language contact
KW - diachrony
KW - Yucatecan Spanish
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7040279
SN - 2226-471X
VL - 7
IS - 4
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kiemel, Katrin
A1 - Gurke, Marie
A1 - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1 - Havenstein, Katja
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27137-3
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kiemel, Katrin
A1 - Gurke, Marie
A1 - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia
A1 - Havenstein, Katja
A1 - Weithoff, Guntram
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Variation in heat shock protein 40 kDa relates to divergence in thermotolerance among cryptic rotifer species
JF - Scientific Reports
N2 - Genetic divergence and the frequency of hybridization are central for defining species delimitations, especially among cryptic species where morphological differences are merely absent. Rotifers are known for their high cryptic diversity and therefore are ideal model organisms to investigate such patterns. Here, we used the recently resolved Brachionus calyciflorus species complex to investigate whether previously observed between species differences in thermotolerance and gene expression are also reflected in their genomic footprint. We identified a Heat Shock Protein gene (HSP 40 kDa) which exhibits cross species pronounced sequence variation. This gene exhibits species-specific fixed sites, alleles, and sites putatively under positive selection. These sites are located in protein binding regions involved in chaperoning and may therefore reflect adaptive diversification. By comparing three genetic markers (ITS, COI, HSP 40 kDa), we revealed hybridization events between the cryptic species. The low frequency of introgressive haplotypes/alleles suggest a tight, but not fully impermeable boundary between the cryptic species.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27137-3
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Spiekermann, Sarah
A1 - Krasnova, Hanna
A1 - Hinz, Oliver
A1 - Baumann, Annika
A1 - Benlian, Alexander
A1 - Gimpel, Henner
A1 - Heimbach, Irina
A1 - Koester, Antonia
A1 - Maedche, Alexander
A1 - Niehaves, Bjoern
A1 - Risius, Marten
A1 - Trenz, Manuel
T1 - Values and ethics in information systems
BT - a state-of-the-art analysis and avenues for future research
JF - Business & information systems engineering
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00734-8
SN - 2363-7005
SN - 1867-0202
VL - 64
IS - 2
SP - 247
EP - 264
PB - Springer Gabler
CY - Wiesbaden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rezori, Roman Enzio von
A1 - Buchallik, Friederike
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions
JF - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health
N2 - Background
Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions.
Methods
A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA).
Results
EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 – 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status.
Conclusions
The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis.
KW - Measure validation
KW - Chronic conditions
KW - Resilience
KW - Coping skills and adjustment
KW - Youth
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7
SN - 1753-2000
VL - 16
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Biomed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schjeide, Brit-Maren
A1 - Schenke, Maren
A1 - Seeger, Bettina
A1 - Püschel, Gerhard
T1 - Validation of a novel double control quantitative copy number PCR method to quantify off-target transgene integration after CRISPR-induced DNA modification
JF - Methods and protocols : M&Ps
N2 - In order to improve a recently established cell-based assay to assess the potency of botulinum neurotoxin, neuroblastoma-derived SiMa cells and induced pluripotent stem-cells (iPSC) were modified to incorporate the coding sequence of a reporter luciferase into a genetic safe harbor utilizing CRISPR/Cas9. A novel method, the double-control quantitative copy number PCR (dc-qcnPCR), was developed to detect off-target integrations of donor DNA. The donor DNA insertion success rate and targeted insertion success rate were analyzed in clones of each cell type. The dc-qcnPCR reliably quantified the copy number in both cell lines. The probability of incorrect donor DNA integration was significantly increased in SiMa cells in comparison to the iPSCs. This can possibly be explained by the lower bundled relative gene expression of a number of double-strand repair genes (BRCA1, DNA2, EXO1, MCPH1, MRE11, and RAD51) in SiMa clones than in iPSC clones. The dc-qcnPCR offers an efficient and cost-effective method to detect off-target CRISPR/Cas9-induced donor DNA integrations.
KW - CRISPR editing validation
KW - copy number analyses
KW - homology-directed repair
KW - homologous recombination deficiency
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/mps5030043
SN - 2409-9279
VL - 5
IS - 3
SP - 1
EP - 14
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Behrend, Nicole
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)
JF - Body image : an international journal of research
N2 - The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
KW - BAS-2
KW - Body appreciation
KW - Positive body image
KW - Validation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020
SN - 1740-1445
SN - 1873-6807
VL - 41
SP - 216
EP - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wulff, Peter
A1 - Mientus, Lukas
A1 - Nowak, Anna
A1 - Borowski, Andreas
T1 - Utilizing a pretrained language model (BERT) to classify preservice physics teachers' written reflections
JF - International journal of artificial intelligence in education
N2 - Computer-based analysis of preservice teachers' written reflections could enable educational scholars to design personalized and scalable intervention measures to support reflective writing. Algorithms and technologies in the domain of research related to artificial intelligence have been found to be useful in many tasks related to reflective writing analytics such as classification of text segments. However, mostly shallow learning algorithms have been employed so far. This study explores to what extent deep learning approaches can improve classification performance for segments of written reflections. To do so, a pretrained language model (BERT) was utilized to classify segments of preservice physics teachers' written reflections according to elements in a reflection-supporting model. Since BERT has been found to advance performance in many tasks, it was hypothesized to enhance classification performance for written reflections as well. We also compared the performance of BERT with other deep learning architectures and examined conditions for best performance. We found that BERT outperformed the other deep learning architectures and previously reported performances with shallow learning algorithms for classification of segments of reflective writing. BERT starts to outperform the other models when trained on about 20 to 30% of the training data. Furthermore, attribution analyses for inputs yielded insights into important features for BERT's classification decisions. Our study indicates that pretrained language models such as BERT can boost performance for language-related tasks in educational contexts such as classification.
KW - Reflective writing
KW - NLP
KW - Deep learning
KW - Science education
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-022-00290-6
SN - 1560-4292
SN - 1560-4306
IS - 33
SP - 439
EP - 466
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brand, Ralf
A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz
A1 - Späth, Constantin
A1 - Timme, Sinika
T1 - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change
JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic.
Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior.
KW - meta-science
KW - exercise
KW - methods
KW - quality
KW - study designs
KW - standards
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.864468
SN - 2624-9367
VL - 4
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Frontiers
CY - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jethon, André
A1 - Reichard, Christoph
T1 - Usability and actual use of performance information in German municipal budgets
BT - the perspective of local politicians
JF - Public money & management : integrating theory and practice in public management
N2 - IMPACT German municipalities have prepared performance budgets for over 10 years. The incorporation of performance information into the budget is, however, still work in progress. Local politicians perceive the usability of non-financial information in the budget as low and do not use such information intensively for budget composition or other purposes. German municipal budgets are usually voluminous because of their highly detailed structure and the large amount of displayed performance data which rarely informs about outcomes. Such information does not meet the needs of councillors, for example in their struggles with political opponents. Some options for improving the usability of budgetary information are presented.
KW - Councillor
KW - performance budget
KW - performance information
KW - politician
KW - usability
KW - use
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2021.1966193
SN - 0954-0962
SN - 1467-9302
VL - 42
IS - 3
SP - 152
EP - 159
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Martensson, Nils
A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander
A1 - Svensson, Svante
T1 - Uppsala and Berkeley
BT - two essential laboratories in the development of modern photoelectron spectroscopy
JF - Journal of vacuum science & technology : JVST ; an AVS journal / A
N2 - The development of modern photoelectron spectroscopy is reviewed with a special focus on the importance of research at Uppsala University and at Berkeley. The influence of two pioneers, Kai Siegbahn and Dave Shirley, is underlined. Early interaction between the two centers helped to kick-start the field. Both laboratories have continued to play an important role in the field, both in terms of creating new experimental capabilities and developing the theoretical understanding of the spectroscopic processes.
KW - Electronic structure
KW - Condensed matter physics
KW - X-ray emission spectroscopy
KW - Electron spectroscopy
KW - Photoelectron spectroscopy
KW - Nuclear physics
KW - Storage rings
KW - Synchrotron radiation
KW - Gas phase
KW - Surface science
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001879
SN - 0734-2101
SN - 1520-8559
VL - 40
IS - 4
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chandran, Sunil L.
A1 - Issac, Davis
A1 - Lauri, Juho
A1 - van Leeuwen, Erik Jan
T1 - Upper bounding rainbow connection number by forest number
JF - Discrete mathematics
N2 - A path in an edge-colored graph is rainbow if no two edges of it are colored the same, and the graph is rainbow-connected if there is a rainbow path between each pair of its vertices. The minimum number of colors needed to rainbow-connect a graph G is the rainbow connection number of G, denoted by rc(G).& nbsp;A simple way to rainbow-connect a graph G is to color the edges of a spanning tree with distinct colors and then re-use any of these colors to color the remaining edges of G. This proves that rc(G) <= |V (G)|-1. We ask whether there is a stronger connection between tree-like structures and rainbow coloring than that is implied by the above trivial argument. For instance, is it possible to find an upper bound of t(G)-1 for rc(G), where t(G) is the number of vertices in the largest induced tree of G? The answer turns out to be negative, as there are counter-examples that show that even c .t(G) is not an upper bound for rc(G) for any given constant c.& nbsp;In this work we show that if we consider the forest number f(G), the number of vertices in a maximum induced forest of G, instead of t(G), then surprisingly we do get an upper bound. More specifically, we prove that rc(G) <= f(G) + 2. Our result indicates a stronger connection between rainbow connection and tree-like structures than that was suggested by the simple spanning tree based upper bound.
KW - rainbow connection
KW - forest number
KW - upper bound
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2022.112829
SN - 0012-365X
SN - 1872-681X
VL - 345
IS - 7
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Vilk, Ohad
A1 - Aghion, Erez
A1 - Avgar, Tal
A1 - Beta, Carsten
A1 - Nagel, Oliver
A1 - Sabri, Adal
A1 - Sarfati, Raphael
A1 - Schwartz, Daniel K.
A1 - Weiß, Matthias
A1 - Krapf, Diego
A1 - Nathan, Ran
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Assaf, Michael
T1 - Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion
BT - from molecules to migrating storks
JF - Physical review research / American Physical Society
N2 - Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on the measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed in processes ranging from microscopic movement of molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths of migrating birds. Using data from multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders of magnitude in length and 8 orders of magnitude in time, we employ a method to detect the individual underlying origins of anomalous diffusion and transport in the data. This method decomposes anomalous transport into three primary effects: long-range correlations (“Joseph effect”), fat-tailed probability density of increments (“Noah effect”), and nonstationarity (“Moses effect”). We show that such a decomposition of real-life data allows us to infer nontrivial behavioral predictions and to resolve open questions in the fields of single-particle tracking in living cells and movement ecology.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.033055
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 4
IS - 3
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park, MD
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seržant, Ilja A.
A1 - Moroz, George A.
T1 - Universal attractors in language evolution provide evidence for the kinds of efficiency pressures involved
JF - Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
N2 - Efficiency is central to understanding the communicative and cognitive underpinnings of language. However, efficiency management is a complex mechanism in which different efficiency effects-such as articulatory, processing and planning ease, mental accessibility, and informativity, online and offline efficiency effects-conspire to yield the coding of linguistic signs. While we do not yet exactly understand the interactional mechanism of these different effects, we argue that universal attractors are an important component of any dynamic theory of efficiency that would be aimed at predicting efficiency effects across languages. Attractors are defined as universal states around which language evolution revolves. Methodologically, we approach efficiency from a cross-linguistic perspective on the basis of a world-wide sample of 383 languages from 53 families, balancing all six macro-areas (Eurasia, North and South America, Australia, Africa, and Oceania). We explore the grammatical domain of verbal person-number subject indexes. We claim that there is an attractor state in this domain to which languages tend to develop and tend not to leave if they happen to comply with the attractor in their earlier stages of evolution. The attractor is characterized by different lengths for each person and number combination, structured along Zipf's predictions. Moreover, the attractor strongly prefers non-compositional, cumulative coding of person and number. On the basis of these and other properties of the attractor, we conclude that there are two domains in which efficiency pressures are most powerful: strive towards less processing and articulatory effort. The latter, however, is overridden by constant information flow. Strive towards lower lexicon complexity and memory costs are weaker efficiency pressures for this grammatical category due to its order of frequency.
KW - Duration
KW - Explanations
KW - Redundancy
KW - Pronouns
KW - Usage
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01072-0
SN - 2662-9992
VL - 9
IS - 1
PB - Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kühl, Tim
A1 - Fehringer, Benedict C. O. F.
A1 - Münzer, Stefan
T1 - Unifying the ability-as-compensator and ability-as-enhancer hypotheses
JF - Educational psychology review
N2 - Spatial abilities have been found to interact with the design of visualizations in educational materials in different forms: (1) spatial abilities enhanced learning with optimized visual design (ability-as-enhancer) or (2) spatial abilities compensated for suboptimal visual design (ability-as-compensator). A brief review of pertinent studies suggests that these two forms are viewed as mutually exclusive. We propose a novel unifying conceptualization. This conceptualization suggests that the ability-as enhancer interaction will be found in the low-medium range of a broad ability continuum whereas the ability-as-compensator interaction will be found in the medium-high range. The largest difference in learning outcomes between visual design variations is expected for medium ability. A corresponding analytical approach is suggested that includes nonlinear quadratic interactions. The unifying conceptualization was confirmed in an experiment with a consistent visual-spatial task. In addition, the conceptualization was investigated with a reanalysis of pooled data from four multimedia learning experiments. Consistent with the conceptualization, quadratic interactions were found, meaning that interactions depended on ability range. The largest difference between visual design variations was obtained for medium ability, as expected. It is concluded that the unifying conceptualization is a useful theoretical and methodological approach to analyze and interpret aptitude-treatment interactions that go beyond linear interactions.
KW - Aptitude-treatment-interaction
KW - Ability-as-enhancer
KW - Ability-as-compensator
KW - Spatial ability
KW - Visual design
KW - Multimedia
KW - learning
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09650-5
SN - 1040-726X
SN - 1573-336X
VL - 34
IS - 2
SP - 1063
EP - 1095
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cuperus, Pauline
A1 - de Kok, Dörte
A1 - de Aguiar, Vania
A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey
T1 - Understanding user needs for digital aphasia therapy
BT - experiences and preferences of speech and language therapists
JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal
N2 - Background:
Aphasia therapy software applications (apps) can help achieve recommendations regarding aphasia treatment intensity and duration.
However, we currently know very little about speech and language therapists' (SLTs) preferences with regards to these apps.
This may be problematic, as clinician acceptance of novel treatments and technology are a key factor for successful translation from research evidence to practice.
Aim:
This research aimed to increase our understanding of clinicians' experiences with aphasia therapy apps and their perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of aphasia apps. Furthermore, we wanted to explore the influence of some demographic factors (age, country, and SLT availability in the client's hometown) on SLTs' attitudes towards these apps.
Method & Procedures:
35 Dutch and 29 Australian SLTs completed an online survey. The survey contained 9 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Responses to the closed-ended questions were summarised through the use of descriptive statistics. The responses to the open questions were analysed and coded into recurring themes that were derived from the data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the demographic variables and the responses to the closed-ended questions.
Outcomes & results:
Participants were overwhelmingly positive about aphasia therapy apps and saw the potential for their clients to use apps independently. As facilitators of app use, participants reported accessibility and inclusion of different language modalities, while high costs, absence of a compatible device, and clients' potential computer illiteracy were listed as barriers. None of the analysed demographic factors consistently influenced differences in participants' attitudes towards aphasia therapy apps.
Conclusions:
The positive, extensive and insightful feedback from speech and language therapists is both useful and encouraging for app developers and aphasia researchers, and should facilitate the development of appropriate, high-quality therapy apps.
KW - telemedicine
KW - mobile applications
KW - user research
KW - speech and language therapy
KW - clinician feedback
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2022.2066622
SN - 0268-7038
SN - 1464-5041
VL - 37
IS - 7
SP - 1016
EP - 1038
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hagedorn, Christopher
A1 - Huegle, Johannes
A1 - Schlosser, Rainer
T1 - Understanding unforeseen production downtimes in manufacturing processes using log data-driven causal reasoning
JF - Journal of intelligent manufacturing
N2 - In discrete manufacturing, the knowledge about causal relationships makes it possible to avoid unforeseen production downtimes by identifying their root causes. Learning causal structures from real-world settings remains challenging due to high-dimensional data, a mix of discrete and continuous variables, and requirements for preprocessing log data under the causal perspective. In our work, we address these challenges proposing a process for causal reasoning based on raw machine log data from production monitoring. Within this process, we define a set of transformation rules to extract independent and identically distributed observations. Further, we incorporate a variable selection step to handle high-dimensionality and a discretization step to include continuous variables. We enrich a commonly used causal structure learning algorithm with domain-related orientation rules, which provides a basis for causal reasoning. We demonstrate the process on a real-world dataset from a globally operating precision mechanical engineering company. The dataset contains over 40 million log data entries from production monitoring of a single machine. In this context, we determine the causal structures embedded in operational processes. Further, we examine causal effects to support machine operators in avoiding unforeseen production stops, i.e., by detaining machine operators from drawing false conclusions on impacting factors of unforeseen production stops based on experience.
KW - Causal structure learning
KW - Log data
KW - Causal inference
KW - Manufacturing
KW - industry
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-022-01952-x
SN - 0956-5515
SN - 1572-8145
VL - 33
IS - 7
SP - 2027
EP - 2043
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -