TY - GEN A1 - Hackmann, Nina A1 - Wolff, Christina T1 - Einleitung: Diskursive Auseinandersetzung mit Zweigeschlechtlichkeit und die hochschulpolitische Ausgangslage Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-601311 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ebers, Martin A1 - Hoch, Veronica R. S. A1 - Rosenkranz, Frank A1 - Ruschemeier, Hannah A1 - Steinrötter, Björn T1 - The European Commission’s proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act BT - A critical assessment by members of the Robotics and AI Law Society (RAILS) T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation “laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence”, the so-called “Artificial Intelligence Act” (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11). T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 8 KW - artificial intelligence KW - machine learning KW - European Union KW - regulation KW - harmonization KW - Artificial Intelligence Act Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-596824 IS - 8 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bilgen, Isa T1 - Freiheit und Nachhaltigkeit im Verfassungswandel T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Mit dem Klima wandelt sich auch notwendig die offene Gesellschaft. Und mit ihr wandelt sich wiederum auch die Verfassung(-sinterpretation). Periodisch wiederkehrende Gesundheits- und Sicherheitskrisen fordern eine dynamische Reaktion des Grundgesetzes auf mit ihnen einhergehende Probleme. In andauernden Krisen wie der Umweltkrise muss die Verfassung gleichzeitig in vielerlei Hinsicht nachhaltig sein. Dabei muss das, was wir unter Freiheit, Klima‑, Umwelt- oder Tierschutz verstehen, immer im Wandel bleiben. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 9 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-600084 SN - 2366-7044 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - González Hauck, Sué A1 - Herrmann, Franziska M. A1 - Hettihewa, Julian A. A1 - Kraft, Dariush A1 - Milas, Max A1 - Springer, Stephanie A1 - Weckner, Franka T1 - Jurisdiction BT - Who speaks international law? T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 11 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-602139 IS - 11 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lemke, Tristan T1 - Keine Reform für die Zukunft T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Am 1. Januar 2021 trat die jüngste Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) in Kraft. Sie führte mit der finanziellen Beteiligung der Gemeinden an den Erträgen der Windenergie klammheimlich eine verfassungswidrige Abgabe ein: Durch das Zusammenspiel des neuen § 36k EEG 2021 mit der altbekannten EEG-Umlage fließt eine bei den Strom-Endverbrauchern erhobene Abgabe in die kommunalen Haushalte. Das kann auf keine Gesetzgebungskompetenz gestützt werden. Darüber hinaus führt die Deckelung der EEG-Umlage in den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Verbindung mit § 36k EEG 2021 dazu, dass in verfassungswidriger Weise Bundesmittel den Gemeinden zur freien Verfügung gestellt werden. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe - 13 KW - Abgabe KW - Umlage Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-603750 IS - 13 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Reith, Florian T1 - Strength of weakness BT - Quality managers as agents of multiple principals T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The paper investigates quality management in teaching and learning in higher education institutions from a principal-agent perspective. Based on data gained from semi-structured interviews and from a nation-wide survey with quality managers of German higher education institutions, the study shows how quality managers position themselves in relation to their perception of the interests of other actors in higher education institutions. The paper describes the various interests and discusses the main implications of this constellation of actors. It argues that quality managers, although they may be considered as rather weak actors within the higher education institution, may be characterised as having a strength of weakness due to diverging interests of their principals. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 163 KW - quality management KW - quality assurance KW - higher education KW - principal KW - agent KW - teaching Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-540972 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 163 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer-Preßler, Diana A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Bunker, Deborah A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Fischbach, Kai T1 - Social media information governance in multi-level organizations BT - How humanitarian organizations accrue social capital T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Strategic social media use positively influences organizational goals such as the long-term accrual of social capital, and thus social media information governance has become an increasingly important organizational objective. It is particularly important for humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (HNGOs), whose work relies on accurate and timely information regarding socially altruistic behavior (donations, volunteerism, etc.). Despite the potential of social media for increasing social capital, tensions in governing social media information across an organization's different operational levels (regional, intermediate, and national) pose a difficult challenge. Prominent governance frameworks offer little guidance, as their focus on control and incremental policymaking is largely incompatible with the processes, roles, standards, and metrics needed for managing self-governing social media. This study offers a notion of dynamic and co-evolutionary process management of multi-level organizations as a means of conceptualizing social media information governance for the accrual of organizational social capital. Based on interviews with members of HNGOs, this study reveals tensions that emerge within eight focus areas of accruing social capital in multi-level organizations, explains how dynamic process management can ease those tensions, and proposes corresponding strategy recommendations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 185 KW - social media KW - social capital KW - information governance KW - dynamic and co-evolutionary process management Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-608409 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 185 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höfs, Soraya A1 - Huelague, Deniz A1 - Bennet, Francesca A1 - Carl, Peter A1 - Flemig, Sabine A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Schenk, Jorg A. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Schneider, Rudolf J. T1 - Electrochemical immunomagnetic Ochratoxin A sensing BT - steps forward in the application of 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine in amperometric assays JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes. KW - amperometry KW - cyclic voltammetry KW - immunoassays KW - screen-printed electrodes KW - 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100446 SN - 2196-0216 VL - 8 IS - 13 SP - 2597 EP - 2606 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gonnermann, Jana A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Bui, Tung X. T1 - To what extent can individualisation in terms of different types of mode improve learning outcomes and learner satisfaction? BT - A pre-study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner’s prior- knowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 193 KW - advances in teaching and learning technologies KW - digital learning KW - digital teaching KW - experimental design KW - personalised learning KW - teaching and learning model Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604759 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Hanya A1 - Liu, Rui A1 - Gou, Tingyu A1 - Kliem, Bernhard A1 - Su, Yingna A1 - Chen, Jun A1 - Wang, Yuming T1 - Pre-eruption splitting of the double-decker structure in a solar filament JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - Solar filaments often erupt partially. Although how they split remains elusive, the splitting process has the potential of revealing the filament structure and eruption mechanism. Here we investigate the pre-eruption splitting of an apparently single filament and its subsequent partial eruption on 2012 September 27. The evolution is characterized by three stages with distinct dynamics. During the quasi-static stage, the splitting proceeds gradually for about 1.5 hr, with the upper branch rising at a few kilometers per second and displaying swirling motions about its axis. During the precursor stage that lasts for about 10 minutes, the upper branch rises at tens of kilometers per second, with a pair of conjugated dimming regions starting to develop at its footpoints; with the swirling motions turning chaotic, the axis of the upper branch whips southward, which drives an arc-shaped extreme-ultraviolet front propagating in a similar direction. During the eruption stage, the upper branch erupts with the onset of a C3.7-class two-ribbon flare, while the lower branch remains stable. Judging from the well-separated footpoints of the upper branch from those of the lower one, we suggest that the pre-eruption filament processes a double-decker structure composed of two distinct flux bundles, whose formation is associated with gradual magnetic flux cancellations and converging photospheric flows around the polarity inversion line. KW - Solar filament eruptions KW - Solar active region magnetic fields KW - Solar KW - flares KW - Solar filaments Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abda4e SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 909 IS - 1 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Homolka, Walter T1 - Christology and the Biographical Jesus BT - a Jewish Perspective on the Concept of Jesus as Torah Incarnate T2 - Zur Gegenwart des kommenden Gottes - Anstöße aus der Erfahrung suchenden Theologie von Tiemo Rainer Peters KW - Bibel KW - Biografie KW - Jesus Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-7867-3323-2 SP - 377 EP - 398 PB - Matthias Grünewald Verlag CY - Ostfildern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homolka, Walter T1 - Glaubensfragen BT - der interreligiöse Dialog zwischen Juden und Christen braucht Neubewertungen in der systematischen Theologie JF - Über Grenzen hinweg zu neuer Gemeinschaft - Bilanz und Perspektiven des christlich-jüdischen Gesprächs (Reihe: Forum Christen und Juden/Forum for Christians and Jews) N2 - Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Phasen von siebzig Jahren christlich-jüdischer Dialog und blickt in die Zukunft. Akzeptieren Christen die Konsequenzen, die aus der Immanenz des Judentums in ihrer Religion folgen? Vor allem in zentralen Handlungsfeldern der systematischen Theologie bleibt viel Raum für Entwicklung, allen voran der Christologie. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-643-15083-7 VL - 23 PB - LIT CY - Berlin, Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tella, Timothy O. A1 - Winterleitner, Gerd A1 - Morsilli, Michele A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Testing sea-level and carbonate production effects on stratal architecture of a distally steepened carbonate ramp (Upper Miocene, Menorca) BT - a 3D forward modelling approach JF - Sedimentary geology : international journal of applied and regional sedimentology N2 - Although distally steepened carbonate ramps have been studied by numerous researchers, the processes that control the development of these carbonate systems, including tectonics, differential carbonate production along the ramp profile, or antecedent physiography of the slopes, are an ongoing discussion. We use a stratigraphic forward model to test different hypotheses to unravel controls over distally steepened ramp development, referenced to the well-known Upper Miocene Menorca carbonate ramp (Spain). Sensitivity tests show that distally steepened ramps develop under complex interaction among accommodation, carbonate production and sediment transport parameters. Ramp slope initiation is favoured by still stands and falls of sea-level, in a setting with high-frequency sea-level fluctuations with amplitude between 20 m and 40 m. Low-frequency and higher amplitude sea-level fluctuations of about 115 m tend to form models with no significant slope development. The impact of antecedent slope on the geometry of ramps is determined by the paleoslope inclination, with flat to subhorizontal paleosurfaces resulting in ramps that mirror the antecedent slope. In contrast, steeper paleosurfaces tend to result in ramps with well-defined slopes. Our models, therefore, show that the ramp profile becomes more influenced by the depth constraints on the carbonate sediment producers than by the geometry of the underlying topography as the inclination of the paleosurface increases. The presented models also show that seagrass-dominated shallow carbonate production tends to result in steep slopes due to the low-transport characteristic imposed by seagrass trapping. This steepness can, however, be altered by the introduction of high transport sediment grains from deeper carbonate producers, which fill the slopes and more distal sections of the ramp profile. KW - Forward model KW - Distally steepened ramp KW - Sea-level fluctuation; KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Sediment transport KW - Carbonate production KW - Grain KW - association Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106267 SN - 0037-0738 SN - 1879-0968 VL - 441 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behm, David G. A1 - Alizadeh, Shahab A1 - Hadjizedah Anvar, Saman A1 - Hanlon, Courtney A1 - Ramsay, Emma A1 - Mahmoud, Mohamed Mamdouh Ibrahim A1 - Whitten, Joseph A1 - Fisher, James P. A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Steele, James T1 - Non-local muscle fatigue effects on muscle strength, power, and endurance in healthy individuals BT - a systematic review with meta-analysis JF - Sports medicine : the world's premier sports medicine preview journal N2 - Background The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. Objective To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Search and Inclusion A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. Results The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q((277)) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I-2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. Conclusions Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3 SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 51 IS - 9 SP - 1893 EP - 1907 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ronkainen, Noora J. A1 - Pesola, Arto J. A1 - Tikkanen, Olli A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Continuity and discontinuity of sport and exercise type during the COVID-19 pandemic BT - An exploratory study of effects on mood JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Involvement in sport and exercise not only provides participants with health benefits but can be an important aspect of living a meaningful life. The COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary cessation of public life in March/April/May 2020 came with restrictions, which probably also made it difficult, if not impossible, to participate in certain types of sport or exercise. Following the philosophical position that different types of sport and exercise offer different ways of "relating to the world," this study explored (dis)continuity in the type of sport and exercise people practiced during the pandemic-related lockdown, and possible effects on mood. Data from a survey of 601 adult exercisers, collected shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland, were analyzed. Approximately one third (35%) of the participants changed their "worldmaking" and shifted to "I-Nature"-type activities. We observed worse mood during the pandemic in those who shifted from "I-Me," compared to those who had preferred the "I-Nature" relation already before the pandemic and thus experienced continuity. The clouded mood of those experiencing discontinuity may be the result of a temporary loss of "feeling at home" in their new exercise life-world. However, further empirical investigation must follow, because the observed effect sizes were small. KW - exercise behavior KW - being-in-the-world KW - lockdown KW - worldmaking KW - profile of KW - mood states KW - existential philosophy KW - affect Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622876 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Razaghi-Moghadam, Zahra A1 - Sokolowska, Ewelina A1 - Sowa, Marcin A. A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Combination of network and molecule structure accurately predicts competitive inhibitory interactions JF - Computational and structural biotechnology journal N2 - Mining of metabolite-protein interaction networks facilitates the identification of design principles underlying the regulation of different cellular processes. However, identification and characterization of the regulatory role that metabolites play in interactions with proteins on a genome-scale level remains a pressing task. Based on availability of high-quality metabolite-protein interaction networks and genome-scale metabolic networks, here we propose a supervised machine learning approach, called CIRI that determines whether or not a metabolite is involved in a competitive inhibitory regulatory interaction with an enzyme. First, we show that CIRI outperforms the naive approach based on a structural similarity threshold for a putative competitive inhibitor and the substrates of a metabolic reaction. We also validate the performance of CIRI on several unseen data sets and databases of metabolite-protein interactions not used in the training, and demonstrate that the classifier can be effectively used to predict competitive inhibitory interactions. Finally, we show that CIRI can be employed to refine predictions about metabolite-protein interactions from a recently proposed PROMIS approach that employs metabolomics and proteomics profiles from size exclusion chromatography in E. coli to predict metaboliteprotein interactions. Altogether, CIRI fills a gap in cataloguing metabolite-protein interactions and can be used in directing future machine learning efforts to categorize the regulatory type of these interactions. KW - Metabolite-protein interactions KW - Genome-scale metabolic models KW - Supervised machine learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.012 SN - 2001-0370 VL - 19 SP - 2170 EP - 2178 PB - Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology (RNCSB) CY - Gotenburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Campbell, Richard A1 - Kairaliyeva, Talmira A1 - Santer, Svetlana A1 - Schneck, Emanuel A1 - Miller, Reinhard T1 - Direct resolution of the interactions of a hydrocarbon gas with adsorbed surfactant monolayers at the water/air interface using neutron reflectometry JF - Colloids and interfaces N2 - We have directly resolved in the present work the interfacial composition during and after the interactions of a saturated atmosphere of oil vapor with soluble surfactant solutions at a planar water/air interface for the first time. Experiments were conducted on interactions of hexane vapor with solutions of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides and sodium dodecyl sulfate to observe the balance between cooperativity and competition of the components at the interface. In all cases, hexane adsorption was strongly enhanced by the presence of the surfactant, even at bulk surfactant concentrations four orders of magnitude below the critical micelle concentration. Cooperativity of the surfactant adsorption was observed only for sodium dodecyl sulfate at intermediate bulk concentrations, yet for all four systems, competition set in at higher concentrations, as hexane adsorption reduced the surfactant surface excess. The data fully supported the complete removal of hexane from the interface following venting of the system to remove the saturated atmosphere of oil vapor. These results help to identify future experiments that would elaborate and could explain the cooperativity of surfactant adsorption, such as on cationic surfactants with short alkyl chains and a broader series of anionic surfactants. This work holds relevance for oil recovery applications with foam, where there is a gas phase saturated with oil vapor. KW - surfactant adsorption KW - alkyltrimethylammonium bromides KW - sodium dodecyl sulfate KW - water/hexane vapor interface KW - neutron reflectometry KW - mixed adsorption layer KW - cooperative adsorption KW - competitive adsorption Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040068 SN - 2504-5377 VL - 6 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fuhrhop, Nanna A1 - Peters, Jörg T1 - Einführung in die Phonologie und Graphematik N2 - Phonologie, die Lehre von der lautlichen Organisation der Sprache, ist einer der zentralen Bereiche der Sprachwissenschaft. Auch das Schriftsystem, das Gegenstand der Graphematik ist, gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung für Forschung und Lehre. Dieser Band informiert über Form und Funktion der wichtigsten Einheiten des gesprochenen und geschriebenen Deutschen, von den Lauten und Buchstaben über Sprech- und Schreibsilben bis hin zu phonologischen und graphematischen Wörtern, phonologischen Äußerungen und graphematischen Sätzen. In zweifarbiger Gestaltung mit Definitionen, Beispielen, Grafiken und Aufgaben. – Die 2. Auflage wurde durchgängig aktualisiert und erweitert. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-476-05939-0 SN - 978-3-476-05940-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05940-6 PB - J.B. Metzler CY - Stuttgart ET - 2., aktualisierte und erweiterte ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shoghi, Sara A1 - Arslan, Seckin A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien A1 - Popov, Srdan T1 - Does a walk-through video help the parser down the garden-path? BT - a visually enhanced self-paced reading study in Dutch JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The human language processing mechanism assigns a structure to the incoming materials as they unfold. There is evidence that the parser prefers some attachment types over others; however, theories of sentence processing are still in dispute over the stage at which each source of information contributes to the parsing system. The present study aims to identify the nature of initial parsing decisions during sentence processing through manipulating attachment type and verbs' argument structure. To this end, we designed a self-paced reading task using globally ambiguous constructions in Dutch. The structures included double locative prepositional phrases (PPs) where the first PP could attach both to the verb (high attachment) and the noun preceding it (low attachment). To disambiguate the structures, we presented a visual context in the form of short animation clips prior to each reading task. Furthermore, we manipulated the argument structure of the sentences using 2- and 3-argument verbs. The results showed that parsing decisions were influenced by contextual cues depending on the argument structure of the verb. That is, the visual context overcame the preference for high attachment only in the case of 2-argument verbs, while this preference persisted in structures including 3-argument verbs as represented by longer reading times for the low attachment interpretations. These findings can be taken as evidence that our language processing system actively integrates information from linguistic and non-linguistic sources from the initial stages of analysis to build up meaning. We discuss our findings in light of serial and parallel models of sentence processing. KW - syntactic ambiguity resolution KW - self-paced reading KW - visual context KW - sentence processing KW - PP attachment KW - written language comprehension Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009265 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habel, Jan Christian A1 - Schmitt, Thomas A1 - Gros, Patrick A1 - Ulrich, Werner T1 - Breakpoints in butterfly decline in Central Europe over the last century JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Recent studies indicated severe decline of insect diversity and abundance across major parts of Central Europe. Theoretical studies showed that the drivers behind biodiversity loss vary considerably over time. However, these scenarios so far have been insufficiently approved by long-term and large-scale data. In this study we analysed the temporal trends of butterflies and Zygaenid moths across the federal state of Salzburg, northern Austria, from 1920 to 2019. Our study area covers a large variety of habitats and altitudes. Various changes of land use and intensification occurred during and shortly before our studied period, with a first wave of habitat destruction starting in the late 19th century, followed by the deterioration of habitat quality since the mid-20th century. We used 59,870 presence-only data of 168 butterfly and burnet moth species. Each of these species was classified according to ecological characteristics. Break point analyses for non-linear temporal trends in the community composition returned two major time windows. These time windows coincide with periods characterized by severe habitat destruction and the deterioration of habitat quality due to agricultural intensification. We found significant reductions of the proportion of species requiring specific habitats since 1920 and until today. We identified additional break points for species requiring high habitat qualities, endangered butterfly species, and sedentary species, particularly after a main break point in the 1960s. Our findings underline that, apart from habitat destruction, the deterioration of habitat quality is a main driver of biodiversity loss in general. Therefore, nature conservation should focus on maintaining the highest possible habitat quality. KW - biodiversity crisis KW - time series KW - species community assembly KW - species richness KW - relative abundance KW - trait assemblages KW - break points KW - multiple drivers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158315 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 851 IS - Part 2 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Görigk, Sarah A1 - Ouwens, D. Margriet A1 - Kuhn, Tanja A1 - Altenhofen, Delsi A1 - Binsch, Christian A1 - Damen, Mareike A1 - Khuong, Jenny Minh-An A1 - Kaiser, Katharina A1 - Knebel, Birgit A1 - Vogel, Heike A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Chadt, Alexandra A1 - Al-Hasani, Hadi T1 - Nudix hydrolase NUDT19 regulates mitochondrial function and ATP production in murine hepatocytes JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular and cell biology of lipids N2 - Changes in intracellular CoA levels are known to contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in human and rodents. However, the underlying genetic basis is still poorly understood. Due to their diverse susceptibility towards metabolic diseases, mouse inbred strains have been proven to serve as powerful tools for the identification of novel genetic factors that underlie the patho-physiology of NAFLD and diabetes. Transcriptome analysis of mouse liver samples revealed the nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X-type motif Nudt19 as novel candidate gene responsible for NAFLD and T2D development. Knockdown (KD) of Nudt19 increased mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production rates in Hepa 1-6 cells by 41% and 10%, respectively. The enforced utilization of glutamine or fatty acids as energy substrate reduced uncoupled respiration by 41% and 47%, respectively, in non-target (NT) siRNA transfected cells. This reduction was prevented upon Nudt19 KD. Furthermore, incubation with palmitate or oleate respectively increased mitochondrial ATP production by 31% and 20%, and uncoupled respiration by 23% and 30% in Nudt19 KD cells, but not in NT cells. The enhanced fatty acid oxidation in Nudt19 KD cells was accompanied by a 1.3-fold increased abundance of Pdk4. This study is the first to describe Nudt19 as regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and potential mediator of NAFLD and T2D development. KW - Nudt19 KW - lipid metabolism KW - mitochondrial function KW - liver metabolism Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159153 SN - 1388-1981 SN - 1879-2618 VL - 1867 IS - 6 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feng, Yiqing A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Arenz, Christoph A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Structure and interaction of ceramide-containing liposomes with gold nanoparticles as characterized by SERS and Cryo-EM JF - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces N2 - Due to the great potential of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as local vibrational probe of lipid-nanostructure interaction in lipid bilayers, it is important to characterize these interactions in detail. The interpretation of SERS data of lipids in living cells requires an understanding of how the molecules interact with gold nanostructures and how intermolecular interactions influence the proximity and contact between lipids and nanoparticles. Ceramide, a sphingolipid that acts as important structural component and regulator of biological function, therefore of interest to probing, lacks a phosphocholine head group that is common to many lipids used in liposome models. SERS spectra of liposomes of a mixture of ceramide, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylcholine, as well as of pure ceramide and of the phospholipid mixture are reported. Distinct groups of SERS spectra represent varied contributions of the choline, sphingosine, and phosphate head groups and the structures of the acyl chains. Spectral bands related to the state of order of the membrane and moreover to the amide function of the sphingosine head groups indicate that the gold nanoparticles interact with molecules involved in different intermolecular relations. While cryogenic electron microscopy shows the formation of bilayer liposomes in all preparations, pure ceramide was found to also form supramolecular, concentric stacked and densely packed lamellar, nonliposomal structures. That the formation of such supramolecular assemblies supports the intermolecular interactions of ceramide is indicated by the SERS data. The unique spectral features that are assigned to the ceramide-containing lipid model systems here enable an identification of these molecules in biological systems and allow us to obtain information on their structure and interaction by SERS. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01930 SN - 1932-7447 SN - 1932-7455 VL - 126 IS - 31 SP - 13237 EP - 13246 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knapp, Nikolai A1 - Attinger, Sabine A1 - Huth, Andreas T1 - A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Describing the heterogeneous structure of forests is often challenging. One possibility is to analyze forest biomass in different plots and to derive plot-based frequency distributions. However, these frequency distributions depend on the plot size and thus are scale dependent. This study provides insights about transferring them between scales. Understanding the effects of scale on distributions of biomass is particularly important for comparing information from different sources such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling, all of which can operate at different spatial resolutions. Reliable methods to compare results of vegetation models at a grid scale with field data collected at smaller scales are still missing. The scaling of biomass and variables, which determine the forest biomass, was investigated for a tropical forest in Panama. Based on field inventory data from Barro Colorado Island, spanning 50 ha over 30 years, the distributions of aboveground biomass, biomass gain and mortality were derived at different spatial resolutions, ranging from 10 to 100 m. Methods for fitting parametric distribution functions were compared. Further, it was tested under which assumptions about the distributions a simple stochastic simulation forest model could best reproduce observed biomass distributions at all scales. Also, an analytical forest model for calculating biomass distributions at equilibrium and assuming mortality as a white shot noise process was tested. Scaling exponents of about 0.47 were found for the standard deviations of the biomass and gain distributions, while mortality showed a different scaling relationship with an exponent of 0.3. Lognormal and gamma distribution functions fitted with the moment matching estimation method allowed for consistent parameter transfers between scales. Both forest models (stochastic simulation and analytical solution) were able to reproduce observed biomass distributions across scales, when combined with the derived scaling relationships. The study demonstrates a way of how to approach the scaling problem in model-data comparisons by providing a transfer relationship. Further research is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms that shape the frequency distributions at the different scales. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 19 IS - 20 SP - 4929 EP - 4944 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petersen, Gesa Maria A1 - Niemz, Peter A1 - Cesca, Simone A1 - Mouslopoulou, Vasiliki A1 - Bocchini, Gian Maria T1 - Clusty, the waveform-based network similarity clustering toolbox BT - concept and application to image complex faulting offshore Zakynthos (Greece) JF - Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society N2 - Clusty is a new open source toolbox dedicated to earthquake clustering based on waveforms recorded across a network of seismic stations. Its main application is the study of active faults and the detection and characterization of faults and fault networks. By using a density-based clustering approach, earthquakes pertaining to a common fault can be recognized even over long fault segments, and the first-order geometry and extent of active faults can be inferred. Clusty implements multiple techniques to compute a waveform based network similarity from maximum cross-correlation coefficients at multiple stations. The clustering procedure is designed to be transparent and parameters can be easily tuned. It is supported by a number of analysis visualization tools which help to assess the homogeneity within each cluster and the differences among distinct clusters. The toolbox returns graphical representations of the results. A list of representative events and stacked waveforms facilitate further analyses like moment tensor inversion. Results obtained in various frequency bands can be combined to account for large magnitude ranges. Thanks to the simple configuration, the toolbox is easily adaptable to new data sets and to large magnitude ranges. To show the potential of our new toolbox, we apply Clusty to the aftershock sequence of the M-w 6.9 25 October 2018 Zakynthos (Greece) Earthquake. Thanks to the complex tectonic setting at the western termination of the Hellenic Subduction System where multiple faults and faulting styles operate simultaneously, the Zakynthos data set provides an ideal case-study for our clustering analysis toolbox. Our results support the activation of several faults and provide insight into the geometry of faults or fault segments. We identify two large thrust faulting clusters in the vicinity of the main shock and multiple strike-slip clusters to the east, west and south of these clusters. Despite its location within the largest thrust cluster, the main shock does not show a high waveform similarity to any of the clusters. This is consistent with the results of other studies suggesting a complex failure mechanism for the main shock. We propose the existence of conjugated strike-slip faults in the south of the study area. Our waveform similarity based clustering toolbox is able to reveal distinct event clusters which cannot be discriminated based on locations and/or timing only. Additionally, the clustering results allows distinction between fault and auxiliary planes of focal mechanisms and to associate them to known active faults. KW - Persistence KW - memory KW - correlations KW - clustering KW - Seismicity and tectonics KW - Fractures KW - faults KW - high strain deformation zones Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa568 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 224 IS - 3 SP - 2044 EP - 2059 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Serrano-Munoz, Itziar A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Kromm, Arne A1 - Hofmann, Michael A1 - Wimpory, Robert C. A1 - Evans, Alexander A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Scanning manufacturing parameters determining the residual stress state in LPBF IN718 small parts JF - Advanced engineering materials N2 - The influence of scan strategy on the residual stress (RS) state of an as-built IN718 alloy produced by means of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated. Two scan vector rotations (90 degrees-alternation and 67 degrees-rotation), each produced following two different scan vector lengths (long and short), are used to manufacture four rectangular prisms. Neutron diffraction (ND) and laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are used to map the bulk and surface RS state, respectively. The distortion induced upon removal from the baseplate is measured via profilometry. XRD measurements show that the two long scan vector strategies lead to higher RS when compared with the equivalent short scan vector strategies. Also, the 67 degrees-rotation strategies generate lower RS than their 90 degrees-alternation counterparts. Due to the lack of reliable stress-free d0 references, the ND results are analyzed using von Mises stress. In general, ND results show significant RS spatial non-uniformity. A comparison between ND and distortion results indicates that the RS component parallel to the building direction (Z-axis) has a predominant role in the Z-displacement. The use of a stress balance scheme allows to discuss the d0 variability along the length of the specimens, as well as examine the absolute RS state. KW - AM as-built IN718 alloy KW - distortion upon baseplate removal KW - laser powder KW - bed fusion technique KW - neutron diffraction KW - residual stress state KW - influence of scan strategy KW - stress balance conditions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100158 SN - 1438-1656 SN - 1527-2648 VL - 23 IS - 7 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dey, Saptarshi A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Thiede, Rasmus C. A1 - Wittmann, Hella A1 - Chauhan, Naveen A1 - Jain, Vikrant A1 - Strecker, Manfred R. T1 - Impact of Late Pleistocene climate variability on paleo-erosion rates in the western Himalaya JF - Earth and planetary science letters N2 - It has been proposed that at short timescales of 10(2)-10(5) yr, climatic variability can explain variations in sediment flux, but in orogens with pronounced climatic gradients rate changes caused by the oscillating efficiency in rainfall, runoff, and/or sediment transport and deposition are still not well-constrained. To explore landscape responses under variable climatic forcing, we evaluate time windows of prevailing sediment aggradation and related paleo-erosion rates from the southern flanks of the Dhauladhar Range in the western Himalaya. We compare past and present Be-10-derived erosion rates of well-dated Late Pleistocene fluvial landforms and modern river sediments and reconstruct the sediment aggradation and incision history based on new luminescence data. Our results document significant variations in erosion rates ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 mm/yr over the Late Pleistocene. We find that, during times of weak monsoon intensity, the moderately steep areas (hillslope angles of 27 +/- 13 degrees) erode at lower rates of 0.1-0.4 mm/yr compared to steeper (>40 degrees) crestal regions of the Dhauladhar Range that erode at 0.8-1.3 mm/yr. In contrast, during several millennia of stronger monsoon intensity, both the moderately steep and high slope areas record higher erosion rates (>1-3.4 mm/yr). Lithological clast-count analysis shows that this increase of erosion is focused in the moderately steep areas, where Lesser Himalayan rocks are exposed. Our data thus highlight the highly non-linear response of climatic forcing on landscape evolution and suggest complex depositional processes and sedimentary signals in downstream areas. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - erosion KW - cosmogenic nuclides KW - luminescence dating KW - Indian summer monsoon KW - Himalaya Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117326 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 578 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bicer, Enis A1 - Brink, Lina A1 - Camacho, Alejandra Nieves ED - Chiluwa, Innocent T1 - The construction of threat of "Islamist Terrorism" in German newspapers T2 - Discourse, media, and conflict: examining war and resolution in the news N2 - Media discourse about Islamist terrorism can be understood as an important source for the construction of meaning and reality. This chapter aims to explore the different meanings of threat constituted by the media discourse about Islamist terrorism. Additionally, it seeks to shed light on the role of anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism in the discursive construction of meaning and knowledge. Therefore, this study examines the discourse on three terrorist events from the years 2015 and 2016 gathered from four major German newspapers. By applying the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD), the findings reveal three interpretive schemes about threats associated with Islamist terrorism and their different references to anti-Muslim stereotypes and racism. KW - Discourse analysis KW - sociology of knowledge approach to discourse KW - Islamist terrorism KW - threat KW - anti-Muslim racism KW - construction of meaning KW - media coverage Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-316-51340-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009064057.004 SP - 47 EP - 68 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leidig, Tatjana A1 - Casale, Gino A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen A1 - Hennemann, Thomas A1 - Volpe, Robert J. A1 - Briesch, Amy A1 - Grosche, Michael T1 - Individual, generalized, and moderated effects of the good behavior game on at-risk primary school students BT - a multilevel multiple baseline study using behavioral progress monitoring JF - Frontiers in Education N2 - The current study examined the impact of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on the academic engagement (AE) and disruptive behavior (DB) of at-risk students' in a German inclusive primary school sample using behavioral progress monitoring. A multiple baseline design across participants was employed to evaluate the effects of the GBG on 35 primary school students in seven classrooms from grade 1 to 3 (M-age = 8.01 years, SDage = 0.81 years). The implementation of the GBG was randomly staggered by 2 weeks across classrooms. Teacher-completed Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) was applied to measure AE and DB. We used piecewise regression and a multilevel extension to estimate the individual case-specific treatment effects as well as the generalized effects across cases. Piecewise regressions for each case showed significant immediate treatment effects for the majority of participants (82.86%) for one or both outcome measures. The multilevel approach revealed that the GBG improved at-risk students' classroom behaviors generally with a significant immediate treatment effect across cases (for AE, B = 0.74, p < 0.001; for DB, B = -1.29, p < 0.001). The moderation between intervention effectiveness and teacher ratings of students' risks for externalizing psychosocial problems was significant for DB (B = -0.07, p = 0.047) but not for AE. Findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that the GBG is an appropriate classroom-based intervention for at-risk students and expand the literature regarding differential effects for affected students. In addition, the study supports the relevance of behavioral progress monitoring and data-based decision-making in inclusive schools in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the GBG and, if necessary, to modify the intervention for individual students or the whole group. KW - classroom behavior KW - good behavior game KW - multilevel analysis KW - piecewise regression KW - single case design Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.917138 SN - 2504-284X VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Figge, Frank A1 - Dimitrov, Stanko A1 - Schlosser, Rainer A1 - Chenavaz, Regis T1 - Does the circular economy fuel the throwaway society? The role of opportunity costs for products that lose value over time JF - Journal of cleaner production N2 - The efficient use of natural resources is considered a necessary condition for their sustainable use. Extending the lifetime of products and using resources circularly are two popular strategies to increase the efficiency of resource use. Both strategies are usually assumed to contribute to the eco-efficiency of resource use independently. We argue that a move to a circular economy creates opportunity costs for consumers holding on to their products, due to the resource embedded in the product. Assuming rational consumers, we develop a model that determines optimal replacement times for products subject to minimizing average costs over time. We find that in a perfectly circular economy, consumers are incentivized to discard their products more quickly than in a perfectly linear economy. A direct consequence of our finding is that extending product use is in direct conflict with closing resource loops in the circular economy. We identify the salvage value of discarded products and technical progress as two factors that determine the impact that closing resource loops has on the duration of product use. The article highlights the risk that closing resource loops and moving to a more circular economy incentivizes more unsustainable behavior. KW - circular economy KW - opportunity cost KW - eco-efficiency KW - obsolescence KW - economic obsolescence Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133207 SN - 0959-6526 SN - 1879-1786 VL - 368 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikolenko, Anna M. M. A1 - Stepanov, Konstantin M. M. A1 - Roddatis, Vladimir A1 - Veksler, Ilya V. V. T1 - Crystallization of bastnasite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at 100 MPa JF - American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials N2 - Bastnsite [REE(CO3)F] is the main mineral of REE ore deposits in carbonatites. Synthetic bastnsite-like compounds were precipitated from aqueous solutions by many different methods, but previous attempts to model magmatic crystallization of bastnsite from hydrous calciocarbonatite melts were unsuccessful. Here we present the first experimental evidence that bastnsite and two other REE carbonates, burbankite, and lukechangite, can crystallize from carbonatite melt in the synthetic system La(CO3)F-CaCO3-Na2CO3 at temperatures between 580 and 850 degrees C and a pressure 100 MPa. The experiments on starting mixtures of reagent-grade CaCO3, Na2CO3, La-2(CO3)(3), and LaF3 were carried out in cold-seal rapid-quench pressure vessels. The studied system is an isobaric pseudoternary join of a quinary system where CO2 and fluorides act as independent components. Liquidus phases in the run products are calcite, nyerereite, Na carbonate, bastnsite, burbankite solid solution (Na,Ca)(3)(Ca,La)(3)(CO3)(5), and lukechangite Na3La2(CO3)(4)F. Calcite and bastnite form a eutectic in the boundary join La(CO3)F-CaCO3 at 780 +/- 20 degrees C and 58 wt% La(CO3)F. Phase equilibria in the boundary join La(CO3)F-Na2CO3 are complicated by peritectic reaction between Ca-free end-member of burbankite solid solution petersenite (Pet) and lukechangite (Luk) with liquid (L): Na4La2(CO3)(5) (Pet) + NaF (L) = Na3La2(CO3)(4)F (Luk) + Na2CO3 (Nc). The right-hand-side assemblage becomes stable below 600 +/- 20 degrees C. In ternary mixtures, bastnsite (Bst), burbankite (Bur), and calcite (Cc) are involved in another peritectic reaction: 2La(CO3)F (Bst) + CaCO3 (Cc) + 2Na(2)CO(3) (L) = Na2CaLa2(CO3)(5) (Bur) + 2NaF (L). Burbankite in equilibrium with calcite replaces bastnsite below 730 +/- 20 degrees C. Stable solidus assemblages in the pseudoternary system are: basnsite-burbankite-fluorite-calcite, basnasite-burbankite-fluorite-lukechangite, bastnsite-burbankite-lukechangite, burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereitecalcite, and burbankite-lukechangite-nyerereite-natrite. Addition of 10 wt% Ca-3(PO4)(2) to one of the ternary mixtures resulted in massive crystallization of La-bearing apatite and monazite and complete disappearance of bastnsite and burbankite. Our results confirm that REE-bearing phosphates are much more stable than carbonates and fluorocarbonates. Therefore, primary crystallization of the latter from common carbonatite magmas is unlikely. Possible exceptions are carbonatites at Mountain Pass that are characterized by very low P2O5 concentrations (usually at or below 0.5 wt%) and extremely high REE contents in the order of a few weight percent or more. In other carbonatites, bastnsite and burbankite probably crystallized from highly concentrated alkaline carbonate-chloride brines that were found in melt inclusions and are thought to be responsible for widespread fenitization around carbonatite bodies. KW - experimental petrology KW - carbonatite melts KW - REE ore deposits KW - Mountain Pass KW - Bayan Obo Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8064 SN - 0003-004X SN - 1945-3027 VL - 107 IS - 12 SP - 2242 EP - 2250 PB - Mineralogical Society of America CY - Washington, D.C. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - The buffering effect of parent social support in the longitudinal associations between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes JF - Social psychology of education : an international journal N2 - Objective: Little attention has been given to the relationship between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes (e.g., classroom misconduct, school readiness, academic performance, absenteeism, school behavioral problems), and the factors, such as parent social support, that buffer against the negative outcomes associated with experiencing multiple forms of victimization. Addressing gaps in the literature by including a longitudinal design and objective assessments of academic outcomes, the present study examined the moderating effect of parent social support in the association between cyber polyvictimization and academic outcomes over one and a half years later. Method: Participants were 371 8th graders (50% female) from middle schools in the United States, who completed questionnaires on offline and cyber polyvictimization and parent social support during the 7th grade. Teachers completed questionnaires on students' classroom misconduct and school readiness during 7th and 8th grade. School records were used to determine absenteeism, academic performance, and school behavioral problems (i.e., referrals, in-school suspension, out-of-school suspension) during 7th and 8th grade. Results: Findings revealed that 7th grade cyber polyvictimization was related positively to 8th grade classroom misconduct, absenteeism, and school behavioral problems, while it was negatively associated with 8th grade academic performance and school readiness. Parent social support moderated the associations between cyber polyvictimization and school readiness, academic performance, and absenteeism. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of intervening in adolescents' experience of cyber polyvictimization to reduce negative academic outcomes. KW - Cyber victimization KW - Academic performance KW - Absenteeism KW - Classroom KW - misconduct KW - Parental social Support Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09647-6 SN - 1381-2890 SN - 1573-1928 VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 1145 EP - 1161 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balcerek, Michal A1 - Burnecki, Krzysztof A1 - Thapa, Samudrajit A1 - Wylomanska, Agnieszka A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei T1 - Fractional Brownian motion with random Hurst exponent BT - accelerating diffusion and persistence transitions JF - Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science N2 - Fractional Brownian motion, a Gaussian non-Markovian self-similar process with stationary long-correlated increments, has been identified to give rise to the anomalous diffusion behavior in a great variety of physical systems. The correlation and diffusion properties of this random motion are fully characterized by its index of self-similarity or the Hurst exponent. However, recent single-particle tracking experiments in biological cells revealed highly complicated anomalous diffusion phenomena that cannot be attributed to a class of self-similar random processes. Inspired by these observations, we here study the process that preserves the properties of the fractional Brownian motion at a single trajectory level; however, the Hurst index randomly changes from trajectory to trajectory. We provide a general mathematical framework for analytical, numerical, and statistical analysis of the fractional Brownian motion with the random Hurst exponent. The explicit formulas for probability density function, mean-squared displacement, and autocovariance function of the increments are presented for three generic distributions of the Hurst exponent, namely, two-point, uniform, and beta distributions. The important features of the process studied here are accelerating diffusion and persistence transition, which we demonstrate analytically and numerically. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101913 SN - 1054-1500 SN - 1089-7682 VL - 32 IS - 9 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilienkamp, Henning A1 - Lilienkamp, Thomas T1 - Detecting spiral wave tips using deep learning JF - Scientific reports N2 - The chaotic spatio-temporal electrical activity during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation is governed by the dynamics of vortex-like spiral or scroll waves. The organizing centers of these waves are called wave tips (2D) or filaments (3D) and they play a key role in understanding and controlling the complex and chaotic electrical dynamics. Therefore, in many experimental and numerical setups it is required to detect the tips of the observed spiral waves. Most of the currently used methods significantly suffer from the influence of noise and are often adjusted to a specific situation (e.g. a specific numerical cardiac cell model). In this study, we use a specific type of deep neural networks (UNet), for detecting spiral wave tips and show that this approach is robust against the influence of intermediate noise levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that if the UNet is trained with a pool of numerical cell models, spiral wave tips in unknown cell models can also be detected reliably, suggesting that the UNet can in some sense learn the concept of spiral wave tips in a general way, and thus could also be used in experimental situations in the future (ex-vivo, cell-culture or optogenetic experiments). Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99069-3 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kawasaki, Yui A1 - Akamatsu, Rie A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko A1 - Omori, Mika A1 - Sugawara, Masumi A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki T1 - Association of healthy eating literacy and resident status with energy, nutrients, and food consumption among lean and normal-weight female university students JF - Clinical Nutrition ESPEN N2 - Background & aims: This study aimed to describe the association of healthy eating literacy (HEL) with energy, nutrients, and food consumption in young women who had normal and lean weight at a Japanese university, considering their resident status. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Ochanomizu Health Study were used in this study. Participants answered a self-administered, two-part, anonymous survey in 2018 and 2019. A total of 203 female undergraduate students with lean and normal body mass index (BMI) were included in the analysis. Single and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of HEL and resident status with healthy food consumption, such as vegetables, fish, and shellfish. The dependent variables were HEL and resident status, and the covariates were age, BMI, and the total metabolic equivalents. Results: The median (25th and 75th percentiles) age, BMI, and total HEL score were 20 (19, 21) years, 20.2 (18.9, 21.3) kg/m 2, and 18 (16, 20), respectively. Resident status and HEL were independently associated with vegetables, fish, and shellfish intake. Participants who had higher total HEL scores and lived in their family home consumed significantly more vegetables (b = 0.17 and-0.34, p < 0.05) and fish and shellfish (b = 0.24,-0.28, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the association between HEL and dietary consumption in young women with normal and lean BMI. KW - healthy eating literacy KW - dietary intake KW - living alone KW - vegetables KW - Fish KW - undergraduate students Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.007 SN - 2405-4577 VL - 51 SP - 419 EP - 423 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fornieri, Ottavio A1 - Zhang, Heshou T1 - MHD decomposition explains diffuse 𝛾-ray emission in Cygnus X JF - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology N2 - Cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion is the result of the interaction of such charged particles against magnetic fluctuations. These fluctuations originate from large-scale turbulence cascading toward smaller spatial scales, decomposed into three different modes, as described by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. As a consequence, the description of particle diffusion strongly depends on the model describing the injected turbulence. Moreover, the amount of energy assigned to each of the three modes is, in general, not equally divided, which implies that diffusion properties might be different from one region to another. Here, motivated by the detection of different MHD modes inside the Cygnus-X star-forming region, we study the 3D transport of CRs injected by two prominent sources within a two-zone model that represents the distribution of the modes. Then, by convolving the propagated CR distribution with the neutral gas, we are able to explain the 𝛾-ray diffuse emission in the region, observed by the Fermi-LAT and HAWC Collaborations. Such a result represents an important step in the long-standing problem of connecting the CR observables with the microphysics of particle transport. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.103015 SN - 2470-0010 SN - 2470-0029 SN - 2470-0037 VL - 106 IS - 10 PB - American Physical Society CY - Ridge, NY ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Heuberger, Moritz A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul ED - Fleischer, Julia ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine T1 - Kommunale Handlungsfähigkeit im europäischen Vergleich BT - Autonomie, Aufgaben und Reformen T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Die Rolle von Kommunen wird in diesem Buch einem europäischen Vergleich unterzogen. Dabei werden Kategorien wie kommunale Autonomie, Aufgabenprofile, territoriale und politische sowie finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen miteinander verglichen. Auch vergangene und bestehende Reformtrends und -diskurse werden beschrieben und eingeordnet. Die Studie ist eine umfassende Sekundäranalyse und bereitet aktuelle Zahlen aus verschiedenen Quellen auf. Durchgeführt wurde sie von einem Team um Prof. Sabine Kuhlmann vom Lehrstuhl für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltung und Organisation an der Universität Potsdam. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 197 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563303 SN - 978-3-7489-2330-5 SN - 978-3-8487-7946-8 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 197 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gleich, Tobias A1 - Spitta, Gianna A1 - Butler, Oisin A1 - Zacharias, Kristin A1 - Aydin, Semiha A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Schubert, Florian A1 - Buchert, Ralph A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Gallinat, Jürgen T1 - Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk BT - Towards a dimensional approach T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 849 KW - alcohol KW - D2/3 receptors KW - dependence KW - dopamine KW - high risk KW - PET Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549098 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 849 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Codeço, Marta S. A1 - Weis, Philipp A1 - Trumbull, Robert B. A1 - Van Hinsberg, Vincent A1 - Pinto, Filipe A1 - Lecumberri-Sanchez, Pilar A1 - Schleicher, Anja M. T1 - The imprint of hydrothermal fluids on trace-element contents in white mica and tourmaline from the Panasqueira W–Sn–Cu deposit, Portugal T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - White mica and tourmaline are the dominant hydrothermal alteration minerals at the world-class Panasqueira W-Sn-Cu deposit in Portugal. Thus, understanding the controls on their chemical composition helps to constrain ore formation processes at this deposit and determine their usefulness as pathfinder minerals for mineralization in general. We combine whole-rock geochemistry of altered and unaltered metasedimentary host rocks with in situ LA-ICP-MS measurements of tourmaline and white mica from the alteration halo. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to better identify geochemical patterns and trends of hydrothermal alteration in the datasets. The hydrothermally altered metasediments are enriched in As, Sn, Cs, Li, W, F, Cu, Rb, Zn, Tl, and Pb relative to unaltered samples. In situ mineral analyses show that most of these elements preferentially partition into white mica over tourmaline (Li, Rb, Cs, Tl, W, and Sn), whereas Zn is enriched in tourmaline. White mica has distinct compositions in different settings within the deposit (greisen, vein selvages, wall rock alteration zone, late fault zone), indicating a compositional evolution with time. In contrast, tourmaline from different settings overlaps in composition, which is ascribed to a stronger dependence on host rock composition and also to the effects of chemical zoning and microinclusions affecting the LA-ICP-MS analyses. Hence, in this deposit, white mica is the better recorder of the fluid composition. The calculated trace-element contents of the Panasqueira mineralizing fluid based on the mica data and estimates of mica-fluid partition coefficients are in good agreement with previous fluid-inclusion analyses. A compilation of mica and tourmaline trace-element compositions from Panasqueira and other W-Sn deposits shows that white mica has good potential as a pathfinder mineral, with characteristically high Li, Cs, Rb, Sn, and W contents. The trace-element contents of hydrothermal tourmaline are more variable. Nevertheless, the compiled data suggest that high Sn and Li contents are distinctive for tourmaline from W-Sn deposits. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1342 KW - alteration geochemistry KW - tourmaline KW - white mica KW - Panasqueira KW - Tungsten–tin deposits KW - magmatic-hydrothermal systems KW - trace elements Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519403 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1342 SP - 481 EP - 508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. A1 - Gorka, Michal A1 - Schulz, Karina A1 - Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine A1 - Sampathkumar, Arun A1 - Skirycz, Aleksandra A1 - Vierstra, Richard D. A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - Selective autophagy regulates heat stress memory in Arabidopsis by NBR1-mediated targeting of HSP90.1 and ROF1 T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In nature, plants are constantly exposed to many transient, but recurring, stresses. Thus, to complete their life cycles, plants require a dynamic balance between capacities to recover following cessation of stress and maintenance of stress memory. Recently, we uncovered a new functional role for macroautophagy/autophagy in regulating recovery from heat stress (HS) and resetting cellular memory of HS inArabidopsis thaliana. Here, we demonstrated that NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1) plays a crucial role as a receptor for selective autophagy during recovery from HS. Immunoblot analysis and confocal microscopy revealed that levels of the NBR1 protein, NBR1-labeled puncta, and NBR1 activity are all higher during the HS recovery phase than before. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of proteins interacting with NBR1 and comparative proteomic analysis of annbr1-null mutant and wild-type plants identified 58 proteins as potential novel targets of NBR1. Cellular, biochemical and functional genetic studies confirmed that NBR1 interacts with HSP90.1 (heat shock protein 90.1) and ROF1 (rotamase FKBP 1), a member of the FKBP family, and mediates their degradation by autophagy, which represses the response to HS by attenuating the expression ofHSPgenes regulated by the HSFA2 transcription factor. Accordingly, loss-of-function mutation ofNBR1resulted in a stronger HS memory phenotype. Together, our results provide new insights into the mechanistic principles by which autophagy regulates plant response to recurrent HS. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1343 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSP90.1 KW - NBR1 KW - ROF1 KW - selective autophagy KW - stress memory KW - stress recovery Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-538186 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1343 SP - 2184 EP - 2199 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tran, Quan Hong A1 - Bui, Ngoc Hong A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Dau, Nga Thi Ngoc A1 - Nguyen, Loan Thi A1 - Tran, Thuy Thi A1 - Khanh, Tran Dang A1 - Trung, Khuat Huu A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Vi, Son Lang T1 - Mapping-by-sequencing via MutMap identifies a mutation in ZmCLE7 underlying fasciation in a newly developed EMS mutant population in an elite tropical maize inbred T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Induced point mutations are important genetic resources for their ability to create hypo- and hypermorphic alleles that are useful for understanding gene functions and breeding. However, such mutant populations have only been developed for a few temperate maize varieties, mainly B73 and W22, yet no tropical maize inbred lines have been mutagenized and made available to the public to date. We developed a novel Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation resource in maize comprising 2050 independent M2 mutant families in the elite tropical maize inbred ML10. By phenotypic screening, we showed that this population is of comparable quality with other mutagenized populations in maize. To illustrate the usefulness of this population for gene discovery, we performed rapid mapping-by-sequencing to clone a fasciated-ear mutant and identify a causal promoter deletion in ZmCLE7 (CLE7). Our mapping procedure does not require crossing to an unrelated parent, thus is suitable for mapping subtle traits and ones affected by heterosis. This first EMS population in tropical maize is expected to be very useful for the maize research community. Also, the EMS mutagenesis and rapid mapping-by-sequencing pipeline described here illustrate the power of performing forward genetics in diverse maize germplasms of choice, which can lead to novel gene discovery due to divergent genetic backgrounds. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1401 KW - EMS KW - MutMap KW - mutagenesis KW - CLE7 KW - tropical maize KW - fasciation KW - mapping Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515677 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Skiba, Vanessa T1 - Alpine speleothems as recorders of glacier evolution T1 - Alpine Speläotheme als Archive für Gletscherentwicklung N2 - The European Alps are amongst the regions with highest glacier mass loss rates over the last decades. Under the threat of ongoing climate change, the ability to predict glacier mass balance changes for water and risk management purposes has become imperative. This raises an urgent need for reliable glacier models. The European Alps do not only host glaciers, but also numerous caves containing carbonate formations, called speleothems. Previous studies have shown that those speleothems also grew during times when the cave was covered by a warm-based glacier. In this thesis, I utilise speleothems from the European Alps as archives of local, environmental conditions related to mountain glacier evolution. Previous studies have shown that speleothem isotope data from the Alps can be strongly affected by in-cave processes. Therefore, part of this thesis focusses on developing an isotope evolution model, which successfully reproduces differences between contemporaneous growing speleothems. The model is used to propose correction approaches for prior calcite precipitation effects on speleothem oxygen isotopes (δ18O). Applications on speleothem records from caves outside of the Alps demonstrate that corrected δ18O agrees better with other records and climate model simulations. Existing speleothem growth histories and carbon isotope (δ13C) records from Alpine caves located at different elevations are used to infer soil vs. glacier cover and the thermal regime of the glacier over the last glacial cycle. The compatibility with glacier evolution models is statistically assessed. A general agreement between speleothem δ13C-derived information on soil vs. glacier presence and modelled glacier coverage is found. However, glacier retreat during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 seems to be underestimated by the model. Furthermore, speleothem data provides evidence of surface temperature above the freezing point which is, however, not fully reproduced by the simulations. History of glacier cover and their thermal regime is explored for the high-elevation cave system Melchsee-Frutt in the Swiss Alps. Based on new (MIS 9b – MIS 7b, MIS 2) and available speleothem δ13C (MIS 7a – 5d) data, warm-based glacier cover is inferred for MIS 8, 7d, 6, and 2. Also a short period of cold-based ice coverage is found for early MIS 6. In a detailed multi-proxy analysis (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca), millennial-scale changes in the glacier-related source of the water infiltrating in the karst during MIS 8 and 7d are found and linked to Northern Hemisphere climate variability. While speleothem records from high-elevation cave sites in the Alps exhibit huge potential for glacier reconstruction, several limitations remain, which are discussed throughout this thesis. Ultimately, recommendations are given to further leverage subglacial speleothems as an archive of glacier dynamics. N2 - Die europäischen Alpen gehören zu den Regionen mit den höchsten Massenverlusten von Gletschern innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte. Angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels ist die Vorhersage von Veränderungen in der Gletschermassenbilanz für das Wasser- und Risikomanagement unerlässlich geworden. Dafür werden zuverlässige Gletschermodelle dringend benötigt. Die europäischen Alpen beherbergen nicht nur Gletscher, sondern auch zahlreiche Höhlen inklusive Karbonatformationen, so genannte Speläotheme. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass diese Speläotheme auch zu Zeiten entstanden sind, als die Höhle von einem Gletscher mit warmem Eis an der Basis bedeckt war. In dieser Dissertation verwende ich Speläotheme aus den europäischen Alpen als Archive für lokale Bedingungen im Zusammenhang mit der Evolution von Gebirgsgletschern. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Isotopenzusammensetzung von Speläothemen aus den Alpen stark durch höhleninterne Prozesse beeinflusst werden können. Daher konzentriert sich ein Teil dieser Arbeit auf die Entwicklung eines Isotopenmodells, welches die Unterschiede zwischen gleichzeitig wachsenden Speläothemen erfolgreich reproduziert. Das Modell wird verwendet um Korrekturen der Auswirkungen solcher höhleninternen Prozesse auf die Sauerstoffisotope (δ18O) von Speläothemen vorzuschlagen. Die Anwendung auf Speläotheme aus Höhlen außerhalb der Alpen zeigt, dass das korrigierte δ18O besser mit anderen Datensätzen und Klimamodellsimulationen übereinstimmt. Bestehende Daten über die Wachstumsphasen von Speläothemen und die Kohlenstoffisotope (δ13C) von Höhlen der Alpen aus verschiedenen Höhenlagen werden verwendet, um Rückschlüsse auf die Gletscherbedeckung und deren thermisches Regime während der letzten Eiszeit zu ziehen. Die Kompatibilität mit Modellen der zeitlichen Gletscherentwicklung wird statistisch bewertet. Es zeigt sich eine allgemeine Übereinstimmung zwischen dem aus den Speläothemen δ13C abgeleiteten Auftreten von Gletschern und der modellierten Gletscherbedeckung. Jedoch scheint der Gletscherrückgang während dem Isotopenstadium (MIS) 3 vom Modell unterschätzt zu werden. Darüber hinaus liefern die Speläothem Daten einen Hinweis auf Oberflächentemperaturen oberhalb des Gefrierpunkts, die von den Simulationen jedoch nicht vollständig wiedergegeben werden. Die Geschichte der Gletscherbedeckung und des thermischen Regimes der Gletscher wird für das hochgelegene Höhlensystem Melchsee-Frutt in den Schweizer Alpen genauer untersucht. Auf der Grundlage neuer (MIS 9b - MIS 7b, MIS 2) und verfügbarer δ13C Daten (MIS 7a - 5d) wird für MIS 8, 7d, 6 und 2 auf Gletscherbedeckung mit warmem Eis an der Basis an diesem Standort geschlossen. Es gibt außerdem Hinweise auf eine kurze Periode einer Eisbedeckung mit kaltem Eis während einer tausendjährigen Kälteperiode im vorletzten Glazial. In einer detaillierten Multi-Proxy-Analyse (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca und Sr/Ca) werden tausendjährige Schwankungen der gletscherabhängigen Quelle des in den Karst infiltrierenden Wassers während MIS 8 und 7d rekonstruiert und in Verbindung mit Klimavariabilität in der Nordhemisphäre gebracht. Obwohl Speläothem-Daten aus hochgelegenen Höhlen in den Alpen ein enormes Potenzial für Gletscherrekonstruktion aufweisen, gibt es noch immer Einschränkungen, die in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls diskutiert werden. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen zur weiteren Nutzung von subglazialen Speläothemen als Archiv für Gletscherdynamik gegeben. KW - palaeoclimate KW - Paläoklima KW - glacier KW - Gletscher KW - speleothem KW - Speläothem KW - Alps KW - Alpen KW - glacials KW - Eiszeiten KW - abrupt transitions KW - abrupte Ereignisse Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-655379 ER - TY - THES A1 - El Youssoufi, Dalal T1 - Stellar populations, morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic clouds N2 - Galaxy morphology is a fossil record of how galaxies formed and evolved and can be regarded as a function of the dynamical state of a galaxy. It encodes the physical processes that dominate its evolutionary history, and is strongly aligned with physical properties like stellar mass, star formation rate and local environment. At a distance of ∼50 and 60 kpc, the Magellanic Clouds represent the nearest interacting pair of dwarf irregular galaxies to the Milky Way, rendering them an important test bed for galaxy morphology in the context of galaxy interactions and the effect of the local environment in which they reside. The Large Magellanic Cloud is classified as the prototype for Magellanic Spiral galaxies, with one prominent spiral arm, an offset bar and an inclined rotating disc while the Small Magellanic Cloud is classified as a dwarf Irregular galaxy and is known for its unstructured shape and large depth across the line–of–sight. Resolved stellar populations are powerful probes of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, the proximity of the Magellanic Clouds allows us to resolve their stellar populations to individual stars that share coherent chemical and age distributions. The coherent properties of resolved stellar populations enable us to analyse them as a function of position within the Magellanic Clouds, offering a picture of the growth of the galaxies’ substructures over time and yielding a comprehensive view of their morphology. Furthermore, investigating the kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds offers valuable insights into their dynamics and evolutionary history. By studying the motions and velocities of stars within these galaxies, we can trace their past interactions, with the Milky Way or with each other and unravel the complex interplay of forces that have influenced the Magellanic Clouds’ formation and evolution. In Chapter 2, the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds was employed to generate unprecedented high-resolution morphological maps of the Magellanic Clouds in the near-infrared. Utilising colour-magnitude diagrams and theoretical evolutionary models to segregate stellar populations, this approach enabled a comprehensive age tomography of the galaxies. It revealed previously uncharacterised features in their central regions at spatial resolutions of 0.13 kpc (Large Magellanic Cloud) and 0.16 kpc (Small Magellanic Cloud), the findings showcased the impact of tidal interactions on their inner regions. Notably, the study highlighted the enhanced coherent structures in the Large Magellanic Cloud, shedding light on the significant role of the recent Magellanic Clouds’ interaction 200 Myr ago in shaping many of the fine structures. The Small Magellanic Cloud revealed asymmetry in younger populations and irregularities in intermediate-age ones, pointing towards the influence of past tidal interactions. In Chapter 3, an examination of the outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds led to the identification of new substructures through the use of near-infrared photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and multi-dimensional phase-space information from Gaia. The distances and proper motions of these substructures were investigated. This analysis revealed the impact of past Magellanic Clouds’ interactions and the influence of the Milky Way’s tidal field on the morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic Clouds. A bi-modal distance distribution was identified within the luminosity function of the red clump stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, notably in its eastern regions, with the foreground substructure being attributed to the Magellanic Clouds’ interaction around 200 Myr ago. Furthermore, associations with the Counter Bridge and Old Bridge were uncovered through the detection of background and foreground structures in various regions of the SMC. In chapter 4, a detailed kinematic analysis of the Small Magellanic Cloud was conducted using spectra from the European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. The study reveals distinct kinematics in the Wing and bar regions, attributed to interactions with the Large Magellanic Cloud and variations in star formation history. Notably, velocity disparities are observed in the bar’s young main sequence stars, aligning with specific star-forming episodes, and suggesting potential galactic stretching or tidal stripping, as corroborated by proper motion studies. N2 - Galaxienmorphologie ist ein fossiles Aufzeichnungsmaterial dafür, wie Galaxien entstanden und sich entwickelt haben und kann als Funktion des dynamischen Zustands einer Galaxie betrachtet werden. Sie kodiert die physischen Prozesse, die ihre Entwicklungsgeschichte dominieren, und ist stark mit physischen Eigenschaften wie stellare Masse, Sternentstehungsrate und lokaler Umgebung verknüpft. In einer Entfernung von ∼50 und 60 kpc stellen die Magellanschen Wolken das nächstgelegene interagierende Paar von Zwergirregulären Galaxien zur Milchstraße dar und sind somit ein wichtiges Testfeld für Galaxienmorphologie im Kontext von Galaxieninteraktionen und dem Einfluss der lokalen Umgebung, in der sie sich befinden. Die Große Magellansche Wolke wird als Prototyp für Magellanische Spiralgalaxien klassifiziert, mit einem prominenten Spiralarm, einem versetzten Balken und einer geneigten rotierenden Scheibe, während die Kleine Magellansche Wolke als Zwergirreguläre Galaxie klassifiziert wird und für ihre unstrukturierte Form und große Tiefe entlang der Sichtlinie bekannt ist. Aufgelöste Sternpopulationen sind mächtige Sonden für eine breite Palette von astrophysikalischen Phänomenen, die Nähe der Magellanschen Wolken ermöglicht es uns, ihre Sternpopulationen bis zu einzelnen Sternen aufzulösen, die kohärente chemische und Altersverteilungen aufweisen. Die kohärenten Eigenschaften von aufgelösten Sternpopulationen ermöglichen es uns, sie als Funktion der Position innerhalb der Magellanschen Wolken zu analysieren, und bieten ein Bild des Wachstums der Galaxienunterstrukturen über die Zeit und vermitteln eine umfassende Sicht auf ihre Morphologie. Darüber hinaus bietet die Untersuchung der Kinetik der Magellanschen Wolken wertvolle Einblicke in ihre Dynamik und Entwicklungsgeschichte. Durch das Studium der Bewegungen und Geschwindigkeiten der Sterne innerhalb dieser Galaxien können wir ihre vergangenen Interaktionen, sei es mit der Milchstraße oder untereinander, nachverfolgen und das komplexe Zusammenspiel der Kräfte, die die Formation und Evolution der Magellanschen Wolken beeinflusst haben, entwirren. In Kapitel 2 wurde die VISTA Untersuchung der Magellanschen Wolken verwendet, um bisher beispiellose hochauflösende morphologische Karten der Magellanschen Wolken im nahen Infrarot zu erstellen. Mit Hilfe von Farb-Helligkeits-Diagrammen und theoretischen Entwicklungsmodellen zur Abgrenzung der Sternpopulationen ermöglichte dieser Ansatz eine umfassende Alters-Tomographie der Galaxien. Es wurden bisher unbekannte Merkmale in ihren Zentralregionen mit räumlichen Auflösungen von 0,13 kpc (Große Magellansche Wolke) und 0,16 kpc (Kleine Magellansche Wolke) offenbart, die Ergebnisse zeigten die Auswirkungen von Gezeitenwechselwirkungen auf ihre inneren Regionen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Studie die verstärkten kohärenten Strukturen in der Großen Magellanschen Wolke hervorhob und auf die bedeutende Rolle der jüngsten Interaktion der Magellanschen Wolken vor 200 Myr bei der Formung vieler Feinstrukturen hinwies. Die Kleine Magellansche Wolke zeigte Asymmetrie in jüngeren Populationen und Unregelmäßigkeiten bei mittelalten, was auf den Einfluss vergangener Gezeitenwechselwirkungen hinweist. In Kapitel 3 führte eine Untersuchung der Außenbereiche der Magellanschen Wolken zur Identifizierung neuer Unterstrukturen durch die Nutzung von Nahinfrarot-Photometrie aus der VISTA Hemisphere Survey und mehrdimensionalen Phasenraum-Informationen von Gaia. Die Entfernungen und Eigenbewegungen dieser Unterstrukturen wurden untersucht. Diese Analyse offenbarte die Auswirkungen vergangener Interaktionen der Magellanschen Wolken und den Einfluss des Gezeitenfeldes der Milchstraße auf die Morphologie und Kinetik der Magellanschen Wolken. Eine bimodale Entfernungsverteilung wurde innerhalb der Leuchtkraftfunktion der Red-Clump-Sterne in der Kleinen Magellanschen Wolke identifiziert, insbesondere in ihren östlichen Regionen, wobei die Vordergrundstruktur der Interaktion der Magellanschen Wolken vor etwa 200 Myr zugeschrieben wurde. Zudem wurden durch die Entdeckung von Hintergrund- und Vordergrundstrukturen in verschiedenen Regionen der SMC Assoziationen mit der Counter Bridge und Old Bridge aufgedeckt. In Kapitel 4 wurde eine detaillierte kinematische Analyse der Kleinen Magellanschen Wolke durchgeführt, unter Verwendung von Spektren aus der European Southern Observatory Science Archive Facility. Die Studie zeigt unterschiedliche Kinetik in den Wing- und Bar-Regionen auf, die auf Interaktionen mit der Großen Magellanschen Wolke und Variationen in der Sternentstehungsgeschichte zurückgeführt werden. Bemerkenswert sind Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede, die bei den jungen Hauptreihensternen der Bar beobachtet werden, die mit spezifischen Sternentstehungs-Episoden übereinstimmen und auf potenzielle galaktische Dehnung oder Gezeitenstripping hinweisen, wie es durch Studien der Eigenbewegung bestätigt wird. T2 - Stellare Populationen, Morphologie und Kinematik der Magellanschen Wolken KW - Near-field Cosmology KW - Stellar Populations KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - Galaxy Interactions KW - Galaxy Morphology KW - Stellare Populationen KW - Nahfeldkosmologie KW - Magellansche Wolken KW - Galaxienwechselwirkungen KW - Galaxienmorphologie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-652607 ER - TY - THES A1 - Noureen, Riffat T1 - The dark side of empowering leadership N2 - As followers are becoming more educated and better connected, empowering leadership has gained traction in recent times as an alternative to traditional top-down models of leadership. Several scholars have investigated the relationship between empowering leadership and other variables in different contexts. As most previous studies have focused on the positive aspects of empowering leadership, research on its potential dark side is scarce. Furthermore, no previous study has examined whether and how the transfer of workload from followers to leaders can occur over time, which I proposed can lead to emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict among leaders. Therefore, I proposed that despite the positive outcomes of empowering leadership for both followers and leaders, it may also trigger negative outcomes capable of affecting the well-being of leaders. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) theory, and Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT) effect model, I investigated this idea. Using follower workload as a moderator, I proposed that the relationship between empowering leadership and leader workload is positive when follower workload is high and negative when follower workload is low. In addition, I examined how empowering leadership interacts with follower workload to affect leader emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict, mediated by leader workload. I proposed that this interaction results in a negative relationship between empowering leadership and both outcomes when follower workload is low, and a positive relationship when it is high. I tested these hypotheses using data from a three-wave time-lagged design field study with 65 leader-follower dyads consisting of civil servants from different administrative entities of India and Pakistan. The time lag between each study variable was four weeks. At Time 1 (T1), followers answered questions about demographic characteristics, virtual interaction with their leaders, their workload, and the extent to which their leaders practice empowering leadership. At the same time, leaders answered questions about demographic characteristics and their job satisfaction. At Time 2 (T2), leaders provided data on their own workload. Finally, at Time 3 (T3), leaders rated their emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict. A moderated mediation model was tested using PROCESS Model 7 in R. The findings of the study reveal that a significant increase in follower workload through empowering leadership will also increase the leader's workload. Consequently, this increased leader workload leads to a crossover of this interactive effect onto the level of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict experienced by leaders. This research offers various contributions to the leadership literature. While empowering leadership has been commonly associated with positive outcomes, my study reveals that it can also lead to negative outcomes. In addition, it shifts the focus of existing research from the effect of empowering leadership on followers to the consequences that it might have for leaders themselves. Overall, my research underscores the need for leaders to consider the potential counterproductive effects of empowering leadership and tailor their approach accordingly. N2 - Empowering Leadership hat in jüngster Zeit als Alternative zu traditionellen Top-Down-Führungsmodellen an Bedeutung gewonnen, da die Mitarbeiter besser ausgebildet und vernetzt sind. Verschiedene Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen haben den Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und anderen Variablen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten untersucht. Da sich die Literatur zu Empowering Leadership bisher überwiegend auf positive Effekte beschränkt hat, gibt es derzeit nur wenige Studien, die sich mit potentiellen negativen Effekten beschäftigt haben. Unter anderem wurde bisher nicht untersucht, ob und wie es im Laufe der Zeit zu einer Übertragung der Arbeitsbelastung von den Geführten auf die Führungskräfte kommen kann, was zu emotionaler Erschöpfung und Konflikten zwischen Beruf und Familie bei den Führungskräften führen kann. Daher nehme ich an, dass trotz der positiven Ergebnisse, die Empowering Leadership sowohl für Geführte als auch für Führungskräfte hat, diese Form von Führung auch negative Effekte auf das Wohlergehen der Führungskräfte haben kann. Mithilfe der Conservation of Resources Theorie (COR), der Job Demand-Resources Theorie (JD-R) und dem Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing Modell (TMGT) habe ich diese Annahme untersucht. Ich nehme an, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und der Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft positiv ist, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten hoch ist, und negativ, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten niedrig ist. Darüber hinaus habe ich untersucht, wie Empowering Leadership mit der Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten zusammenwirkt und sich durch die Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft auf die emotionale Erschöpfung und Konflikte zwischen Beruf und Familie bei Führungskräften auswirkt. Ich nehme an, dass diese Interaktion zu einem negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Empowering Leadership und beiden abhängigen Variablen führt, wenn die Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten niedrig ist, und zu einem positiven Zusammenhang, wenn sie hoch ist. Ich habe diese Hypothesen mithilfe einer Feldstudie mit einem zeitversetzten Drei-Wellen-Designs mit 65 Leader-Follower Dyaden getestet, die aus Beamten verschiedener Verwaltungseinheiten in Indien und Pakistan bestanden. Die Zeitspanne zwischen den einzelnen Studienvariablen betrug vier Wochen. Zum Zeitpunkt 1 (T1) beantworteten die Geführten Fragen zu demographischen Merkmalen, zur virtuellen Interaktion mit ihren Führungskräften, zu ihrer Arbeitsbelastung und zum Ausmaß, in dem ihre Führungskräfte Empowering Leadership praktiziert. Gleichzeitig beantworteten die Führungskräfte Fragen zu demographischen Merkmalen und ihrer Arbeitszufriedenheit. Zum Zeitpunkt 2 (T2) stellten die Führungskräfte Daten zu ihrer eigenen Arbeitsbelastung bereit. Schließlich bewerteten die Führungskräfte zum Zeitpunkt 3 (T3) ihre emotionale Erschöpfung und ihren Konflikt zwischen Beruf und Familie. Ein moderiertes Mediationsmodell wurde mit PROCESS Model 7 in R getestet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass eine Steigerung der Arbeitsbelastung der Geführten durch Empowering Leadership auch die Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft erhöht. Außerdem führt eine erhöhte Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft dazu, dass sich dieser interaktive Effekt auf die Ebene der emotionalen Erschöpfung und die Konflikte zwischen Familie und Beruf der Führungskraft überträgt. Diese Arbeit leistet mehrere wichtige Beiträge zur Führungsliteratur. Während Empowering Leadership häufig mit positiven Effekten bei Geführten in Verbindung gebracht wird, zeigt meine Studie, dass sie auch negative Effekte haben kann. Darüber hinaus hilft sie dabei, den Fokus der bestehenden Forschung von der Wirkung von Empowering Leadership auf die Geführten zu den Konsequenzen für Führungskräfte selbst zu verschieben. Insgesamt unterstreicht meine Forschung, dass Führungskräfte die potenziell kontraproduktiven Auswirkungen von Empowering Leadership berücksichtigen und ihren Führungsansatz entsprechend anpassen sollten. KW - empowering leadership KW - follower workload KW - leader workload KW - emotional exhaustion KW - work-family conflict KW - Empowering Leadership KW - Arbeitsbelastung der Mitarbeiter KW - Arbeitsbelastung der Führungskraft KW - emotionale Erschöpfung der Führungskraft KW - Konflikt zwischen Beruf und Familie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-655318 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tritschler, Ulrich A1 - Delgado López, José Manuel A1 - Umbach, Tobias R. A1 - Van Driessche, Alexander E. S. A1 - Schlaad, Helmut A1 - Cölfen, Helmut A1 - Kellermeier, Matthias T1 - Oriented attachment and aggregation as a viable pathway to self-assembled organic/inorganic hybrid materials JF - CrystEngComm N2 - Organic-inorganic composite materials with tailored properties can be designed in the lab through bioinspired approaches. In this context, we exploited the particle-based crystallisation process of calcium sulfate, a technologically important mineral, to hybridise inorganic and organic matter. We identified and synthesised an organic polymer showing strong affinity to bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors as well as intrinsic tendency to self-organise. Subsequently, polymer-coated building units were allowed to self-assemble via oriented attachment, aggregation and phase transformation, which produced ordered superstructures where the organic polymer is intercalated between the subunits and surrounds the hybrid core as a shell. This specific architecture across multiple length scales leads to unique mechanical properties, comparable to those of natural biominerals. Thus, our results devise a straightforward pathway to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid structures via bottom-up self-assembly processes innate to the crystallisation of the inorganic phase. This approach can likely be transferred to other inorganic minerals, affording next-generation materials for applications in the construction sector, biomedicine and beyond. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ce00447j SN - 1466-8033 VL - 24 IS - 36 SP - 6320 EP - 6329 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Fernandez Palomino, Carlos Antonio T1 - Understanding hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes of Peru and Ecuador and their responses to climate change T1 - Verständnis der hydrologischen Dynamik in den tropischen Anden von Peru und Ecuador und ihrer Reaktionen auf den Klimawandel N2 - Human-induced climate change is impacting the global water cycle by, e.g., causing changes in precipitation patterns, evapotranspiration dynamics, cryosphere shrinkage, and complex streamflow trends. These changes, coupled with the increased frequency and severity of extreme hydrometeorological events like floods, droughts, and heatwaves, contribute to hydroclimatic disasters, posing significant implications for local and global infrastructure, human health, and overall productivity. In the tropical Andes, climate change is evident through warming trends, glacier retreats, and shifts in precipitation patterns, leading to altered risks of floods and droughts, e.g., in the upper Amazon River basin. Projections for the region indicate rising temperatures, potential glacier disappearance or substantial shrinkage, and altered streamflow patterns, highlighting challenges in water availability due to these expected changes and growing human water demand. The evolving trends in hydroclimatic conditions in the tropical Andes present significant challenges to socioeconomic and environmental systems, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding to guide effective adaptation policies and strategies in response to the impacts of climate change in the region. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes of Peru and Ecuador and their responses to climate change. Given the scarcity of hydrometeorological data in the region, this objective was accomplished through a comprehensive data preparation and analysis in combination with hydrological modeling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) eco-hydrological model. In this context, the initial steps involved assessing, identifying, and/or generating more reliable climate input data to address data limitations. The thesis introduces RAIN4PE, a high-resolution precipitation dataset for Peru and Ecuador, developed by merging satellite, reanalysis, and ground-based data with surface elevation through the random forest method. Further adjustments of precipitation estimates were made for catchments influenced by fog/cloud water input on the eastern side of the Andes using streamflow data and applying the method of reverse hydrology. RAIN4PE surpasses other global and local precipitation datasets, showcasing superior reliability and accuracy in representing precipitation patterns and simulating hydrological processes across the tropical Andes. This establishes it as the optimal precipitation product for hydrometeorological applications in the region. Due to the significant biases and limitations of global climate models (GCMs) in representing key atmospheric variables over the tropical Andes, this study developed regionally adapted GCM simulations specifically tailored for Peru and Ecuador. These simulations are known as the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset, and they were derived using reliable, high-resolution datasets like RAIN4PE as reference data. The BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset shows notable improvements over raw GCM simulations, reflecting enhanced representations of observed climate properties and accurate simulation of streamflow, including high and low flow indices. This renders it suitable for assessing regional climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources, and hydrological extremes. In addition to generating more accurate climatic input data, a reliable hydrological model is essential for simulating watershed hydrological processes. To tackle this challenge, the thesis presents an innovative multiobjective calibration framework integrating remote sensing vegetation data, baseflow index, discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, and flow duration curve signatures. In contrast to traditional calibration strategies relying solely on discharge goodness-of-fit metrics, this approach enhances the simulation of vegetation, streamflow, and the partitioning of flow into surface runoff and baseflow in a typical Andean catchment. The refined hydrological model calibration strategy was applied to conduct reliable simulations and understand current and future hydrological trajectories in the tropical Andes. By establishing a region-suitable and thoroughly tested hydrological model with high-resolution and reliable precipitation input data from RAIN4PE, this study provides new insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of water balance components in Peru and transboundary catchments. Key findings underscore the estimation of Peru's total renewable freshwater resource (total river runoff of 62,399 m3/s), with the Peruvian Amazon basin contributing 97.7%. Within this basin, the Amazon-Andes transition region emerges as a pivotal hotspot for water yield (precipitation minus evapotranspiration), characterized by abundant rainfall and lower atmospheric water demand/evapotranspiration. This finding underlines its paramount role in influencing the hydrological variability of the entire Amazon basin. Subsurface hydrological pathways, particularly baseflow from aquifers, strongly influence water yield in lowland and Andean catchments, sustaining streamflow, especially during the extended dry season. Water yield demonstrates an elevation- and latitude-dependent increase in the Pacific Basin (catchments draining into the Pacific Ocean), while it follows an unimodal curve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin, peaking in the Amazon-Andes transition region. This observation indicates an intricate relationship between water yield and elevation. In Amazon lowlands rivers, particularly in the Ucayali River, floodplains play a significant role in shaping streamflow seasonality by attenuating and delaying peak flows for up to two months during periods of high discharge. This observation underscores the critical importance of incorporating floodplain dynamics into hydrological simulations and river management strategies for accurate modeling and effective water resource management. Hydrological responses vary across different land use types in high Andean catchments. Pasture areas exhibit the highest water yield, while agricultural areas and mountain forests show lower yields, emphasizing the importance of puna (high-altitude) ecosystems, such as pastures, páramos, and bofedales, in regulating natural storage. Projected future hydrological trajectories were analyzed by driving the hydrological model with regionalized GCM simulations provided by the BASD-CMIP6-PE dataset. The analysis considered sustainable (low warming, SSP1-2.6) and fossil fuel-based development (high-end warming, SSP5-8.5) scenarios for the mid (2035-2065) and end (2065-2095) of the century. The projected changes in water yield and streamflow across the tropical Andes exhibit distinct regional and seasonal variations, particularly amplified under a high-end warming scenario towards the end of the century. Projections suggest year-round increases in water yield and streamflow in the Andean regions and decreases in the Amazon lowlands, with exceptions such as the northern Amazon expecting increases during wet seasons. Despite these regional differences, the upper Amazon River's streamflow is projected to remain relatively stable throughout the 21st century. Additionally, projections anticipate a decrease in low flows in the Amazon lowlands and an increased risk of high flows (floods) in the Andean and northern Amazon catchments. This thesis significantly contributes to enhancing climatic data generation, overcoming regional limitations that previously impeded hydrometeorological research, and creating new opportunities. It plays a crucial role in advancing hydrological model calibration, improving the representation of internal hydrological processes, and achieving accurate results for the right reasons. Novel insights into current hydrological dynamics in the tropical Andes are fundamental for improving water resource management. The anticipated intensified changes in water flows and hydrological extreme patterns under a high-end warming scenario highlight the urgency of implementing emissions mitigation and adaptation measures to address the heightened impacts on water resources. In fact, the new datasets (RAIN4PE and BASD-CMIP6-PE) have already been utilized by researchers and experts in regional and local-scale projects and catchments in Peru and Ecuador. For instance, they have been applied in river catchments such as Mantaro, Piura, and San Pedro to analyze local historical and future developments in climate and water resources. N2 - Menschgemachter Klimawandel beeinflusst den globalen Wasserkreislauf durch Veränderungen in Niederschlagsmustern, Verdunstungsdynamiken, dem Rückgang der Gletscher und komplexen Trends in den Abflussraten in den Flüssen. Diese Veränderungen, gepaart mit der zunehmenden Häufigkeit und Schwere von extremen hydrometeorologischen Ereignissen wie Überschwemmungen, Dürren und Hitzewellen, tragen zu hydroklimatischen Katastrophen bei und haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf lokale und globale Infrastruktur, die menschliche Gesundheit und die Gesamtproduktivität. In den tropischen Anden zeigt sich der Klimawandel durch Erwärmungstrends, Gletscherschmelzen und Verschiebungen in den Niederschlagsmustern, was zu erhöhten Risiken von Überschwemmungen und Dürren führt, beispielsweise im oberen Amazonas-Einzugsgebiet. Projektionen für die Region deuten auf steigende Temperaturen, potenzielles Verschwinden oder erhebliche Schrumpfung von Gletschern und veränderte Abflussmuster hin, was die Herausforderungen bei der Wasserverfügbarkeit aufgrund dieser erwarteten Veränderungen und des wachsenden menschlichen Wasserbedarfs zeigt. Die Trends in den hydroklimatischen Bedingungen in den tropischen Anden stellen erhebliche Herausforderungen für sozioökonomische und Umweltsysteme dar und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit eines umfassenden Verständnisses, um effektive Anpassungspolitiken und -strategien im Hinblick auf die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in der Region zu steuern. Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die aktuellen hydrologischen Dynamiken in den tropischen Anden von Peru und Ecuador und ihre Reaktionen auf den Klimawandel zu untersuchen. Aufgrund der Knappheit von hydrometeorologischen Daten in der Region wurde dieses Ziel durch eine umfassende Datenvorbereitung und -analyse in Kombination mit hydrologische Modellierung mithilfe des ökohydrologischen Modells Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) erreicht. Die ersten Schritte umfassten die Bewertung, Identifizierung und/oder Generierung zuverlässigerer Klimadaten, um Datenbeschränkungen zu bewältigen. Die Arbeit beginnt mit der Vorstellung von RAIN4PE, einen hochauflösenden Niederschlagsdatensatz für Peru und Ecuador, der durch die Zusammenführung von Satelliten-, Reanalysen- und bodengestützten Daten mit der Geländeoberfläche durch die Methode des Random Forest entwickelt wurde. Weitere Anpassungen der Niederschlagsschätzungen erfolgen unter Verwendung von Abflussdaten für Einzugsgebiete, die durch den Einfluss von Nebel-/Wolkenwasser auf der östlichen Seite der Anden beeinflusst werden, und mit Hilfe der Methode der Reverse-Hydrologie. RAIN4PE übertrifft andere globale und lokale Niederschlagsdatensätze und zeigt eine überlegene Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit bei der Darstellung von Niederschlagsmustern und der Simulation hydrologischer Prozesse in den tropischen Anden. Dies etabliert ihn als das optimale Niederschlagsprodukt für hydrometeorologische Anwendungen in der Region. Aufgrund der signifikanten Ungenauigkeiten und Beschränkungen globaler Klimamodelle (GCMs) bei der Darstellung wichtiger atmosphärischer Variablen über den tropischen Anden entwickelte diese Studie regional angepasste GCM-Simulationen, die speziell für Peru und Ecuador maßgeschneidert wurden. Diese Simulationen sind als der BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatz bekannt und wurden unter Verwendung zuverlässiger, hochauflösender Datensätze wie RAIN4PE als Referenzdaten abgeleitet. Der BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatz weist gegenüber rohen GCM-Ergebnissen bedeutende Verbesserungen auf, zeigt eine verbesserte Darstellung beobachteter Klimaeigenschaften und eine genaue Simulation des Wasserabflusses einschließlich seiner Hoch- und Niedrigflussindizes. Dies macht ihn geeignet, regionale Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Landwirtschaft, Wasserressourcen und hydrologische Extremereignisse zu bewerten. Zusätzlich zur Generierung genauerer klimatischer Eingabedaten ist ein zuverlässiges hydrologisches Modell für die Simulation hydrologischer Dynamiken im Einzugsgebiet unerlässlich. Um diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen, stellt die Arbeit einen innovativen multiobjektiven Kalibrierungsrahmen vor, der fernerkundungsbasierte Vegetationsdaten, Basisabfluss-Index, Abflussgütemaße und Kennzeichen der Abflussdauerkurve integriert. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Kalibrierungsstrategien, die ausschließlich auf Abflussgütemaße beruhen, verbessert dieser Ansatz die Simulation von Vegetation, Wasserabfluss und Aufteilung des Abflusses in Oberflächen- und Basisabfluss in einem typischen Anden-Einzugsgebiet. Die verfeinerte Kalibrierungsstrategie des hydrologischen Modells wurde angewendet, um zuverlässigere Simulationen zu erzielen und aktuelle und zukünftige hydrologische Entwicklungen in den tropischen Anden zu verstehen. Aufbauend auf einer der Region angepassten hydrologischen Modell mit hochauflösenden und zuverlässigen Niederschlagsdaten von RAIN4PE liefert diese Studie neue Einblicke in die räumlich-zeitliche Verteilung von Wasserbilanzkomponenten in Peru und grenzüberschreitenden Einzugsgebieten. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse betonen die Schätzung der Gesamtmenge an erneuerbarem Süßwasser in Peru (Gesamtwasserabfluss von 62.399 m3/s), wobei das peruanische Amazonasbecken 97,7% dazu beiträgt. Innerhalb dieses Beckens wird die Übergangsregion Amazonas-Anden als zentraler Hotspot für Wasserertrag (Niederschlag minus Evapotranspiration) hervorgehoben, geprägt durch reichlichen Niederschlag und eine geringere atmosphärische Wassernachfrage/Evapotranspiration. Diese Erkenntnis unterstreicht ihre herausragende Rolle bei der Beeinflussung der hydrologischen Variabilität des gesamten Amazonasbeckens. Unterirdische hydrologische Komponenten, insbesondere der Grundwasserabfluss, beeinflussen deutlich die Abflussbildung in Tiefland- und Anden-Einzugsgebieten und unterstützen den Abfluss in den Flüssen, insbesondere während der verlängerten Trockenzeit. Wasserertrag zeigt einen höhen- und breitengradabhängigen Anstieg im Pazifikbecken (Einzugsgebiete, die in den Pazifik münden), während er im peruanischen Amazonasbecken einer unimodalen Kurve folgt und im Übergangsgebiet Amazonas-Anden seinen Höhepunkt erreicht. Dieses Ergebnis verdeutlicht den Zusammenhang zwischen Abflussbildung und Geländehöhe. In Flüssen der Tiefebenen des Amazonas, insbesondere im Ucayali-Fluss, spielen Überschwemmungsgebiete eine bedeutende Rolle bei der saisonalen Wasserflussdynamik, indem sie Spitzenflüsse für bis zu zwei Monate während Perioden hoher Abflüsse abschwächen und verzögern. Dieses Ergebnis unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit der Einbeziehung von Überschwemmungsdynamiken in hydrologische Simulationen und Flussmanagementstrategien für eine präzise Modellierung und effektive Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Hydrologische Reaktionen variieren je nach Landnutzungstypen in hohen Anden-Einzugsgebieten. Weideflächen zeigen den höchsten Wasserertrag, während landwirtschaftliche Flächen und Bergwälder geringere Wasserertrag aufweisen, was die Bedeutung von Puna (hochgelegenen) Ökosystemen wie Weiden, Páramos und Bofedales bei der Regulierung natürlicher Speicher betont. Projektierte zukünftige hydrologische Entwicklungen wurden analysiert, indem das hydrologische Modell mit regionalisierten GCM-Simulationen des BASD-CMIP6-PE-Datensatzes angetrieben wurde. Diese Analyse berücksichtigte nachhaltige (geringe Erwärmung, SSP1-2.6) und auf starker Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe basierende (hochgradige Erwärmung, SSP5-8.5) Szenarien für die Mitte (2035-2065) und das Ende (2065-2095) des 21. Jahrhunderts. Die projektierten Veränderungen in Wasserertrag und Wasserabfluss in den tropischen Anden zeigen deutliche regionale und saisonale Variationen, insbesondere unter einem Szenario mit hoher Erwärmung gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts. Diese Projektionen deuten auf ganzjährige Zunahmen im Wasserertrag und Wasserabfluss in den Andenregionen und Rückgänge in den Tiefebenen des Amazonas hin, mit Ausnahmen wie im nördlichen Amazonasgebiet, wo Zunahmen während der Regenzeiten projektiert werden. Trotz dieser regionalen Unterschiede wird der jährliche Wasserabfluss des oberen Amazonas voraussichtlich im gesamten 21. Jahrhundert relativ stabil bleiben. Darüber hinaus deuten die Projektionen auf eine Abnahme der Niedrigabflüsse in den Tiefebenen des Amazonas und ein erhöhtes Risiko von Hochwasserabflüssen (Überschwemmungen) in den Anden- und nördlichen Amazonas-Einzugsgebieten hin. Diese Arbeit trägt erheblich zur Verbesserung der Datenlage bzgl. des Klimas in dieser Region bei, überwindet regionale Datenbegrenzungen, die zuvor hydrometeorologische Forschung behinderten, und schafft neue Möglichkeiten. Sie trägt zur Fortentwicklung der Kalibrierung hydrologischer Modelle bei, der Verbesserung der Darstellung interner hydrologischer Prozesse und damit der Erzielung hydrologisch konsistenter Simulationsergebnisse. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse zu den hydrologischen Dynamiken in den tropischen Anden sind grundlegend für eine verbesserte Bewirtschaftung der regionalen Wasserressourcen. Die erwartete Intensivierung des regionalen Wasserkreislaufs unter einem Szenario mit hoher Erwärmung unterstreichen die Dringlichkeit der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Emissionsminderung und Anpassung, um den verstärkten Auswirkungen auf Wasserressourcen zu begegnen. Tatsächlich wurden die neuen Datensätze (RAIN4PE und BASD-CMIP6-PE) bereits von Forschern und Experten in regionalen und lokalen Projekten und Einzugsgebieten in Peru und Ecuador genutzt. Zum Beispiel wurden sie in Flusseinzugsgebieten wie Mantaro, Piura und San Pedro angewendet, um lokale historische und zukünftige Entwicklungen in Klima und Wasserressourcen zu analysieren. KW - hydrology KW - Hydrologie KW - tropical Andes KW - tropische Anden KW - climate change KW - Klimawandel KW - water resources KW - Wasserressourcen KW - RAIN4PE KW - RAIN4PE KW - BASD-CMIP6-PE KW - BASD-CMIP6-PE Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-656534 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaw, Frank A1 - Kohler, Jorn A1 - Hawlitschek, Oliver A1 - Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M. A1 - Rakotoarison, Andolalao A1 - Scherz, Mark D. A1 - Vences, Miguel T1 - Extreme miniaturization of a new amniote vertebrate and insights into the evolution of genital size in chameleons JF - Scientific reports N2 - Evolutionary reduction of adult body size (miniaturization) has profound consequences for organismal biology and is an important subject of evolutionary research. Based on two individuals we describe a new, extremely miniaturized chameleon, which may be the world's smallest reptile species. The male holotype of Brookesia nana sp. nov. has a snout-vent length of 13.5 mm (total length 21.6 mm) and has large, apparently fully developed hemipenes, making it apparently the smallest mature male amniote ever recorded. The female paratype measures 19.2 mm snout-vent length (total length 28.9 mm) and a micro-CT scan revealed developing eggs in the body cavity, likewise indicating sexual maturity. The new chameleon is only known from a degraded montane rainforest in northern Madagascar and might be threatened by extinction. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place it as sister to B. karchei, the largest species in the clade of miniaturized Brookesia species, for which we resurrect Evoluticauda Angel, 1942 as subgenus name. The genetic divergence of B. nana sp. nov. is rather strong (9.914.9% to all other Evoluticauda species in the 16S rRNA gene). A comparative study of genital length in Malagasy chameleons revealed a tendency for the smallest chameleons to have the relatively largest hemipenes, which might be a consequence of a reversed sexual size dimorphism with males substantially smaller than females in the smallest species. The miniaturized males may need larger hemipenes to enable a better mechanical fit with female genitals during copulation. Comprehensive studies of female genitalia are needed to test this hypothesis and to better understand the evolution of genitalia in reptiles. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80955-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - SPringer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi A1 - Egamberdieva, Dilfuza A1 - Berg, Christian A1 - Mora, Maximilian A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter A1 - Cernava, Tomislav A1 - Berg, Gabriele T1 - Function-based rhizosphere assembly along a gradient of desiccation in the former Aral Sea JF - mSystems N2 - The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the largest human-made environmental regional disasters. The salt- and toxin-enriched dried-out basin provides a natural laboratory for studying ecosystem functioning and rhizosphere assembly under extreme anthropogenic conditions. Here, we investigated the prokaryotic rhizosphere communities of the native pioneer plant Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.) Moq. in comparison to bulk soil across a gradient of desiccation (5, 10, and 40 years) by metagenome and amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The rhizosphere effect was evident due to significantly higher bacterial abundances but less diversity in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Interestingly, in the highest salinity (5 years of desiccation), rhizosphere functions were mainly provided by archaeal communities. Along the desiccation gradient, we observed a significant change in the rhizosphere microbiota, which was reflected by (i) a decreasing archaeon-bacterium ratio, (ii) replacement of halophilic archaea by specific plant-associated bacteria, i.e., Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and (iii) an adaptation of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways. In general, both bacteria and archaea were found to be involved in carbon cycling and fixation, as well as methane and nitrogen metabolism. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) showed specific signatures for production of osmoprotectants, assimilatory nitrate reduction, and transport system induction. Our results provide evidence that rhizosphere assembly by cofiltering specific taxa with distinct traits is a mechanism which allows plants to thrive under extreme conditions. Overall, our findings highlight a function-based rhizosphere assembly, the importance of plant-microbe interactions in salinated soils, and their exploitation potential for ecosystem restoration approaches.IMPORTANCE The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. Here, we investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in the rhizosphere of pioneer plants by combining classic molecular methods with amplicon sequencing as well as metagenomics for functional insights. By implementing a desiccation gradient, we observed (i) remarkable differences in the archaeon-bacterium ratio of plant rhizosphere samples, (ii) replacement of archaeal indicator taxa during succession, and (iii) the presence of specific, potentially plant-beneficial biosynthetic pathways in archaea present during the early stages. In addition, our results provide hitherto-undescribed insights into the functional redundancy between plant-associated archaea and bacteria. The desertification of the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan represents one of the most serious anthropogenic environmental disasters of the last century. Since the 1960s, the world's fourth-largest inland body of water has been constantly shrinking, which has resulted in an extreme increase of salinity accompanied by accumulation of many hazardous and carcinogenic substances, as well as heavy metals, in the dried-out basin. KW - Aral Sea KW - microbiome KW - desiccation KW - nutrient cycling KW - soil microorganisms KW - revegetation KW - archaea KW - bacteria KW - metagenome Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00739-22 SN - 2379-5077 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermann, Anne A1 - Sanchez-Pastor, Pilar A1 - Wu, Sin-Mei A1 - Wollin, Christopher A1 - Baird, Alan F. A1 - Isken, Marius Paul A1 - Clinton, John A1 - Goertz-Allmann, Bettina P. A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Wüstefeld, Andreas A1 - Shi, Peidong A1 - Lanza, Federica A1 - Gyger, Lea A1 - Wetter, Selina A1 - Hjorleifsdottir, Vala A1 - Langet, Nadege A1 - Brynjarsson, Baldur A1 - Jousset, Philippe A1 - Wiemer, Stefan T1 - Combined large-N seismic arrays and DAS fiber optic cables across the Hengill geothermal field, Iceland JF - Seismological research letters N2 - From June to August 2021, we deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlio geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, we recorded distributed acoustic sensing data along two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant with commercial interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. Here, we describe the network and the recorded datasets. Furthermore, we showsome initial results that indicate a high data quality and highlight the potential of the seismic records for various follow up studies, such as high-resolution event location to delineate faults and body- and surface-wave tomographies to image the subsurface velocity structure in great detail. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220073 SN - 0895-0695 SN - 1938-2057 VL - 93 IS - 5 SP - 2498 EP - 2514 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Boulder, Colo. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vyse, Stuart A. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Pfalz, Gregor A1 - Pestryakova, Lyudmila A. A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard A1 - Nowaczyk, Norbert A1 - Biskaborn, Boris K. T1 - Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene BT - combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29-23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2-early MIS1 (ca. 23.4-11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 gOCm(-2) a(-1)) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 +/- 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 +/- 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557m(3). The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4791-2021 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 18 IS - 16 SP - 4791 EP - 4816 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alemanno, Giulia A1 - D'Amore, Maddalena A1 - Maturilli, Alessandro A1 - Helbert, Joern A1 - Arnold, Gabriele A1 - Korablev, Oleg A1 - Ignatiev, Nikolay A1 - Grigoriev, Alexei A1 - Shakun, Alexey A1 - Trokhimovskiy, Alexander T1 - Martian atmospheric spectral end-members retrieval from ExoMars Thermal Infrared (TIRVIM) data JF - JGR / Planets N2 - Key knowledge about planetary composition can be recovered from the study of thermal infrared spectral range datasets. This range has a huge diagnostic potential because it contains diagnostic absorptions from a planetary surface and atmosphere. The main goal of this study is to process and interpret the dataset from the Thermal Infrared channel (TIRVIM) which is part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite of the ExoMars2016 Trace Gas Orbiter mission to find and characterize dust and water ice clouds in the atmosphere. The method employed here is based on the application of principal component analysis and target transformation techniques to extract the independent variable components present in the analyzed dataset. Spectral shapes of both atmospheric dust and water ice aerosols have been recovered from the analysis of TIRVIM data. The comparison between our results with those previously obtained on Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data and with previous analysis on TIRVIM data, validates the methodology here applied, showing that it allows to correctly recover the atmospheric spectral endmembers present in the TIRVIM data. Moreover, comparison with atmospheric retrievals on PFS, TES and IRIS data, allowed us to assess the temporal stability and homogeneity of dust and water ice components in the Martian atmosphere over a time period of almost 50 years. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007429 SN - 2169-9097 SN - 2169-9100 VL - 127 IS - 9 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER -