TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Gramann, Klaus
T1  - Attenuated modulation of brain activity accompanies emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia
JF  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
N2  - The personality trait alexithymia has been associated with deficits in emotion regulation; nevertheless, experimental investigations on this research question are sparse. We investigated reappraisal as one emotion regulation strategy in 44 healthy participants with high (HDA) versus low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. High density EEG and spatiotemporal current density reconstruction were used to characterize the time course of emotion regulation and to identify brain regions involved. Main results were that reappraisal was accompanied by reduced arousal and significant amplitude reduction of P3 and slow wave in the LDA group only. In contrast to the LDA group, reappraisal was not associated with an increase of activation in fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the HDA group. We demonstrate profound deficits in emotion regulation, which might contribute to everyday problems of social functioning in alexithymia.
KW  - Alexithymia
KW  - Emotion regulation
KW  - Reappraisal
KW  - Evoked potentials
KW  - Current source density reconstruction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01348.x
SN  - 0048-5772
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
SP  - 651
EP  - 658
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Preview fixation duration modulates identical and semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Semantic preview benefit from parafoveal words is critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. Semantic preview benefit has been demonstrated for Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm in which unrelated or semantically related previews of a target word N + 1 are replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N (Yan et al., 2009); for the target word in position N + 2, only identical compared to unrelated-word preview led to shorter fixation times on the target word (Yan et al., in press). A reanalysis of these data reveals that identical and semantic preview benefits depend on preview duration (i.e., the fixation duration on the preboundary word). Identical preview benefit from word N + 1 increased with preview duration. The identical preview benefit was also significant for N + 2, but did not significantly interact with preview duration. The previously reported semantic preview benefit from word N + 1 was mainly due to single- or first-fixation durations following short previews. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Semantic
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-010-9274-7
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 1093
EP  - 1111
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, Beate M.
A1  - Muth, Eric R.
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Herbert, Cornelia
T1  - Interoception across modalities on the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The individual sensitivity for ones internal bodily signals ("interoceptive awareness'') has been shown to be of relevance for a broad range of cognitive and affective functions. Interoceptive awareness has been primarily assessed via measuring the sensitivity for ones cardiac signals ("cardiac awareness'') which can be non-invasively measured by heartbeat perception tasks. It is an open question whether cardiac awareness is related to the sensitivity for other bodily, visceral functions. This study investigated the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions in healthy female persons by using non-invasive methods. Heartbeat perception as a measure for cardiac awareness was assessed by a heartbeat tracking task and gastric sensitivity was assessed by a water load test. Gastric myoelectrical activity was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) and subjective feelings of fullness, valence, arousal and nausea were assessed. The results show that cardiac awareness was inversely correlated with ingested water volume and with normogastric activity after water load. However, persons with good and poor cardiac awareness did not differ in their subjective ratings of fullness, nausea and affective feelings after drinking. This suggests that good heartbeat perceivers ingested less water because they subjectively felt more intense signals of fullness during this lower amount of water intake compared to poor heartbeat perceivers who ingested more water until feeling the same signs of fullness. These findings demonstrate that cardiac awareness is related to greater sensitivity for gastric functions, suggesting that there is a general sensitivity for interoceptive processes across the gastric and cardiac modality.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036646
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Rellum, Thomas
A1  - Freitag, Christine
A1  - Resch, Franz
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Dopamine inactivation efficacy related to functional DAT1 and COMT variants influences motor response evaluation
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting, response anticipation and movement evaluation. Thus, we examined the influence of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of motor processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
 Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as motor postimperative negative variation were assessed. Adolescents were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met and two DAT1 polymorphisms (variable number tandem repeats in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 8).
 Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between COMT and DAT1, indicating that COMT exerted stronger effects on lateralized motor post-processing (centro-parietal motor postimperative negative variation) in homozygous carriers of a DAT1 haplotype increasing DAT1 expression. Source analysis showed that the time interval 500-1000 ms after the motor response was specifically affected in contrast to preceding movement anticipation and programming stages, which were not altered.
 Conclusions: Motor slow negative waves allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on cortical motor post-processing during response evaluation. This is the first report to point towards epistatic effects in the motor system during response evaluation, i.e. during the post-processing of an already executed movement rather than during movement programming.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Goebel, Silke M.
T1  - Direction counts A comparative study of spatially directional counting biases in cultures with different reading directions
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - Western adults associate small numbers with left space and large numbers with right space. Where does this pervasive spatial-numerical association come from? In this study, we first recorded directional counting preferences in adults with different reading experiences (left to right, right to left, mixed, and illiterate) and observed a clear relationship between reading and counting directions. We then recorded directional counting preferences in pre-schoolers and elementary school children from three of these reading cultures (left to right, right to left, and mixed). Culture-specific counting biases existed before reading acquisition in children as young as 3 years and were subsequently modified by early reading experience. Together, our results suggest that both directional counting and scanning activities contribute to number-space associations.
KW  - Counting
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - Reading direction
KW  - Number-space association
KW  - Mental Number
KW  - Cross-cultural
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.12.005
SN  - 0022-0965
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
SP  - 275
EP  - 281
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yang, Jiongjiong
A1  - Wang, Aobing
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhu, Zijian
A1  - Chen, Cheng
A1  - Wang, Yizhou
T1  - Distinct processing for pictures of animals and objects Evidence from eye movements
JF  - Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association
N2  - Many studies have suggested that emotional stimuli orient and engage attention. There is also evidence that animate stimuli, such as those from humans and animals, cause attentional bias. However, categorical and emotional factors are usually mixed, and it is unclear to what extent human context influences attentional allocation. To address this issue, we tracked participants' eye movements while they viewed pictures with animals and inanimate images (i.e., category) as focal objects. These pictures had either negative or neutral emotional valence, and either human body parts or nonhuman parts were near the focal objects (i.e., context). The picture's valence, arousal, position, size, and most of the low-level visual features were matched across categories. The results showed that nonhuman animals were more likely to be attended to and to be attended to for longer times than inanimate objects. The same pattern held for the human contexts (vs. nonhuman contexts). The effects of emotional valence, category, and context interacted. Specifically, in images with a negative valence, focal animals and objects with human context had comparable numbers of gaze fixations and gaze duration. These results highlighted the attentional bias to animate parts of a picture and clarified that the effects of category, valence, and picture context interacted to influence attentional allocation.
KW  - emotion
KW  - category
KW  - attention
KW  - eye-tracking
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026848
SN  - 1528-3542
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 540
EP  - 551
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Multiple spatial mappings in numerical cognition
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - A recent cross-cultural comparison (Shaki, Fischer, & Petrusic, 2009) suggested that spatially consistent processing habits for words and numbers are a necessary condition for the spatial representation of numbers (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; SNARC effect). Here we reexamine the SNARC in Israelis who read text from right to left but numbers from left to right. We show that, despite these spatially inconsistent processing habits, a SNARC effect still emerges when the response dimension is spatially orthogonal to the conflicting processing dimension. These results clarify the cognitive conditions for spatial-numerical mappings.
KW  - mental number line
KW  - reading habits
KW  - SNARC
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027562
SN  - 0096-1523
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 804
EP  - 809
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - Computational modeling of collicular integration of perceptual responses and attention in microsaccades
JF  - The journal of neuroscience
N2  - During visual fixation on a target object, our eyes are not motionless but generate slow fixational eye movements and microsaccades. Effects of visual attention have been observed in both microsaccade rates and spatial directions. Experimental results, however, range from early (<200 ms) to late (>600 ms) effects combined with cue-congruent as well as cue-incongruent microsaccade directions. On the basis of well characterized neural circuitry in superior colliculus, we construct a dynamical model of neural activation that is modulated by perceptual input and visual attention. Our results show that additive integration of low-level perceptual responses and visual attention can explain microsaccade rate and direction effects across a range of visual cueing tasks. These findings suggest that the patterns of microsaccade direction observed in experiments are compatible with a single dynamical mechanism. The basic principles of the model are highly relevant to the general problem of integration of low-level perception and top-down selective attention.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0808-12.2012
SN  - 0270-6474
VL  - 32
IS  - 23
SP  - 8035
EP  - 8039
PB  - Society for Neuroscience
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Lexical and sublexical semantic preview benefits in chinese reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Semantic processing from parafoveal words is an elusive phenomenon in alphabetic languages, but it has been demonstrated only for a restricted set of noncompound Chinese characters. Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, this experiment examined whether parafoveal lexical and sublexical semantic information was extracted from compound preview characters. Results generalized parafoveal semantic processing to this representative set of Chinese characters and extended the parafoveal processing to radical (sublexical) level semantic information extraction. Implications for notions of parafoveal information extraction during Chinese reading are discussed.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026935
SN  - 0278-7393
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1075
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Romero-Sanchez, Monica
A1  - Megias, Jesus L.
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - The role of alcohol and victim sexual interest in spanish students' perceptions of sexual assault
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Two studies investigated the effects of information related to rape myths on Spanish college students' perceptions of sexual assault. In Study 1, 92 participants read a vignette about a nonconsensual sexual encounter and rated whether it was a sexual assault and how much the woman was to blame. In the scenario, the man either used physical force or offered alcohol to the woman to overcome her resistance. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was measured as an individual difference variable. Participants were more convinced that the incident was a sexual assault and blamed the woman less when the man had used force rather than offering her alcohol. In Study 2, 164 college students read a scenario in which the woman rejected a man's sexual advances after having either accepted or turned down his offer of alcohol. In addition, the woman was either portrayed as being sexually attracted to him or there was no mention of her sexual interest. Participants' RMA was again included. High RMA participants blamed the victim more than low RMA participants and were less certain that the incident was a sexual assault, especially when the victim had accepted alcohol and was described as being sexually attracted to the man. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and legal prosecution of sexual assault.
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - rape myth acceptance
KW  - alcohol
KW  - victim blame
KW  - token resistance
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511432149
SN  - 0886-2605
VL  - 27
IS  - 11
SP  - 2230
EP  - 2258
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
A1  - Pfeifer, Caroline
T1  - Movement or goal Goal salience and verbal cues affect preschoolers' imitation of action components
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - The impact of goal salience and verbal cues given by the model on 3- to 5-year-olds' reproduction of action components (movement or goal) was investigated in an imitation choice task. Preschoolers watched an experimenter moving a puppet up or down a ramp, terminating at one of two target objects. The target objects were either differently colored plastic bowls (low-salient group) or sociofunctionally relevant objects (high-salient group). While demonstrating the action in several trials, the model verbalized either the movement, the goal, both the movement and the goal, or none of the components. Children imitated the action on a second ramp with reversed positions of the target objects, so they needed to decide whether to reproduce the observed movement or the observed end state. In the high-salient group, preschoolers preferentially imitated the goal component, whereas in the low-salient group, they did not show a preference for one of the components. Across trials, preschoolers preferentially imitated the goal when this component or both components were verbalized, whereas they showed no preference when the movement or none of the components was emphasized. Yet, verbal cues seemed to have stronger effects in the low-salient condition. We conclude that sociofunctional salience of action goals and communicative cues of the model affect young children's representation of observed actions, leading to a selective reproduction of those action components that are relevant to the child.
KW  - Imitation
KW  - Verbal cues
KW  - Goal salience
KW  - Preschoolers
KW  - Early social cognition
KW  - Action representation
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.02.010
SN  - 0022-0965
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
SP  - 283
EP  - 295
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brzezicka, Aneta
A1  - Krejtz, Izabela
A1  - von Hecker, Ulrich
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Eye movement evidence for defocused attention in dysphoria - A perceptual span analysis
JF  - International journal of psychophysiology
N2  - The defocused attention hypothesis (von Hecker and Meiser, 2005) assumes that negative mood broadens attention, whereas the analytical rumination hypothesis (Andrews and Thompson, 2009) suggests a narrowing of the attentional focus with depression. We tested these conflicting hypotheses by directly measuring the perceptual span in groups of dysphoric and control subjects, using eye tracking. In the moving window paradigm, information outside of a variable-width gaze-contingent window was masked during reading of sentences. In measures of sentence reading time and mean fixation duration, dysphoric subjects were more pronouncedly affected than controls by a reduced window size. This difference supports the defocused attention hypothesis and seems hard to reconcile with a narrowing of attentional focus.
KW  - Dysphoria
KW  - Defocused attention
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Moving window paradigm
KW  - Perceptual span
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.022
SN  - 0167-8760
VL  - 85
IS  - 1
SP  - 129
EP  - 133
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dambacher, Michael
A1  - Dimigen, Olaf
A1  - Braun, Mario
A1  - Wille, Kristin
A1  - Jacobs, Arthur M.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Stimulus onset asynchrony and the timeline of word recognition: Event-related potentials during sentence reading
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Three ERP experiments examined the effect of word presentation rate (i.e., stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA) on the time course of word frequency and predictability effects in sentence reading. In Experiments 1 and 2, sentences were presented word-by-word in the screen center at an SOA of 700 and 490 ms, respectively. While these rates are typical for psycholinguistic ERP research, natural reading happens at a considerably faster pace. Accordingly. Experiment 3 employed a near-normal SOA of 280 ms, which approximated the rate of normal reading. Main results can be summarized as follows: (1) The onset latency of early frequency effects decreases gradually with increasing presentation rates. (2) An early interaction between top-down and bottom-up processing is observed only under a near-normal SOA. (3) N400 predictability effects occur later and are smaller at a near-normal (i.e., high) presentation rate than at the lower rates commonly used in ERP experiments. (4) ERP morphology is different at the shortest compared to longer SOAs. Together, the results point to a special role of a near-normal presentation rate for visual word recognition and therefore suggest that SOA should be taken into account in research of natural reading.
