TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Seelig, Stefan
T1  - Stable preview difficulty effects in reading with an improved variant of the boundary paradigm
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Using gaze-contingent display changes in the boundary paradigm during sentence reading, it has recently been shown that parafoveal word-processing difficulties affect fixations on words to the right of the boundary. Current interpretations of this post-boundary preview difficulty effect range from delayed parafoveal-on-foveal effects in parallel word-processing models to forced fixations in serial word-processing models. However, these findings are based on an experimental design that, while allowing to isolate preview difficulty effects, might have established a bias with respect to asymmetries in parafoveal preview benefit for high-frequent and low-frequent target words. Here, we present a revision of this paradigm varying the preview’s lexical frequency and keeping the target word constant. We found substantial effects of the preview difficulty in fixation durations after the boundary confirming that preview processing affects the oculomotor decisions not only via trans-saccadic integration of preview and target word information. An additional time-course analysis showed that the preview difficulty effect was significant across the full fixation duration distribution on the target word without any evidence on the pretarget word before the boundary. We discuss implications of the accumulating evidence of post-boundary preview difficulty effects for models of eye movement control during reading.
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - reading
KW  - parafoveal preview benefit
KW  - delayed parafoveal-on-foveal effects
KW  - forced fixations
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021818819990
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 72
IS  - 7
SP  - 1632
EP  - 1645
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Dissociating preview validity and preview difficulty in parafoveal processing of word n+1 during reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - Many studies have shown that previewing the next word n + 1 during reading leads to substantial processing benefit (e.g., shorter word viewing times) when this word is eventually fixated. However, evidence of such preprocessing in fixations on the preceding word n when in fact the information about the preview is acquired is far less consistent. A recent study suggested that such effects may be delayed into fixations on the next word n + 1 (Risse & Kliegl, 2012). To investigate the time course of parafoveal information-acquisition on the control of eye movements during reading, we conducted 2 gaze-contingent display-change experiments and orthogonally manipulated the processing difficulty (i.e., word frequency) of an n + 1 preview word and its validity relative to the target word. Preview difficulty did not affect fixation durations on the pretarget word n but on the target word n + 1. In fact, the delayed preview-difficulty effect was almost of the same size as the preview benefit associated with the n + 1 preview validity. Based on additional results from quantile-regression analyses on the time course of the 2 preview effects, we discuss consequences as to the integration of foveal and parafoveal information and potential implications for computational models of eye guidance in reading.
KW  - display-change awareness
KW  - eye movements
KW  - parafoveal-on-foveal effect
KW  - parafoveal preview benefit
KW  - perceptual span
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034997
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 653
EP  - 668
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  -