TY - JOUR A1 - Коренькова, Татьяна В. ED - Franz, Norbert P. ED - Frieß, Nina T1 - Метафоры „еды“ и „питья“ в русском фольклорном жанре садистских стишков JF - Küche und Kultur in der Slavia : eigenes und Fremdes im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert N2 - Тексты Литература KW - Küche KW - Küchenkultur KW - Essen KW - Kulturwissenschaft KW - Slavia KW - kitchen KW - kitchen culture KW - food KW - cultural science KW - slavic countries Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72217 SP - 219 EP - 238 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Глущенко, Ирина ED - Franz, Norbert P. ED - Frieß, Nina T1 - Идеальный шашлык BT - Интеграции различных кулинарных практик в советскую кухню в период индустриализации (1930–50-е годы) JF - Küche und Kultur in der Slavia : eigenes und Fremdes im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert N2 - Идеальный шашлык KW - Küche KW - Küchenkultur KW - Essen KW - Kulturwissenschaft KW - Slavia KW - kitchen KW - kitchen culture KW - food KW - cultural science KW - slavic countries Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70987 SP - 109 EP - 128 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Şener, Ulaş T1 - Die Neutralitätstheorie des Geldes T1 - The neutrality of money theory BT - ein kritischer Überblick BT - a critical review N2 - Ökonomen wie Wirtschaftspolitiker berufen sich auf die Neutralitätstheorie des Geldes, wenn sie eine Entpolitisierung der Geldpolitik fordern. Sowohl die Theorie der Geldneutralität als auch das Paradigma der Entpolitisierung der Geldpolitik sind jedoch problematisch. Die politökonomischen Entwicklungen nach der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise 2007/2008 und die jüngsten Kontroversen über die Rolle und Bedeutung von Geld haben dies deutlich vor Augen geführt. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert zunächst die konzeptionellen Grundlagen und theoretischen Modelle der Geldneutralität. Anschließend werden die zentralen theoretischen Annahmen und Aussagen der Neutralitätstheorie aus einer kritischen heterodoxen Perspektive hinterfragt. Es wird argumentiert, dass Geld eine nicht-neutrale Produktionskraft ist, die weder ökonomisch noch sozial neutral ist. Die Bedingungen, unter denen Geld verfügbar ist und zirkuliert, sind richtungsweisend für die ökonomische Entwicklung. Daher kann es auch kein neutrales Geld oder gar eine apolitische Geldpolitik geben. N2 - The assumption of the neutrality of money is a widespread belief in mainstream economics. Accordingly, money is regarded as a neutral means of exchange that has no lasting effects on the real side of the economy. This study questions the conceptual validity of the neutrality assumption and its theoretical models arguing that its basic insights and predictions are problematic because they misrepresent the circumstances and conditions of the real economy. First, it discusses the conceptual grounds of the neutrality argument, which is based on the classical dichotomy approach and the notion of exogenous money. In a second step, it exposes the theoretical weaknesses of both the traditional and the contemporary versions of the neutral money models, that is, of the quantity theory and the rational-choice theory, by questioning its basic assumptions and implications. Finally, it argues from a critical heterodox perspective that rather than exogenous and neutral, money is endogenous and non-neutral, both in economic and social terms. T3 - Potsdam Economic Papers - 4 KW - Geldneutralität KW - Heterodoxe Ökonomik KW - Endogenität des Geldes KW - neutrality of money KW - heterodox economics KW - endogenous money Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72367 SN - 978-3-86956-307-7 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Gert A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Zhuang, Jiancang T1 - The largest expected earthquake magnitudes in Japan: The statistical perspective JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - Earthquake catalogs are probably the most informative data source about spatiotemporal seismicity evolution. The catalog quality in one of the most active seismogenic zones in the world, Japan, is excellent, although changes in quality arising, for example, from an evolving network are clearly present. Here, we seek the best estimate for the largest expected earthquake in a given future time interval from a combination of historic and instrumental earthquake catalogs. We extend the technique introduced by Zoller et al. (2013) to estimate the maximum magnitude in a time window of length T-f for earthquake catalogs with varying level of completeness. In particular, we consider the case in which two types of catalogs are available: a historic catalog and an instrumental catalog. This leads to competing interests with respect to the estimation of the two parameters from the Gutenberg-Richter law, the b-value and the event rate lambda above a given lower-magnitude threshold (the a-value). The b-value is estimated most precisely from the frequently occurring small earthquakes; however, the tendency of small events to cluster in aftershocks, swarms, etc. violates the assumption of a Poisson process that is used for the estimation of lambda. We suggest addressing conflict by estimating b solely from instrumental seismicity and using large magnitude events from historic catalogs for the earthquake rate estimation. Applying the method to Japan, there is a probability of about 20% that the maximum expected magnitude during any future time interval of length T-f = 30 years is m >= 9.0. Studies of different subregions in Japan indicates high probabilities for M 8 earthquakes along the Tohoku arc and relatively low probabilities in the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai region. Finally, for scenarios related to long-time horizons and high-confidence levels, the maximum expected magnitude will be around 10. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130103 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 104 IS - 2 SP - 769 EP - 779 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Gert A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Induced seismicity: What is the size of the largest expected earthquake? JF - The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America N2 - The injection of fluids is a well-known origin for the triggering of earthquake sequences. The growing number of projects related to enhanced geothermal systems, fracking, and others has led to the question, which maximum earthquake magnitude can be expected as a consequence of fluid injection? This question is addressed from the perspective of statistical analysis. Using basic empirical laws of earthquake statistics, we estimate the magnitude M-T of the maximum expected earthquake in a predefined future time window T-f. A case study of the fluid injection site at Paradox Valley, Colorado, demonstrates that the magnitude m 4.3 of the largest observed earthquake on 27 May 2000 lies very well within the expectation from past seismicity without adjusting any parameters. Vice versa, for a given maximum tolerable earthquake at an injection site, we can constrain the corresponding amount of injected fluids that must not be exceeded within predefined confidence bounds. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140195 SN - 0037-1106 SN - 1943-3573 VL - 104 IS - 6 SP - 3153 EP - 3158 PB - Seismological Society of America CY - Albany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Gert A1 - Ben-Zion, Yehuda T1 - Large earthquake hazard of the San Jacinto fault zone, CA, from long record of simulated seismicity assimilating the available instrumental and paleoseismic data JF - Pure and applied geophysics N2 - We investigate spatio-temporal properties of earthquake patterns in the San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ), California, between Cajon Pass and the Superstition Hill Fault, using a long record of simulated seismicity constrained by available seismological and geological data. The model provides an effective realization of a large segmented strike-slip fault zone in a 3D elastic half-space, with heterogeneous distribution of static friction chosen to represent several clear step-overs at the surface. The simulated synthetic catalog reproduces well the basic statistical features of the instrumental seismicity recorded at the SJFZ area since 1981. The model also produces events larger than those included in the short instrumental record, consistent with paleo-earthquakes documented at sites along the SJFZ for the last 1,400 years. The general agreement between the synthetic and observed data allows us to address with the long-simulated seismicity questions related to large earthquakes and expected seismic hazard. The interaction between m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on different sections of the SJFZ is found to be close to random. The hazard associated with m a parts per thousand yen 7 events on the SJFZ increases significantly if the long record of simulated seismicity is taken into account. The model simulations indicate that the recent increased number of observed intermediate SJFZ earthquakes is a robust statistical feature heralding the occurrence of m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquakes. The hypocenters of the m a parts per thousand yen 5 events in the simulation results move progressively towards the hypocenter of the upcoming m a parts per thousand yen 7 earthquake. KW - Earthquake dynamics KW - Earthquake interaction KW - forecasting KW - prediction KW - Statistical seismology KW - Seismicity and tectonics Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0783-1 SN - 0033-4553 SN - 1420-9136 VL - 171 IS - 11 SP - 2955 EP - 2965 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zór, K. A1 - Heiskanen, A. A1 - Caviglia, Claudia A1 - Vergani, M. A1 - Landini, E. A1 - Shah, F. A1 - Carminati, Marco A1 - Martínez-Serrano, A. A1 - Ramos Moreno, T. A1 - Kokaia, M. A1 - Benayahu, Dafna A1 - Keresztes, Zs. A1 - Papkovsky, D. A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula A1 - Svendsen, W. E. A1 - Dimaki, M. A1 - Ferrari, G. A1 - Raiteri, R. A1 - Sampietro, M. A1 - Dufva, M. A1 - Emnéus, J. T1 - A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection N2 - Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 289 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99492 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zulawski, Monika A1 - Schulze, Gunnar A1 - Braginets, Rostyslav A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Schulze, Waltraud X. T1 - The Arabidopsis Kinome: phylogeny and evolutionary insights into functional diversification JF - BMC genomics N2 - Background: Protein kinases constitute a particularly large protein family in Arabidopsis with important functions in cellular signal transduction networks. At the same time Arabidopsis is a model plant with high frequencies of gene duplications. Here, we have conducted a systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis kinase complement, the kinome, with particular focus on gene duplication events. We matched Arabidopsis proteins to a Hidden-Markov Model of eukaryotic kinases and computed a phylogeny of 942 Arabidopsis protein kinase domains and mapped their origin by gene duplication. Results: The phylogeny showed two major clades of receptor kinases and soluble kinases, each of which was divided into functional subclades. Based on this phylogeny, association of yet uncharacterized kinases to families was possible which extended functional annotation of unknowns. Classification of gene duplications within these protein kinases revealed that representatives of cytosolic subfamilies showed a tendency to maintain segmentally duplicated genes, while some subfamilies of the receptor kinases were enriched for tandem duplicates. Although functional diversification is observed throughout most subfamilies, some instances of functional conservation among genes transposed from the same ancestor were observed. In general, a significant enrichment of essential genes was found among genes encoding for protein kinases. Conclusions: The inferred phylogeny allowed classification and annotation of yet uncharacterized kinases. The prediction and analysis of syntenic blocks and duplication events within gene families of interest can be used to link functional biology to insights from an evolutionary viewpoint. The approach undertaken here can be applied to any gene family in any organism with an annotated genome. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-548 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 15 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zulawski, Monika A1 - Schulze, Gunnar A1 - Braginets, Rostyslav A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Schulze, Waltraud X T1 - The Arabidopsis Kinome BT - phylogeny and evolutionary insights into functional diversification T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Protein kinases constitute a particularly large protein family in Arabidopsis with important functions in cellular signal transduction networks. At the same time Arabidopsis is a model plant with high frequencies of gene duplications. Here, we have conducted a systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis kinase complement, the kinome, with particular focus on gene duplication events. We matched Arabidopsis proteins to a Hidden-Markov Model of eukaryotic kinases and computed a phylogeny of 942 Arabidopsis protein kinase domains and mapped their origin by gene duplication. Results The phylogeny showed two major clades of receptor kinases and soluble kinases, each of which was divided into functional subclades. Based on this phylogeny, association of yet uncharacterized kinases to families was possible which extended functional annotation of unknowns. Classification of gene duplications within these protein kinases revealed that representatives of cytosolic subfamilies showed a tendency to maintain segmentally duplicated genes, while some subfamilies of the receptor kinases were enriched for tandem duplicates. Although functional diversification is observed throughout most subfamilies, some instances of functional conservation among genes transposed from the same ancestor were observed. In general, a significant enrichment of essential genes was found among genes encoding for protein kinases. Conclusions The inferred phylogeny allowed classification and annotation of yet uncharacterized kinases. The prediction and analysis of syntenic blocks and duplication events within gene families of interest can be used to link functional biology to insights from an evolutionary viewpoint. The approach undertaken here can be applied to any gene family in any organism with an annotated genome. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 861 KW - Hide Markov Model KW - Duplication Event KW - Kinase Family KW - Tandem Duplication KW - Segmental Duplication Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432907 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 861 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zouhar, Jan A1 - Sauer, Michael T1 - Helping hands for budding prospects: ENTH/ANTH/VHS accessory proteins in endocytosis, vacuolar transport, and secretion JF - The plant cell N2 - Coated vesicles provide a major mechanism for the transport of proteins through the endomembrane system of plants. Transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi involves vesicles with COPI and COPII coats, whereas clathrin is the predominant coat in endocytosis and post-Golgi trafficking. Sorting of cargo, coat assembly, budding, and fission are all complex and tightly regulated processes that involve many proteins. The mechanisms and responsible factors are largely conserved in eukaryotes, and increasing organismal complexity tends to be associated with a greater numbers of individual family members. Among the key factors is the class of ENTH/ANTH/VHS domain-containing proteins, which link membrane subdomains, clathrin, and other adapter proteins involved in early steps of clathrin coated vesicle formation. More than 30 Arabidopsis thaliana proteins contain this domain, but their generally low sequence conservation has made functional classification difficult. Reports from the last two years have greatly expanded our knowledge of these proteins and suggest that ENTH/ANTH/VHS domain proteins are involved in various instances of clathrin-related endomembrane trafficking in plants. This review aims to summarize these new findings and discuss the broader context of clathrin-dependent plant vesicular transport. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.131680 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 26 IS - 11 SP - 4232 EP - 4244 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zor, K. A1 - Heiskanen, A. A1 - Caviglia, Claudia A1 - Vergani, M. A1 - Landini, E. A1 - Shah, F. A1 - Carminati, Marco A1 - Martinez-Serrano, A. A1 - Ramos Moreno, T. A1 - Kokaia, M. A1 - Benayahu, Dafna A1 - Keresztes, Zs. A1 - Papkovsky, D. A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula A1 - Svendsen, W. E. A1 - Dimaki, M. A1 - Ferrari, G. A1 - Raiteri, R. A1 - Sampietro, M. A1 - Dufva, M. A1 - Emneus, Jenny T1 - A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection JF - RSC Advances N2 - Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12632g SN - 2046-2069 VL - 4 IS - 109 SP - 63761 EP - 63771 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoltán, Péteri ED - Badó, Attila ED - Belling, Detlev W. ED - Bóka, János ED - Mezei, Péter T1 - A jogösszehasonlítás kezdetei és első lépései az MTA Állam- és Jogtudományi Intézetében JF - Internationale Konferenz zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung der Universität Szeged Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73807 IS - 1 SP - 269 EP - 275 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene JF - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry N2 - ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior. KW - Prenatal stress KW - antisocial KW - conduct disorder KW - DRD4 KW - gene-environment interaction Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12138 SN - 0021-9630 SN - 1469-7610 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoerner, Dietmar A1 - Köhlmann, Wiebke A1 - Brandt, Christopher T1 - Mobiles spielebasiertes Lernen an historischen Lernorten JF - E-Learning Symposium 2014 : Mobil und vernetzt – studieren im digitalen Zeitalter ; Potsdam, 14. November 2014 N2 - Im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären studentischen Projekts wurde ein Framework für mobile pervasive Lernspiele entwickelt. Am Beispiel des historischen Lernortes Park Sanssouci wurde auf dieser Grundlage ein Lernspiel für Schülerinnen und Schüler implementiert. Die geplante Evaluation soll die Lernwirksamkeit von geobasierten mobilen Lernspielen messen. Dazu wird die Intensität des Flow-Erlebens mit einer ortsgebundenen alternativen Umsetzung verglichen. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442354 SP - 53 EP - 54 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zobir, Soraya Hadj A1 - Altenberger, Uwe A1 - Günter, Christina T1 - Geochemistry and petrology of metamorphosed submarine basic ashes in the Edough Massif (Cap de Garde, Annaba, northeastern Algeria) JF - Comptes rendus geoscience N2 - The study presents the first evidence of metamorphosed submarine ashes in the Edough Massif, in northeastern Algeria. It occurs below the greenschist-facies Tellian units that represent the thrusted Mesozoic to Eocene passive paleomargin of northern Africa deposited on thinned continental crust. The metamorphic complex consists of tectonically superposed units composed of gneisses (lower unit) and micaschists (upper unit). At the Cap de Garde, these units enclose an "intermediate unit" composed of micaschists and meter-thick layers of marbles, which are sometimes intercalated with amphibolites. The latter occur as discontinuous small lenses and layers. The amphibolites are parallel to the primary bedding of the marbles and the main foliation. Chemical markers and field observations indicate that they are metamorphic equivalents of basic igneous rocks. The lenticular character, low thickness and multiple intercalations with marine sediments and the unusual high lithium concentrations suggest subaqueous near-source basaltic ash-fall deposits in a marine environment. (C) 2014 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. KW - Amphibolites KW - Submarine sediments KW - Basaltic ash-fall deposits KW - Edough KW - Algeria Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2014.09.002 SN - 1631-0713 SN - 1778-7025 VL - 346 IS - 9-10 SP - 244 EP - 254 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zink, Christof A1 - Werner, Nils A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Heuer, Axel A1 - Menzel, Ralf T1 - Multi-wavelength operation of a single broad area diode laser by spectral beam combining JF - IEEE photonics technology letters N2 - Stabilized multi-wavelength emission from a single emitter broad area diode laser (BAL) is realized by utilizing an external cavity with a spectral beam combining architecture. Self-organized emitters that are equidistantly spaced across the slow axis are enforced by the spatially distributed wavelength selectivity of the external cavity. This resulted in an array like near-field emission although the BAL is physically a single emitter without any epitaxial sub-structuring and only one electrical contact. Each of the self-organized emitters is operated at a different wavelength and the emission is multiplexed into one spatial mode with near-diffraction limited beam quality. With this setup, multi-line emission of 31 individual spectral lines centered around and a total spectral width of 3.6 nm is realized with a 1000 mu m wide BAL just above threshold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a self-organization of emitters by optical feedback utilizing a spectral beam combining architecture. KW - Laser resonators KW - semiconductor lasers KW - optical feedback Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2013.2291963 SN - 1041-1135 SN - 1941-0174 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 253 EP - 256 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zink, Christof A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Heuer, Axel A1 - Menzel, Ralf T1 - Broad area diode laser with on-chip transverse Bragg grating stabilized in an off-axis external cavity JF - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics N2 - The emission characteristics of a novel, specially designed broad area diode laser (BAL) with on-chip transversal Bragg resonance (TBR) grating in lateral direction were investigated in an off-axis external cavity setup. The internal TBR grating defines a low loss transversal mode at a specific angle of incidence and a certain wavelength. By providing feedback at this specific angle with an external mirror, it is possible to select this low loss transverse mode and stabilize the BAL. Near diffraction limited emission with an almost single lobed far field pattern could be realized, in contrast to the double lobed far field pattern of similar setups using standard BALs or phase-locked diode laser arrays. Furthermore, we could achieve a narrow bandwidth emission with a simplified setup without external frequency selective elements. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.014108 SN - 1094-4087 VL - 22 IS - 12 SP - 14108 EP - 14113 PB - Optical Society of America CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Sophia, Rost A1 - Dötmann, Eik A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Görlich, Petra A1 - Sütterlin, Sabine A1 - Eckardt, Barbara A1 - Horn-Conrad, Antje A1 - Schwaibold, Julia A1 - Jäger, Sophie A1 - Sophia, Rost A1 - Mangelsdorf, Birgit A1 - Roelly, Sylvie T1 - Portal Wissen = Glauben BT - Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam N2 - Menschen wollen wissen, was wirklich ist. Kinder lassen sich gern eine Geschichte erzählen, aber spätestens mit vier Jahren fragten meine, ob diese Geschichte so passiert sei oder nur erfunden. Das setzt sich fort: Auch unsere wissenschaftliche Neugier wird vom Interesse befeuert herauszufinden, was wirklich ist. Selbst dort, wo wir poetische Texte oder Träume erforschen, tun wir es in der Absicht, die realen sprachlichen Strukturen bzw. die neurologischen Faktoren von bloß vermuteten zu unterscheiden. Im Idealfall können wir Ergebnisse präsentieren, die von anderen logisch nachvollzogen und empirisch wiederholbar sind. Meistens geht das aber nicht. Wir können nicht jedes Buch lesen und nicht in jedes Mikroskop schauen, nicht einmal innerhalb der eigenen Disziplin. Wie viel mehr sind wir in der Lebenswelt darauf angewiesen, den Ausführungen anderer zu vertrauen, wenn wir wissen wollen, wo es zum Bahnhof geht oder ob es in Ulan Bator schön ist. Deshalb haben wir uns daran gewöhnt, anderen Glauben zu schenken, vom Freund bis zum Tagesschausprecher. Das ist kein kindliches Verhalten, sondern eine Notwendigkeit. Freilich ist das riskant, denn alle anderen könnten uns – wie in der „Truman- Show“ – anlügen. In der Wirklichkeit wissen wir uns erst dann, wenn wir unser Selbstbewusstsein verlassen und akzeptieren, dass wir erstens nicht nur Objekte, sondern Subjekte im Bewusstsein von anderen sind, und zweitens, dass alle unsere dialogischen Beziehungen noch einmal von einem Dritten betrachtet werden, der nicht Teil dieser Welt ist. Für Religiöse ist das der Glaube. Glaube als Unterstellung, dass alle menschlichen Beziehungen erst dann wirklich, ernst und über Zweifel erhaben sind, wenn sie sich vor den Augen Gottes wissen. Erst vor ihm ist etwas als es selbst und nicht nur „für mich“ oder „unter uns“. Daher unterscheidet die biblische Sprache drei Formen des Glaubens: die Beziehung zur Ding-Welt („glauben, dass“), die Beziehung zur Subjekt-Welt („jemandem glauben“) und die Annahme einer subjekthaften überirdischen Wirklichkeit („glauben an“). Wissenschaftstheoretisch gesehen ist Glaube also eine Totalhypothese. Glaube ist nicht das Gegenteil von Wissen, sondern der Versuch, Wirklichkeit vor dem Zweifel zu retten, indem man die fragile empirische Welt als Ausdruck einer stabilen transzendenten Welt begreift. Oft wollen Studierende in Gesprächen nicht nur wissen, was ich weiß, sondern, was ich glaube. Als Religionswissenschaftler und gleichzeitig gläubiger Katholik sitze ich zwischen den Stühlen: Einerseits ist es als Professor meine Aufgabe, alles zu bezweifeln, d.h. jeden religiösen Text auf seine historischen Kontexte und soziologischen Funktionen zurückzuführen. Andererseits hält der Christ in mir bestimmte religiöse Dokumente – in meinem Fall die Bibel – zwar für einen interpretierbaren, aber doch irreversiblen, offenbarten Text, der vom Ursprung der Wirklichkeit handelt. Werktags ist das Neue Testament eine antike Schriftensammlung neben vielen anderen, am Sonntag ist es die Offenbarung. Beides kann klar unterschieden werden, aber es ist schwer zu entscheiden, ob das Zweifeln oder das Glauben wirklicher ist. Das vorliegende Heft geht diesem doppelten Verhältnis zum Glauben nach: Wie steht Wissenschaft zum Glauben – ob religiös oder nicht? Wo bringt Wissenschaft Dinge ans Licht, die wir kaum glauben mögen oder uns (wieder) glauben lassen? Was passiert, wenn Forschung irrige Annahmen oder Mythen aufklärt? Ist Wissenschaft in der Lage, Dingen auf den Grund zu gehen, die zwar überzeugend, aber unerklärbar sind? Wie kann sie selbst glaubwürdig bleiben und sich dennoch weiterentwickeln? In den Beiträgen dieser „Portal Wissen“ scheinen diese Fragen immer wieder auf. Sie bilden ein vielfältiges, spannendes und auch überraschendes Bild der Forschungsprojekte und der Wissenschaftler an der Universität Potsdam. Glauben Sie mir, es erwartet Sie eine anregende Lektüre! Prof. Dr. Johann Hafner Professor für Religionswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Christentum Dekan der Philosophischen Fakultät T3 - Portal Wissen: Das Forschungsmagazin der Universität Potsdam [Deutsche Ausgabe] - 01/2014 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440830 SN - 2194-4237 IS - 01/2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Beate A1 - Zimmermann, Alexander A1 - Turner, Benjamin L. A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut T1 - Connectivity of overland flow by drainage network expansion in a rain forest catchment JF - Water resources research N2 - Soils in various places of the Panama Canal Watershed feature a low saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) at shallow depth, which promotes overland-flow generation and associated flashy catchment responses. In undisturbed forests of these areas, overland flow is concentrated in flow lines that extend the channel network and provide hydrological connectivity between hillslopes and streams. To understand the dynamics of overland-flow connectivity, as well as the impact of connectivity on catchment response, we studied an undisturbed headwater catchment by monitoring overland-flow occurrence in all flow lines and discharge, suspended sediment, and total phosphorus at the catchment outlet. We find that connectivity is strongly influenced by seasonal variation in antecedent wetness and can develop even under light rainfall conditions. Connectivity increased rapidly as rainfall frequency increased, eventually leading to full connectivity and surficial drainage of entire hillslopes. Connectivity was nonlinearly related to catchment response. However, additional information on factors such as overland-flow volume would be required to constrain relationships between connectivity, stormflow, and the export of suspended sediment and phosphorus. The effort to monitor those factors would be substantial, so we advocate applying the established links between rain event characteristics, drainage network expansion by flow lines, and catchment response for predictive modeling and catchment classification in forests of the Panama Canal Watershed and in similar regions elsewhere. KW - connectivity KW - overland flow KW - stormflow KW - suspended sediment KW - phosphorus KW - drainage network expansion Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR012660 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 1457 EP - 1473 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Sener, Meltem T1 - Chemical weapons and the international criminal court JF - American journal of international law Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.108.3.0436 SN - 0002-9300 SN - 2161-7953 VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - 436 EP - 448 PB - American Society of International Law CY - Washington ER -