TY - CHAP A1 - Kranstedt, Alfred A1 - Lücking, Andy A1 - Pfeiffer, Thies A1 - Rieser, Hannes A1 - Staudacher, Marc T1 - Measuring and reconstructing pointing in visual contexts N2 - We describe an experiment to gather original data on geometrical aspects of pointing. In particular, we are focusing upon the concept of the pointing cone, a geometrical model of a pointing’s extension. In our setting we employed methodological and technical procedures of a new type to integrate data from annotations as well as from tracker recordings. We combined exact information on position and orientation with rater’s classifications. Our first results seem to challenge classical linguistic and philosophical theories of demonstration in that they advise to separate pointings from reference. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10362 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lücking, Andy A1 - Rieser, Hannes A1 - Staudacher, Marc T1 - SDRT and multi-modal situated communication N2 - Classical SDRT (Asher and Lascarides, 2003) discussed essential features of dialogue like adjacency pairs or corrections and up-dating. Recent work in SDRT (Asher, 2002, 2005) aims at the description of natural dialogue. We use this work to model situated communication, i.e. dialogue, in which sub-sentential utterances and gestures (pointing and grasping) are used as conventional modes of communication. We show that in addition to cognitive modelling in SDRT, capturing mental states and speech-act related goals, special postulates are needed to extract meaning out of contexts. Gestural meaning anchors Discourse Referents in contextually given domains. Both sorts of meaning are fused with the meaning of fragments to get at fully developed dialogue moves. This task accomplished, the standard SDRT machinery, tagged SDRSs, rhetorical relations, the up-date mechanism, and the Maximize Discourse Coherence constraint generate coherent structures. In sum, meanings from different verbal and non-verbal sources are assembled using extended SDRT to form coherent wholes. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10348 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lascarides, Alex A1 - Stone, Matthew T1 - Formal semantics for iconic gesture N2 - We present a formal analysis of iconic coverbal gesture. Our model describes the incomplete meaning of gesture that’s derivable from its form, and the pragmatic reasoning that yields a more specific interpretation. Our formalism builds on established models of discourse interpretation to capture key insights from the descriptive literature on gesture: synchronous speech and gesture express a single thought, but while the form of iconic gesture is an important clue to its interpretation, the content of gesture can be resolved only by linking it to its context. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10330 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Artstein, Ron A1 - Poesio, Massimo T1 - Identifying reference to abstract objects in dialogue N2 - In two experiments, many annotators marked antecedents for discourse deixis as unconstrained regions of text. The experiments show that annotators do converge on the identity of these text regions, though much of what they do can be captured by a simple model. Demonstrative pronouns are more likely than definite descriptions to be marked with discourse antecedents. We suggest that our methodology is suitable for the systematic study of discourse deixis. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10357 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hara, Yurie T1 - Question intonation and lexicalized bias expression N2 - This paper examines the interaction between different utterance types and the Japanese modal particle darou, and proposes that the decision-theoretic semantics accounts for the interaction among darou, sentence types and intonation. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10323 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Beyssade, Claire A1 - Marandin, Jean-Marie T1 - From complex to simple speech acts : a bidimensional analysis of illocutionary N2 - We present a new analysis of illocutionary forces in dialogue. We analyze them as complex conversational moves involving two dimensions: what Speaker commits herself to and what she calls on Addressee to perform. We start from the analysis of speech acts such as confirmation requests or whimperatives, and extend the analysis to seemingly simple speech acts, such as statements and queries. Then, we show how to integrate our proposal in the framework of the Grammar for Conversation (Ginzburg, to app.), which is adequate for modelling agents' information states and how they get updated. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10319 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thomas, Kavita E. T1 - Modelling Correction Signalled by "But" in Dialogue N2 - Claiming that cross-speaker "but" can signal correction in dialogue, we start by describing the types of corrections "but" can communicate by focusing on the Speech Act (SA) communicated in the previous turn and address the ways in which "but" can correct what is communicated. We address whether "but" corrects the proposition, the direct SA or the discourse relation communicated in the previous turn. We will also briefly address other relations signalled by cross-turn "but". After presenting a typology of the situations "but" can correct, we will address how these corrections can be modelled in the Information State model of dialogue, motivating this work by showing how it can be used to potentially avoid misunderstandings. We wrap up by showing how the model presented here updates beliefs in the Information State representation of the dialogue and can be used to facilitate response deliberation. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10308 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Karagjosova, Elena T1 - Correction and acceptance by contrastive focus N2 - An account is presented of the focus properties, common ground effect and dialogue behaviour of the accented German discourse marker "doch" and the accented sentence negation "nicht". It is argued that "doch" and "nicht" evoke as a focus alternative the logical complement of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they occur, and that an analysis in terms of contrastive focus accounts for their effect on the common ground and their function in dialogue. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10258 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hörner, Gerald A1 - Lau, Steffen A1 - Kantor, Zoltan A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Isotope selective analysis of CO2 with tunable diode laser (TDL) spectroscopy in the NIR N2 - The performance of a home-built tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer, aimed at multi-line detection of carbon dioxide, has been evaluated and optimized. In the regime of the (3001)III / (000) band of 12CO2 around 1.6 μm, the dominating isotope species 12CO2, 13CO2, and 12C18O16O were detected simultaneously without interference by water vapor. Detection limits in the range of few ppmv were obtained for each species utilizing wavelength modulation (WM) spectroscopy with balanced detection in a long-path absorption cell set-up. High sensitivity in conjunction with high precision —typically ±1‰ and ±6‰ for 3% and 0.7% of CO2, respectively— renders this experimental approach a promising analytical concept for isotope-ratio determination of carbon dioxide in soil and breath gas. For a moderate 12CO2 line, the pressure dependence of the line profile was characterized in detail, to account for pressure effects on sensitive measurements. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 020 KW - Isotopenverhältnis KW - Kohlendioxid KW - Diodenlaserspektroskopie KW - Isotope ratio KW - carbon monoxide KW - diode laser spectroscopy Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10167 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederkrüger, Matthias A1 - Salb, Christian A1 - Beck, Michael A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Marowsky, Gerd T1 - Improvement of a fluorescence immunoassay with a compact diode-pumped solid state laser at 315 nm N2 - We demonstrate the improvement of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) diagnostics in deploying a newly developed compact diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser with emission at 315 nm. The laser is based on the quasi-three-level transition in Nd:YAG at 946 nm. The pulsed operation is either realized by an active Q-switch using an electro-optical device or by introduction of a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber as passive Q-switch element. By extra-cavity second harmonic generation in different nonlinear crystal media we obtained blue light at 473 nm. Subsequent mixing of the fundamental and the second harmonic in a β-barium-borate crystal provided pulsed emission at 315 nm with up to 20 μJ maximum pulse energy and 17 ns pulse duration. Substitution of a nitrogen laser in a FIA diagnostics system by the DPSS laser succeeded in considerable improvement of the detection limit. Despite significantly lower pulse energies (7 μJ DPSS laser versus 150 μJ nitrogen laser), in preliminary investigations the limit of detection was reduced by a factor of three for a typical FIA. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 016 KW - Immunoassay KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Neodym-YAG-Laser KW - 946 nm KW - 473 nm KW - 315 nm KW - gepulster DPSS Laser KW - sättigbarer Absorber KW - fluorescence immunoassay KW - 946 nm KW - 473 nm KW - 315 nm KW - pulsed DPSS laser Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10150 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hörner, Gerald A1 - Lau, Steffen A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - NIR-diode laser spectroscopy for isotope-selective sensing of soil-respired carbon dioxide N2 - The performance of a home-built tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer has been optimized regarding multi-line detection of carbon dioxide in natural gases. In the regime of the (3001)III ← (000) band of 12CO2 around 1.6 μm, the dominating isotope species 12CO2, 13CO2, and 12C18O16O were detected simultaneously. In contrast to most established techniques, selective measurements are performed without any sample preparation. This is possible since the CO2 detection is free of interference from water, ubiquitous in natural gases. Detection limits in the range of a few ppmv were obtained for each species utilizing wavelength modulation (WM) spectroscopy with balanced detection in a long-path absorption cell set-up. Linear calibration plots cover a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude, allowing for quantitative CO2 detection in various samples, like soil and breath gas. High isotopic resolution enables the excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of the chosen analytical concept. The obtained isotopic resolution of typically ± 1.0 ‰ and ± 1.5 ‰ (for 3 vol. % and 0.7 vol. % of CO2, respectively) offers a promising analytical tool for isotope-ratio determination of carbon dioxide in soil gas. Preliminary experiments on soil respiration for the first time combine the on-line quantification of the overall carbon dioxide content with an optode sensor and isotopic determination (TDL system) of natural gas species. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 021 KW - Kohlendioxid KW - Isotopenverhältnis KW - Bodengas KW - Diodenlaserspektroskopie KW - tunable diode laser (TDL) KW - carbon dioxide KW - isotope ratios KW - soil gas Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10148 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lau, Steffen A1 - Salffner, Katharina A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Isotopic resolution of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide by NIR diode laser spectroscopy N2 - Near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy with tunable diode lasers allows the simultaneous detection of the three most important isotopologues of carbon dioxide (12CO2, 13CO2, 12C18O16O) and carbon monoxide (12CO, 13CO, 12C18O). The flexible and compact fiber-optic tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) allows selective measurements of CO2 and CO with high isotopic resolution without sample preparation since there is no interference with water vapour. For each species, linear calibration plots with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude and detection limits (LOD) in the range of a few ppm were obtained utilizing wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with balanced detection in a Herriott-type multipass cell. The high performance of the apparatus is illustrated by fill-evacuation-refill cycles. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 017 KW - Isotop KW - Kohlenmonoxid KW - Kohlendioxid KW - Diodenlaserspektroskopie KW - isotope KW - carbon monoxide KW - carbon dioxide KW - diode laser spectroscopy Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10135 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Beck, Michael A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko A1 - Schmälzlin, Elmar A1 - van Dongen, Joost T. T1 - New challenges in biophotonics : laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring N2 - Two examples of our biophotonic research utilizing nanoparticles are presented, namely laser-based fluoroimmuno analysis and in-vivo optical oxygen monitoring. Results of the work include significantly enhanced sensitivity of a homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay and markedly improved spatial resolution of oxygen gradients in root nodules of a legume species. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 018 KW - Sauerstoff KW - Quantenpunkt KW - Lumineszenz KW - Immunoassay KW - Energietransfer KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Nanopartikel KW - Lanthanoide KW - Optode KW - Förster Resonanz Energie Transfer KW - Biophotonik KW - biophotonics KW - nanoparticles KW - immunoassay KW - oxygen KW - optode Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10120 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vlugter, Peter A1 - Knott, Alistair T1 - A multi-speaker dialogue system for computer-aided language learning N2 - The main topic of this paper is how to configure a dialogue system to support computer-aided language learning. The paper also serves to introduce our new multi-speaker dialogue system, and highlight some of its novel features. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10208 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dzikovska, Myroslava O. A1 - Callaway, Charles B. A1 - Stone, Matthew A1 - Moore, Johanna D. T1 - Understanding student input for tutorial dialogue in procedural domains N2 - We present an analysis of student language input in a corpus of tutoring dialogue in the domain of symbolic differentiation. Our focus on procedural tutoring makes the dialogue comparable to collaborative problem-solving (CPS). Existing CPS models describe the process of negotiating plans and goals, which also fits procedural tutoring. However, we provide a classification of student utterances and corpus annotation which shows that approximately 28% of non-trivial student language in this corpus is not accounted for by existing models, and addresses other functions, such as evaluating past actions or correcting mistakes. Our analysis can be used as a foundation for improving models of tutoring dialogue. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10193 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfleger, Norbert A1 - Alexandersson, Jan T1 - Towards resolving referring expressions by implicitly activated referents in practical dialogue systems N2 - We present an extension to a comprehensive context model that has been successfully employed in a number of practical conversational dialogue systems. The model supports the task of multimodal fusion as well as that of reference resolution in a uniform manner. Our extension consists of integrating implicitly mentioned concepts into the context model and we show how they serve as candidates for reference resolution. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10187 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tavassoli, Gholam-Abbas T1 - Islamic movements in Iran N2 - The modernist Islamic Movement sought to reconcile modern values and Islamic faith and attempted to express these values through an Islamic discourse and to reform political, religious and educational institutions along modernist lines. However, such a movement in the Islamic Republic of Iran raised controversy among the traditional leadership and secular intellectual groups. The aim of this paper is to discuss how far modernist Islam could progress in an islamic republic with an old tradition. KW - Iran KW - Modernisierung KW - Islam KW - islamistische Bewegungen KW - Iran KW - modernization KW - Islam KW - Islamic movements Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9699 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beck, Michael A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Quantum dots as acceptors in FRET-assays containing serum N2 - Quantum dots (QDs) are common as luminescing markers for imaging in biological applications because their optical properties seem to be inert against their surrounding solvent. This, together with broad and strong absorption bands and intense, sharp tuneable luminescence bands, makes them interesting candidates for methods utilizing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), e. g. for sensitive homogeneous fluoroimmunoassays (FIA). In this work we demonstrate energy transfer from Eu3+-trisbipyridin (Eu-TBP) donors to CdSe-ZnS-QD acceptors in solutions with and without serum. The QDs are commercially available CdSe-ZnS core-shell particles emitting at 655 nm (QD655). The FRET system was achieved by the binding of the streptavidin conjugated donors with the biotin conjugated acceptors. After excitation of Eu-TBP and as result of the energy transfer, the luminescence of the QD655 acceptors also showed lengthened decay times like the donors. The energy transfer efficiency, as calculated from the decay times of the bound and the unbound components, amounted to 37%. The Förster-radius, estimated from the absorption and emission bands, was ca. 77 Å. The effective binding ratio, which not only depends on the ratio of binding pairs but also on unspecific binding, was obtained from the donor emission dependent on the concentration. As serum promotes unspecific binding, the overall FRET efficiency of the assay was reduced. We conclude that QDs are good substitutes for acceptors in FRET if combined with slow decay donors like Europium. The investigation of the influence of the serum provides guidance towards improving binding properties of QD assays. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 019 KW - Quantenpunkt KW - Lumineszenz KW - Serum KW - Europium KW - Immunoassay KW - Energietransfer KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Förster-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Quantum Dot KW - Luminescence KW - Serum KW - Europium KW - Immunoassay KW - Energy Transfer KW - FRET Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9504 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jannedy, Stefanie A1 - Mendoza-Denton, Norma T1 - Structuring information through gesture and intonation JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - Face-to-face communication is multimodal. In unscripted spoken discourse we can observe the interaction of several "semiotic layers", modalities of information such as syntax, discourse structure, gesture, and intonation. We explore the role of gesture and intonation in structuring and aligning information in spoken discourse through a study of the co-occurrence of pitch accents and gestural apices. Metaphorical spatialization through gesture also plays a role in conveying the contextual relationships between the speaker, the government and other external forces in a naturally-occurring political speech setting. KW - gesture KW - intonation KW - spoken discourse KW - narrative structure KW - political speech KW - affect Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8774 SN - 1866-4725 SN - 1614-4708 IS - 3 SP - 199 EP - 244 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sennema, Anke A1 - van de Vijver, Ruben A1 - Carroll, Susanne E. A1 - Zimmer-Stahl, Anne T1 - Focus accent, word length and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 N2 - The present study examines native and nonnative perceptual processing of semantic information conveyed by prosodic prominence. Five groups of German learners of English each listened to one of 5 experimental conditions. Three conditions differed in place of focus accent in the sentence and two conditions were with spliced stimuli. The experiment condition was presented first in the learners’ L1 (German) and then in a similar set in the L2 (English). The effect of the accent condition and of the length and position of the target in the sentence was evaluated in a probe recognition task. In both the L1 and L2 tasks there was no significant effect in any of the five focus conditions. Target position and target word length had an effect in the L1 task. Word length did not affect accuracy rates in the L2 task. For probe recognition in the L2, word length and the position of the target interacted with the focus condition. KW - bilingual word processing KW - prosodic prominence Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8769 SN - 1866-4725 SN - 1614-4708 IS - 3 SP - 183 EP - 198 ER -