TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Bieneck, Steffen
T1  - The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior
JF  - Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society
N2  - Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x
SN  - 0021-9029
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
SP  - 271
EP  - 290
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reuschel, Johanna
A1  - Rösler, Frank
A1  - Henriques, Denise Y. P.
A1  - Fiehler, Katja
T1  - Spatial updating depends on gaze direction even after loss of vision
JF  - The journal of neuroscience
N2  - Direction of gaze (eye angle + head angle) has been shown to be important for representing space for action, implying a crucial role of vision for spatial updating. However, blind people have no access to vision yet are able to perform goal-directed actions successfully. Here, we investigated the role of visual experience for localizing and updating targets as a function of intervening gaze shifts in humans. People who differed in visual experience (late blind, congenitally blind, or sighted) were briefly presented with a proprioceptive reach target while facing it. Before they reached to the target's remembered location, they turned their head toward an eccentric direction that also induced corresponding eye movements in sighted and late blind individuals. We found that reaching errors varied systematically as a function of shift in gaze direction only in participants with early visual experience (sighted and late blind). In the late blind, this effect was solely present in people with moveable eyes but not in people with at least one glass eye. Our results suggest that the effect of gaze shifts on spatial updating develops on the basis of visual experience early in life and remains even after loss of vision as long as feedback from the eyes and head is available.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2714-11.2012
SN  - 0270-6474
VL  - 32
IS  - 7
SP  - 2422
EP  - 2429
PB  - Society for Neuroscience
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tschentscher, Nadja
A1  - Hauk, Olaf
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Pulvermüller, Friedemann
T1  - You can count on the motor cortex finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers
JF  - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function
N2  - The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing.
KW  - Embodied cognition
KW  - Numerical cognaion
KW  - Finger counting habits
KW  - SNARC effect
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.037
SN  - 1053-8119
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 3139
EP  - 3148
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stadler, Waltraud
A1  - Ott, Derek V. M.
A1  - Springer, Anne
A1  - Schubotz, Ricarda I.
A1  - Schütz-Bosbach, Simone
A1  - Prinz, Wolfgang
T1  - Repetitive TMS suggests a role of the human dorsal premotor cortex in action prediction
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscienc
N2  - Predicting the actions of other individuals is crucial for our daily interactions. Recent evidence suggests that the prediction of object-directed arm and full-body actions employs the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Thus, the neural substrate involved in action control may also be essential for action prediction. Here, we aimed to address this issue and hypothesized that disrupting the PMd impairs action prediction. Using fMRI-guided coil navigation, rTMS (five pulses, 10Hz) was applied over the left PMd and over the vertex (control region) while participants observed everyday actions in video clips that were transiently occluded for 1s. The participants detected manipulations in the time course of occluded actions, which required them to internally predict the actions during occlusion. To differentiate between functional roles that the PMd could play in prediction, rTMS was either delivered at occluder-onset (TMS-early), affecting the initiation of action prediction, or 300 ms later during occlusion(TMS-late), affecting the maintenance of anongoing prediction. TMS-early over the left PMd produced more prediction errors than TMS-early over the vertex. TMS-late had no effect on prediction performance, suggesting that the left PMd might be involved particularly during the initiation of internally guided action prediction but may play a subordinate role in maintaining ongoing prediction. These findings open a new perspective on the role of the left PMd in action prediction which is in line with its functions in action control and in cognitive tasks. In the discussion, there levance of the left PMd for integrating external action parameters with the observer's motor repertoire is emphasized. Overall, the results are in line with the notion that premotor functions are employed in both action control and action observation.
KW  - action observation
KW  - prediction
KW  - occlusion
KW  - premotor
KW  - PMd
KW  - transcranial magnetic stimulation
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00020
SN  - 1662-5161
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Dambacher, Michael
A1  - Dimigen, Olaf
A1  - Jacobs, Arthur M.
A1  - Sommer, Werner
T1  - Eye movements and brain electric potentials during reading
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - The development of theories and computational models of reading requires an understanding of processing constraints, in particular of timelines related to word recognition and oculomotor control. Timelines of word recognition are usually determined with event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under conditions of serial visual presentation (SVP) of words; timelines of oculomotor control are derived from parameters of eye movements (EMs) during natural reading. We describe two strategies to integrate these approaches. One is to collect ERPs and EMs in separate SVP and natural reading experiments for the same experimental material (but different subjects). The other strategy is to co-register EMs and ERPs during natural reading from the same subjects. Both strategies yield data that allow us to determine how lexical properties influence ERPs (e.g., the N400 component) and EMs (e.g., fixation durations) across neighboring words. We review our recent research on the effects of frequency and predictability of words on both EM and ERP measures with reference to current models of eye-movement control during reading. Results are in support of the proposition that lexical access is distributed across several fixations and across brain-electric potentials measured on neighboring words.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0376-x
SN  - 0340-0727
VL  - 76
IS  - 2
SP  - 145
EP  - 158
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roesler, Frank
T1  - Some unsettled problems in behavioral neuroscience research
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - The goal of behavioral neuroscience is to map psychological concepts onto physiological and anatomical concepts and vice versa. The present paper reflects on some of the hidden obstacles that have to be overcome in order to find unique psychophysiological relationships. These are, among others: (1) the different status of concepts which are defined in the two domains (ontological subjectivity in psychology and ontological objectivity in physiology); (2) the distinct hierarchical levels to which concepts from the two domains may belong; (3) ambiguity of concepts, because-due to limited measurement resolution or definitional shortcomings-they sometimes do not cover unique states or processes; (4) ignored context dependencies. Moreover, it is argued that due to the gigantic number of states and state changes, which are possible in a nervous system, it seems unlikely that neuroscience can provide exact causal explanations and predictions of behavior. Rather, as in statistical thermodynamics the transition from the microlevel of explanations to the macrolevel is only possible with probabilistic uncertainty.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0408-6
SN  - 0340-0727
VL  - 76
IS  - 2
SP  - 131
EP  - 144
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goethe, Katrin
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Gendt, Anja
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.
KW  - working-memory capacity
KW  - interference model
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - general learning difficulty
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025660
SN  - 0012-1649
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
SP  - 459
EP  - 476
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis
JF  - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry
N2  - Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.
KW  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene
KW  - alcohol use
KW  - adolescents
KW  - parenting
KW  - gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x
SN  - 0021-9630
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 351
EP  - 359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Kröller, Katja
T1  - "Childhood overweight and obesity maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management"
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions.
 Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies.
 Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile.
 Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.
KW  - Maternal perception
KW  - Need for action
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Children
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-295
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jost, Kerstin
A1  - Khader, Patrick H.
A1  - Düsel, Peter
A1  - Richter, Franziska R.
A1  - Rohde, Kristina B.
A1  - Bien, Siegfried
A1  - Rösler, Frank
T1  - Controlling conflict from interfering long-term memory representations
JF  - Journal of cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Remembering is more than an activation of a memory trace. As retrieval cues are often not uniquely related to one specific memory, cognitive control should come into play to guide selective memory retrieval by focusing on relevant while ignoring irrelevant information. Here, we investigated, by means of EEG and fMRI, how the memory system deals with retrieval interference arising when retrieval cues are associated with two material types (faces and spatial positions), but only one is task-relevant. The topography of slow EEG potentials and the fMRI BOLD signal in posterior storage areas indicated that in such situations not only the relevant but also the irrelevant material becomes activated. This results in retrieval interference that triggers control processes mediated by the medial and lateral PFC, which are presumably involved in biasing target representations by boosting the task-relevant material. Moreover, memory-based conflict was found to be dissociable from response conflict that arises when the relevant and irrelevant materials imply different responses. The two types of conflict show different activations in the medial frontal cortex, supporting the claim of domain-specific prefrontal control systems.
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0898-929X
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 1173
EP  - 1190
PB  - MIT Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Gramann, Klaus
T1  - Attenuated modulation of brain activity accompanies emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia
JF  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
N2  - The personality trait alexithymia has been associated with deficits in emotion regulation; nevertheless, experimental investigations on this research question are sparse. We investigated reappraisal as one emotion regulation strategy in 44 healthy participants with high (HDA) versus low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. High density EEG and spatiotemporal current density reconstruction were used to characterize the time course of emotion regulation and to identify brain regions involved. Main results were that reappraisal was accompanied by reduced arousal and significant amplitude reduction of P3 and slow wave in the LDA group only. In contrast to the LDA group, reappraisal was not associated with an increase of activation in fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the HDA group. We demonstrate profound deficits in emotion regulation, which might contribute to everyday problems of social functioning in alexithymia.
KW  - Alexithymia
KW  - Emotion regulation
KW  - Reappraisal
KW  - Evoked potentials
KW  - Current source density reconstruction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01348.x
SN  - 0048-5772
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
SP  - 651
EP  - 658
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Preview fixation duration modulates identical and semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Semantic preview benefit from parafoveal words is critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. Semantic preview benefit has been demonstrated for Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm in which unrelated or semantically related previews of a target word N + 1 are replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N (Yan et al., 2009); for the target word in position N + 2, only identical compared to unrelated-word preview led to shorter fixation times on the target word (Yan et al., in press). A reanalysis of these data reveals that identical and semantic preview benefits depend on preview duration (i.e., the fixation duration on the preboundary word). Identical preview benefit from word N + 1 increased with preview duration. The identical preview benefit was also significant for N + 2, but did not significantly interact with preview duration. The previously reported semantic preview benefit from word N + 1 was mainly due to single- or first-fixation durations following short previews. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Semantic
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-010-9274-7
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 1093
EP  - 1111
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herbert, Beate M.
A1  - Muth, Eric R.
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Herbert, Cornelia
T1  - Interoception across modalities on the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The individual sensitivity for ones internal bodily signals ("interoceptive awareness'') has been shown to be of relevance for a broad range of cognitive and affective functions. Interoceptive awareness has been primarily assessed via measuring the sensitivity for ones cardiac signals ("cardiac awareness'') which can be non-invasively measured by heartbeat perception tasks. It is an open question whether cardiac awareness is related to the sensitivity for other bodily, visceral functions. This study investigated the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions in healthy female persons by using non-invasive methods. Heartbeat perception as a measure for cardiac awareness was assessed by a heartbeat tracking task and gastric sensitivity was assessed by a water load test. Gastric myoelectrical activity was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) and subjective feelings of fullness, valence, arousal and nausea were assessed. The results show that cardiac awareness was inversely correlated with ingested water volume and with normogastric activity after water load. However, persons with good and poor cardiac awareness did not differ in their subjective ratings of fullness, nausea and affective feelings after drinking. This suggests that good heartbeat perceivers ingested less water because they subjectively felt more intense signals of fullness during this lower amount of water intake compared to poor heartbeat perceivers who ingested more water until feeling the same signs of fullness. These findings demonstrate that cardiac awareness is related to greater sensitivity for gastric functions, suggesting that there is a general sensitivity for interoceptive processes across the gastric and cardiac modality.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036646
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Stephan
A1  - Rellum, Thomas
A1  - Freitag, Christine
A1  - Resch, Franz
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Dopamine inactivation efficacy related to functional DAT1 and COMT variants influences motor response evaluation
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting, response anticipation and movement evaluation. Thus, we examined the influence of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of motor processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
 Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as motor postimperative negative variation were assessed. Adolescents were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met and two DAT1 polymorphisms (variable number tandem repeats in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 8).
 Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between COMT and DAT1, indicating that COMT exerted stronger effects on lateralized motor post-processing (centro-parietal motor postimperative negative variation) in homozygous carriers of a DAT1 haplotype increasing DAT1 expression. Source analysis showed that the time interval 500-1000 ms after the motor response was specifically affected in contrast to preceding movement anticipation and programming stages, which were not altered.
 Conclusions: Motor slow negative waves allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on cortical motor post-processing during response evaluation. This is the first report to point towards epistatic effects in the motor system during response evaluation, i.e. during the post-processing of an already executed movement rather than during movement programming.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Goebel, Silke M.
T1  - Direction counts A comparative study of spatially directional counting biases in cultures with different reading directions
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - Western adults associate small numbers with left space and large numbers with right space. Where does this pervasive spatial-numerical association come from? In this study, we first recorded directional counting preferences in adults with different reading experiences (left to right, right to left, mixed, and illiterate) and observed a clear relationship between reading and counting directions. We then recorded directional counting preferences in pre-schoolers and elementary school children from three of these reading cultures (left to right, right to left, and mixed). Culture-specific counting biases existed before reading acquisition in children as young as 3 years and were subsequently modified by early reading experience. Together, our results suggest that both directional counting and scanning activities contribute to number-space associations.
KW  - Counting
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - Reading direction
KW  - Number-space association
KW  - Mental Number
KW  - Cross-cultural
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.12.005
SN  - 0022-0965
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
SP  - 275
EP  - 281
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yang, Jiongjiong
A1  - Wang, Aobing
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhu, Zijian
A1  - Chen, Cheng
A1  - Wang, Yizhou
T1  - Distinct processing for pictures of animals and objects Evidence from eye movements
JF  - Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association
N2  - Many studies have suggested that emotional stimuli orient and engage attention. There is also evidence that animate stimuli, such as those from humans and animals, cause attentional bias. However, categorical and emotional factors are usually mixed, and it is unclear to what extent human context influences attentional allocation. To address this issue, we tracked participants' eye movements while they viewed pictures with animals and inanimate images (i.e., category) as focal objects. These pictures had either negative or neutral emotional valence, and either human body parts or nonhuman parts were near the focal objects (i.e., context). The picture's valence, arousal, position, size, and most of the low-level visual features were matched across categories. The results showed that nonhuman animals were more likely to be attended to and to be attended to for longer times than inanimate objects. The same pattern held for the human contexts (vs. nonhuman contexts). The effects of emotional valence, category, and context interacted. Specifically, in images with a negative valence, focal animals and objects with human context had comparable numbers of gaze fixations and gaze duration. These results highlighted the attentional bias to animate parts of a picture and clarified that the effects of category, valence, and picture context interacted to influence attentional allocation.
KW  - emotion
KW  - category
KW  - attention
KW  - eye-tracking
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026848
SN  - 1528-3542
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 540
EP  - 551
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Multiple spatial mappings in numerical cognition
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - A recent cross-cultural comparison (Shaki, Fischer, & Petrusic, 2009) suggested that spatially consistent processing habits for words and numbers are a necessary condition for the spatial representation of numbers (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; SNARC effect). Here we reexamine the SNARC in Israelis who read text from right to left but numbers from left to right. We show that, despite these spatially inconsistent processing habits, a SNARC effect still emerges when the response dimension is spatially orthogonal to the conflicting processing dimension. These results clarify the cognitive conditions for spatial-numerical mappings.
KW  - mental number line
KW  - reading habits
KW  - SNARC
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027562
SN  - 0096-1523
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 804
EP  - 809
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - Computational modeling of collicular integration of perceptual responses and attention in microsaccades
JF  - The journal of neuroscience
N2  - During visual fixation on a target object, our eyes are not motionless but generate slow fixational eye movements and microsaccades. Effects of visual attention have been observed in both microsaccade rates and spatial directions. Experimental results, however, range from early (<200 ms) to late (>600 ms) effects combined with cue-congruent as well as cue-incongruent microsaccade directions. On the basis of well characterized neural circuitry in superior colliculus, we construct a dynamical model of neural activation that is modulated by perceptual input and visual attention. Our results show that additive integration of low-level perceptual responses and visual attention can explain microsaccade rate and direction effects across a range of visual cueing tasks. These findings suggest that the patterns of microsaccade direction observed in experiments are compatible with a single dynamical mechanism. The basic principles of the model are highly relevant to the general problem of integration of low-level perception and top-down selective attention.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0808-12.2012
SN  - 0270-6474
VL  - 32
IS  - 23
SP  - 8035
EP  - 8039
PB  - Society for Neuroscience
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Lexical and sublexical semantic preview benefits in chinese reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Semantic processing from parafoveal words is an elusive phenomenon in alphabetic languages, but it has been demonstrated only for a restricted set of noncompound Chinese characters. Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, this experiment examined whether parafoveal lexical and sublexical semantic information was extracted from compound preview characters. Results generalized parafoveal semantic processing to this representative set of Chinese characters and extended the parafoveal processing to radical (sublexical) level semantic information extraction. Implications for notions of parafoveal information extraction during Chinese reading are discussed.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026935
SN  - 0278-7393
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1075
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Romero-Sanchez, Monica
A1  - Megias, Jesus L.
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - The role of alcohol and victim sexual interest in spanish students' perceptions of sexual assault
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Two studies investigated the effects of information related to rape myths on Spanish college students' perceptions of sexual assault. In Study 1, 92 participants read a vignette about a nonconsensual sexual encounter and rated whether it was a sexual assault and how much the woman was to blame. In the scenario, the man either used physical force or offered alcohol to the woman to overcome her resistance. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was measured as an individual difference variable. Participants were more convinced that the incident was a sexual assault and blamed the woman less when the man had used force rather than offering her alcohol. In Study 2, 164 college students read a scenario in which the woman rejected a man's sexual advances after having either accepted or turned down his offer of alcohol. In addition, the woman was either portrayed as being sexually attracted to him or there was no mention of her sexual interest. Participants' RMA was again included. High RMA participants blamed the victim more than low RMA participants and were less certain that the incident was a sexual assault, especially when the victim had accepted alcohol and was described as being sexually attracted to the man. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and legal prosecution of sexual assault.
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - rape myth acceptance
KW  - alcohol
KW  - victim blame
KW  - token resistance
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511432149
SN  - 0886-2605
VL  - 27
IS  - 11
SP  - 2230
EP  - 2258
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  -