TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Michael A. A1 - Schorsch, Ismar T1 - “Zunz and Steinschneider Would Be Astonished – and Reassured” BT - Two Senior Scholars of Wissenschaft Reflect on Its 200th Anniversary JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417770 SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - Juang, Linda P. T1 - “We don’t do that in Germany!” A critical race theory examination of Turkish heritage young adults’ school experiences JF - Ethnicities N2 - Turkish heritage students are underrepresented at university-track secondary schools in Germany, yet the institutional discrimination contributing to this ongoing disparity often remains unquestioned, situated within inequitable norms of belonging. Drawing on critical race theory and a risk and resilience framework, the current study investigated the interplay between institutional and interpersonal discrimination in relation to exclusionary norms enacted in university-track schools. Using thematic analysis, interviews with eight Turkish German young adults from multiple regions of Germany were analyzed, highlighting the need for culturally responsive teaching, more teacher reflexivity regarding bias, a greater focus on equity, and more direct discussions of racism and its impact. KW - Turkish German KW - secondary education KW - institutional discrimination KW - thematic analysis KW - critical race theory KW - risk and resilience Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796818788596 SN - 1468-7968 SN - 1741-2706 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 830 EP - 857 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiemann, Dirk T1 - “...saying what was previously unthinkable” BT - for an egalitarian version of populism : An Interview with Yannis Stavrakakis JF - Hard times : deutsch-englische Zeitschrift Y1 - 2018 SN - 0171-1695 SN - 2627-4264 VL - 101 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohmann, Dirk A1 - Guo, Tong A1 - Tietjen, Britta T1 - Zooming in on coarse plant functional types-simulated response of savanna vegetation composition in response to aridity and grazing JF - Theoretical ecology N2 - Precipitation and land use in terms of livestock grazing have been identified as two of the most important drivers structuring the vegetation composition of semi-arid and arid savannas. Savanna research on the impact of these drivers has widely applied the so-called plant functional type (PFT) approach, grouping the vegetation into two or three broad types (here called meta-PFTs): woody plants and grasses, which are sometimes divided into perennial and annual grasses. However, little is known about the response of functional traits within these coarse types towards water availability or livestock grazing. In this study, we extended an existing eco-hydrological savanna vegetation model to capture trait diversity within the three broad meta-PFTs to assess the effects of both grazing and mean annual precipitation (MAP) on trait composition along a gradient of both drivers. Our results show a complex pattern of trait responses to grazing and aridity. The response differs for the three meta-PFTs. From our findings, we derive that trait responses to grazing and aridity for perennial grasses are similar, as suggested by the convergence model for grazing and aridity. However, we also see that this only holds for simulations below a MAP of 500 mm. This combined with the finding that trait response differs between the three meta-PFTs leads to the conclusion that there is no single, universal trait or set of traits determining the response to grazing and aridity. We finally discuss how simulation models including trait variability within meta-PFTs are necessary to understand ecosystem responses to environmental drivers, both locally and globally and how this perspective will help to extend conceptual frameworks of other ecosystems to savanna research. KW - Traits KW - Dryland KW - Degradation KW - Shrub encroachment KW - Simulation KW - Eco-hydrological model KW - EcoHyD Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-017-0356-x SN - 1874-1738 SN - 1874-1746 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 173 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ketenoglu, Didem A1 - Spiekermann, Georg A1 - Harder, Manuel A1 - Oz, Erdinc A1 - Koz, Cevriye A1 - Yagci, Mehmet C. A1 - Yilmaz, Eda A1 - Yin, Zhong A1 - Sahle, Christoph J. A1 - Detlefs, Blanka A1 - Yavas, Hasan T1 - X-ray Raman spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions in a flow cell JF - Journal of synchrotron radiation N2 - The effects of varying LiPF6 salt concentration and the presence of lithium bis(oxalate)borate additive on the electronic structure of commonly used lithium-ion battery electrolyte solvents (ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate) have been investigated. X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy (a non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering method) was utilized together with a closed-circle flow cell. Carbon and oxygen K-edges provide characteristic information on the electronic structure of the electrolyte solutions, which are sensitive to local chemistry. Higher Li+ ion concentration in the solvent manifests itself as a blue-shift of both the pi* feature in the carbon edge and the carbonyl pi* feature in the oxygen edge. While these oxygen K-edge results agree with previous soft X-ray absorption studies on LiBF4 salt concentration in propylene carbonate, carbon K-edge spectra reveal a shift in energy, which can be explained with differing ionic conductivities of the electrolyte solutions. KW - non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering KW - lithium-ion battery electrolyte KW - C and O K-edge spectra Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577518001662 SN - 0909-0495 SN - 1600-5775 VL - 25 SP - 537 EP - 542 PB - International Union of Crystallography CY - Chester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Max T1 - X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements JF - Magmas Under Pressure : Advances in High-Pressure Experiments on Structure and Properties of Melts N2 - An overview is given on the current state of X-ray absorption measurements on silicate melts and glasses. The challenges, limitations, and achievements of analyzing X-ray absorption spectra measured in liquids to determine structural properties of major and minor elements in magmas are described, with particular focus on describing non-Gaussian pair distribution functions in highly disordered glasses and melts, measured at in situ conditions. This includes a discussion on the progress of combining experiments with data from molecular dynamics simulations. For the measurements at conditions of the deep Earth, various experimental approaches and necessities are discussed and two examples are described in more detail. Finally, the achievements and prospects are presented for measuring X-ray absorption spectra indirectly by X-ray Raman scattering. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-0-12-811274-8 SN - 978-0-12-811301-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811301-1.00006-X SP - 155 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prat, Tomas A1 - Hajny, Jakub A1 - Grunewald, Wim A1 - Vasileva, Mina A1 - Molnar, Gergely A1 - Tejos, Ricardo A1 - Schmid, Markus A1 - Sauer, Michael A1 - Friml, Jiří T1 - WRKY23 is a component of the transcriptional network mediating auxin feedback on PIN polarity JF - PLoS Genetics : a peer-reviewed, open-access journal N2 - Auxin is unique among plant hormones due to its directional transport that is mediated by the polarly distributed PIN auxin transporters at the plasma membrane. The canalization hypothesis proposes that the auxin feedback on its polar flow is a crucial, plant-specific mechanism mediating multiple self-organizing developmental processes. Here, we used the auxin effect on the PIN polar localization in Arabidopsis thaliana roots as a proxy for the auxin feedback on the PIN polarity during canalization. We performed microarray experiments to find regulators of this process that act downstream of auxin. We identified genes that were transcriptionally regulated by auxin in an AXR3/IAA17-and ARF7/ARF19-dependent manner. Besides the known components of the PIN polarity, such as PID and PIP5K kinases, a number of potential new regulators were detected, among which the WRKY23 transcription factor, which was characterized in more detail. Gain-and loss-of-function mutants confirmed a role for WRKY23 in mediating the auxin effect on the PIN polarity. Accordingly, processes requiring auxin-mediated PIN polarity rearrangements, such as vascular tissue development during leaf venation, showed a higher WRKY23 expression and required the WRKY23 activity. Our results provide initial insights into the auxin transcriptional network acting upstream of PIN polarization and, potentially, canalization-mediated plant development. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007177 SN - 1553-7404 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Wei A1 - Wang, Aiping A1 - Shu, Hua A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Yan, Ming T1 - Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading JF - Memory & cognition N2 - During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading. KW - Chinese KW - Word segmentation KW - Fixation location KW - Parafoveal KW - Color Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0797-5 SN - 0090-502X SN - 1532-5946 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 729 EP - 740 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Rowena A1 - Dery, Jeruen E. A1 - Roeser, Jens A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children JF - First language N2 - This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children’s agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults’ lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired. KW - Child language acquisition KW - sentence production KW - Tagalog acquisition KW - voice KW - word order Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723718790317 SN - 0142-7237 SN - 1740-2344 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 617 EP - 640 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauermann, Antje A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Word order in German child language and child-directed speech BT - a corpus analysis on the ordering of double objects in the German middlefield JF - Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics N2 - We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation. KW - German KW - word order KW - corpus study KW - language acquisition KW - information structure KW - referring expression Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.281 SN - 2397-1835 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press LTD CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ashastina, Kseniia A1 - Kuzmina, Svetlana A1 - Rudaya, Natalia A1 - Troeva, Elena I. A1 - Schoch, Werner H. A1 - Roemermann, Christine A1 - Reinecke, Jennifer A1 - Otte, Volker A1 - Savvinov, Grigoriy A1 - Wesche, Karsten A1 - Kienast, Frank T1 - Woodlands and steppes BT - Pleistocene vegetation in Yakutia's most continental part recorded in the Batagay permafrost sequence JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Based on fossil organism remains including plant macrofossils, charcoal, pollen, and invertebrates preserved in syngenetic deposits of the Batagay permafrost sequence in the Siberian Yana Highlands, we reconstructed the environmental history during marine isotope stages (MIS) 6 to 2. Two fossil assemblages, exceptionally rich in plant remains, allowed for a detailed description of the palaeo-vegetation during two climate extremes of the Late Pleistocene, the onset of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the last interglacial. In addition, altogether 41 assemblages were used to outline the vegetation history since the penultimate cold stage of MIS 6. Accordingly, meadow steppes analogue to modern communities of the phytosociological order Festucetalia lenensis formed the primary vegetation during the Saalian and Weichselian cold stages. Cold-resistant tundra-steppe communities (Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) as they occur above the treeline today were, in contrast to more northern locations, mostly lacking. During the last interglacial, open coniferous woodland similar to modern larch taiga was the primary vegetation at the site. Abundant charcoal indicates wildfire events during the last interglacial. Zoogenic disturbances of the local vegetation were indicated by the presence of ruderal plants, especially by abundant Urtica dioica, suggesting that the area was an interglacial refugium for large herbivores. Meadow steppes, which formed the primary vegetation during cold stages and provided potentially suitable pastures for herbivores, were a significant constituent of the plant cover in the Yana Highlands also under the full warm stage conditions of the last interglacial. Consequently, meadow steppes occurred in the Yana Highlands during the entire investigated timespan from MIS 6 to MIS 2 documenting a remarkable environmental stability. Thus, the proportion of meadow steppe vegetation merely shifted in response to the respectively prevailing climatic conditions. Their persistence indicates low precipitation and a relatively warm growing season throughout and beyond the late Pleistocene. The studied fossil record also proves that modern steppe occurrences in the Yana Highlands did not establish as late as in the Holocene but instead are relicts of a formerly continuous steppe belt extending from Central Siberia to Northeast Yakutia during the Pleistocene. The persistence of plants and invertebrates characteristic of meadow steppe vegetation in interior Yakutia throughout the late Quaternary indicates climatic continuity and documents the suitability of this region as a refugium also for other organisms of the Pleistocene mammoth steppe including the iconic large herbivores. (C)2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Palaeo-vegetation KW - Plant macrofossils KW - Invertebrates KW - Modern analogues KW - Pollen KW - Ground squirrel nest KW - Last cold stage KW - Eemian KW - Beringia Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.032 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 196 SP - 38 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sax, Benjamin E. T1 - Wissenschaft and Jewish Thought BT - Ismar Elbogen’s Early Influence on Franz Rosenzweig JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Ismar Elbogen (1874–1943) and Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) were both pioneers in Jewish thought and culture. Elbogen authored the most comprehensive study on Jewish liturgy, while Rosenzweig’s magnum opus The Star of Redemption has emerged as one of the twentieth century’s most innovative and elusive works of Jewish thought. Even though Rosenzweig is not known for his work on or appreciation for the Wissenschaft des Judentums, this article will explore this overlooked aspect of his thought by exploring the influence of Ismar Elbogen. Commentaries to Rosenzweig’s views on prayer are numerous, yet none mention the work of Elbogen. This is a problem. By comparing Elbogen’s work on Jewish liturgy with Rosenzweig’s writings on prayer in the Star, we are able to demonstrate how methods seminal to the Wissenschaft des Judentums helped articulate several of Rosenzweig’s most innovative contributions to Jewish thought. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417891 SP - 191 EP - 215 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Wird Schon Stimmen! BT - A Degree Operator Analysis of Schon JF - Journal of semantics N2 - The article puts forward a novel analysis of the German modal particle schon as a modal degree operator over propositional content. The proposed analysis offers a uniform perspective on the semantics of modal schon and its aspectual counterpart meaning ‘already’: Both particles are analyzed as denoting a degree operator, expressing a scale-based comparison over relevant alternatives. The alternatives are determined by focus in the case of aspectual schon (Krifka 2000), but are restricted to the polar alternatives p and ¬p in the case of modal schon. Semantically, modal schon introduces a presupposition to the effect that the circumstantial conversational background contains more factual evidence in favor of p than in favor of ¬p⁠, thereby making modal schon the not at-issue counterpart of the overt comparative form eher ‘rather’ (Herburger & Rubinstein 2014). The analysis incorporates basic insights from earlier analyses of modal schon in a novel way, and it also offers new insights as to the underlying workings of modality in natural language as involving propositions rather than possible worlds (Kratzer 1977, 2012). Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffy010 SN - 0167-5133 SN - 1477-4593 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 687 EP - 739 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rusak, James A. A1 - Tanentzap, Andrew J. A1 - Klug, Jennifer L. A1 - Rose, Kevin C. A1 - Hendricks, Susan P. A1 - Jennings, Eleanor A1 - Laas, Alo A1 - Pierson, Donald C. A1 - Ryder, Elizabeth A1 - Smyth, Robyn L. A1 - White, D. S. A1 - Winslow, Luke A. A1 - Adrian, Rita A1 - Arvola, Lauri A1 - de Eyto, Elvira A1 - Feuchtmayr, Heidrun A1 - Honti, Mark A1 - Istvanovics, Vera A1 - Jones, Ian D. A1 - McBride, Chris G. A1 - Schmidt, Silke Regina A1 - Seekell, David A1 - Staehr, Peter A. A1 - Guangwei, Zhu T1 - Wind and trophic status explain within and among-lake variability of algal biomass JF - Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography N2 - Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10093 SN - 2378-2242 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 409 EP - 418 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mrochen, Daniel M. A1 - Schulz, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Stefan A1 - Jeske, Kathrin A1 - El Gohary, Heba A1 - Reil, Daniela A1 - Imholt, Christian A1 - Truebe, Patricia A1 - Suchomel, Josef A1 - Tricaud, Emilie A1 - Jacob, Jens A1 - Heroldova, Marta A1 - Bröker, Barbara M. A1 - Strommenger, Birgit A1 - Walther, Birgit A1 - Ulrich, Rainer G. A1 - Holtfreter, Silva T1 - Wild rodents and shrews are natural hosts of Staphylococcus aureus JF - International Journal of Medical Microbiology N2 - Laboratory mice are the most commonly used animal model for Staphylococcus aureus infection studies. We have previously shown that laboratory mice from global vendors are frequently colonized with S. aureus. Laboratory mice originate from wild house mice. Hence, we investigated whether wild rodents, including house mice, as well as shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus and whether S. aureus adapts to the wild animal host. 295 animals of ten different species were caught in different locations over four years (2012-2015) in Germany, France and the Czech Republic. 45 animals were positive for S. aureus (15.3%). Three animals were co-colonized with two different isolates, resulting in 48 S. aureus isolates in total. Positive animals were found in Germany and the Czech Republic in each studied year. The S. aureus isolates belonged to ten different spa types, which grouped into six lineages (clonal complex (CC) 49, CC88, CC130, CC1956, sequence type (ST) 890, ST3033). CC49 isolates were most abundant (17/48, 35.4%), followed by CC1956 (14/48, 29.2%) and ST890 (9/48, 18.8%). The wild animal isolates lacked certain properties that are common among human isolates, e.g., a phage-encoded immune evasion cluster, superantigen genes on mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes, which suggests long-term adaptation to the wild animal host. One CC130 isolate contained the mecC gene, implying wild rodents might be both reservoir and vector for methicillin-resistant. In conclusion, we demonstrated that wild rodents and shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus, and that those S. aureus isolates show signs of host adaptation. KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Colonization KW - Wild mice KW - Host adaptation KW - Immune evasion cluster KW - mecC Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.014 SN - 1438-4221 SN - 1618-0607 VL - 308 IS - 6 SP - 590 EP - 597 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsuprykov, Oleg A1 - Chen, Xin A1 - Hocher, Carl-Friedrich A1 - Skoblo, Roman A1 - Yin, Lianghong A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Why should we measure free 25(OH) vitamin D? JF - The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology N2 - Vitamin D, either in its D-2 or D-3 form, is essential for normal human development during intrauterine life, kidney function and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to cancer development and some auto immune diseases. Given this huge impact of vitamin Don human health, it is important for daily clinical practice and clinical research to have reliable tools to judge on the vitamin D status. The major circulating form of vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), although it is not the most active metabolite, the concentrations of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the serum are currently routinely used in clinical practice to assess vitamin D status. In the circulation, vitamin D - like other steroid hormones - is bound tightly to a special carrier - vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Smaller amounts are bound to blood proteins - albumin and lipoproteins. Only very tiny amounts of the total vitamin D are free and potentially biologically active. Currently used vitamin D assays do not distinguish between the three forms of vitamin D - DBP-bound vitamin D, albumin-bound vitamin D and free, biologically active vitamin D. Diseases or conditions that affect the synthesis of DBP or albumin thus have a huge impact on the amount of circulating total vitamin D. DBP and albumin are synthesized in the liver, hence all patients with an impairment of liver function have alterations in their total vitamin D blood concentrations, while free vitamin D levels remain mostly constant. Sex steroids, in particular estrogens, stimulate the synthesis of DBP. This explains why total vitamin D concentrations are higher during pregnancy as compared to nonpregnant women, while the concentrations of free vitamin D remain similar in both groups of women. The vitamin D-DBP as well as vitamin D-albumin complexes are filtered through the glomeruli and re-uptaken by megalin in the proximal tubule. Therefore, all acute and chronic kidney diseases that are characterized by a tubular damage, are associated with a loss of vitamin D-DBP complexes in the urine. Finally, the gene encoding DBP protein is highly polymorphic in different human racial groups. In the current review, we will discuss how liver function, estrogens, kidney function and the genetic background might influence total circulating vitamin D levels and will discuss what vitamin D metabolite is more appropriate to measure under these conditions: free vitamin D or total vitamin D. KW - 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D KW - Bioavailable vitamin D KW - Calculated free 25(OH) vitamin D KW - Free 25(OH) vitamin D KW - Free vitamin D KW - Directly measured free vitamin D KW - Genetic polymorphism KW - Total 25(OH) vitamin D KW - Vitamin D-binding protein Y1 - 2107 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.014 SN - 0960-0760 VL - 180 SP - 87 EP - 104 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Why Numbers Are Embodied Concepts JF - Frontiers in Psychology KW - arithmetic KW - numerical cognition KW - number concepts KW - embodied cognition KW - philosophy of science Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02347 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baushev, Anton N. A1 - Barkov, M. V. T1 - Why does Einasto profile index n similar to 6 occur so frequently? JF - Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics N2 - We consider the behavior of spherically symmetric Einasto halos composed of gravitating particles in the Fokker-Planck approximation. This approach allows us to consider the undesirable influence of close encounters in the N-body simulations more adequately than the generally accepted criteria. The Einasto profile with index n approximate to 6 is a stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation in the halo center. There are some reasons to believe that the solution is an attractor. Then the Fokker-Planck diffusion tends to transform a density profile to the equilibrium one with the Einasto index n approximate to 6. We suggest this effect as a possible reason why the Einasto index n approximate to 6 occurs so frequently in the interpretation of N-body simulation results. The results obtained cast doubt on generally accepted criteria of N-body simulation convergence. KW - dark matter theory KW - dwarfs galaxies KW - galaxy evolution KW - rotation curves of galaxies Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/03/034 SN - 1475-7516 IS - 3 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paycha, Sylvie T1 - When the market wins over research and higher education JF - Sustainable Futures for Higher Education : the Making of Knowledge Makers N2 - In this chapter, an overview of systematic eradication of basic science foci in European universities in the last two decades is given. This happens under the slogan of optimisation of the university education to the needs and demands of the society. It is pointed out that reliance on “market demands” brings with it long-term deficiencies in the maintenance of basic and advanced knowledge construction in societies necessary for long-term future technological advances. University policies that claim improvement of higher education towards more immediate efficiency may end up with the opposite effect of affecting its quality and long term expected positive impact on society. Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-96035-7 SN - 978-3-319-96034-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96035-7_2 SN - 2364-6799 VL - 7 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urbach, Tina A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - When proactivity produces a power struggle BT - how supervisors’ power motivation affects their support for employees’ promotive voice JF - European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology N2 - Previous research informs us about facilitators of employees’ promotive voice. Yet little is known about what determines whether a specific idea for constructive change brought up by an employee will be approved or rejected by a supervisor. Drawing on interactionist theories of motivation and personality, we propose that a supervisor will be least likely to support an idea when it threatens the supervisor’s power motive, and when it is perceived to serve the employee’s own striving for power. The prosocial versus egoistic intentions attributed to the idea presenter are proposed to mediate the latter effect. We conducted three scenario-based studies in which supervisors evaluated fictitious ideas voiced by employees that – if implemented – would have power-related consequences for them as a supervisor. Results show that the higher a supervisors’ explicit power motive was, the less likely they were to support a power-threatening idea (Study 1, N = 60). Moreover, idea support was less likely when this idea was proposed by an employee that was described as high (rather than low) on power motivation (Study 2, N = 79); attributed prosocial intentions mediated this effect. Study 3 (N = 260) replicates these results. KW - Promotive voice KW - idea support KW - power motive KW - supervisor support KW - proactivity Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1435528 SN - 1359-432X SN - 1464-0643 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 280 EP - 295 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krauskopf, Karsten A1 - Forssell, Karin T1 - When knowing is believing BT - a multi-trait analysis of self-reported TPCK JF - Journal of Computer Assisted Learning N2 - In an effort to understand teachers' technology use, recent scholarship has explored the idea of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK or TPACK). Many studies have used self-reports to measure this knowledge (SR TPCK). Several studies have examined the construct validity of these assessments by analysing the internal relationships of the knowledge domains, but little attention has been paid to how SR TPCK relates to external criteria. We tackled this question of discriminant validity by reanalysing 2 data sets. We used correlation and multiple regression analyses to explore whether conceptually related constructs explain any variance in participants' SR TPCK. In Study 1, we applied this strategy to German pre-service teachers using technology use, attitudinal variables, and objective measures of teachers' knowledge of technology and pedagogy as external criteria. In Study 2, we examined measures of technology knowledge, experience, and pro-technology beliefs for in-service teachers in the United States. Across both studies, a sizeable amount of the variance in SR TPCK is explained by teachers' prior technology use and pro-technology attitudes. In contrast, fact-based tests of technology and pedagogy are distinct from SR TPCK. We discuss implications for these findings and argue that researchers should gather complementary measures in concert. KW - construct validity KW - education technologies KW - teacher learning KW - self-report KW - teacher beliefs KW - technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK KW - TPCK) Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12253 SN - 0266-4909 SN - 1365-2729 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 482 EP - 491 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arantzeta, Miren A1 - Webster, Janet A1 - Laka, Itziar A1 - Martinez-Zabaleta, Maite A1 - Howard, David T1 - What happens when they think they are right? BT - Error awareness analysis of sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: Comprehension of non-canonical sentences is frequently characterised by chance level performance in people with aphasia (PWA). Chance level performance has been interpreted as guessing, but online data does not support this rendering. It is still not clear whether the incorrect sentence processing is guided by the compensatory strategies that PWA might employ to overcome linguistic difficulties.Aims: We aim to study to what extent people with non-fluent aphasia are aware of their sentence comprehension deficits.Methods & Procedures: This study combined offline and online data to investigate the effect of word order and error-awareness on sentence comprehension in a group of PWA and non-brain damaged (NBD) participants. The offline tasks involved auditory sentence picture-matching immediately followed by a confidence rating (CR). Participants were asked to judge the perceived correctness of their previous answer. Online data consisted of eye-tracking.Outcomes & Results: Replicating previous findings, PWA had significantly worse comprehension of Theme-Agent order compared to Agent-Theme order sentences. Controls showed ceiling level sentence comprehension. CR was a poor predictor of response accuracy in PWA, but moderate-good in NBD. A total of 6.8% of judgements were classified as guessing by PWA. Post hoc gaze data analysis indicated that CR was a predictor of the fixation pattern during the presentation of the linguistic stimuli.Conclusions: Results suggest that PWA were mostly unaware of their sentence comprehension errors and did not consciously employ strategies to compensate for their difficulties. KW - Aphasia KW - sentence comprehension KW - error awareness KW - eye-tracking KW - anosognosia Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2017.1423270 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 32 IS - 12 SP - 1418 EP - 1444 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jasniak, Michael A1 - Ermakova, Tatiana A1 - Baierl, Ronny A1 - Halberstadt, Jantje T1 - What drives social entrepreneurial appraisal among hearing-impaired individuals? JF - International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing N2 - Involvement of disadvantaged individuals into entrepreneurship facilitates their social integration into mainstream societies. The present study addresses the drivers of social entrepreneurial appraisal among hearing-impaired individuals within a unique social minority environment. In prior research, social appraisal was empirically shown to determine social entrepreneurial intention. Adopting the theory of planned behaviour, this study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, general social support and perceived barriers on social entrepreneurial appraisal. Based on a survey with 221 respondents, our results demonstrate that social entrepreneurial appraisal of hearing-impaired individuals result from their entrepreneurial self-efficacy and general social support. In terms of taking advantage of social opportunities, importance should be given to the role of entrepreneurial education and heterogeneous networks across minorities. KW - social entrepreneurial appraisal KW - social entrepreneurship KW - social minority entrepreneurship KW - hearing-impaired individuals KW - disabled minority sample Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2018.092734 SN - 1742-5360 SN - 1742-5379 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 236 EP - 255 PB - Inderscience Enterprises Ltd CY - Geneva ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Brosinsky, Arlena A1 - Foerster, Saskia A1 - Lopez-Tarazon, José Andrés A1 - Sommerer, Erik A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - What Did Really Improve Our Mesoscale Hydrological Model? BT - a Multidimensional Analysis Based on Real Observations JF - Water resources research N2 - Modelers can improve a model by addressing the causes for the model errors (data errors and structural errors). This leads to implementing model enhancements (MEs), for example, meteorological data based on more monitoring stations, improved calibration data, and/or modifications in process formulations. However, deciding on which MEs to implement remains a matter of expert knowledge. After implementing multiple MEs, any improvement in model performance is not easily attributed, especially when considering different objectives or aspects of this improvement (e.g., better dynamics vs. reduced bias). We present an approach for comparing the effect of multiple MEs based on real observations and considering multiple objectives (MMEMO). A stepwise selection approach and structured plots help to address the multidimensionality of the problem. Tailored analyses allow a differentiated view on the effect of MEs and their interactions. MMEMO is applied to a case study employing the mesoscale hydro-sedimentological model WASA-SED for the Mediterranean-mountainous Isabena catchment, northeast Spain. The investigated seven MEs show diverse effects: some MEs (e.g., rainfall data) cause improvements for most objectives, while other MEs (e.g., land use data) only affect a few objectives or even decrease model performance. Interaction of MEs was observed for roughly half of the MEs, confirming the need to address them in the analysis. Calibration and increasing the temporal resolution showed by far stronger impact than any of the other MEs. The proposed framework can be adopted in other studies to analyze the effect of MEs and, thus, facilitate the identification and implementation of the most promising MEs for comparable cases. KW - modeling KW - sensitivity analyses KW - model enhancement KW - sediment Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022813 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 54 IS - 11 SP - 8594 EP - 8612 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duy, Nguyen Le A1 - Heidbüchel, Ingo A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Merz, Bruno A1 - Apel, Heiko T1 - What controls the stable isotope composition of precipitation in the Mekong Delta? BT - a model-based statistical approach JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - This study analyzes the influence of local and regional climatic factors on the stable isotopic composition of rainfall in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) as part of the Asian monsoon region. It is based on 1.5 years of weekly rainfall samples. In the first step, the isotopic composition of the samples is analyzed by local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) and single-factor linear correlations. Additionally, the contribution of several regional and local factors is quantified by multiple linear regression (MLR) of all possible factor combinations and by relative importance analysis. This approach is novel for the interpretation of isotopic records and enables an objective quantification of the explained variance in isotopic records for individual factors. In this study, the local factors are extracted from local climate records, while the regional factors are derived from atmospheric backward trajectories of water particles. The regional factors, i.e., precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and the length of backward trajectories, are combined with equivalent local climatic parameters to explain the response variables delta O-18, delta H-2, and d-excess of precipitation at the station of measurement. The results indicate that (i) MLR can better explain the isotopic variation in precipitation (R-2 = 0.8) compared to single-factor linear regression (R-2 = 0.3); (ii) the isotopic variation in precipitation is controlled dominantly by regional moisture regimes (similar to 70 %) compared to local climatic conditions (similar to 30 %); (iii) the most important climatic parameter during the rainy season is the precipitation amount along the trajectories of air mass movement; (iv) the influence of local precipitation amount and temperature is not sig-nificant during the rainy season, unlike the regional precipitation amount effect; (v) secondary fractionation processes (e.g., sub-cloud evaporation) can be identified through the d-excess and take place mainly in the dry season, either locally for delta O-18 and delta H-2, or along the air mass trajectories for d-excess. The analysis shows that regional and local factors vary in importance over the seasons and that the source regions and transport pathways, and particularly the climatic conditions along the pathways, have a large influence on the isotopic composition of rainfall. Although the general results have been reported qualitatively in previous studies (proving the validity of the approach), the proposed method provides quantitative estimates of the controlling factors, both for the whole data set and for distinct seasons. Therefore, it is argued that the approach constitutes an advancement in the statistical analysis of isotopic records in rainfall that can supplement or precede more complex studies utilizing atmospheric models. Due to its relative simplicity, the method can be easily transferred to other regions, or extended with other factors. The results illustrate that the interpretation of the isotopic composition of precipitation as a recorder of local climatic conditions, as for example performed for paleorecords of water isotopes, may not be adequate in the southern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, and likely neither in other regions affected by monsoon processes. However, the presented approach could open a pathway towards better and seasonally differentiated reconstruction of paleoclimates based on isotopic records. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1239-2018 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 1239 EP - 1262 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münch, Thomas A1 - Laepple, Thomas T1 - What climate signal is contained in decadal- to centennial-scale isotope variations from Antarctic ice cores? JF - Climate of the past : CP N2 - Ice-core-based records of isotopic composition are a proxy for past temperatures and can thus provide information on polar climate variability over a large range of timescales. However, individual isotope records are affected by a multitude of processes that may mask the true temperature variability. The relative magnitude of climate and non-climate contributions is expected to vary as a function of timescale, and thus it is crucial to determine those temporal scales on which the actual signal dominates the noise. At present, there are no reliable estimates of this timescale dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we present a simple method that applies spectral analyses to stable-isotope data from multiple cores to estimate the SNR, and the signal and noise variability, as a function of timescale. The method builds on separating the contributions from a common signal and from local variations and includes a correction for the effects of diffusion and time uncertainty. We apply our approach to firn-core arrays from Dronning Maud Land (DML) in East Antarctica and from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). For DML and decadal to multi-centennial timescales, we find an increase in the SNR by nearly 1 order of magnitude (similar to 0.2 at decadal and similar to 1.0 at multi-centennial scales). The estimated spectrum of climate variability also shows increasing variability towards longer timescales, contrary to what is traditionally inferred from single records in this region. In contrast, the inferred variability spectrum for WAIS stays close to constant over decadal to centennial timescales, and the results even suggest a decrease in SNR over this range of timescales. We speculate that these differences between DML and WAIS are related to differences in the spatial and temporal scales of the isotope signal, highlighting the potentially more homogeneous atmospheric conditions on the Antarctic Plateau in contrast to the marine-influenced conditions on WAIS. In general, our approach provides a methodological basis for separating local proxy variability from coherent climate variations, which is applicable to a large set of palaeoclimate records. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-2053-2018 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 14 IS - 12 SP - 2053 EP - 2070 PB - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Svenja Sarah Helen A1 - Cortes-Garcia, Laura A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls BT - A cross-lagged panel analysis JF - Journal of adolescence N2 - Introduction: The goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents. Methods: Self-report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross lagged panel design. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems In boys or girls from the general population. Conclusions: It is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self-concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context. KW - Weight/shape concern KW - Muscularity concern KW - Depressive symptoms KW - Adolescents KW - Cross-lagged panel analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.005 SN - 0140-1971 SN - 1095-9254 VL - 68 SP - 70 EP - 77 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Junjie A1 - Liu, Danxu A1 - Wang, Yingtao A1 - Zeng, Ying A1 - Cheng, Feng A1 - Zhang, Wenqiang T1 - Weight-based strategy for an I/O-intensive application at a cloud data center JF - Concurrency and computation : practice & experience N2 - Applications with different characteristics in the cloud may have different resources preferences. However, traditional resource allocation and scheduling strategies rarely take into account the characteristics of applications. Considering that an I/O-intensive application is a typical type of application and that frequent I/O accesses, especially small files randomly accessing the disk, may lead to an inefficient use of resources and reduce the quality of service (QoS) of applications, a weight allocation strategy is proposed based on the available resources that a physical server can provide as well as the characteristics of the applications. Using the weight obtained, a resource allocation and scheduling strategy is presented based on the specific application characteristics in the data center. Extensive experiments show that the strategy is correct and can guarantee a high concurrency of I/O per second (IOPS) in a cloud data center with high QoS. Additionally, the strategy can efficiently improve the utilization of the disk and resources of the data center without affecting the service quality of applications. KW - IOPS KW - process scheduling KW - random I KW - O KW - small files KW - weight Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4648 SN - 1532-0626 SN - 1532-0634 VL - 30 IS - 19 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zuba, Anna A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Weight bias internalization across weight categories among school-aged children BT - validation of the weight bias internalization scale for children JF - Body image : an international journal of research N2 - Anti-fat bias is widespread and is linked to the internalization of weight bias and psychosocial problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the internalization of weight bias among children across weight categories and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale for Children (WBIS-C). Data were collected from 1484 primary school children and their parents. WBIS-C demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = .86) after exclusion of Item 1. The unitary factor structure was supported using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (factorial validity). Girls and overweight children reported higher WBIS-C scores in comparison to boys and non-overweight peers (known-groups validity). Convergent validity was shown by significant correlations with psychosocial problems. Internalization of weight bias explained additional variance in different indicators of psychosocial well-being. The results suggest that the WBIS-C is a psychometrically sound and informative tool to assess weight bias internalization among children. KW - Internalization of weight bias KW - Weight stigma KW - Psychological functioning KW - Psychometric properties KW - Children Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.02.008 SN - 1740-1445 SN - 1873-6807 VL - 25 SP - 56 EP - 65 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Bilogub, Maria A1 - Lindl, A. C. A1 - Harper, D. A1 - Mansukoski, L. A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Weight and height growth of malnourished school-age children during re-feeding BT - three historic studies published shortly after World War I JF - European journal of clinical nutrition N2 - Background In view of the ongoing debate on "chronic malnutrition" and the concept of "stunting" as "a better measure than underweight of the cumulative effects of undernutrition and infection (WHO)", we translate, briefly comment and republish three seminal historic papers on catch-up growth following re-feeding after severe food restriction of German children during and after World War I. The observations were published in 1920 and 1922, and appear to be of particular interest to the modern nutritionist. Results The papers of Abderhalden (1920) and Bloch (1920) describe German children of all social strata who were born shortly before World War I, and raised in apparently "normal" families. After severe long-standing undernutrition, they participated in an international charity program. They experienced exceptional catch-up growth in height of 3-5 cm within 6-8 weeks. Goldstein (1922) observed 512 orphans and children from underprivileged families. Goldstein described very different growth patterns. These children were much shorter (mean height between -2.0 and -2.8 SDS, modern WHO reference). They mostly failed to catch-up in height, but tended to excessively increase in weight particularly during adolescence. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0274-z SN - 0954-3007 SN - 1476-5640 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1603 EP - 1619 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emberson, Robert A1 - Galy, Albert A1 - Hovius, Niels T1 - Weathering of Reactive Mineral Phases in Landslides Acts as a Source of Carbon Dioxide in Mountain Belts JF - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface N2 - Bedrock landsliding in mountain belts can elevate overall chemical weathering rates through rapid dissolution of exhumed reactive mineral phases in transiently stored deposits. This link between a key process of erosion and the resultant weathering affects the sequestering of carbon dioxide through weathering of silicate minerals and broader links between erosion in active orogens and climate change. Here we address the effect on the carbon cycle of weathering induced by bedrock landsliding in Taiwan and the Western Southern Alps of New Zealand. Using solute chemistry data from samples of seepage from landslide deposits and river discharge from catchments with variable proportions of landsliding, we model the proportion of silicate and carbonate weathering and the balance of sulfuric and carbonic acids that act as weathering agents. We correct for secondary precipitation, geothermal, and cyclic input, to find a closer approximation of the weathering explicitly occurring within landslide deposits. We find highly variable proportions of sulfuric and carbonic acids driving weathering in landslides and stable hillslopes. Despite this variability, the predominance of rapid carbonate weathering within landslides and catchments where mass wasting is prevalent results at best in limited sequestration of carbon dioxide by this process of rapid erosion. In many cases where sulfuric acid is a key weathering agent, a net release of CO2 to the atmosphere occurs. This suggests that a causal link between erosion in mountain belts and climate change through the sequestration of CO2, if it exists, must operate through a process other than chemical weathering driven by landsliding. Plain Language Summary There is a long-standing debate surrounding the link between erosion and climate. It is often suggested that as temperatures increase, rainier and stormier weather could increase erosion of rock; as that rock is exposed, silicate minerals within could break down, which, on long time scales, can remove CO2 from the atmosphere, lowering global temperatures and acting as a negative feedback. Recent studies have shown that landslide deposits are key locations for the link between chemical weathering and physical erosion in some mountain belts. To test how landslides affect the erosion-climate link, we used samples of water seeping through landslides in Taiwan and New Zealand to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that is either absorbed or released through this chemical reaction. We find that the large amount of freshly exposed rock in Taiwanese landslide deposits contains significant carbonate rock and sulfide minerals; the net result of the weathering of these minerals is a release of carbon dioxide, which inverts the traditional perspective on the role erosion plays in controlling carbon dioxide release. In some mountain belts, it seems that increased erosion and resulting landsliding may act to increase carbon dioxide in the air, opening further questions into the nature of erosional-climatic links. KW - chemical weathering KW - landslides KW - erosion-climate link KW - carbon dioxide Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004672 SN - 2169-9003 SN - 2169-9011 VL - 123 IS - 10 SP - 2695 EP - 2713 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aydiner, Ekrem A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Wealth distribution, Pareto law, and stretched exponential decay of money BT - Computer simulations analysis of agent-based models JF - Physica : europhysics journal ; A, Statistical mechanics and its applications N2 - We study by Monte Carlo simulations a kinetic exchange trading model for both fixed and distributed saving propensities of the agents and rationalize the person and wealth distributions. We show that the newly introduced wealth distribution – that may be more amenable in certain situations – features a different power-law exponent, particularly for distributed saving propensities of the agents. For open agent-based systems, we analyze the person and wealth distributions and find that the presence of trap agents alters their amplitude, leaving however the scaling exponents nearly unaffected. For an open system, we show that the total wealth – for different trap agent densities and saving propensities of the agents – decreases in time according to the classical Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts stretched exponential law. Interestingly, this decay does not depend on the trap agent density, but rather on saving propensities. The system relaxation for fixed and distributed saving schemes are found to be different. KW - Econophysics KW - Wealth and income distribution KW - Pareto law KW - Scaling exponents Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.08.017 SN - 0378-4371 SN - 1873-2119 VL - 490 SP - 278 EP - 288 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Maheswaran, Rathinasamy A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - Caesar, Levke A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Wavelet-based multiscale similarity measure for complex networks JF - The European physical journal : B, Condensed matter and complex systems N2 - In recent years, complex network analysis facilitated the identification of universal and unexpected patterns in complex climate systems. However, the analysis and representation of a multiscale complex relationship that exists in the global climate system are limited. A logical first step in addressing this issue is to construct multiple networks over different timescales. Therefore, we propose to apply the wavelet multiscale correlation (WMC) similarity measure, which is a combination of two state-of-the-art methods, viz. wavelet and Pearson’s correlation, for investigating multiscale processes through complex networks. Firstly we decompose the data over different timescales using the wavelet approach and subsequently construct a corresponding network by Pearson’s correlation. The proposed approach is illustrated and tested on two synthetics and one real-world example. The first synthetic case study shows the efficacy of the proposed approach to unravel scale-specific connections, which are often undiscovered at a single scale. The second synthetic case study illustrates that by dividing and constructing a separate network for each time window we can detect significant changes in the signal structure. The real-world example investigates the behavior of the global sea surface temperature (SST) network at different timescales. Intriguingly, we notice that spatial dependent structure in SST evolves temporally. Overall, the proposed measure has an immense potential to provide essential insights on understanding and extending complex multivariate process studies at multiple scales. KW - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2018-90460-6 SN - 1434-6028 SN - 1434-6036 VL - 91 IS - 11 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiden, Sophia A1 - Wirth, Jonas A1 - Campen, Richard Kramer A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Water molecular beam scattering at alpha-Al2O3(0001) BT - an ab initio molecular dynamics study JF - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces N2 - Recent molecular beam experiments have shown that water may adsorb molecularly or dissociatively on an α-Al2O3(0001) surface, with enhanced dissociation probability compared to “pinhole dosing”, i.e., adsorption under thermal equilibrium conditions. However, precise information on the ongoing reactions and their relative probabilities is missing. In order to shed light on molecular beam scattering for this system, we perform ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to simulate water colliding with α-Al2O3(0001). We find that single water molecules hitting a cold, clean surface from the gas phase are either reflected, molecularly adsorbed, or dissociated (so-called 1–2 dissociation only). A certain minimum translational energy (above 0.1 eV) seems to be required to enforce dissociation, which may explain the higher dissociation probability in molecular beam experiments. When the surface is heated and/or when refined surface and beam models are applied (preadsorption with water or water fragments, clustering and internal preexcitation in the beam), additional channels open, among them physisorption, water clustering on the surface, and so-called 1–4 and 1–4′ dissociation. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b04179 SN - 1932-7447 VL - 122 IS - 27 SP - 15494 EP - 15504 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heiden, Sophia A1 - Yue, Yanhua A1 - Kirsch, Harald A1 - Wirth, Jonas A. A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Campen, Richard Kramer T1 - Water dissociative adsorption on α-Al2O3(112̅0) is controlled by surface site undercoordination, density, and topology JF - The journal of physical chemistry / publ. weekly by the American Chemical Society : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces N2 - α-Al2O3 surfaces are common in a wide variety of applications and useful models of more complicated, environmentally abundant, alumino-silicate surfaces. While decades of work have clarified that all properties of these surfaces depend sensitively on the crystal face and the presence of even small amounts of water, quantitative insight into this dependence has proven challenging. Overcoming this challenge requires systematic study of the mechanism by which water interacts with various α-Al2O3 surfaces. Such insight is most easily gained for the interaction of small amounts of water with surfaces in ultra high vacuum. In this study, we continue our combined theoretical and experimental approach to this problem, previously applied to water interaction with the α-Al2O3 (0001) and (11̅02) surfaces, now to water interaction with the third most stable surface, that is, the (112̅0). Because we characterize all three surfaces using similar tools, it is straightforward to conclude that the (112̅0) is most reactive with water. The most important factor explaining its increased reactivity is that the high density of undercoordinated surface Al atoms on the (112̅0) surface allows the bidentate adsorption of OH fragments originating from dissociatively adsorbed water, while only monodentate adsorption is possible on the (0001) and (11̅02) surfaces: the reactivity of α-Al2O3 surfaces with water depends strongly, and nonlinearly, on the density of undercoordinated surface Al atoms. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10410 SN - 1932-7447 VL - 122 IS - 12 SP - 6573 EP - 6584 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Förster, Saskia A1 - Brosinsky, Arlena A1 - Sommerer, Erik A1 - Lopez-Tarazonl, Jose Andres A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Batalla, Ramon J. A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Water and sediment fluxes in Mediterranean mountainous regions BT - comprehensive dataset for hydro-sedimentological analyses and modelling in a mesoscale catchment (River Isabena, NE Spain) JF - Earth System Science Data N2 - A comprehensive hydro-sedimentological dataset for the Isabena catchment, northeastern (NE) Spain, for the period 2010-2018 is presented to analyse water and sediment fluxes in a Mediterranean mesoscale catchment. The dataset includes rainfall data from 12 rain gauges distributed within the study area complemented by meteorological data of 12 official meteo-stations. It comprises discharge data derived from water stage measurements as well as suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) at six gauging stations of the River Isabena and its sub-catchments. Soil spectroscopic data from 351 suspended sediment samples and 152 soil samples were collected to characterize sediment source regions and sediment properties via fingerprinting analyses. The Isabena catchment (445 km(2)) is located in the southern central Pyrenees ranging from 450 m to 2720 m a.s.l.; together with a pronounced topography, this leads to distinct temperature and precipitation gradients. The River Isabena shows marked discharge variations and high sediment yields causing severe siltation problems in the downstream Barasona Reservoir. The main sediment source is badland areas located on Eocene marls that are well connected to the river network. The dataset features a comprehensive set of variables in a high spatial and temporal resolution suitable for the advanced process understanding of water and sediment fluxes, their origin and connectivity and sediment budgeting and for the evaluation and further development of hydro-sedimentological models in Mediterranean mesoscale mountainous catchments. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1063-2018 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 1063 EP - 1075 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Der-Chen A1 - Mahmoudi, Mahdi Hedayat A1 - Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang T1 - Volterra operators in the edge-calculus JF - Analysis and Mathematical Physics N2 - We study the Volterra property of a class of anisotropic pseudo-differential operators on R x B for a manifold B with edge Y and time-variable t. This exposition belongs to a program for studying parabolicity in such a situation. In the present consideration we establish non-smoothing elements in a subalgebra with anisotropic operator-valued symbols of Mellin type with holomorphic symbols in the complex Mellin covariable from the cone theory, where the covariable t of t extends to symbolswith respect to t to the lower complex v half-plane. The resulting space ofVolterra operators enlarges an approach of Buchholz (Parabolische Pseudodifferentialoperatoren mit operatorwertigen Symbolen. Ph. D. thesis, Universitat Potsdam, 1996) by necessary elements to a new operator algebra containing Volterra parametrices under an appropriate condition of anisotropic ellipticity. Our approach avoids some difficulty in choosing Volterra quantizations in the edge case by generalizing specific achievements from the isotropic edge-calculus, obtained by Seiler (Pseudodifferential calculus on manifolds with non-compact edges, Ph. D. thesis, University of Potsdam, 1997), see also Gil et al. (in: Demuth et al (eds) Mathematical research, vol 100. Akademic Verlag, Berlin, pp 113-137, 1997; Osaka J Math 37: 221-260, 2000). KW - Volterra operator KW - Anisotropic pseudo-differential operators KW - Edge calculus KW - Operator-valued symbols of Mellin type Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13324-018-0238-4 SN - 1664-2368 SN - 1664-235X VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 570 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Namiki, Atsuko A1 - Rivalta, Eleonora A1 - Woith, Heiko A1 - Willey, Timothy A1 - Parolai, Stefano A1 - Walter, Thomas R. T1 - Volcanic activities triggered or inhibited by resonance of volcanic edifices to large earthquakes JF - Geology N2 - The existence of a causal link between large earthquakes and volcanic unrest is widely accepted. Recent observations have also revealed counterintuitive negative responses of volcanoes to large earthquakes, including decreased gas emissions and subsidence in volcanic areas. In order to explore the mechanisms that could simultaneously explain both the positive and negative responses of volcanic activity to earthquakes, we here focus on the role played by topography. In the laboratory, we shook a volcanic edifice analogue, made of gel, previously injected with a buoyant fluid. We find that shaking triggers rapid migration of the buoyant fluid upward, downward, or laterally, depending on the fluid’s buoyancy and storage depth; bubbly fluids stored at shallow depth ascend, while low-buoyancy fluids descend or migrate laterally. The migration of fluids induced by shaking is two orders of magnitude faster than without shaking. Downward or lateral fluid migration may decrease volcanic gas emissions and cause subsidence as a negative response, while upward migration is consistent both with an increase in volcanic activity and immediate unrest (deformation and seismicity) after large earthquakes. The fluid migration is more efficient when the oscillation frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the edifice. The resonance frequency for a 30-km-wide volcanic mountain range, such as those where subsidence was observed, is ∼0.07 Hz. Only large earthquakes are able to cause oscillation at such low frequencies. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/G45323.1 SN - 0091-7613 SN - 1943-2682 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 70 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karuwanarint, Piyaporn A1 - Phonrat, Benjaluck A1 - Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee A1 - Suriyaprom, Kanjana A1 - Chuengsamarn, Somlak A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Tungtrongchitr, Rungsunn T1 - Vitamin D-binding protein and its polymorphisms as a predictor for metabolic syndrome JF - Biomarkers in medicine N2 - Aim: To investigate the relationship of vitamin D-binding protein (GC) and genetic variation of GC (rs4588, rs7041 and rs2282679) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Thai population. Materials & methods: GCglobulin concentrations were measured by quantitative western blot analysis in 401 adults. All participants were genotyped using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Results: GC-globulin levels were significatly lower in MetS subjects than in control subjects, in which significant negative correlations of GC-globulin levels with systolic blood pressure, glucose and age were found. Male participants who carried the GT genotype for rs4588 showed an increased risk of MetS compared with the GG wild-type (odds ratio: 3.25; p = 0.004). Conclusion: GC-globulin concentrations and variation in GC rs4588 were supported as a risk factor for MetS in Thais. KW - GC gene KW - GC-globulin KW - metabolic syndrome KW - polymorphism KW - Thai population KW - vitamin D-binding protein Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2018-0029 SN - 1752-0363 SN - 1752-0371 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 465 EP - 473 PB - Future Medicine CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Fu A1 - Dong, Kang A1 - Osenberg, Markus A1 - Hilger, Andre A1 - Risse, Sebastian A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Kamm, Paul H. A1 - Klaus, Manuela A1 - Markoetter, Henning A1 - Garcia-Moreno, Francisco A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Manke, Ingo T1 - Visualizing the morphological and compositional evolution of the interface of InLi-anode|thio-LISION electrolyte in an all-solid-state Li-S cell by in operando synchrotron X-ray tomography and energy dispersive diffraction JF - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability N2 - Dynamic and direct visualization of interfacial evolution is helpful in gaining fundamental knowledge of all-solid-state-lithium battery working/degradation mechanisms and clarifying future research directions for constructing next-generation batteries. Herein, in situ and in operando synchrotron X-ray tomography and energy dispersive diffraction were simultaneously employed to record the morphological and compositional evolution of the interface of InLi-anode|sulfide-solid-electrolyte during battery cycling. Compelling morphological evidence of interfacial degradation during all-solid-state-lithium battery operation has been directly visualized by tomographic measurement. The accompanying energy dispersive diffraction results agree well with the observed morphological deterioration and the recorded electrochemical performance. It is concluded from the current investigation that a fundamental understanding of the phenomena occurring at the solid-solid electrode|electrolyte interface during all-solid-state-lithium battery cycling is critical for future progress in cell performance improvement and may determine its final commercial viability. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08821g SN - 2050-7488 SN - 2050-7496 VL - 6 IS - 45 SP - 22489 EP - 22496 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin A1 - Wolff, Christian Michael A1 - Marquez, Jose A. A1 - Zhang, Shanshan A1 - Hages, Charles J. A1 - Rothhardt, Daniel A1 - Albrecht, Steve A1 - Burn, Paul L. A1 - Meredith, Paul A1 - Unold, Thomas A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Visualization and suppression of interfacial recombination for high-efficiency large-area pin perovskite solar cells JF - Nature Energy N2 - The performance of perovskite solar cells is predominantly limited by non-radiative recombination, either through trap-assisted recombination in the absorber layer or via minority carrier recombination at the perovskite/transport layer interfaces. Here, we use transient and absolute photoluminescence imaging to visualize all non-radiative recombination pathways in planar pintype perovskite solar cells with undoped organic charge transport layers. We find significant quasi-Fermi-level splitting losses (135 meV) in the perovskite bulk, whereas interfacial recombination results in an additional free energy loss of 80 meV at each individual interface, which limits the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of the complete cell to similar to 1.12 V. Inserting ultrathin interlayers between the perovskite and transport layers leads to a substantial reduction of these interfacial losses at both the p and n contacts. Using this knowledge and approach, we demonstrate reproducible dopant-free 1 cm(2) perovskite solar cells surpassing 20% efficiency (19.83% certified) with stabilized power output, a high V-oc (1.17 V) and record fill factor (>81%). KW - Energy science and technology KW - Solar cells Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0219-8 SN - 2058-7546 VL - 3 IS - 10 SP - 847 EP - 854 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pearce, Warren A1 - Özkula, Suay M. A1 - Greene, Amanda K. A1 - Teeling, Lauren A1 - Bansard, Jennifer S. A1 - Omena, Janna Joceli A1 - Rabello, Elaine Teixeira T1 - Visual cross-platform analysis JF - Information, Communication and Society: digital methods to research social media images N2 - Analysis of social media using digital methods is a flourishing approach. However, the relatively easy availability of data collected via platform application programming interfaces has arguably led to the predominance of single-platform research of social media. Such research has also privileged the role of text in social media analysis, as a form of data that is more readily gathered and searchable than images. In this paper, we challenge both of these prevailing forms of social media research by outlining a methodology for visual cross-platform analysis (VCPA), defined as the study of still and moving images across two or more social media platforms. Our argument contains three steps. First, we argue that cross-platform analysis addresses a gap in research methods in that it acknowledges the interplay between a social phenomenon under investigation and the medium within which it is being researched, thus illuminating the different affordances and cultures of web platforms. Second, we build on the literature on multimodal communication and platform vernacular to provide a rationale for incorporating the visual into cross-platform analysis. Third, we reflect on an experimental cross-platform analysis of images within social media posts (n = 471,033) used to communicate climate change to advance different modes of macro- and meso-levels of analysis that are natively visual: image-text networks, image plots and composite images. We conclude by assessing the research pathways opened up by VCPA, delineating potential contributions to empirical research and theory and the potential impact on practitioners of social media communication. KW - research methodology KW - visual analysis KW - social media KW - climate change Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1486871 SN - 1468-4462 SN - 1369-118X VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 180 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goychuk, Igor T1 - Viscoelastic subdiffusion in a random Gaussian environment JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Viscoelastic subdiffusion governed by a fractional Langevin equation is studied numerically in a random Gaussian environment modeled by stationary Gaussian potentials with decaying spatial correlations. This anomalous diffusion is archetypal for living cells, where cytoplasm is known to be viscoelastic and a spatial disorder also naturally emerges. We obtain some first important insights into it within a model one-dimensional study. Two basic types of potential correlations are studied: short-range exponentially decaying and algebraically slow decaying with an infinite correlation length, both for a moderate (several kBT, in the units of thermal energy), and strong (5–10kBT) disorder. For a moderate disorder, it is shown that on the ensemble level viscoelastic subdiffusion can easily overcome the medium's disorder. Asymptotically, it is not distinguishable from the disorder-free subdiffusion. However, a strong scatter in single-trajectory averages is nevertheless seen even for a moderate disorder. It features a weak ergodicity breaking, which occurs on a very long yet transient time scale. Furthermore, for a strong disorder, a very long transient regime of logarithmic, Sinai-type diffusion emerges. It can last longer and be faster in the absolute terms for weakly decaying correlations as compared with the short-range correlations. Residence time distributions in a finite spatial domain are of a generalized log-normal type and are reminiscent also of a stretched exponential distribution. They can be easily confused for power-law distributions in view of the observed weak ergodicity breaking. This suggests a revision of some experimental data and their interpretation. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05238g SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 20 IS - 37 SP - 24140 EP - 24155 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thom, Linda T1 - Virality and Emotionality of the Lügenpresse Phenomenon: A Critical Discourse Analysis of German and French Right-Wing Websites JF - Virality and morphogenesis of right-wing internet populism Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-631-76995-9 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - Lang CY - Berlin ; Bern ; Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kimminich, Eva T1 - Viral Information - The Shift of Meaning and Politics: An Introduction to a Multi-Perspective Analysis of Internet Activities JF - Virality and morphogenesis of right-wing internet populism Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-631-76995-9 SP - 9 EP - 28 PB - Lang CY - Berlin ; Bern ; Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiong, Tao A1 - Włodarczyk, Radosław Stanisław A1 - Gallandi, Lukas A1 - Körzdörfer, Thomas A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra of lower diamondoids BT - a time-dependent approach JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistry N2 - Vibrationally resolved lowest-energy bands of the photoelectron spectra (PES) of adamantane, diamantane, and urotropine were simulated by a time-dependent correlation function approach within the harmonic approximation. Geometries and normal modes for neutral and cationic molecules were obtained from B3LYP hybrid density functional theory (DFT). It is shown that the simulated spectra reproduce the experimentally observed vibrational finestructure (or its absence) quite well. Origins of the finestructure are discussed and related to recurrences of autocorrelation functions and dominant vibrations. Remaining quantitative and qualitative errors of the DFT-derived PES spectra refer to (i) an overall redshift by ∼0.5 eV and (ii) the absence of satellites in the high-energy region of the spectra. The former error is shown to be due to the neglect of many-body corrections to ordinary Kohn-Sham methods, while the latter has been argued to be due to electron-nuclear couplings beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation [Gali et al., Nat. Commun. 7, 11327 (2016)]. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012131 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 148 IS - 4 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiong, Tao A1 - Wlodarczyk, Radoslaw A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of perylene and N-substituted derivatives from autocorrelation function approaches JF - Chemical physics : a journal devoted to experimental and theoretical research involving problems of both a chemical and physical nature N2 - Vibrationally resolved absorption and emission (fluorescence) spectra of perylene and its N-derivatives in gas phase and in solution (acetonitrile) were simulated using a time-dependent approach based on correlation functions determined by density functional theory. By systematically varying the number and position of N atoms, it is shown that the presence of nitrogen heteroatoms has a negligible effect on the molecular structure and geometric distortions upon electronic transitions, while spectral properties change: in particular the number of N atoms is important while their position is less decisive. Thus, the N-substitution can be used to fine-tune the optical properties of perylene-based molecules. KW - Perylene KW - Vibronic spectrum KW - Correlation function KW - Dimer KW - Excimer KW - PCM Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.011 SN - 0301-0104 SN - 1873-4421 VL - 515 SP - 728 EP - 736 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melani, Giacomo A1 - Nagata, Yuki A1 - Wirth, Jonas A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Vibrational spectroscopy of hydroxylated alpha-Al2O3(0001) surfaces with and without water BT - an ab initio molecular dynamics study JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - Using gradient- and dispersion-corrected density functional theory in connection with ab initio molecular dynamics and efficient, parametrized Velocity-Velocity Autocorrelation Function (VVAF) methodology, we study the vibrational spectra (Vibrational Sum Frequency, VSF, and infrared, IR) of hydroxylated alpha-Al2O3(0001) surfaces with and without additional water. Specifically, by considering a naked hydroxylated surface and the same surface with a particularly stable, "ice-like" hexagonal water later allows us to identify and disentangle main spectroscopic bands of OH bonds, their orientation and dynamics, and the role of water adsorption. In particular, we assign spectroscopic signals around 3700 cm(-1) as being dominated by perpendicularly oriented non-hydrogen bonded aluminol groups, with and without additional water. Furthermore, the thin water layer gives spectroscopic signals which are already comparable to previous theoretical and experimental findings for the solid/(bulk) liquid interface, showing that water molecules closest to the surface play a decisive role in the vibrational response of these systems. From a methodological point of view, the effects of temperature, anharmonicity, hydrogen-bonding, and structural dynamics are taken into account and analyzed, allowing us to compare the calculated IR and VSF spectra with the ones based on normal mode analysis and vibrational density of states. The VVAF approach employed in this work appears to be a computationally accurate yet feasible method to address the vibrational fingerprints and dynamical properties of water/metal oxide interfaces. Published by AIP Publishing. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023347 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 149 IS - 1 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdalla, Hassan E. A1 - Aharonian, Felix A. A1 - Benkhali, F. Ait A1 - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan A1 - Arakawa, M. A1 - Arcaro, C. A1 - Armand, C. A1 - Arrieta, M. A1 - Backes, M. A1 - Barnard, M. A1 - Becherini, Y. A1 - Tjus, J. Becker A1 - Berge, D. A1 - Bernhard, S. A1 - Bernloehr, K. A1 - Blackwell, R. A1 - Bottcher, M. A1 - Boisson, C. A1 - Bolmont, J. A1 - Bonnefoy, S. A1 - Bordas, Pol A1 - Bregeon, J. A1 - Brun, F. A1 - Brun, P. A1 - Bryan, M. A1 - Buechele, M. A1 - Bulik, T. A1 - Bylund, T. A1 - Capasso, M. A1 - Caroff, S. A1 - Carosi, A. A1 - Casanova, Sabrina A1 - Cerruti, M. A1 - Chakraborty, N. A1 - Chandra, S. A1 - Chaves, R. C. G. A1 - Chen, A. A1 - Colafrancesco, S. A1 - Condon, B. A1 - Davids, I. D. A1 - Dei, C. A1 - Devin, J. A1 - deWilt, P. A1 - Dirson, L. A1 - Djannati-Atai, A. A1 - Dmytriiev, A. A1 - Donath, A. A1 - Dyks, J. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Emery, G. A1 - Ernenwein, J. -P. A1 - Eschbach, S. A1 - Fegan, S. A1 - Fiasson, A. A1 - Fontaine, G. A1 - Funk, S. A1 - Füssling, Matthias A1 - Gabici, S. A1 - Gallant, Y. A. A1 - Garrigoux, T. A1 - Gate, F. A1 - Giavitto, G. A1 - Glawion, D. A1 - Glicenstein, J. F. A1 - Gottschall, D. A1 - Grondin, M. -H. A1 - Hahn, J. A1 - Haupt, M. A1 - Heinzelmann, G. A1 - Henri, G. A1 - Hermann, G. A1 - Hinton, J. A. A1 - Hofmann, W. A1 - Hoischen, Clemens A1 - Holch, T. L. A1 - Holler, M. A1 - Horns, D. A1 - Huber, D. A1 - Iwasaki, H. A1 - Jacholkowska, A. A1 - Jamrozy, M. A1 - Jankowsky, D. A1 - Jankowsky, F. A1 - Jouvin, L. A1 - Jung-Richardt, I. A1 - Kastendieck, M. A. A1 - Katarzynski, K. A1 - Katsuragawa, M. A1 - Katz, U. A1 - Kerszberg, D. A1 - Khangulyan, D. A1 - Khelifi, B. A1 - King, J. A1 - Klepser, S. A1 - Kluzniak, W. A1 - Komin, Nu. A1 - Kosack, K. A1 - Krakau, S. A1 - Kraus, M. A1 - Kruger, R. R. A1 - Lamanna, G. A1 - Lau, J. A1 - Lefaucheur, J. A1 - Lemiere, A. A1 - Lemoine-Goumard, M. A1 - Lenain, J. -P. A1 - Leser, Eva A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Lorentz, M. A1 - Lopez-Coto, R. A1 - Lypova, I. A1 - Malyshev, D. A1 - Marandon, V. A1 - Marcowith, Alexandre A1 - Mariaud, C. A1 - Marti-Devesa, G. A1 - Marx, R. A1 - Maurin, G. A1 - Meintjes, P. J. A1 - Mitche, A. M. W. A1 - Moderski, R. A1 - Mohamed, M. A1 - Mohrmann, L. A1 - Moulin, Emmanuel A1 - Murach, T. A1 - Nakashima, S. A1 - de Naurois, M. A1 - Ndiyavala, H. A1 - Niederwanger, F. A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Oakes, L. A1 - Odaka, H. A1 - Ohm, S. A1 - Ostrowski, M. A1 - Oya, I. A1 - Padovani, M. A1 - Panter, M. A1 - Parsons, R. D. A1 - Perennes, C. A1 - Petrucci, P. -O. A1 - Peyaud, B. A1 - Piel, Q. A1 - Pita, S. A1 - Poireau, V. A1 - Noel, A. Priyana A1 - Prokhorov, D. A. A1 - Prokoph, H. A1 - Puehlhofer, G. A1 - Punch, M. A1 - Quirrenbach, A. A1 - Raab, S. A1 - Rauth, R. A1 - Reimer, A. A1 - Reimer, O. A1 - Renaud, M. A1 - Rieger, F. A1 - Rinchiuso, L. A1 - Romoli, C. A1 - Rowell, G. A1 - Rudak, B. A1 - Ruiz-Velasco, E. A1 - Sahakian, V. A1 - Saito, S. A1 - Sanchez, David M. A1 - Santangelo, A. A1 - Sasaki, M. A1 - Schlickeiser, R. A1 - Schussler, F. A1 - Schulz, A. A1 - Schwanke, U. A1 - Schwemmer, S. A1 - Seglar-Arroyo, M. A1 - Senniappan, M. A1 - Seyffert, A. S. A1 - Shafi, N. A1 - Shilon, I. A1 - Shiningayamwe, K. A1 - Simoni, R. A1 - Sinha, A. A1 - Sol, H. A1 - Spanier, F. A1 - Specovius, A. A1 - Spir-Jacob, M. A1 - Stawarz, L. A1 - Steenkamp, R. A1 - Stegmann, Christian A1 - Steppa, Constantin Beverly A1 - Sushch, Iurii A1 - Takahashi, T. A1 - Tavernet, J. -P. A1 - Tavernier, T. A1 - Taylor, A. M. A1 - Terrier, R. A1 - Tibaldo, L. A1 - Tiziani, D. A1 - Tluczykont, M. A1 - Trichard, C. A1 - Tsirou, M. A1 - Tsuji, N. A1 - Tuffs, R. A1 - Uchiyama, Y. A1 - van der Walt, D. J. A1 - van Eldik, C. A1 - van Rensburg, C. A1 - van Soelen, B. A1 - Vasileiadis, G. A1 - Veh, J. A1 - Venter, C. A1 - Viana, A. A1 - Vincent, P. A1 - Vink, J. A1 - Voisin, F. A1 - Voelk, H. J. A1 - Vuillaume, T. A1 - Wadiasingh, Z. A1 - Wagner, S. J. A1 - Wagner, P. A1 - Wagner, R. M. A1 - White, R. A1 - Wierzcholska, A. A1 - Woernlein, A. A1 - Yang, R. A1 - Zaborov, D. A1 - Zacharias, M. A1 - Zanin, R. A1 - Zdziarski, A. A. A1 - Zech, Alraune A1 - Zefi, F. A1 - Ziegler, A. A1 - Zorn, J. A1 - Zywucka, N. T1 - VHE gamma-ray discovery and multiwavelength study of the blazar 1ES 2322-409 JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - A hotspot at a position compatible with the BL. Lac object 1ES 2322-409 was serendipitously detected with H.E.S.S. during observations performed in 2004 and 2006 on the blazar PKS 2316-423. Additional data on 1ES 2322-409 were taken in 2011 and 2012, leading to a total live-time of 22.3 h. Point-like very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission is detected from a source centred on the IFS 2322-409 position, with an excess of 116.7 events at a significance of 6.0 sigma. The average VHE gamma-ray spectrum is well described with a power law with a photon index Gamma = 3.40 +/- 0.66(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and an integral flux Phi(E > 200 GeV) = (3.11 +/- 0.71(stat) 0.62(sys)) x 10(-2)cm(-2)s(-1), which corresponds to 1.1 per cent of the Crab nebula flux above 200 GeV. Multiwavelength data obtained with Fermi LAT, Swift XRT and UVOT, RXTE PCA, ATOM, and additional data from WISE, GROND, and Catalina are also used to characterize the broad-band non-thermal emission of lES 2322-409. The multiwavelength behaviour indicates day-scale variability. Swift UVOT and XRT data show strong variability at longer scales. A spectral energy distribution (SED) is built from contemporaneous observations obtained around a high state identified in Swift data. A modelling of the SED is performed with a stationary homogeneous one-zone synchrotronself-Compton leptonic model. The redshift of the source being unknown, two plausible values were tested for the modelling. A systematic scan of the model parameters space is performed, resulting in a well-constrained combination of values providing a good description of the broad-band behaviour of 1ES 2322-409. KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal KW - galaxies: active KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2322-409 KW - gamma-rays: galaxies Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2686 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 482 IS - 3 SP - 3011 EP - 3022 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abeysekara, A. U. A1 - Archer, A. A1 - Benbow, Wystan A1 - Bird, Ralph A1 - Brill, A. A1 - Brose, Robert A1 - Buckley, J. H. A1 - Christiansen, Jessie L. A1 - Chromey, A. J. A1 - Daniel, M. K. A1 - Falcone, A. A1 - Feng, Qi A1 - Finley, John P. A1 - Fortson, L. A1 - Furniss, Amy A1 - Gillanders, Gerard H. A1 - Gueta, O. A1 - Hanna, David A1 - Hervet, O. A1 - Holder, J. A1 - Hughes, G. A1 - Humensky, T. B. A1 - Johnson, Caitlin A. A1 - Kaaret, Philip A1 - Kar, P. A1 - Kelley-Hoskins, N. A1 - Kertzman, M. A1 - Kieda, David A1 - Krause, Maria A1 - Krennrich, F. A1 - Lang, M. J. A1 - Moriarty, P. A1 - Mukherjee, Reshmi A1 - Ong, R. A. A1 - Otte, A. N. A1 - Park, N. A1 - Petrashyk, A. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Pueschel, Elisa A1 - Quinn, J. A1 - Ragan, K. A1 - Reynolds, P. T. A1 - Richards, Gregory T. A1 - Roache, E. A1 - Rulten, C. A1 - Sadeh, I. A1 - Santander, Marcos A1 - Scott, S. S. A1 - Sembroski, G. H. A1 - Shahinyan, Karlen A1 - Tyler, J. A1 - Wakely, S. P. A1 - Weinstein, A. A1 - Wells, R. M. A1 - Wilcox, P. A1 - Wilhelm, Alina A1 - Williams, D. A. A1 - Williamson, T. J. A1 - Zitzer, B. A1 - Kaur, A. T1 - VERITAS Observations of the BL Lac Object TXS 0506+056 JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters N2 - On 2017 September 22, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported the detection of the high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A, of potential astrophysical origin. It was soon determined that the neutrino direction was consistent with the location of the gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. (3FGL J0509.4+ 0541), which was in an elevated gamma-ray emission state as measured by the Fermi satellite. Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations of the neutrino/blazar region started on 2017 September 23 in response to the neutrino alert and continued through 2018 February 6. While no significant very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emission was observed from the blazar by VERITAS in the two-week period immediately following the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+ 056 was detected by VERITAS with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations (sigma) in the full 35 hr data set. The average photon flux of the source during this period was (8.9 +/- 1.6). x. 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1), or 1.6% of the Crab Nebula flux, above an energy threshold of 110 GeV, with a soft spectral index of 4.8. +/-. 1.3. KW - astroparticle physics KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056, VER J0509+057) KW - gamma rays: galaxies KW - quasars: general KW - neutrinos Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad053 SN - 2041-8205 SN - 2041-8213 VL - 861 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER -