TY - JOUR A1 - Jones, Chris A1 - Wiesner, Karoline T1 - Clarifying how degree entropies and degree-degree correlations relate to network robustness JF - Entropy : an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies N2 - It is often claimed that the entropy of a network's degree distribution is a proxy for its robustness. Here, we clarify the link between degree distribution entropy and giant component robustness to node removal by showing that the former merely sets a lower bound to the latter for randomly configured networks when no other network characteristics are specified. Furthermore, we show that, for networks of fixed expected degree that follow degree distributions of the same form, the degree distribution entropy is not indicative of robustness. By contrast, we show that the remaining degree entropy and robustness have a positive monotonic relationship and give an analytic expression for the remaining degree entropy of the log-normal distribution. We also show that degree-degree correlations are not by themselves indicative of a network's robustness for real networks. We propose an adjustment to how mutual information is measured which better encapsulates structural properties related to robustness. KW - complex networks KW - network robustness KW - degree distribution entropy; KW - remaining degree entropy KW - mutual information of networks Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091182 SN - 1099-4300 VL - 24 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Dershowitz, Idan T1 - The dismembered bible T1 - Die zergliederte Bibel BT - cutting and pasting scripture in antiquity BT - Ausschneiden und Einfügen von heiligen Schriften in der Antike T3 - Forschungen zum Alten Testament (FAT) N2 - It is often presumed that biblical redaction was invariably done using conventional scribal methods, meaning that when editors sought to modify or compile existing texts, they would do so in the process of rewriting them upon new scrolls. There is, however, substantial evidence pointing to an alternative scenario: Various sections of the Hebrew Bible appear to have been created through a process of material redaction. In some cases, ancient editors simply appended new sheets to existing scrolls. Other times, they literally cut and pasted their sources, carving out patches of text from multiple manuscripts and then gluing them together like a collage. Idan Dershowitz shows how this surprising technique left behind telltale traces in the biblical text - especially when the editors made mistakes - allowing us to reconstruct their modus operandi. Material evidence from the ancient Near East and elsewhere further supports his hypothesis. N2 - Wesentliche Teile der Hebräischen Bibel wurden durch Ausschneiden und Einfügen erstellt. Textstellen aus vorbiblischen Manuskripten wurden herausgeschnitten und dann wie eine Collage wieder zusammengesetzt. Idan Dershowitz zeigt, wie diese überraschende Technik verräterische Spuren hinterließ, die sich offensichtlich auf den Seiten der Bibel verbergen. »Es handelt sich hier um eine äußerst anregende Studie, die die Forschungsdiskussion nachhaltig beeinflussen wird [...]. The Dismembered Bible ist ein herausragendes Beispiel dafür, was die Bibelwissenschaften von benachbarten Disziplinen lernen können und markiert hoffentlich erst den Anfang eines intensiveren Dialogs zwischen Exegese und der Forschung zu materiellen Aspekten der Textproduktion.« Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-16-159860-9 SN - 978-3-16-159861-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159861-6 VL - 143 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eulenfeld, Tom A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Heimann, Sebastian A1 - Wegler, Ulrich T1 - Fast and robust earthquake source spectra and moment magnitudes from envelope inversion JF - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA N2 - With the present study, we introduce a fast and robust method to calculate the source displacement spectra of small earthquakes on a local to regional scale. The work is based on the publicly available Qopen method of full envelope inversion, which is further tuned for the given purpose. Important source parameters-seismic moment, moment magnitude, corner frequency, and high-frequency fall off-are determined from the source spectra by fitting a simple earthquake source model. The method is demonstrated by means of a data set comprising the 2018 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. We report moment magnitudes, corner frequencies, and centroid moment tensors inverted from short-period body waves with the Grond package for all earthquakes with a local magnitude larger than 1.8. Moment magnitudes calculated by envelope inversion show a very good agreement to moment magnitudes resulting from the probabilisitc moment tensor inversion. Furthermore, source displacement spectra from envelope inversion show a good agreement with spectra obtained by multiple taper analysis of the direct onsets of body waves but are not affected by the large scatter of the second. The seismic moments obtained with the envelope inversion scale with corner frequencies according to M-0 proportional to f(c)(-4.7). Earthquakes of the present data set result in a smaller stress drop for smaller magnitudes. Self-similarity of earthquake rupture is not observed. In addition, we report frequency-dependent site amplification at the used stations. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210200 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 112 IS - 2 SP - 878 EP - 893 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - El Cerito, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henkel, Carsten A1 - Folman, Ron T1 - Internal decoherence in nano-object interferometry due to phonons JF - AVS Quantum Science N2 - We discuss the coherent splitting and recombining of a nanoparticle in a mesoscopic "closed-loop" Stern-Gerlach interferometer in which the observable is the spin of a single impurity embedded in the particle. This spin, when interacting with a pulsed magnetic gradient, generates the force on the particle. We calculate the internal decoherence, which arises as the displaced impurity excites internal degrees of freedom (phonons) that may provide WelcherWeg information and preclude interference. We estimate the constraints this decoherence channel puts on future interference experiments with massive objects. We find that for a wide range of masses, forces, and temperatures, phonons do not inhibit Stern-Gerlach interferometry with micro-scale objects. However, phonons do constitute a fundamental limit on the splitting of larger macroscopic objects if the applied force induces phonons. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0080503 SN - 2639-0213 VL - 4 IS - 2 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kluge, Lucas A1 - Levermann, Anders A1 - Schewe, Jacob T1 - Radiation model for migration with directional preferences JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The radiation model is a parameter-free model of human mobility that has been applied primarily for short-distance moves, such as commuting. When applied to migration, it underestimates the number of long-range moves, such as between different US states. Here we show that it additionally suffers from a conceptual inconsistency that can have substantial numerical effects on long-distance moves. We propose a modification of the radiation model that introduces a dependence on the angle between any two alternative potential destinations, accounting for the possibility that migrants may have preferences about the approximate direction of their move. We demonstrate that this modification mitigates the conceptual inconsistency and improves the model fit to observational migration data, without introducing any fitting parameters. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.064138 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 106 IS - 6 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omrani, Hadi A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Shamanian, Gholam Hossein A1 - Omrani, Mehdi T1 - Post-collisional alkaline lamprophyre magmatism in northern Iran BT - implications from whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions JF - The island arc : official journal of the Geological Society of Japan N2 - The Shanderman lamprophyre dykes crop out in the western part of the Alborz Mountains (Talesh). These rocks are classified as camptonites, composed of primary olivine, Ti-rich diopside, kaersutite, biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and minor Ti-rich spinels, magnetite, pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite, and powellite-scheelite. Secondary analcime-wairakite, serpentines, and prehnite are common minor minerals within the studied rocks. Olivine, Ti-rich diopside, spinel, and amphibole show distinct chemical zoning. Spinels display a core-to-rim decrease in Cr2O3, MgO, and Al2O3 concentrations and an increase in TiO2 and FeOT (total Fe as FeO), reflecting the oxidation state increase due to hydrothermal fluid influx. Low SiO2 contents (< 42 wt%), high MgO (12.44 to 13.98 wt%), and Fe2O3T (12.76 to 13.43 wt%), Cr (318-537 mu g/g) and Ni (231-327 mu g/g) contents indicate the ultrabasic nature of the rocks. The samples show potassic character (2.1-2.8 wt% K2O), along with elevated LREE and LILE, and also exhibit minor positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 1.09 to 1.20). Olivine-spinel geothermometry indicates a maximum crystallization temperature of 1227 degrees C (ave. 988 degrees C +/- 65 degrees C). Exsolution of pentlandite-pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite solid solutions occurred during magma cooling and crystallization. At lower temperatures, analcime-wairakite and prehnite partially replaced plagioclases. The geochemical modeling of the rocks indicates the Shanderman lamprophyre magmas were derived from low-grade melting (< 5%) of amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite source without or with very few phlogopites. The primary magma of Shanderman lamprophyres was derived from a depth of similar to 135 km by partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source in a post-collisional environment. KW - Alborz KW - analcime-wairakite KW - camptonite KW - pentlandite-pyrrhotite KW - chalcopyrite KW - powellite-scheelite KW - ultrabasic magma Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/iar.12469 SN - 1038-4871 SN - 1440-1738 VL - 31 IS - 1 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauzon, Camille A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana A1 - Fischer, Marie A1 - Ahlström, Johan A1 - Fritsch, Tilman A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Hryha, Eduard T1 - Impact of contour scanning and helium-rich process gas on performances of Alloy 718 lattices produced by laser powder bed fusion JF - Materials & Design N2 - Contour scanning and process gas type are process parameters typically considered achieving second order effects compared to first order factors such as laser power and scanning speed. The present work highlights that contour scanning is crucial to ensure geometrical accuracy and thereby the high performance under uniaxial compression of complex Alloy 718 lattice structures. Studies of X-ray computed tomography visualizations of as-built and compression-strained structures reveal the continuous and smooth bending and compression of the walls, and the earlier onset of internal contact appearance in the denser lattices printed with contour. In contrast, the effect of addition of He to the Ar process gas appears to have limited influence on the mechanical response of the lattices and their microstructure as characterized by electron backscattered diffraction. However, the addition of He proved to significantly enhance the cooling rate and to reduce the amount of the generated spatters as evidenced by in situ monitoring of the process emissions, which is very promising for the process stability and powder reusability during laser powder bed fusion. KW - additive manufacturing KW - laser powder bed fusion KW - gyroid lattice KW - process atmosphere KW - Alloy 718 KW - spatters Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110501 SN - 0264-1275 SN - 1873-4197 VL - 215 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaz da Cruz, Vinicius A1 - Mascarenhas, Eric J. A1 - Büchner, Robby A1 - Jay, Raphael M. A1 - Fondell, Mattis A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Foehlisch, Alexander T1 - Metal-water covalency in the photo-aquated ferrocyanide complex as seen by multi-edge picosecond X-ray absorption JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - In this work, we investigate the photo-aquation reaction of the ferrocyanide anion with multi-edge picosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy. Combining the information of the iron L-edge with nitrogen and oxygen K-edges, we carry out a complete characterization of the bonding channels in the [Fe(CN)(5)(H2O)](3-) photo-product. We observe clear spectral signatures of covalent bonding between water and the metal, reflecting the mixing of the Fe d(z)(2) orbital with the 3a(1) and 4a(1) orbitals of H2O. Additional fingerprints related to the symmetry reduction and the resulting loss in orbital degeneracy are also reported. The implications of the elucidated fingerprints in the context of future ultra-fast experiments are also discussed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp04084k SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 24 IS - 45 SP - 27819 EP - 27826 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vassileva, Magdalena A1 - Al-Halbouni, Djamil A1 - Motagh, Mahdi A1 - Walter, Thomas R. A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Wetzel, Hans-Ulrich T1 - A decade-long silent ground subsidence hazard culminating in a metropolitan disaster in Maceio, Brazil JF - Scientific reports N2 - Ground subsidence caused by natural or anthropogenic processes affects major urban areas worldwide. Sinkhole formation and infrastructure fractures have intensified in the federal capital of Maceio (Alagoas, Brazil) since early 2018, forcing authorities to relocate affected residents and place buildings under demolition. In this study, we present a 16-year history (2004-2020) of surface displacement, which shows precursory deformations in 2004-2005, reaching a maximum cumulative subsidence of approximately 200 cm near the Mundau Lagoon coast in November 2020. By integrating the displacement observations with numerical source modelling, we suggest that extensive subsidence can be primarily associated with the removal of localized, deep-seated material at the location and depth where salt is mined. We discuss the accelerating subsidence rates, influence of severe precipitation events on the aforementioned geological instability, and related hazards. This study suggests that feedback destabilization mechanisms may arise in evaporite systems due to anthropogenic activities, fostering enhanced and complex superficial ground deformation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87033-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stallasch, Sophie E. A1 - Lüdtke, Oliver A1 - Artelt, Cordula A1 - Brunner, Martin T1 - Multilevel design parameters to plan cluster-randomized intervention studies on student achievement in elementary and secondary school JF - Journal of research on educational effectiveness N2 - To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level. Previous research has mostly been conducted in the United States, focused on two-level designs, and limited to core achievement domains (i.e., mathematics, science, reading). Using representative data of students attending grades 1-12 from three German longitudinal large-scale assessments (3,963 <= N <= 14,640), we used three- and two-level latent (covariate) models to provide design parameters and corresponding standard errors for a broad array of domain-specific (e.g., mathematics, science, verbal skills) and domain-general (e.g., basic cognitive functions) achievement outcomes. Three covariate sets were applied comprising (a) pretest scores, (b) sociodemographic characteristics, and (c) their combination. Design parameters varied considerably as a function of the hierarchical level, achievement outcome, and grade level. Our findings demonstrate the need to strive for an optimal fit between design parameters and target research context. We illustrate the application of design parameters in power analyses. KW - Intraclass correlation KW - explained variance KW - large-scale assessment KW - multilevel latent (covariate) model KW - power analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2020.1823539 SN - 1934-5747 SN - 1934-5739 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 172 EP - 206 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohdan, Artem A1 - Weidl, Martin S. A1 - Morris, Paul J. A1 - Pohl, Martin T1 - The electron foreshock at high-Mach-number non-relativistic oblique shocks JF - Physics of plasmas N2 - In the Universe, matter outside of stars and compact objects is mostly composed of collisionless plasma. The interaction of a supersonic plasma flow with an obstacle results in collisionless shocks that are often associated with intense nonthermal radiation and the production of cosmic ray particles. Motivated by simulations of non-relativistic high-Mach-number shocks in supernova remnants, we investigate the instabilities excited by relativistic electron beams in the extended foreshock of oblique shocks. The phase-space distributions in the inner and outer foreshock regions are derived with a particle-in-cell simulation of the shock and used as initial conditions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions to study their relaxation toward equilibrium. We find that the observed electron-beam instabilities agree very well with the predictions of a linear dispersion analysis: the electrostatic electron-acoustic instability dominates in the outer region of the foreshock, while the denser electron beams in the inner foreshock drive the gyroresonant oblique-whistler instability. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084544 SN - 1070-664X SN - 1089-7674 VL - 29 IS - 5 PB - AIP Publishing CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - Moderation of technology use in the association between self-isolation during COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' romantic relationship quality JF - Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of technology use for relationship maintenance on the longitudinal associations among self-isolation during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and romantic relationship quality among adolescents. Participants were 239 (120 female; M age = 16.69, standard deviation [SD] = 0.61; 60 percent Caucasian) 11th and 12th graders from three midwestern high schools. To qualify for this study, adolescents had to be in the same romantic relationship for the duration of the study, similar to 7 months (M length of relationship = 10.03 months). Data were collected in October of 2019 (Time 1) and again 7 months later in May of 2020 (Time 2). Adolescents completed a romantic relationship questionnaire at Time 1 and again at Time 2, along with questionnaires on frequency of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance. Findings revealed that increases in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic related positively to the use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance and negatively to Time 2 romantic relationship quality. High use of technology for romantic relationship maintenance buffered against the negative effects of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' romantic relationship quality 7 months later, whereas low use strengthened the negative relationship between self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and romantic relationship quality. These findings suggest the importance of considering the implications of societal crisis or pandemics on adolescents' close relationships, particularly their romantic relationships. KW - romantic relationship KW - COVID-19 KW - coronavirus KW - technology KW - romantic KW - relationship quality KW - adolescent Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0729 SN - 2152-2715 SN - 2152-2723 VL - 24 IS - 7 SP - 493 EP - 498 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Rui A1 - Wen, Tao A1 - Amalberti, Julien A1 - Zheng, Jian A1 - Hao, Fang A1 - Jiang, Dingchuan T1 - The dichotomy in noble gas signatures linked to tectonic deformation in Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale, Sichuan Basin JF - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry N2 - Geochemical homogeneity in shale is often assumed when tracing subsurface fluids and characterizing sedimentary basins. This study presents measurements of the bulk gas composition, stable isotopes, and noble gas volume fraction and isotopes for shale gas samples collected from gas wells in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale, the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The dryness [C-1 /(C-2 + C-3)] ranging from 166.3 to 251.2, combined with delta C-13(1) and delta DC1 that vary from -28.8 to -27.3 parts per thousand and - 153 to -145 parts per thousand, respectively, point to a late mature thermogenic origin of hydrocarbon gas. He-3/He-4 ratios of gas samples are around 0.01 times the air value suggesting dominantly crust-derived He. Ne-21/Ne-22 and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios of many gas samples are higher than the corresponding air values indicating the mixing of crustal and atmospheric noble gases. Multiple dichotomous patterns are observed in noble gas signatures of forelimb and backlimb samples, and depression and crest samples. Ne-20/Ne-22 ratios of some crest samples are higher than that of depression samples in the backlimb, pointing to the presence of diffusion-driven fractionation that is likely caused by the long-distance migration from depression to crest. Elemental ratios of air-derived noble gas isotopes - Ne-22/Ar-36, Kr-84/Ar-36, and Xe-132/Ar-36 are compared to the recharge water values, suggesting the interactions of oil, gas, and water phases in the shale over geologic time. Forelimb samples generally display older ages than backlimb samples, indicating a larger flux of external radiogenic He-4 due to the higher density of deep faults in the forelimb area caused by the basementinvolved deformation. The basement-involved deformation also causes pore collapse especially in the forelimb leading to a lower porosity that results in a more pristine noble gas signature in the forelimb due to the reduced impact of younger recharge water. KW - reservoir compartmentalization KW - diffusion KW - isotope fractionation KW - phase KW - partitioning KW - noble gas Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120412 SN - 0009-2541 SN - 1872-6836 VL - 581 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Hong, Jun Sung A1 - Wachs, Sebastian T1 - The relationship between parenting styles and relationally victimized during adolescence JF - Journal of familiy trauma, child custody & child development N2 - The present study examined the moderating role of parents' victimization status during adolescence in the associations between parenting styles, depression, and anxiety among relationally victimized adolescents. There were 436 relationally victimized adolescents (M age = 13.26 years, SD = .56) included in this study, along with their parents (n = 436; M age = 47.01 years, SD = .83; 86% mothers), from the Midwestern region of the United States (N = 872). Adolescents completed questionnaires on their experiences of relational victimization, depression, and anxiety, and perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. Their parents completed a questionnaire on their relational victimization status during adolescence. Findings from the study revealed that the relationships between the permissive parenting style, depression, and anxiety among relationally victimized adolescents were stronger when adolescents' parents were also victims of relational bullying during adolescence. These findings underscore the importance of considering parents' peer victimization history during adolescence. KW - Adolescent KW - anxiety KW - authoritarian KW - authoritative KW - depression KW - parenting KW - style KW - permissive KW - relational victimization Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/26904586.2021.1918036 SN - 2690-4586 SN - 2690-4594 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 107 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia, PA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, Jessica A1 - Göhmann, Philip Jonas A1 - Zemella, Anne A1 - Kubick, Stefan T1 - Oligomerization of the heteromeric γ-aminobutyric acid receptor GABAB in a eukaryotic cell-free system JF - Scientific reports N2 - Understanding the assembly mechanism and function of membrane proteins is a fundamental problem in biochemical research. Among the membrane proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class in the human body and have long been considered to function as monomers. Nowadays, the oligomeric assembly of GPCRs is widely accepted, although the functional importance and therapeutic intervention remain largely unexplored. This is partly due to difficulties in the heterologous production of membrane proteins. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) with its endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived structures has proven as a technique to address this issue. In this study, we investigate for the first time the conceptual CFPS of a heteromeric GPCR, the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA(B)), from its protomers BR1 and BR2 using a eukaryotic cell-free lysate. Using a fluorescence-based proximity ligation assay, we provide evidence for colocalization and thus suggesting heterodimerization. We prove the heterodimeric assembly by a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer saturation assay providing the manufacturability of a heterodimeric GPCR by CFPS. Additionally, we show the binding of a fluorescent orthosteric antagonist, demonstrating the feasibility of combining the CFPS of GPCRs with pharmacological applications. These results provide a simple and powerful experimental platform for the synthesis of heteromeric GPCRs and open new perspectives for the modelling of protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the presented technology enables the targeting of protein assemblies as a new interface for pharmacological intervention in disease-relevant dimers. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24885-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - [London] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andjelkovic, Marko A1 - Marjanovic, Milos A1 - Drasko, Bojan A1 - Calligaro, Cristiano A1 - Schrape, Oliver A1 - Gatti, Umberto A1 - Kuentzer, Felipe A. A1 - Ilic, Stefan A1 - Ristic, Goran A1 - Krstić, Miloš T1 - Analysis of single event transient effects in standard delay cells based on decoupling capacitors JF - Journal of circuits, systems, and computers : JCSC N2 - Single Event Transients (SETs), i.e., voltage glitches induced in combinational logic as a result of the passage of energetic particles, represent an increasingly critical reliability threat for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) employed in space missions. In rad-hard ICs implemented with standard digital cells, special design techniques should be applied to reduce the Soft Error Rate (SER) due to SETs. To this end, it is essential to consider the SET robustness of individual standard cells. Among the wide range of logic cells available in standard cell libraries, the standard delay cells (SDCs) implemented with the skew-sized inverters are exceptionally vulnerable to SETs. Namely, the SET pulses induced in these cells may be hundreds of picoseconds longer than those in other standard cells. In this work, an alternative design of a SDC based on two inverters and two decoupling capacitors is introduced. Electrical simulations have shown that the propagation delay and SET robustness of the proposed delay cell are strongly influenced by the transistor sizes and supply voltage, while the impact of temperature is moderate. The proposed design is more tolerant to SETs than the SDCs with skew-sized inverters, and occupies less area compared to the hardening configurations based on partial and complete duplication. Due to the low transistor count (only six transistors), the proposed delay cell could also be used as a SET filter. KW - single event transients KW - standard delay cells KW - decoupling capacitors Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126622400072 SN - 0218-1266 SN - 1793-6454 VL - 31 IS - 18 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stojanović, Ivan A1 - Židov, Bruno A1 - Travkova, Oksana A1 - Grigoriev, Dmitry T1 - Enhanced protective performance of waterborne, microcontainers-doped coatings in harsh environments JF - Progress in organic coatings : an international journal N2 - In this study, the corrosion inhibitors Zinc oleate and 8-Hydroxyquinoline were successfully encapsulated using an interfacial polyaddition method. As such they were dispersed at different concentrations within the waterborne coating matrix. The resulting composite coatings were applied to the low carbon steel substrates. Successful synthesis and morphological characteristics of microcontainers loaded with inhibitors were confirmed using various characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric measurements are techniques used to define the surface, dimensional, and dispersive characteristics of containers, and the share of encapsulated inhibitors. The release study defined the discharge kinetics of the corrosion inhibitor from the microcontainers dispersed freely in an aqueous medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the anticorrosive performance of the samples continuously exposed to various corrosive environments of salt and humidity chambers and NaCl solution. Special emphasis was placed on adhesion testing and visual observations during the exposure period. Significant improvements have been noted in terms of corrosion resistance, which, however, depend on the type of inhibitor used, the concentration of the containers embedded in the coating matrix and on the characteristics of the corrosive environment. KW - Self-protecting coatings KW - Interfacial polyaddition KW - Inhibitor loaded KW - microcontainers KW - Corrosion inhibitors Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106273 SN - 0300-9440 SN - 1873-331X VL - 157 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Uygun, Serkan T1 - Optional plural agreement in heritage Turkish speakers' verb form choices JF - Heritage language Journal N2 - Turkish 3rd person plural subjects are frequently used with verbs that are unmarked for number, with plural suffix omission influenced by semantic and word-order related constraints. Previous findings from judgment tasks indicate that monolingual and heritage Turkish speakers differ in the way they are affected by these constraints. This study builds and expands upon previous research by investigating the role of word order in more detail, and by examining whether the constraint weightings obtained from Uygun and Felser's (2021) acceptability judgment data are able to predict speakers' verb form choices in a timed sentence completion task. Besides confirming that word-order related constraints are information-structural in nature, our results show that heritage speakers over-produce plural-marked verbs in comparison to monolingual speakers, indicating between-group differences in constraint ranking. We interpret this as reflecting a tendency among Turkish heritage speakers to regularize the agreement system, which is not necessarily observed in metalinguistic judgment tasks. KW - subject-verb agreement KW - optionality KW - Turkish heritage speakers KW - subject KW - animacy KW - word order KW - Gradient Symbolic Computation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15507076-bja10004 SN - 1550-7076 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brönneke, Jan Benedikt A1 - Müller, Jennifer A1 - Mouratis, Konstantinos A1 - Hagen, Julia A1 - Stern, Ariel Dora T1 - Regulatory, legal, and market aspects of smart wearables for cardiac monitoring JF - Sensors N2 - In the area of cardiac monitoring, the use of digitally driven technologies is on the rise. While the development of medical products is advancing rapidly, allowing for new use-cases in cardiac monitoring and other areas, regulatory and legal requirements that govern market access are often evolving slowly, sometimes creating market barriers. This article gives a brief overview of the existing clinical studies regarding the use of smart wearables in cardiac monitoring and provides insight into the main regulatory and legal aspects that need to be considered when such products are intended to be used in a health care setting. Based on this brief overview, the article elaborates on the specific requirements in the main areas of authorization/certification and reimbursement/compensation, as well as data protection and data security. Three case studies are presented as examples of specific market access procedures: the USA, Germany, and Belgium. This article concludes that, despite the differences in specific requirements, market access pathways in most countries are characterized by a number of similarities, which should be considered early on in product development. The article also elaborates on how regulatory and legal requirements are currently being adapted for digitally driven wearables and proposes an ongoing evolution of these requirements to facilitate market access for beneficial medical technology in the future. KW - medical devices KW - regulation KW - market access KW - smart wearables Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144937 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 21 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamlah, Robert A1 - Verma, Meetu A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Denker, Carsten T1 - Wavelength dependence of image quality metrics and seeing parameters and their relation to adaptive optics performance JF - Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics N2 - Ground-based solar observations are severely affected by Earth's turbulent atmosphere. As a consequence, observed image quality and prevailing seeing conditions are closely related. Partial correction of image degradation is nowadays provided in real time by adaptive optics (AO) systems. In this study, different metrics of image quality are compared with parameters characterizing the prevailing seeing conditions, i.e. Median Filter Gradient Similarity (MFGS), Median Filter Laplacian Similarity (MFLS), Helmli-Scherer mean, granular rms-contrast, differential image motion, and Fried-parameter r(0). The quiet-Sun observations at disk center were carried out at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Observatorio del Teide (OT), Izana, Tenerife, Spain. In July and August 2016, time series of short-exposure images were recorded with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) at various wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Correlation analysis yields the wavelength dependence of the image quality metrics and seeing parameters, and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is employed to characterize the seeing on a particular observing day. In addition, the image quality metrics and seeing parameters are used to determine the field dependence of the correction provided by the AO system. Management of high-resolution imaging data from large-aperture, ground-based telescopes demands reliable image quality metrics and meaningful characterization of prevailing seeing conditions and AO performance. The present study offers guidance on how retrieving such information ex post facto. KW - Granulation KW - Photosphere KW - Chromosphere KW - Image restoration KW - Adaptive KW - optics KW - Instrumentation and data management Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01771-y SN - 1573-093X VL - 296 IS - 2 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] ER -