TY - JOUR A1 - Zaikin, Alexei A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Saparin, Peter A1 - Gowin, W. A1 - Prohaska, Steffen T1 - Modeling bone resorption in 2D CT and 3D mu CT images N2 - We study several algorithms to simulate bone mass loss in two-dimensional and three-dimensional computed tomography bone images. The aim is to extrapolate and predict the bone loss, to provide test objects for newly developed structural measures, and to understand the physical mechanisms behind the bone alteration. Our bone model approach differs from those already reported in the literature by two features. First, we work with original bone images, obtained by computed tomography (CT); second, we use structural measures of complexity to evaluate bone resorption and to compare it with the data provided by CT. This gives us the possibility to test algorithms of bone resorption by comparing their results with experimentally found dependencies of structural measures of complexity, as well as to show efficiency of the complexity measures in the analysis of bone models. For two-dimensional images we suggest two algorithms, a threshold algorithm and a virtual slicing algorithm. The threshold algorithm simulates bone resorption on a boundary between bone and marrow, representing an activity of osteoclasts. The virtual slicing algorithm uses a distribution of the bone material between several virtually created slices to achieve statistically correct results, when the bone-marrow transition is not clearly defined. These algorithms have been tested for original CT 10 mm thick vertebral slices and for simulated 10 mm thick slices constructed from ten I mm thick slices. For three-dimensional data, we suggest a variation of the threshold algorithm and apply it to bone images. The results of modeling have been compared with CT images using structural measures of complexity in two- and three-dimensions. This comparison has confirmed credibility of a virtual slicing modeling algorithm for two-dimensional data and a threshold algorithm for three-dimensional data Y1 - 2005 SN - 0218-1274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaikin, Alexey A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Optimal length transportation hypothesis to model proteasome product size distribution JF - Journal of biological physics : emphasizing physical principles in biological research ; an international journal for the formulation and application of mathematical models in the biological sciences N2 - This paper discusses translocation features of the 20S proteasome in order to explain typical proteasome length distributions. We assume that the protein transport depends significantly on the fragment length with some optimal length which is transported most efficiently. By means of a simple one-channel model, we show that this hypothesis can explain both the one- and the three-peak length distributions found in experiments. A possible mechanism of such translocation is provided by so-called fluctuation-driven transport. KW - proteasome KW - protein translocation KW - stochastic process KW - ratchets Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-006-9014-z SN - 0092-0606 VL - 32 IS - 3-4 SP - 231 EP - 243 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Zajnulina, Marina T1 - Optical frequency comb generation in optical fibres T1 - Generierung von optischen Frequenzkämmen in optischen Fasern N2 - Optical frequency combs (OFC) constitute an array of phase-correlated equidistant spectral lines with nearly equal intensities over a broad spectral range. The adaptations of combs generated in mode-locked lasers proved to be highly efficient for the calibration of high-resolution (resolving power > 50000) astronomical spectrographs. The observation of different galaxy structures or the studies of the Milky Way are done using instruments in the low- and medium resolution range. To such instruments belong, for instance, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope. The existing adaptations of OFC from mode-locked lasers are not resolvable by these instruments. Within this work, a fibre-based approach for generation of OFC specifically in the low- and medium resolution range is studied numerically. This approach consists of three optical fibres that are fed by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The first fibre is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is a suitably pumped amplifying Erbium-doped fibre with anomalous dispersion, and the third one is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear optical fibre. The evolution of a frequency comb in this system is governed by the following processes: as the two initial CW-laser waves with different frequencies propagate through the first fibre, they generate an initial comb via a cascade of four-wave mixing processes. The frequency components of the comb are phase-correlated with the original laser lines and have a frequency spacing that is equal to the initial laser frequency separation (LFS), i.e. the difference in the laser frequencies. In the time domain, a train of pre-compressed pulses with widths of a few pico-seconds arises out of the initial bichromatic deeply-modulated cosine-wave. These pulses undergo strong compression in the subsequent amplifying Erbium-doped fibre: sub-100 fs pulses with broad OFC spectra are formed. In the following low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre, the OFC experience a further broadening and the intensity of the comb lines are fairly equalised. This approach was mathematically modelled by means of a Generalised Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (GNLS) that contains terms describing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the delayed Raman response, the pulse self-steepening, and the linear optical losses as well as the wavelength-dependent Erbium gain profile for the second fibre. The initial condition equation being a deeply-modulated cosine-wave mimics the radiation of the two initial CW lasers. The numerical studies are performed with the help of Matlab scripts that were specifically developed for the integration of the GNLS and the initial condition according to the proposed approach for the OFC generation. The scripts are based on the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method (RK4IP) in combination with the local error method. This work includes the studies and results on the length optimisation of the first and the second fibre depending on different values of the group-velocity dispersion of the first fibre. Such length optimisation studies are necessary because the OFC have the biggest possible broadband and exhibit a low level of noise exactly at the optimum lengths. Further, the optical pulse build-up in the first and the second fibre was studied by means of the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis (SRBA). It was shown that a common soliton crystal state is formed in the first fibre for low laser input powers. The soliton crystal continuously dissolves into separated optical solitons as the input power increases. The pulse formation in the second fibre is critically dependent on the features of the pulses formed in the first fibre. I showed that, for low input powers, an adiabatic soliton compression delivering low-noise OFC occurs in the second fibre. At high input powers, the pulses in the first fibre have more complicated structures which leads to the pulse break-up in the second fibre with a subsequent degradation of the OFC noise performance. The pulse intensity noise studies that were performed within the framework of this thesis allow making statements about the noise performance of an OFC. They showed that the intensity noise of the whole system decreases with the increasing value of LFS. N2 - Optische Frequenzkämme (OFK) stellen ein diskretes optisches Spektrum mit phasenkorrelierten Linien dar, die gleichen spektralen Abstand voneinander haben und fast gleiche Intensität über einen größeren Spektralbereich aufweisen. In modengelockten Lasern generierte Kämme haben sich als höchst effizient für die Kalibrierung von hochauflösenden (Auflösungsvermögen > 50000) astronomischen Spektrografen erwiesen. Die astronomische Beobachtung von verschiedenen Galaxie-Strukturen oder die Studien der Milchstraße werden jedoch mit Hilfe von nieder- bis mittelauflösenden Instrumenten gemacht. Zu solchen Instrumenten gehören zum Beispiel der Multi-Spectroscopic-Exproler (MUSE), der gerade für das Very-Large-Telescope (VLT) der Europäischen Südsternwarte (ESO) entwickelt wird, und das 4-metre-Multi-Object-Spectroscopic-Telescope (4MOST), das sich in der Entwicklung für das ESO-VISTA-4,1m-Teleskop befindet. Die existierenden Anpassungen von OFK von modengelockten Lasern sind für solche Instrumente nicht auflösbar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein faserbasierter Ansatz für die Generierung von OFK für den Bereich der nieder- bis mittelauflösenden Instrumente numerisch studiert. Die experimentelle Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes besteht aus drei optischen Fasern, in die das Strahlungsfeld von zwei Dauerstrichlasern mit gleicher Intensität eingespeist wird. Die erste Faser ist eine konventionelle Monomodefaser, die zweite ist eine Erbium-dotierte Verstärkerfaser mit negativer Dispersion, die dritte ist eine hoch nichtlineare Faser mit niedriger Dispersion. Die Entwicklung eines OFKs in diesem System geschieht auf folgende Art und Weise: als die Laserwellen mit verschiedenen Frequenzen sich durch die erste Faser ausbreiten, erzeugen sie einen Anfangskamm durch einen Kaskadenprozess der Vier-Wellen-Mischung (VWM). Die neu entstandenen Frequenzkomponenten des Kamms sind frequenzkorreliert und haben einen spektralen Abstand, der der Laserfrequenzseparation (LFS) gleicht. Dies entspricht dem Entstehen von einem Zug von prä-komprimierten optischen Impulsen mit Impulsbreiten von einigen Pikosekunden. Diese Impulse werden strakt komprimiert in der nachfolgenden Erbium-dotierten Faser: es entstehen Sub-100-Femtosekunden-Impulse mit breiten OFK-Spektren. In der anschließenden hochnichtlinearen Faser wird das Kamm-Spektrum weiter verbreitet, während seine Frequenzlinien in ihren Intensitäten ausgeglichen werden. Dieser Ansatz wurde mathematisch mit Hilfe einer Verallgemeinerten Nichtlinearen Schrödinger Gleichung (VNSG) modelliert, die die Terme für den nichtlinearen optischen Kerr-Effekt, den Raman-Effekt, die Impuls-Selbstaufsteilung, die optischen Verluste und das wellenlängenabhängigen Erbium-Verstärkungsprofil für die zweite Faser enthält. Die Gleichung der Anfangsbedingung von der Form einer bichromatischen tief durchmodulierten Kosinus-Welle repräsentiert das Strahlungsfeld zweier Dauerstrichlaser. Die numerischen Studien sind mit Hilfe von Matlab-Skripten durchgeführt, die speziell für die numerische Integration der VNSG mit der bichromatischen Kosinus-Welle als Anfangsbedingung entworfen worden sind. Diese Skripte basieren auf dem numerischen Verfahren Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method, das mit der Methode der Auswertung von lokalen numerischen Fehlern kombiniert wurde. Diese Arbeit enthält die Studien und Resultate der Optimierung der Längen der ersten und der zweiten Faser in Abhängigkeit von der Gruppengeschwindigkeitsdispersion der ersten Faser. Solche Optimierungsstudien sind notwendig, da genau an solche optimierten Längen weisen die Frequenzkämme die größte Bandbreite auf sowie das niedrigste Rauschniveau. Des Weiteren wurde der Aufbau von optischen Impulsen in der ersten und der zweiten Faser des Ansatzes mittels der numerischen Technik Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis analysiert. Es wurde gezeigt, dass für niedrige Eingangsleistungen ein kollektiver Solitonenkristall in der ersten Faser generiert wird, der sich mit steigender Eingangsleistung in freie optische Solitonen auflöst. Was die zweite Faser betrifft, so wurde gezeigt, dass der Aufbau und Ausbreitung von optischen Impulsen in dieser Faser kritisch von den Eigenschaften der Impulse abhängt, die in der ersten Faser aufgebaut wurden. So findet adiabatische Solitonenkompression in der zweiten Faser statt, falls die Eingangsleistung niedrig ist und die Form der Impulse in der ersten Faser relativ einfach. Für höhere Eingangsleistungen ist der Aufbau und somit die Dynamik der Impulse in der ersten Faser komplizierter. Solche Impulse zerfallen dann in der zweiten Faser, was zum Erhöhen des Intensitätsrauschens führt. Die Studien des Intensitätsrauschens der optischen Impulse, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durchgeführt wurden, erlauben die Aussagen über das Rauschverhalten der OFK. Diese Studien haben gezeigt, dass das Intensitätsrauschen des Gesamtsystems (d.h. aller drei Fasern) mit steigender LFS nachlässt. KW - optical frequency combs KW - spectrograph calibration KW - generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation KW - four-wave mixing KW - optical solitons KW - optische Frequenzkämme KW - Kalibrierung von Spektrografen KW - verallgemeinerte nichlineare Schrödinger Gleichung KW - Vier-Wellen-Mischung KW - optische Solitonen Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88776 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zajnulina, Marina A1 - Boggio, Jose M. Chavez A1 - Böhm, Michael A1 - Rieznik, A. A. A1 - Fremberg, Tino A1 - Haynes, Roger A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Generation of optical frequency combs via four-wave mixing processes for low- and medium-resolution astronomy JF - Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics N2 - We investigate the generation of optical frequency combs through a cascade of four-wave mixing processes in nonlinear fibres with optimised parameters. The initial optical field consists of two continuous-wave lasers with frequency separation larger than 40 GHz (312.7 pm at 1531 nm). It propagates through three nonlinear fibres. The first fibre serves to pulse shape the initial sinusoidal-square pulse, while a strong pulse compression down to sub-100 fs takes place in the second fibre which is an amplifying erbium-doped fibre. The last stage is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre where the frequency comb bandwidth is increased and the line intensity is equalised. We model this system using the generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation and investigate it in terms of fibre lengths, fibre dispersion, laser frequency separation and input powers with the aim to minimise the frequency comb noise. With the support of the numerical results, a frequency comb is experimentally generated, first in the near infra-red and then it is frequency-doubled into the visible spectral range. Using a MUSE-type spectrograph, we evaluate the comb performance for astronomical wavelength calibration in terms of equidistancy of the comb lines and their stability. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6121-1 SN - 0946-2171 SN - 1432-0649 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 171 EP - 184 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zajnulina, Marina A1 - Böhm, Michael A1 - Blow, K. A1 - Rieznik, A. A. A1 - Giannone, Domenico A1 - Haynes, Roger A1 - Roth, Martin M. T1 - Soliton radiation beat analysis of optical pulses generated from two continuous-wave lasers JF - Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science N2 - We propose a fibre-based approach for generation of optical frequency combs (OFCs) with the aim of calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the low and medium-resolution range. This approach includes two steps: in the first step, an appropriate state of optical pulses is generated and subsequently moulded in the second step delivering the desired OFC. More precisely, the first step is realised by injection of two continuous-wave (CW) lasers into a conventional single-mode fibre, whereas the second step generates a broad OFC by using the optical solitons generated in step one as initial condition. We investigate the conversion of a bichromatic input wave produced by two initial CW lasers into a train of optical solitons, which happens in the fibre used as step one. Especially, we are interested in the soliton content of the pulses created in this fibre. For that, we study different initial conditions (a single cosine-hump, an Akhmediev breather, and a deeply modulated bichromatic wave) by means of soliton radiation beat analysis and compare the results to draw conclusion about the soliton content of the state generated in the first step. In case of a deeply modulated bichromatic wave, we observed the formation of a collective soliton crystal for low input powers and the appearance of separated solitons for high input powers. An intermediate state showing the features of both, the soliton crystal and the separated solitons, turned out to be most suitable for the generation of OFC for the purpose of calibration of astronomical spectrographs. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4930316 SN - 1054-1500 SN - 1089-7682 VL - 25 IS - 10 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - THES A1 - Zakharova, Anna T1 - Bifurcations in deterministic and stochastic systems and applications to biology Y1 - 2012 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakharova, Anna A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Vadivasova, Tatyana A1 - Koseska, Aneta T1 - Analysing dynamical behavior of cellular networks via stochastic bifurcations JF - PLoS one N2 - The dynamical structure of genetic networks determines the occurrence of various biological mechanisms, such as cellular differentiation. However, the question of how cellular diversity evolves in relation to the inherent stochasticity and intercellular communication remains still to be understood. Here, we define a concept of stochastic bifurcations suitable to investigate the dynamical structure of genetic networks, and show that under stochastic influence, the expression of given proteins of interest is defined via the probability distribution of the phase variable, representing one of the genes constituting the system. Moreover, we show that under changing stochastic conditions, the probabilities of expressing certain concentration values are different, leading to different functionality of the cells, and thus to differentiation of the cells in the various types. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019696 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 6 IS - 5 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakharova, Anna A1 - Vadivasova, Tatjana A1 - Anishchenko, Vadim S. A1 - Koseska, Aneta A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Stochastic bifurcations and coherencelike resonance in a self-sustained bistable noisy oscillator N2 - We investigate the influence of additive Gaussian white noise on two different bistable self-sustained oscillators: Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator with hard excitation and a model of a synthetic genetic oscillator. In the deterministic case, both oscillators are characterized with a coexistence of a stable limit cycle and a stable equilibrium state. We find that under the influence of noise, their dynamics can be well characterized through the concept of stochastic bifurcation, consisting in a qualitative change of the stationary amplitude distribution. For the Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator analytical results, obtained for a quasiharmonic approach, are compared with the result of direct computer simulations. In particular, we show that the dynamics is different for isochronous and anisochronous systems. Moreover, we find that the increase of noise intensity in the isochronous regime leads to a narrowing of the spectral line. This effect is similar to coherence resonance. However, in the case of anisochronous systems, this effect breaks down and a new phenomenon, anisochronous-based stochastic bifurcation occurs. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://pre.aps.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/Physreve.81.011106 SN - 1539-3755 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy T1 - Liquid crystallinity and alignment of ionic self-assembly complexes T1 - Flüssigkristallinität und Alignment ionischer Self-Assembly Komplexe N2 - In this work the first observation of new type of liquid crystals is presented. This is ionic self-assembly (ISA) liquid crystals formed by introduction of oppositely charged ions between different low molecular tectonic units. As practically all conventional liquid crystals consist of rigid core and alkyl chains the attention is focused to the simplest case where oppositely charged ions are placed between a rigid core and alkyl tails. The aim of this work is to investigate and understand liquid crystalline and alignment properties of these materials. It was found that ionic interactions within complexes play the main role. Presence of these interactions restricts transition to isotropic phase. In addition, these interactions hold the system (like network) allowing crystallization into a single domain from aligned LC state. Alignment of these simple ISA complexes was spontaneous on a glass substrate. In order to show potentials for application perylenediimide and azobenzene containing ISA complexes have been investigated for correlations between phase behavior and their alignment properties. The best results of macroscopic alignment of perylenediimide-based ISA complexes have been obtained by zone-casting method. In the aligned films the columns of the complex align perpendicular to the phase-transition front. The obtained anisotropy (DR = 18) is thermally stable. The investigated photosensitive (azobenzene-based) ISA complexes show formation of columnar LC phases. It was demonstrated that photo alignment of such complexes was very effective (DR = 50 has been obtained). It was shown that photo-reorientation in the photosensitive ISA complexes is cooperative process. The size of domains has direct influence on efficiency of the photo-reorientation process. In the case of small domains the photo-alignment is the most effective. Under irradiation with linearly polarized light domains reorient in the plane of the film leading to macroscopic alignment of columns parallel to the light polarization and joining of small domains into big ones. Finally, the additional distinguishable properties of the ISA liquid crystalline complexes should be noted: (I) the complexes do not solve in water but readily solve in organic solvents; (II) the complexes have good film-forming properties when cast or spin-coated from organic solvent; (III) alignment of the complexes depends on their structure and secondary interactions between tectonic units. N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig eine neue Klasse von Flüssigkristallen auf Basis ionischer Self-Assembly (ISA) Komplexe beschrieben. Während herkömmliche thermotrope Flüssigkristalle aus steifen, formanisotropen Molekülfragmenten und kovalent gebundenen Flügelgruppen (meist Alkylketten) bestehen, entstehen diese neuartigen supramolekularen Verbindungen durch die Komplexierung gegensätzlich geladener ionischer tektonischer Einheiten und Tenside. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die flüssigkristallinen und insbesondere die Orientierungseigenschaften dieser neuen Materialien am Beispiel repräsentativer Modellverbindungen zu untersuchen. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass die ionischen Wechselwirkungen die thermischen Eigenschaften der Verbindungen entscheidend beeinflussen. So behindern sie den Übergang in die isotrope Phase. Das System wird quasi durch ein Netzwerk ionischer Wechselwirkungen stabilisiert. Makroskopisch orientierte LC Zustände sind offensichtlich Ausgangspunkt für hochgeordnete flüssigkristalline Filme oder gar für die Kristallisation von Monodomänen. In speziellen Fällen erfolgt eine spontane Ausbildung von ISA Monodomänen bereits auf Glassubstraten. Mit Hinblick auf potentielle Anwendungen wurden Perylendiimid und Azobenzen enthaltene ISA Komplexe insbesondere hinsichtlich von Zusammenhängen zwischen Phasenverhalten und Orientierungseigenschaften untersucht. Die zone-casting Methode erwies sich als besonders geeignet für die makroskopische Orientierung perylendiimidbasierter ISA Komplexe. In orientierten Filmen richten sich die Kolumnen des Komplexes senkrecht zur Phasenübergangsfront aus. Das dabei erreichte dichroitische Verhältnis (DR=18) ist thermisch stabil. Die untersuchten Azobenzen basierten ISA Komplexe weisen kolumnare LC Phasen auf. Durch Photoalignment mittels linear polarisierten Lichts werden Komplexe sehr effektiv senkrecht bzw. die Columnen der Komplexe parallel zur Polarisation des Lichtes orientiert, wobei sehr hohe DR bis zu 50 erreicht wurden. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass die Photo-Reorientierung photosensitiver ISA Komplexe kooperativ erfolgt. Die Größe der Domänen hat dabei einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Effektivität des Photo-Reorientierungsprozesses. So ist der Prozess im Fall kleiner Domänen effektiver. Durch die Bestrahlung mit linear polarisiertem Licht werden die Domänen in der Filmebene reorientiert, was zu einer makroskopischen Ausrichtung der Kolumnen parallel zur Lichtpolarisation und zu einer Vereinigung kleiner Domänen führt. KW - Flüssigkristall KW - ionischer Self-Assembly KW - Komplex KW - Alignment KW - Liquid crystal KW - Ionic Self-Assembly KW - Complex KW - Alignment Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10048 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Morozova, Elena A1 - Lysyakova, Liudmila A1 - Kasyanenko, Nina A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - DNA compaction by azobenzene-containing surfactant JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We report on the interaction of cationic azobenzene-containing surfactant with DNA investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. The properties of the surfactant can be controlled with light by reversible switching of the azobenzene unit, incorporated into the surfactant tail, between a hydrophobic trans (visible irradiation) and a hydrophilic cis (UV irradiation) configuration. The influence of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene on the compaction process of DNA molecules and the role of both isomers in the formation and colloidal stability of DNA-surfactant complexes is discussed. It is shown that the trans isomer plays a major role in the DNA compaction process. The influence of the cis isomer on the DNA coil configuration is rather small. The construction of a phase diagram of the DNA concentration versus surfactant/DNA charge ratio allows distancing between three major phases: colloidally stable and unstable compacted globules, and extended coil conformation. There is a critical concentration of DNA above which the compacted globules can be hindered from aggregation and precipitation by adding an appropriate amount of the surfactant in the trans configuration. This is because of the compensation of hydrophobicity of the globules with an increasing amount of the surfactant. Below the critical DNA concentration, the compacted globules are colloidally stable and can be reversibly transferred with light to an extended coil state. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.021909 SN - 1539-3755 VL - 84 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy A1 - Richter, Marcel A1 - Zakrevska, Svitlana A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - von Klitzing, Regine A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Light-controlled reversible manipulation of microgel particle size using azobenzene-containing surfactant JF - Advanced functional materials N2 - The light-induced reversible switching of the swelling of microgel particles triggered by photo-isomerization and binding/unbinding of a photosensitive azobenzene-containing surfactant is reported. The interactions between the microgel (N-isopropylacrylamide, co-monomer: allyl acetic acid, crosslinker: N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) and the surfactant are studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering measurements. Addition of the surfactant above a critical concentration leads to contraction/collapse of the microgel. UV light irradiation results in trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit incorporated into the surfactant tail and causes an unbinding of the more hydrophilic cis isomer from the microgel and its reversible swelling. The reversible contraction can be realized by blue light irradiation that transfers the surfactant back to the more hydrophobic trans conformation, in which it binds to the microgel. The phase diagram of the surfactant-microgel interaction and transitions (aggregation, contraction, and precipitation) is constructed and allows prediction of changes in the system when the concentration of one or both components is varied. Remote and reversible switching between different states can be realized by either UV or visible light irradiation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200617 SN - 1616-301X VL - 22 IS - 23 SP - 5000 EP - 5009 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy A1 - Roxlau, Julian A1 - Brezesinski, Gerald A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Photosensitive surfactants: Micellization and interaction with DNA JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - Recently, photosensitive surfactants have re-attracted considerable attention. It has been shown that their association with oppositely charged biologically important polyelectrolytes, such as DNA or microgels, can be efficiently manipulated simply by light exposure. In this article, we investigate the self-assembly of photosensitive surfactants as well as their interactions with DNA by calorimetric and spectroscopic methods. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), standard micellization enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy were determined in different conditions (ionic strengths and temperatures) for a series of cationic surfactants with an azobenzene group in their tail. It is shown, that aggregation forces of photosensitive units play an important role in the micellization giving the major contribution to the micellization enthalpy. The onset of the aggregation can be traced from shift of the absorption peak position in the UV-visible spectrum. Titration UV-visible spectroscopy is used as an alternative, simple, and sensitive approach to estimate CMC. The titration UV-visible spectroscopy was also employed to investigate interactions (CAC: critical aggregation concentration, precipitation, and colloidal stabilization) in the DNA-surfactant complex. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862678 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 140 IS - 4 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy A1 - Titov, Evgenii A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Phase diagrams of DNA-photosensitive surfactant complexes: Effect of ionic strength and surfactant structure JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr N2 - Realization of all-optically controlled and efficient DNA compaction is the major motivation in the study of interactions between DNA and photosensitive surfactants. In this article, using recently published approach of phase diagram construction [Y. Zakrevskyy, P. Cywinski, M. Cywinska, J. Paasche, N. Lomadze, O. Reich, H.-G. Lohmannsroben, and S. Santer, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 044907 (2014)], a strategy for substantial reduction of compaction agent concentration and simultaneous maintaining the light-induced decompaction efficiency is proposed. The role of ionic strength (NaCl concentration), as a very important environmental parameter, and surfactant structure (spacer length) on the changes of positions of phase transitions is investigated. Increase of ionic strength leads to increase of the surfactant concentration needed to compact DNA molecule. However, elongation of the spacer results to substantial reduction of this concentration. DNA compaction by surfactants with longer tails starts to take place in diluted solutions at charge ratios Z < 1 and is driven by azobenzene-aggregation compaction mechanism, which is responsible for efficient decompaction. Comparison of phase diagrams for different DNA-photosensitive surfactant systems allowed explanation and proposal of a strategy to overcome previously reported limitations of the light-induced decompaction for complexes with increasing surfactant hydrophobicity. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4899281 SN - 0021-9606 SN - 1089-7690 VL - 141 IS - 16 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - THES A1 - Zaks, Michael A. T1 - Fractal Fourier spectra in dynamical systems N2 - Eine klassische Art, die Dynamik nichtlinearer Systeme zu beschreiben, besteht in der Analyse ihrer Fourierspektren. Für periodische und quasiperiodische Prozesse besteht das Fourierspektrum nur aus diskreten Deltafunktionen. Das Spektrum einer chaotischen Bewegung ist hingegen durch das Vorhandensein einer stetigen Komponente gekennzeichnet. In der Arbeit geht es um einen eigenartigen, weder regulären noch vollständig chaotischen Zustand mit sogenanntem singulärstetigen Leistungsspektrum. Unsere Analyse ergab verschiedene Fälle aus weit auseinanderliegenden Gebieten, in denen singulär stetige (fraktale) Spektren auftreten. Die Beispiele betreffen sowohl physikalische Prozesse, die auf iterierte diskrete Abbildungen oder gar symbolische Sequenzen reduzierbar sind, wie auch Prozesse, deren Beschreibung auf den gewöhnlichen oder partiellen Differentialgleichungen basiert. N2 - One of the classical ways to describe the dynamics of nonlinear systems is to analyze theur Fourier spectra. For periodic and quasiperiodic processes the Fourier spectrum consists purely of discrete delta-functions. On the contrary, the spectrum of a chaotic motion is marked by the presence of the continuous component. In this work, we describe the peculiar, neither regular nor completely chaotic state with so called singular-continuous power spectrum. Our investigations concern various cases from most different fields, where one meets the singular continuous (fractal) spectra. The examples include both the physical processes which can be reduced to iterated discrete mappings or even symbolic sequences, and the processes whose description is based on the ordinary or partial differential equations. KW - Nichtlineares dynamisches System / Harmonische Analyse / Fraktal KW - Dynamische Systeme KW - Leistungsspektrum KW - Autokorrelation KW - dynamical systems KW - power spectrum KW - autocorrelation Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000500 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Park, Eun Hyoung A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - On phase synchronization by periodic force in chaotic oscillators with saddle equilibria Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Synchrony breakdown and noise-induced oscillation death in ensembles of serially connected spin-torque oscillators JF - The European physical journal : B, Condensed matter and complex systems N2 - We consider collective dynamics in the ensemble of serially connected spin-torque oscillators governed by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski magnetization equation. Proximity to homoclinicity hampers synchronization of spin-torque oscillators: when the synchronous ensemble experiences the homoclinic bifurcation, the growth rate per oscillation of small deviations from the ensemble mean diverges. Depending on the configuration of the contour, sufficiently strong common noise, exemplified by stochastic oscillations of the current through the circuit, may suppress precession of the magnetic field for all oscillators. We derive the explicit expression for the threshold amplitude of noise, enabling this suppression. KW - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2019-100152-2 SN - 1434-6028 SN - 1434-6036 VL - 92 IS - 7 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Chimeras and complex cluster states in arrays of spin-torque oscillators N2 - We consider synchronization properties of arrays of spin-torque nano-oscillators coupled via an RC load. We show that while the fully synchronized state of identical oscillators may be locally stable in some parameter range, this synchrony is not globally attracting. Instead, regimes of different levels of compositional complexity are observed. These include chimera states (a part of the array forms a cluster while other units are desynchronized), clustered chimeras (several clusters plus desynchronized oscillators), cluster state (all oscillators form several clusters), and partial synchronization (no clusters but a nonvanishing mean field). Dynamically, these states are also complex, demonstrating irregular and close to quasiperiodic modulation. Remarkably, when heterogeneity of spin-torque oscillators is taken into account, dynamical complexity even increases: close to the onset of a macroscopic mean field, the dynamics of this field is rather irregular. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 384 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402180 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Chimeras and complex cluster states in arrays of spin-torque oscillators JF - Scientific reports N2 - We consider synchronization properties of arrays of spin-torque nano-oscillators coupled via an RC load. We show that while the fully synchronized state of identical oscillators may be locally stable in some parameter range, this synchrony is not globally attracting. Instead, regimes of different levels of compositional complexity are observed. These include chimera states (a part of the array forms a cluster while other units are desynchronized), clustered chimeras (several clusters plus desynchronized oscillators), cluster state (all oscillators form several clusters), and partial synchronization (no clusters but a nonvanishing mean field). Dynamically, these states are also complex, demonstrating irregular and close to quasiperiodic modulation. Remarkably, when heterogeneity of spin-torque oscillators is taken into account, dynamical complexity even increases: close to the onset of a macroscopic mean field, the dynamics of this field is rather irregular. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04918-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - On the generalized dimensions for the fourier spectrum of the thue-morse sequence Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaks, Michael A. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Symbolic dynamics behind the singular continuous power spectra of continuous flows Y1 - 1998 ER -