KW  - Word recognition
KW  - Sentence reading
KW  - Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA)
KW  - Frequency
KW  - Predictability
KW  - Event-related potentials (ERPs)
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.011
SN  - 0028-3932
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
SP  - 1852
EP  - 1870
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Rellum, Thomas
A1  - Freitag, Christine
A1  - Resch, Franz
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Time-Resolved influences of functional DAT1 and COMT variants on visual perception and post-processing
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
 Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed.
 Results: Significant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500-1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced.
 Conclusions: Late visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041552
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dimigen, Olaf
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Sommer, Werner
T1  - Trans-saccadic parafoveal preview benefits in fluent reading: A study with fixation-related brain potentials
JF  - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function
N2  - During natural reading, a parafoveal preview of the upcoming word facilitates its subsequent recognition (e.g., shorter fixation durations compared to masked preview) but nothing is known about the neural correlates of this so-called preview benefit. Furthermore, while the evidence is strong that readers preprocess orthographic features of upcoming words, it is controversial whether word meaning can also be accessed parafoveally. We investigated the timing, scope, and electrophysiological correlates of parafoveal information use in reading by simultaneously recording eye movements and fixation-related brain potentials (FRPs) while participants read word lists fluently from left to right. For one word the target (e.g., "blade") parafoveal information was manipulated by showing an identical ("blade"), semantically related ("knife"), or unrelated ("sugar") word as preview. In boundary trials, the preview was shown parafoveally but changed to the correct target word during the incoming saccade. Replicating classic findings, target words were fixated shorter after identical previews. In the EEG, this benefit was reflected in an occipitotemporal preview positivity between 200 and 280 ms. In contrast, there was no facilitation from related previews. In parafoveal-on-foveal trials, preview and target were embedded at neighboring list positions without a display change. Consecutive fixation of two related words produced N400 priming effects, but only shortly (160 ms) after the second word was directly fixated. Results demonstrate that neural responses to words are substantially altered by parafoveal preprocessing under normal reading conditions. We found no evidence that word meaning contributes to these effects. Saccade-contingent display manipulations can be combined with EEG recordings to study extrafoveal perception in vision.
KW  - EEG
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Active vision
KW  - Eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRP)
KW  - Parafoveal vision
KW  - Boundary technique
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.006
SN  - 1053-8119
SN  - 1095-9572
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
SP  - 381
EP  - 393
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Miller, Jeff
T1  - Response time models of delta plots with negative-going slopes
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Delta plots (DPs) graphically compare reaction time (RT) quantiles obtained under two experimental conditions. In some research areas (e.g., Simon effects), decreasing delta plots (nDPs) have consistently been found, indicating that the experimental effect is largest at low quantiles and decreases for higher quantiles. nDPs are unusual and intriguing: They imply that RT in the faster condition is more variable, a pattern predicted by few standard RT models. We describe and analyze five classes of well-established latency mechanisms that are consistent with nDPs-exhaustive processing models, correlated stage models, mixture models, cascade models, and parallel channels models-and discuss the implications of our analyses for the interpretation of DPs. DPs generally do not imply any specific processing model; therefore, it is more fruitful to start from a specific quantitative model and to compare the DP it predicts with empirical data.
KW  - Delta plot
KW  - RT models
KW  - Simon effect
KW  - Activation suppression model
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0254-6
SN  - 1069-9384
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
SP  - 555
EP  - 574
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Fuestoes, Juergen
A1  - Critchley, Hugo D.
T1  - On the generalised embodiment of pain: how interoceptive sensitivity modulates cutaneous pain perception
JF  - Pain : journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain
N2  - Individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity are associated with differences in reported intensity of emotional experience, vulnerability to anxiety and mood disorder and capacity for emotional self-regulation. Enhanced sensitivity to autonomic state is often accompanied by increased autonomic reactivity. Here we tested the hypothesis that healthy people classified as more interoceptively sensitive, by their performance of a heartbeat monitoring task, will demonstrate enhanced perception of pain. We further explored whether this effect is associated with a greater physiological reactivity to the pain stimuli. Using an algometer, cutaneous pressure pain was applied to the thenar eminence in 60 healthy participants. Heart rate variability and respiratory activity were recorded concurrently. We observed significant relationships between heightened interoceptive sensitivity and both enhanced sensitivity and decreased tolerance to pain. These effects were accompanied by a more pronounced parasympathetic decrease and a change in sympathovagal balance during pain assessment in the high, compared to the low, interoceptively sensitive group. Our study provides novel evidence that interoceptive sensitivity is associated with the experience and tolerability of pain in conjunction with reactive changes in autonomic balance.
KW  - Cutaneous pain perception
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Insula
KW  - Interoception
KW  - Interoceptive sensitivity
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.030
SN  - 0304-3959
VL  - 153
IS  - 8
SP  - 1680
EP  - 1686
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Evidence for delayed Parafoveal-on-Foveal effects from word n+2 in reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - During reading information is acquired from word(s) beyond the word that is currently looked at. It is still an open question whether such parafoveal information can influence the current viewing of a word, and if so, whether such parafoveal-on-foveal effects are attributable to distributed processing or to mislocated fixations which occur when the eyes are directed at a parafoveal word but land on another word instead. In two display-change experiments, we orthogonally manipulated the preview and target difficulty of word n+2 to investigate the role of mislocated fixations on the previous word n+1. When the eyes left word n, an easy or difficult word n+2 preview was replaced by an easy or difficult n+2 target word. In Experiment 1, n+2 processing difficulty was manipulated by means of word frequency (i.e., easy high-frequency vs. difficult low-frequency word n+2). In Experiment 2, we varied the visual familiarity of word n+2 (i.e., easy lower-case vs. difficult alternating-case writing). Fixations on the short word n+1, which were likely to be mislocated, were nevertheless not influenced by the difficulty of the adjacent word n+2, the hypothesized target of the mislocated fixation. Instead word n+1 was influenced by the preview difficulty of word n+2, representing a delayed parafoveal-on-foveal effect. The results challenge the mislocated-fixation hypothesis as an explanation of parafoveal-on-foveal effects and provide new insight into the complex spatial and temporal effect structure of processing inside the perceptual span during reading.
KW  - perceptual span
KW  - n+2-boundary paradigm
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - parafoveal-on-foveal effect
KW  - mislocated fixations
KW  - eye movements
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027735
SN  - 0096-1523
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 1026
EP  - 1042
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Elke B.
A1  - Starzynski, Christian
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - Capture of the gaze does not capture the mind
JF  - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2  - Sudden visual changes attract our gaze, and related eye movement control requires attentional resources. Attention is a limited resource that is also involved in working memory-for instance, memory encoding. As a consequence, theory suggests that gaze capture could impair the buildup of memory respresentations due to an attentional resource bottleneck. Here we developed an experimental design combining a serial memory task (verbal or spatial) and concurrent gaze capture by a distractor (of high or low similarity to the relevant item). The results cannot be explained by a general resource bottleneck. Specifically, we observed that capture by the low-similar distractor resulted in delayed and reduced saccade rates to relevant items in both memory tasks. However, while spatial memory performance decreased, verbal memory remained unaffected. In contrast, the high-similar distractor led to capture and memory loss for both tasks. Our results lend support to the view that gaze capture leads to activation of irrelevant representations in working memory that compete for selection at recall. Activation of irrelevant spatial representations distracts spatial recall, whereas activation of irrelevant verbal features impairs verbal memory performance.
KW  - Attention
KW  - Memory
KW  - Cognitive eye movements
KW  - Visual working memory
KW  - Short-term memory
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0318-8
SN  - 1943-3921
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
SP  - 1168
EP  - 1182
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Eiselt, Anne-Kathrin
T1  - Numerical distance effects in visual search
JF  - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2  - We present three experiments in which observers searched for a target digit among distractor digits in displays in which the mean numerical target-distractor distance was varied. Search speed and accuracy increased with numerical distance in both target-present and target-absent trials (Exp. 1A). In Experiment 1B, the target 5 was replaced with the letter S. The results suggest that the findings of Experiment 1A do not simply reflect the fact that digits that were numerically closer to the target coincidentally also shared more physical features with it. In Experiment 2, the numerical distance effect increased with set size in both target-present and target-absent trials. These findings are consistent with the view that increasing numerical target-distractor distance affords faster nontarget rejection and target identification times. Recent neurobiological findings (e.g., Nieder, 2011) on the neuronal coding of numerosity have reported a width of tuning curves of numerosity-selective neurons that suggests graded, distance-dependent coactivation of the representations of adjacent numbers, which in visual search would make it harder to reject numerically closer distractors as nontargets.
KW  - Numerical distance effect
KW  - Visual search
KW  - Category effect
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Numerical magnitude
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0342-8
SN  - 1943-3921
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1103
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -