TY - JOUR A1 - Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie A1 - Maiwald, Lisa Marie A1 - Schindler, Svenja A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Wie wirkt sich mehrmaliges Kompetenz-Feedback auf psychotherapeutische Behandlungen aus? T1 - How does multiple competence feedback affect psychotherapeutic treatment? BT - eine qualitative Analyse BT - a qualitative analysis JF - Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund: Einflüsse von therapeutenorientiertem Kompetenz-Feedback in der Psychotherapieausbildung wurden bislang wenig untersucht. Fragestellung: Wie gehen Ausbildungstherapeuten mit Feedback um? Welchen Einfluss hat ein regelmäßiges Kompetenz-Feedback auf die Qualität psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen (insbesondere Therapiesitzungen, therapeutische Beziehung, Person des Therapeuten, Supervision)? Methode: Elf Therapeuten wurden mithilfe eines halbstrukturierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Ergebnisse: Das auf Basis der Interviews erstellte Kategoriensystem umfasste die Kategorien „Erwartungen an das Feedback“, „Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks“, „Verarbeitung von und Umgang mit Feedback“, „Folgen, Auswirkungen und Veränderungen durch Feedback“ sowie „Verbesserungswünsche“. Schlussfolgerungen: Therapeuten streben eine Umsetzung des Feedbacks an, welches sich auf die Behandlung, die Supervision, die eigene Person und die therapeutische Beziehung auswirkt. N2 - Background: To date, the influence of therapist-oriented feedback in psychotherapy training has rarely been investigated. Objective: How do therapists in training deal with competence feedback? What influence does a regular competence feedback have on treatment quality (especially therapy sessions, therapeutic alliance, the therapist, supervision)? Method: We interviewed 11 therapists using a semistructured interview guide. The text material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2015). Results: The interview-based system of categories consists of: expectations toward feedback; perception of feedback; processing of feedback; consequences, effects, and changes due to feedback; and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: Therapists strive to implement feedback. Competence feedback has an impact on treatment, supervision, the therapist, and the therapeutic alliance. KW - feedback KW - psychotherapy training KW - psychotherapeutic competencies KW - qualitative content analysis KW - clinical supervision Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000412 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 96 EP - 106 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Daniela A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Witthöft, Michael A1 - Maiwald, Lisa Marie A1 - Foral, Annika A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Wie erleben Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung ihre Selbsterfahrung? BT - eine qualitative Untersuchung BT - a qualitative analysis JF - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie N2 - Background: Self-experiential work is a central component of psychotherapy training. However, research on this matter has not received a lot of attention. Objective: This study explores the conditions and effects of helpful self-experiential work. Method: We interviewed 14 psychotherapists in training using a semistructured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015). Results: Different characteristics were associated with helpful self-experiential work: characteristics of the instructor (e. g., implementation skills), organization, willingness of the trainees to learn, topics and methods applied, and a sustainable working atmosphere. Among the positive effects reported was the promotion of the trainees' interpersonal competencies. Furthermore, we found some side effects and negative impact (e. g.. exhaustion). Conclusions: We were able to extract conditions that can guide the execution of helpful self-experiential work and the effects of self-experiential work from the perspective of the trainees. N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund: Selbsterfahrung ist zentraler Bestandteil der Psychotherapieausbildung. Gleichzeitig wurde Selbsterfahrung selten empirisch untersucht. Fragestellung: Ziel unserer Studie war es, Bedingungen und Effekte hilfreicher Selbsterfahrung zu explorieren. Methode: Vierzehn verhaltenstherapeutische Ausbildungskandidat_innen wurden anhand halbstrukturierter Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Ergebnisse: Verschiedene Bedingungen wurden mit hilfreich erlebter Selbsterfahrung in Zusammenhang gebracht: Merkmale der Selbsterfahrungsleitung (u. a. Durchführungskompetenz), der Organisation, der Teilnehmer_innen (Lernbereitschaft), die behandelten Themen und die eingesetzten Techniken, sowie eine tragfähige Arbeitsbeziehung. Berichtete positive Effekte waren u. a. die Förderung interpersoneller Kompetenzen. Zudem wurden Nebenwirkungen und negative Effekte formuliert (u. a. Erschöpfung). Schlussfolgerungen: Bedingungen zur Durchführung von als hilfreich erlebter Selbsterfahrung und Effekte von Selbsterfahrung wurden aus Sicht der Teilnehmer_innen extrahiert. T2 - How do psychotherapists in training experience their own self-experiential work? KW - personal practice KW - psychotherapy training KW - qualitative content analysis KW - Selbsterfahrung KW - Psychotherapeutische Ausbildung KW - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000626 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 78 EP - 89 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - What do laypersons believe characterises a competent psychotherapist? JF - Counselling and psychotherapy research N2 - Aim Although research and clinical definitions of psychotherapeutic competence have been proposed, less is known about the layperson perspective. The aim was to explore the views of individuals with different levels of psychotherapy experience regarding what-in their views-constitutes a competent therapist. Method In an online survey, 375 persons (64% female, mean age 33.24 years) with no experience, with professional experience, or with personal pre-experience with psychotherapy participated. To provide low-threshold questions, we first presented two qualitative items (i.e. "In your opinion, what makes a good/competent psychotherapist?"; "How do you recognize that a psychotherapist is not competent?") and analysed them using inductive content analysis techniques (Mayring, 2014). Then, we gave participants a 16-item questionnaire including items from previous surveys and from the literature and analysed them descriptively. Results Work-relatedprinciples, professionalism, personalitycharacteristics, caringcommunication, empathy and understandingwere important categories of competence. Concerning the quantitative questions, most participants agreed with items indicating that a therapist should be open, listen well, show empathy and behave responsibly. Conclusion Investigating layperson perspectives suggested that effective and professional interpersonal behaviour of therapists plays a central role in the public's perception of psychotherapy. KW - client preferences KW - expectancies KW - psychotherapeutic competencies KW - psychotherapy process KW - public involvement Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12343 SN - 1473-3145 SN - 1746-1405 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 660 EP - 671 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie A1 - Witthöft, Michael T1 - Topics and techniques in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training JF - Cognitive Behaviour Therapist N2 - Clinical supervision is regarded as one of the most important components of psychotherapy training. In clinical practice, it has been found that the implementation of clinical supervision varies substantially and often differs from the recommendations made in the literature. The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency of topics (e.g. ethical issues) and techniques (e.g. role play) in the clinical supervision of psychotherapy trainees in Germany. To this end, we considered supervisions in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy (PT). A total of 791 psychotherapy trainees (533 CBT and 242 PT) were asked via the internet to provide information about their current supervision sessions. We found that clinical supervision in psychotherapy training addressed topics that are central for the effective treatment of supervised patients (i.e. therapeutic interventions, therapeutic alliance, maintaining factors, and therapeutic goals). However, the most frequently used intervention in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training was case discussion. Rarely were techniques used that allowed the supervisor to give the supervisee feedback based on the supervisee's demonstrated competencies. For example, 46% of the supervisors never used audiotapes or videotapes in the supervision. Differences between CBT and PT were rather small. Current practice regarding the techniques used in clinical supervision for psychotherapy trainees contradicts recommendations for active and feedback-oriented clinical supervision. Thus the potential of clinical supervision might not be fully used in clinical practice. KW - clinical supervision KW - psychotherapy trainees KW - psychotherapy training KW - supervisory strategies KW - therapeutic competence Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X17000046 SN - 1754-470X VL - 10 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Grikscheit, Florian A1 - Höfling, Volkmar A1 - Kordt, Anne A1 - Hamm, Alfons O. A1 - Gerlach, Alexander L. A1 - Alpers, Georg W. A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Kircher, Tilo A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Rief, Winfried A1 - Lang, Thomas T1 - The role of treatment delivery factors in exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia JF - Journal of anxiety disorders N2 - Treatment delivery factors (i.e., therapist adherence, therapist competence, and therapeutic alliance) are considered to be important for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). In the current study, four independent raters conducted process evaluations based on 168 two-hour videotapes of 84 patients with PD/AG treated with exposure-based CBT. Two raters evaluated patients’ interpersonal behavior in Session 1. Two raters evaluated treatment delivery factors in Session 6, in which therapists provided the rationale for conducting exposure exercises. At the 6-month follow-up, therapists’ adherence (r = 0.54) and therapeutic alliance (r = 0.31) were significant predictors of changes in agoraphobic avoidance behavior; therapist competence was not associated with treatment outcomes. Patients’ interpersonal behavior in Session 1 was a significant predictor of the therapeutic alliance in Session 6 (r = 0.17). The findings demonstrate that treatment delivery factors, particularly therapist adherence, are relevant to the long-term success of CBT for PD/AG. KW - Interpersonal behavior KW - Panic disorder with agoraphobia KW - Therapeutic alliance KW - Therapist adherence KW - Therapist competence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.007 SN - 0887-6185 SN - 1873-7897 VL - 42 SP - 10 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maiwald, Lisa Marie A1 - Junga, Yvonne Marie A1 - Lang, Thomas A1 - Montini, Romina A1 - Witthöft, Michael A1 - Heider, Jens A1 - Schröder, Annette A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - The role of therapist and patient in-session behavior for treatment outcome in exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia JF - Journal of clinical psychology N2 - Objective There is a very limited amount of research on the relationship between therapist and patient in‐session behavior and treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG). Additionally, the findings tend to be inconclusive. This study investigates the association between therapist competence, adherence, patient interpersonal behavior, and therapeutic alliance and outcome in a low‐control CBT setting by using comprehensive measures. Methods Twenty‐six patients with PD/AG received 12 sessions of exposure‐based CBT. With regard to the outcome, treatments were classified either as problematic or nonproblematic by means of distinct criteria. Two raters evaluated the in‐session behavior. Results Patient interpersonal behavior was significantly associated with outcome at follow‐up (r = 0.49). At posttreatment, the correlation did not reach significance ( r = 0.34). Competence, adherence, and alliance were not outcome associated. Conclusion The findings emphasize the need for therapists to pay particular attention to patients’ interpersonal behavior during treatment. KW - interpersonal behavior KW - panic disorder with agoraphobia KW - therapeutic alliance KW - therapist competence KW - treatment outcome Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22738 SN - 0021-9762 SN - 1097-4679 VL - 75 IS - 4 SP - 614 EP - 626 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde A1 - Marschner, Linda A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - The heterogeneous course of OCD BT - a scoping review on the variety of definitions JF - Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry N2 - Although effective treatments exist, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is, according to the views of patients and experts, still associated with chronicity, a term with no clear and consistent definition. To improve patient care and to foster research, a clear distinction between the various concepts of chronicity cited in the literature is crucial. The aim was thus to explicate central concepts related to courses and trajectories in OCD based on an explorative, scoping search of the existing literature. Our review revealed a considerable lack in content validity, as the concepts were operationalized inconsistently. Concepts related to symptom improvement were (complete) recovery, partial/full remission and partial/full response. Terms used in relation with symptom stability or worsening were chronic/continuous, intermittent and episodic course, waxing and waning, relapse, recurrence, deterioration and treatment-refractoriness. All concepts are explained and visualized as a result of the review. Further, based on authors' remarks, we present recommendations on how to enhance care for chronic OCD patients, namely training psychotherapists to apply CBT as intended, managing patient beliefs about disease and treatment, and adapting psychotherapy to OCD subtypes. Finally, we then propose a literature-based definition of treatment-refractory OCD. KW - review KW - OCD KW - anxiety disorder KW - prevention KW - treatment response KW - non-response Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112821 SN - 0165-1781 SN - 1872-7123 VL - 285 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - The concise measurement of clinical communication skills BT - Validation of a short scale JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Objective: There is a lack of brief rating scales for the reliable assessment of psychotherapeutic skills, which do not require intensive rater training and/or a high level of expertise. Thus, the objective is to validate a 14-item version of the Clinical Communication Skills Scale (CCSS-S). Methods: Using a sample of N = 690 video-based ratings of role-plays with simulated patients, we calculated a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), assessed convergent validities, determined inter-rater reliabilities and compared these with those who were either psychology students, advanced psychotherapy trainees, or experts. Results: Correlations with other competence rating scales were high (rs > 0.86–0.89). The intraclass correlations ranged between moderate and good [ICC(2,2) = 0.65–0.80], with student raters yielding the lowest scores. The one-factor model only marginally replicated the data, but the internal consistencies were excellent (α = 0.91–95). The ESEM yielded a two-factor solution (Collaboration and Structuring and Exploration Skills). Conclusion: The CCSS-S is a brief and valid rating scale that reliably assesses basic communication skills, which is particularly useful for psychotherapy training using standardized role-plays. To ensure good inter-rater reliabilities, it is still advisable to employ raters with at least some clinical experience. Future studies should further investigate the one- or two-factor structure of the instrument. KW - standardized patient KW - treatment integrity KW - measurement KW - therapist competence KW - role-play KW - psychotherapy process Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977324 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Lacki, Fiona Janina A1 - Muse, Kate A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Strengthening competence of therapists-in-training in the treatment of health anxiety (hypochondriasis) BT - validation of the assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS) JF - Clinical psychology & psychotherapy : an international journal of theory and practice N2 - Although the observation and assessment of psychotherapeutic competences are central to training, supervision, patient care, quality control, and life-long practice, structured instruments are used only occasionally. In the current study, an observation-based tool for the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS) was translated into German and adapted, and its psychometric properties were pilot evaluated. Competence of therapists-in-training was assessed in a random sample of n = 30 videos on cognitive behavioural therapy including patients diagnosed with hypochondriasis. Two of three raters independently assessed the competences demonstrated in the entire, active treatment sessions (n = 60). In our sample, internal consistency was excellent, and interrater reliability was good. Convergent validity (Cognitive Therapy Scale) and discriminant validity (Helping Alliance Questionnaire) were within the expected ranges. The ACCS total score did not significantly predict the reduction of symptoms of hypochondriasis, and a one-factorial structure of the instrument was found. By providing multiple opportunities for feedback, self-reflection, and supervision, the ACCS may complement current tools for the assessment of psychotherapeutic competences and importantly support competence-based training and supervision. KW - adherence KW - assessment KW - process research KW - psychotherapy KW - skill Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2353 SN - 1063-3995 SN - 1099-0879 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 319 EP - 327 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Standardized patients in psychotherapy training and clinical supervision BT - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Psychotherapy is highly effective and widely acknowledged for treating various mental disorders. Nevertheless, in terms of methods for teaching effective psychotherapeutic approaches and competencies, there has been a lack of investigation. Training and supervision are the main strategies for teaching therapist competencies, and standardized role-plays with simulated patients (i.e., trained individuals playing someone with a mental disorder) seem useful for evaluating training approaches. In medical education, this procedure is now internationally established. However, so far, little use has been made of standardized role-playing to evaluate training and supervision in the area of clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Methods In this study, standardized role-plays are used to evaluate methods for training and supervision. Central cognitive behavioral approaches for treating depression are taught in the training. The first experiment compares an active training approach (i.e., model learning) with a passive one (i.e., reading manual-based instructions). The second experiment compares a direct supervision technique (i.e., supervision based on video analysis) with an indirect one (i.e., supervision based on verbal reporting). In each experiment, 68 bachelor’s and master’s students of psychology will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Each student takes part in three role-plays (baseline, post and 3-month follow-up), which are all videotaped. Two independent raters assess therapist competencies in each role-play on the basis of a standardized competence scale. Discussion The research project aims to contribute to the development of specific training and supervision methods in order to improve psychotherapy training and patient care. KW - Clinical psychology KW - Education KW - Psychotherapeutic competencies KW - Psychotherapy research KW - Role-playing KW - Simulated patients KW - Standardized patients KW - Randomized controlled trial Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-4172-z SN - 1745-6215 VL - 21 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meissner, Claudia A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Kühne, Franziska T1 - Screening dysfunktionaler Überzeugungen bei Zwangsstörungen T1 - Screening for dysfunctional beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorders BT - ein Scoping Review zu den aktuellen Erhebungsinstrumenten BT - Scoping review of current survey instruments JF - Psychotherapeut N2 - Background Dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions of obsessive thoughts are decisive for the etiology and maintenance of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). The reliable and valid assessment of these beliefs using screening procedures is relevant for the cognitive behavioral therapy. Objective Based on the domains suggested by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG), the aim of the current study was a scoping review of recent screening instruments on those domains relevant to OCD. The psychometric properties were systematically evaluated and their features were compared. Material and methods The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar und PubMed. English and German screening instruments for adults (>= 18 years) were included. Results A total of 56 studies on testing of psychometric characteristics of 16 screening instruments were included. The questionnaires included all domains of dysfunctional beliefs. In addition, four of them assessed multiple domains and nine were in the German language. The majority of screening procedures showed adequate to good psychometric properties. The methodological quality of the studies was heterogeneous, statistical and methodological procedures became more complex over the years. Conclusion Further research is necessary on disorder-related specificity and sensitivity to change for screening measures in different clinical samples. N2 - Hintergrund: Dysfunktionale Überzeugungen und Bewertungen von Zwangsgedanken sind ausschlaggebend für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Zwangsstörungen. Die reliable und valide Erfassung dieser Überzeugungen mithilfe von Screeningverfahren ist für die kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung relevant. Fragestellung: Ziel der Arbeit war die Erstellung eines Scoping review bezüglich der aktuellen Screeninginstrumenten zur Erfassung der 6 von der Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) vorgeschlagenen Domänen bei Zwangsstörungen. Die Verfahren wurden systematisch nach ihrer psychometrischen Güte bewertet und in ihren Eigenschaften verglichen. Material und Methoden: Die Literatursuche erfolgte in den Datenbanken Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar und PubMed. Eingeschlossen wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige Verfahren für Erwachsene (≥18 Jahre). Ergebnisse: Es konnten 56 Studien zur Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften von 16 Fragebogen eingeschlossen werden. Die Fragebogen erfassten alle Domänen dysfunktionaler Überzeugungen. Außerdem lagen 4 domänenübergreifende Verfahren vor, und 9 der Fragebogen waren deutschsprachig. Die Mehrzahl der Screeningverfahren wies adäquate bis gute psychometrische Werte auf. Die methodische Qualität der Studien war heterogen; methodische und statistische Verfahren nahmen über die Jahre an Komplexität zu. Schlussfolgerung: Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht v. a. in der Untersuchung der Störungsspezifität und Änderungssensitivität von Screeningverfahren an klinischen Stichproben. KW - literature search KW - questionnaires KW - sensitivity and specificity KW - psychometrics KW - cognitive behavioral therapy KW - Literaturrecherche KW - Fragebogen KW - Sensitivität und Spezifität KW - Psychometrie KW - Kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-020-00410-4 SN - 0935-6185 SN - 1432-2080 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 189 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Paunov, Tatjana A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder BT - How suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen? JF - BMC psychiatry N2 - Background Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. Methods In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. Results Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). Conclusions Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy. KW - Obsessive-compulsive disorder KW - Psychodiagnostics KW - Psychometric properties KW - Screening Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x SN - 1471-244X VL - 21 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Maas, Jana A1 - Unverdross, Maria A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Psychological interventions for health anxiety and somatic symptoms BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - Zeitschrift für Psychologie = Journal of psychology N2 - This study examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions for severe health anxiety (SHA) regarding somatic symptoms (SS) and health anxiety (HA). The databases Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL were searched on May 15, 2019, May 16, 2019, and August 5, 2019, respectively. Eighteen randomized controlled trials (N = 2,050) met the inclusion criteria (i.e., hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder with elevated HA being assessed with validated interviews: use of standardized outcome measures). Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies' risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool. Overall, psychological interventions were significantly more effective than waitlist, treatment-as-usual, or placebo post-treatment (g(SS) = 0.70, g(HA) = 1.11) and at follow-up (g(SS) = 0.33, g(HA)= 0.70). CBT outperformed other psychological interventions or pharmacotherapy for HA post- treatment (Hedge's g(HA) = 0.81). The number of sessions did not significantly predict the effect sizes. In sum, psychological interventions were effective for SHA, but the generalizability of the results for SS is limited, because only two high-quatity trials contributed to the comparison. KW - health anxiety KW - hypochondriasis KW - systematic review KW - meta-analysis KW - psychotherapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000400 SN - 2190-8370 SN - 2151-2604 VL - 228 IS - 2 SP - 68 EP - 80 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Nagel, Laura Carlotta A1 - Richtberg, Samantha A1 - Neng, Julia M. B. T1 - Personality disorders in hypochondriasis BT - a comparison to panic disorder and healthy controls JF - Journal of personality disorders N2 - Previous studies found high prevalence rates of personality disorders (PDs) in patients with hypochondriasis; however, assessment was often based only on questionnaires. In the current study, a sample of 68 patients with hypochondriasis was compared to 31 patients with panic disorder and to 94 healthy controls. Participants were investigated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders questionnaire (SCID-II questionnaire) and the SCID-II interview. Based on the cut-off scores of the SCID-II questionnaire, we found a prevalence rate of 45.6% for PD in patients with hypochondriasis. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with hypochondriasis showed characteristics of paranoid, borderline, avoid ant, and-dependent PDs in the dimensional assessment significantly more often. However, no significant differences were found between the clinical samples. Based on the SCID-II interview, only 2.9% of the patients with hypochondriasis fulfilled the criteria for a PD. These results suggest that PDs are not a specific characteristic of hypochondriasis. Y1 - 2017 SN - 0885-579X SN - 1943-2763 VL - 31 SP - 567 EP - 576 PB - Guilford Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Probst, Thomas A1 - Jakob, Marion A1 - Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie A1 - Müller-Neng, Julia M. B. A1 - Bohus, Martin A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Patients’ and therapists’ experiences of general change mechanisms during bug-in-the-eye and delayed video-based supervised cognitive-behavioral therapy BT - a randomized controlled trial JF - Journal of clinical psychology N2 - ObjectiveThis secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigated whether bug-in-the-eye (BITE) supervision (live computer-based supervision during a psychotherapy session) affects the manner in which patients and therapists experience general change mechanisms (GCMs) during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). MethodA total of 23 therapists were randomized either to the BITE condition or the control condition (delayed video-based [DVB] supervision). After each session, both patients (BITE: n=19; DVB: n=23) and therapists (BITE: n=11; DVB: n=12) completed the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Bernese Post Session Report (BPSR). The HAQ total score and the 3 secondary factors of the BPSR (interpersonal experiences, intrapersonal experiences, problem actuation) functioned as GCMs. Multilevel models were performed. ResultsFor patients, GCMs did not develop differently between BITE and DVB during CBT. Therapists rated the alliance as well as interpersonal and intrapersonal experiences not significantly different between BITE and DVB during CBT, but they perceived problem actuation to increase significantly more in BITE than in DVB (p<.05). ConclusionBITE supervision might be helpful in encouraging CBT therapists to apply interventions, which focus on the activation of relevant problems and related emotions. KW - alliance KW - general change mechanisms KW - live supervision KW - randomized controlled trial Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22519 SN - 0021-9762 SN - 1097-4679 VL - 74 IS - 4 SP - 509 EP - 522 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richtberg, Samantha A1 - Jakob, Marion A1 - Hoefling, Volkmar A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Patient Characteristics and Patient Behavior as Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy for Hypochondriasis JF - Journal of clinical psychology N2 - ObjectivePsychotherapy for hypochondriasis has greatly improved over the last decades and cognitive-behavioral treatments are most promising. However, research on predictors of treatment outcome for hypochondriasis is rare. Possible predictors of treatment outcome in cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET) for hypochondriasis were investigated. MethodCharacteristics and behaviors of 75 patients were considered as possible predictors: sociodemographic variables (sex, age, and cohabitation); psychopathology (pretreatment hypochondriacal symptoms, comorbid mental disorders, and levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms); and patient in-session interpersonal behavior. ResultsSeverity of pretreatment hypochondriacal symptoms, comorbid mental disorders, and patient in-session interpersonal behavior were significant predictors in multiple hierarchical regression analyses. Interactions between the predictors and the treatment (CT or ET) were not found. ConclusionsIn-session interpersonal behavior is an important predictor of outcome. Furthermore, there are no specific contraindications to treating hypochondriasis with CT or ET. KW - cognitive-behavioral therapy KW - hypochondriasis KW - illness anxiety disorder KW - interpersonal behavior KW - predictors of outcome Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22356 SN - 0021-9762 SN - 1097-4679 VL - 73 IS - 6 SP - 612 EP - 625 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maaß, Ulrike A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Lorenz, Anna A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Live supervision in psychotherapy training BT - a systematic review JF - Training and education in professional psychology N2 - There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59%), were categorized as nonempirical (55%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35%), and displayed positive views on LS (87%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78% of all comparisons, but only in 13% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed.
Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed. KW - psychotherapy KW - feedback KW - bug-in-the-eye KW - training KW - therapist competence Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000390 SN - 1931-3918 SN - 1931-3926 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 130 EP - 142 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roth-Rawald, Julia A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Krankheitsängste bei Psychotherapeut_innen BT - eine explorative Studie zu Ängsten vor psychischen Störungen JF - Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie N2 - Hintergrund: Krankheitsängste beziehen sich meist auf die Angst vor dem Leiden an somatischen Erkrankungen. In Einzelfallberichten wurden auch Ängste vor psychischen Störungen berichtet, jedoch bisher nicht systematisch untersucht. Psychotherapeut_innen sind ständig mit psychischen Erkrankungen konfrontiert. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht, wie stark Krankheitsängste bei Psychotherapeut_innen ausgeprägt sind und welche Faktoren diese beeinflussen. Methoden: Insgesamt 239 Psychotherapeut_innen wurden per anonymer Onlinebefragung mit den Illness Attitude Scales und der Mini-Symptom-Checklist untersucht. Ergebnisse: Krankheitsängste bei Psychotherapeut_innen waren geringer ausgeprägt als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und bei Psychologiestudierenden. Faktoren wie die allgemeine psychische Belastung und das Vorhandensein tatsächlicher Diagnosen gingen mit erhöhten Krankheitsängsten einher. Schlussfolgerungen: Krankheitsängste können sich nicht nur auf somatische Erkrankungen beziehen, sondern auch psychische Störungen betreffen. Eine stärkere Berücksichtigung psychischer Krankheitsängste und deren weitere systematische Erfassung erscheinen daher wünschenswert. N2 - Background: Illness anxiety is the fear of suffering from severe physical illnesses. Psychotherapists are constantly confronted with mental disorders. In individual case reports. anxiety related to suffering from mental disorders has also been documented but to date has not been systematically examined. Objectives: This study examines the strength of illness anxieties in psychotherapists and their influencing factors. Methods: We examined 239 psychotherapists using the Illness Attitude Scales and the Mini-Symptom-Checklist. Results: Illness anxieties in psychotherapists were significantly lower than those in the general population and psychology students. Variables like general mental stress and the presence of actual diagnoses correlated with higher illness anxieties. Conclusions: Illness anxiety is also present for mental disorders. Therefore, it is desirable to consider mental illness anxiety and its systematic detection. T2 - Illness anxiety in psychotherapists KW - illness anxiety KW - mental disorders KW - psychotherapists KW - psychology students KW - Krankheitsangst KW - psychische Störungen KW - Psychotherapeut_innen KW - Psychologiestudierende Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000624 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 57 EP - 67 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roth-Rawald, Julia A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Krankheitsängste bei Psychologiestudierenden T1 - Health anxiety of psychology students BT - Studie zur Angst vor körperlichen Erkrankungen und psychischen Störungen BT - examination of fear of physical diseases and mental disorders JF - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund: Als Medical Students’ Disease wird die Angst von Medizinstudierenden bezeichnet, unter Krankheiten zu leiden, mit denen sie sich im Studium auseinandersetzen. Fragestellung: Es wurde untersucht, ob ähnliche Phänomene vorübergehender Krankheitsängste auch bei Psychologiestudierenden existieren. Methode: Mittels etablierter Illness-Attitude-Scales (IAS) und einer eigens entwickelten Ergänzung wurden Ängste vor somatischen und psychischen Erkrankungen erhoben. Ergebnisse: Krankheitsängste bei Psychologiestudierenden waren nicht stärker ausgeprägt als bei Studierenden anderer Fachrichtungen. Ängste vor körperlichen Erkrankungen waren häufiger als Ängste vor psychischen Störungen, die keiner signifikanten zeitlichen Veränderung unterlagen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Beschäftigung mit psychischen Störungen geht nicht zwangsläufig mit einem Anstieg von Ängsten vor psychischen Erkrankungen unter Psychologiestudierenden einher. Erhöhte Belastungswerte bei allen Studierenden legen nahe, dass das Studium selbst eine Herausforderung darstellt, für deren Bewältigung Unterstützung angeboten werden kann. the same level of fear regarding health anxiety as students of other disciplines. Their anxiety about suffering from physical illnesses was also greater than their anxiety about suffering from mental disorders. Conclusion: Studying mental disorders does not necessarily result in an increase of related health anxiety. However, university studies seem to be a burdensome period of life in their own right, for which coping support can be provided. N2 - Background: Medical students’ disease is the fear of medical students that they suffer from the diseases they are studying. Objective: This study examined whether similar phenomena of transient health anxiety exist among psychology students. Method: Health anxieties regarding physical illnesses and mental disorders were analyzed with the well-established Illness Attitude Scale (IAS) and a custom-developed supplement. Results: In general, psychology students experienced the same level of fear regarding health anxiety as students of other disciplines. Their anxiety about suffering from physical illnesses was also greater than their anxiety about suffering from mental disorders. Conclusion: Studying mental disorders does not necessarily result in an increase of related health anxiety. However, university studies seem to be a burdensome period of life in their own right, for which coping support can be provided. KW - health anxiety KW - mental disorders KW - mental hypochondriasis KW - psychology KW - students KW - questionnaire KW - Krankheitsangst KW - psychische Störungen KW - mentale Hypochondrie KW - Psychologiestudierende KW - Fragebogen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000578 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 103 EP - 112 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Meister, Ramona A1 - Maass, Ulrike A1 - Paunov, Tatjana A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - How reliable are therapeutic competence ratings? BT - results of a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - Cognitive therapy and research N2 - Assessments of psychotherapeutic competencies play a crucial role in research and training. However, research on the reliability and validity of such assessments is sparse. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence and to provide an average interrater reliability (IRR) of psychotherapeutic competence ratings. A systematic review was conducted, and 20 studies reported in 32 publications were collected. These 20 studies were included in a narrative synthesis, and 20 coefficients were entered into the meta-analysis. Most primary studies referred to cognitive-behavioral therapies and the treatment of depression, used the Cognitive Therapy Scale, based ratings on videos, and trained the raters. Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled ICC of 0.82, but at the same time severe heterogeneity. The evidence map highlighted a variety of variables related to competence assessments. Further aspects influencing the reliability of competence ratings and regarding the considerable heterogeneity are discussed in detail throughout the manuscript. KW - competency KW - therapist competence KW - adherence KW - psychotherapy KW - assessment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10056-5 SN - 0147-5916 SN - 1573-2819 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 241 EP - 257 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -