TY - JOUR A1 - Chromik, Jonas A1 - Kirsten, Kristina A1 - Herdick, Arne A1 - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - SensorHub BT - Multimodal sensing in real-life enables home-based studies JF - Sensors N2 - Observational studies are an important tool for determining whether the findings from controlled experiments can be transferred into scenarios that are closer to subjects' real-life circumstances. A rigorous approach to observational studies involves collecting data from different sensors to comprehensively capture the situation of the subject. However, this leads to technical difficulties especially if the sensors are from different manufacturers, as multiple data collection tools have to run simultaneously. We present SensorHub, a system that can collect data from various wearable devices from different manufacturers, such as inertial measurement units, portable electrocardiographs, portable electroencephalographs, portable photoplethysmographs, and sensors for electrodermal activity. Additionally, our tool offers the possibility to include ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies. Hence, SensorHub enables multimodal sensor data collection under real-world conditions and allows direct user feedback to be collected through questionnaires, enabling studies at home. In a first study with 11 participants, we successfully used SensorHub to record multiple signals with different devices and collected additional information with the help of EMAs. In addition, we evaluated SensorHub's technical capabilities in several trials with up to 21 participants recording simultaneously using multiple sensors with sampling frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. We could show that although there is a theoretical limitation to the transmissible data rate, in practice this limitation is not an issue and data loss is rare. We conclude that with modern communication protocols and with the increasingly powerful smartphones and wearables, a system like our SensorHub establishes an interoperability framework to adequately combine consumer-grade sensing hardware which enables observational studies in real life. KW - multimodal sensing KW - home-based studies KW - activity recognition KW - sensor KW - systems KW - ecological momentary assessment KW - digital health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010408 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - A comprehensive workflow to analyze ensembles of globally inverted 2D electrical resistivity models JF - Journal of applied geophysics N2 - Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) aims at imaging the subsurface resistivity distribution and provides valuable information for different geological, engineering, and hydrological applications. To obtain a subsurface resistivity model from measured apparent resistivities, stochastic or deterministic inversion procedures may be employed. Typically, the inversion of ERT data results in non-unique solutions; i.e., an ensemble of different models explains the measured data equally well. In this study, we perform inference analysis of model ensembles generated using a well-established global inversion approach to assess uncertainties related to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. Our interpretation strategy starts by establishing model selection criteria based on different statistical descriptors calculated from the data residuals. Then, we perform cluster analysis considering the inverted resistivity models and the corresponding data residuals. Finally, we evaluate model uncertainties and residual distributions for each cluster. To illustrate the potential of our approach, we use a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain an ensemble of 2D layer-based resistivity models from a synthetic data example and a field data set collected in Loon-Plage, France. Our strategy performs well for both synthetic and field data and allows us to extract different plausible model scenarios with their associated uncertainties and data residual distributions. Although we demonstrate our workflow using 2D ERT data and a PSObased inversion approach, the proposed strategy is general and can be adapted to analyze model ensembles generated from other kinds of geophysical data and using different global inversion approaches. KW - Near-surface geophysics KW - Electrical resistivity tomography KW - Non-uniqueness KW - Global inversion KW - Particle swarm optimization KW - Ensemble KW - analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2021.104512 SN - 0926-9851 SN - 1879-1859 VL - 196 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewandowski, Max T1 - Hadamard states for bosonic quantum field theory on globally hyperbolic spacetimes JF - Journal of mathematical physics N2 - According to Radzikowski’s celebrated results, bisolutions of a wave operator on a globally hyperbolic spacetime are of the Hadamard form iff they are given by a linear combination of distinguished parametrices i2(G˜aF−G˜F+G˜A−G˜R) in the sense of Duistermaat and Hörmander [Acta Math. 128, 183–269 (1972)] and Radzikowski [Commun. Math. Phys. 179, 529 (1996)]. Inspired by the construction of the corresponding advanced and retarded Green operator GA, GR as done by Bär, Ginoux, and Pfäffle {Wave Equations on Lorentzian Manifolds and Quantization [European Mathematical Society (EMS), Zürich, 2007]}, we construct the remaining two Green operators GF, GaF locally in terms of Hadamard series. Afterward, we provide the global construction of i2(G˜aF−G˜F), which relies on new techniques such as a well-posed Cauchy problem for bisolutions and a patching argument using Čech cohomology. This leads to global bisolutions of the Hadamard form, each of which can be chosen to be a Hadamard two-point-function, i.e., the smooth part can be adapted such that, additionally, the symmetry and the positivity condition are exactly satisfied. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0055753 SN - 0022-2488 SN - 1089-7658 VL - 63 IS - 1 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie A1 - Bufe, Aaron A1 - Turowski, Jens M. T1 - Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width JF - AGU Advances N2 - River-valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley-wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross-sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river-terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley-width-height relationship, we reformulate existing valley-width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope-channel coupling is not captured in current valley-evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000641 SN - 2576-604X PB - American Geophysical Union (AGU); Wiley CY - Hoboken, New Jersey, USA ER - TY - BOOK ED - Hennemann, Anja ED - Meisnitzer, Benjamin T1 - Linguistic hybridity BT - contact-induced and cognitively motivated grammaticalization and lexicalization processes in Romance languages T3 - Studia Romanica N2 - This volume deals with different linguistic phenomena representing grammaticalization and lexicalization processes and combines different approaches of contact linguistics and variational linguistics. It contains papers on clitic placement in Angolan Portuguese, on the use of subject pronouns in French, Brazilian Portuguese and Caribbean Spanish, on evidential marking in Paraguayan Spanish, on Paraguayan Guaraní, on evidentiality in different varieties of Spanish, on discourse markers in Latin America, on modal particles in Italian and their translation into German, on bilingual communities in Southern Brazil, on Spanish-German-Russian language contact and on Romance aspectual periphrases in contact with English progressives. KW - Romanische Sprachen KW - Grammatikalisation KW - Lexikalisierung KW - Sprachkontakt KW - Variationslinguistik Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8253-4936-3 SN - 978-3-8253-8562-0 IS - 232 PB - Universitätsverlag Winter CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Böhm, Verónica Julia A1 - Hennemann, Anja A1 - Meisnitzer, Benjamin T1 - Language contact and the linguistic coding of evidentiality in varieties of Spanish in Latin America T2 - Linguistic hybridity: contact-induced and cognitively motivated grammaticalization and lexicalization processes in Romance languages Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8253-4936-3 SN - 978-3-8253-8562-0 SP - 117 EP - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Winter CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hennemann, Anja A1 - Meisnitzer, Benjamin T1 - An introduction to contact-induced and cognitively motivated grammaticalization and lexicalization processes in Romance languages T2 - Linguistic hybridity: contact-induced and cognitively motivated grammaticalization and lexicalization processes in Romance languages Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8253-4936-3 SN - 978-3-8253-8562-0 SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - Heidelberg CY - Universitätsverlag Winter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kastius, Alexander A1 - Schlosser, Rainer T1 - Dynamic pricing under competition using reinforcement learning JF - Journal of revenue and pricing management N2 - Dynamic pricing is considered a possibility to gain an advantage over competitors in modern online markets. The past advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provided more capable algorithms that can be used to solve pricing problems. In this paper, we study the performance of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Soft Actor Critic (SAC) in different market models. We consider tractable duopoly settings, where optimal solutions derived by dynamic programming techniques can be used for verification, as well as oligopoly settings, which are usually intractable due to the curse of dimensionality. We find that both algorithms provide reasonable results, while SAC performs better than DQN. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions, RL algorithms can be forced into collusion by their competitors without direct communication. KW - Dynamic pricing KW - Competition KW - Reinforcement learning KW - E-commerce KW - Price collusion Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-021-00285-3 SN - 1476-6930 SN - 1477-657X VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 63 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adair, Gigi A1 - McLaughlin, Carly T1 - Beyond humanitarianism BT - reading counternarratives of forced migration from the global south JF - Narrating Flight and Asylum Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-86821-965-4 SP - 165 EP - 182 PB - Trier CY - WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Spatial-numerical associations without a motor response? Grip force says ‘Yes’ JF - Acta Psychologica N2 - In numerical processing, the functional role of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNAs, such as the association of smaller numbers with left space and larger numbers with right space, the Mental Number Line hypothesis) is debated. Most studies demonstrate SNAs with lateralized responses, and there is little evidence that SNAs appear when no response is required. We recorded passive holding grip forces in no-go trials during number processing. In Experiment 1, participants performed a surface numerical decision task (“Is it a number or a letter?”). In Experiment 2, we used a deeper semantic task (“Is this number larger or smaller than five?”). Despite instruction to keep their grip force constant, participants' spontaneous grip force changed in both experiments: Smaller numbers led to larger force increase in the left than in the right hand in the numerical decision task (500–700 ms after stimulus onset). In the semantic task, smaller numbers again led to larger force increase in the left hand, and larger numbers increased the right-hand holding force. This effect appeared earlier (180 ms) and lasted longer (until 580 ms after stimulus onset). This is the first demonstration of SNAs with passive holding force. Our result suggests that (1) explicit motor response is not a prerequisite for SNAs to appear, and (2) the timing and strength of SNAs are task-dependent. (216 words). KW - SNARC KW - Mental number line KW - Number processing KW - Embodied cognition KW - Grip force KW - Motor system Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103791 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 231 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cockshott, William Paul A1 - Cottrell, Allin A1 - Dapprich, Jan Philipp T1 - Economic planning in an age of climate crisis N2 - Faced with an accelerating climate crisis caused by burning fossil fuels we have to change the way the economy works. We can no longer go on with a system that just maximises private profit without consideration for its effects. Instead we have to conciously plan how to change to a fossil fuel free society. The need is urgent. The transformation will be vast. Nothing similar has been done in the West since the days of wartime mobilisation. This book explains the basic science of climate change before looking at the transformations needed to our energy and basic industries. It looks at the previous successful history of deliberate planning practiced in the UK from 1939 to the 1960s and how, using modern computing techniques it will be possible to organise resources so as to effect the change. Y1 - 2022 SN - 979-8-36012-556-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd T1 - A conundrum of trends BT - comment on a paper by Lischeid et al. (2021) JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - This comment is meant to reiterate two warnings: One applies to the uncritical use of ready-made (openly available) program packages, and one to the estimation of trends in serially correlated time series. Both warnings apply to the recent publication of Lischeid et al. about lake-level trends in Germany. KW - Linear trends KW - Autocorrelation KW - Pre-whitening Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127745 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 609 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Ying T1 - Study on transport mechanism of m5C-edited mRNAs Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Hildebrandt, Frauke A1 - Hasselhorn, Marcus A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Children's use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language is related to their numerical magnitude understanding JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude. KW - spatial language KW - frames of reference KW - numerical development KW - mental number line KW - preschool children Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943191 SN - 1664-1078 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hecker, Pascal A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Eyben, Florian A1 - Schuller, Björn Wolfgang A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Voice Analysis for Neurological Disorder Recognition – A Systematic Review and Perspective on Emerging Trends JF - Frontiers in Digital Health N2 - Quantifying neurological disorders from voice is a rapidly growing field of research and holds promise for unobtrusive and large-scale disorder monitoring. The data recording setup and data analysis pipelines are both crucial aspects to effectively obtain relevant information from participants. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide a high-level overview of practices across various neurological disorders and highlight emerging trends. PRISMA-based literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore to identify publications in which original (i.e., newly recorded) datasets were collected. Disorders of interest were psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, such as bipolar disorder, depression, and stress, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, and speech impairments (aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphonia). Of the 43 retrieved studies, Parkinson's disease is represented most prominently with 19 discovered datasets. Free speech and read speech tasks are most commonly used across disorders. Besides popular feature extraction toolkits, many studies utilise custom-built feature sets. Correlations of acoustic features with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are presented. In terms of analysis, statistical analysis for significance of individual features is commonly used, as well as predictive modeling approaches, especially with support vector machines and a small number of artificial neural networks. An emerging trend and recommendation for future studies is to collect data in everyday life to facilitate longitudinal data collection and to capture the behavior of participants more naturally. Another emerging trend is to record additional modalities to voice, which can potentially increase analytical performance. KW - neurological disorders KW - voice KW - speech KW - everyday life KW - multiple modalities KW - machine learning KW - disorder recognition Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.842301 SN - 2673-253X PB - Frontiers Media SA CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göldel, Julia M. A1 - Kamrath, Clemens A1 - Minden, Kirsten A1 - Wiegand, Susanna A1 - Lanzinger, Stefanie A1 - Sengler, Claudia A1 - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann A1 - Holl, Reinhard W. A1 - Tittel, Sascha René A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Access to Healthcare for Children and Adolescents with a Chronic Health Condition during the COVID-19 Pandemic: First Results from the KICK-COVID Study in Germany JF - Children N2 - This study examines the access to healthcare for children and adolescents with three common chronic diseases (type-1 diabetes (T1D), obesity, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)) within the 4th (Delta), 5th (Omicron), and beginning of the 6th (Omicron) wave (June 2021 until July 2022) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in a cross-sectional study using three national patient registries. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was given to parents of pediatric patients (<21 years) during the routine check-ups. The questionnaire contains self-constructed items assessing the frequency of healthcare appointments and cancellations, remote healthcare, and satisfaction with healthcare. In total, 905 parents participated in the T1D-sample, 175 in the obesity-sample, and 786 in the JIA-sample. In general, satisfaction with healthcare (scale: 0–10; 10 reflecting the highest satisfaction) was quite high (median values: T1D 10, JIA 10, obesity 8.5). The proportion of children and adolescents with canceled appointments was relatively small (T1D 14.1%, JIA 11.1%, obesity 20%), with a median of 1 missed appointment, respectively. Only a few parents (T1D 8.6%; obesity 13.1%; JIA 5%) reported obstacles regarding health services during the pandemic. To conclude, it seems that access to healthcare was largely preserved for children and adolescents with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. KW - chronic health condition KW - children and adolescents KW - health care KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - diabetes KW - rheumatic diseases KW - obesity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010010 SN - 2227-9067 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rezori, Roman Enzio von A1 - Buchallik, Friederike A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions JF - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health N2 - Background Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. Methods A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Results EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 – 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. Conclusions The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis. KW - Measure validation KW - Chronic conditions KW - Resilience KW - Coping skills and adjustment KW - Youth Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7 SN - 1753-2000 VL - 16 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Biomed Central CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Stoll, Andreas T1 - Advanced spectroscopic instruments enabled by integrated optics N2 - The aim of this work is the study of silica Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) in the context of applications in astronomy. The specific focus lies on the investigation of the feasibility and technology limits of customized silica AWG devices for high resolution near-infrared spectroscopy. In a series of theoretical and experimental studies, AWG devices of varying geometry, foot-print and spectral resolution are constructed, simulated using a combination of a numerical beam propagation method and Fraunhofer diffraction and fabricated devices are characterized with respect to transmission efficiency, spectral resolution and polarization sensitivity. The impact of effective index non-uniformities on the performance of high-resolution AWG devices is studied numerically. Characterization results of fabricated devices are used to extrapolate the technology limits of the silica platform. The important issues of waveguide birefringence and defocus aberration are discussed theoretically and addressed experimentally by selection of an appropriate aberration-minimizing anastigmatic AWG layout structure. The drawbacks of the anastigmatic AWG geometry are discussed theoretically. From the results of the experimental studies, it is concluded that fabrication-related phase errors and waveguide birefringence are the primary limiting factors for the growth of AWG spectral resolution. It is shown that, without post-processing, the spectral resolving power is phase-error-limited to R < 40, 000 and, in the case of unpolarized light, birefringence-limited to R < 30, 000 in the AWG devices presented in this work. Necessary measures, such as special waveguide geometries and post-fabrication phase error correction are proposed for future designs. The elimination of defocus aberration using an anastigmatic AWG geometry is successfully demonstrated in experiment. Finally, a novel, non-planar dispersive in-fibre waveguide structure is proposed, discussed and studied theoretically. N2 - Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung von Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs) auf SiO2-Basis im Kontext von Anwendungen in der Astronomie. Der besondere Fokus liegt auf der Untersuchung der Machbarkeit und der technologischen Grenzen von spezialisierten AWGs für die hochauflösende Nahinfrarot-Spektroskopie. In einer Reihe von theoretischen und experimentellen Studien werden AWGs unterschiedlicher Geometrie, Größe und spektraler Auflösung konstruiert, unter Verwendung einer numerischen Beam-Propagation-Methode (BPM) und Fraunhofer-Beugung simuliert und hinsichtlich Effizienz, spektraler Auflösung und Polarisationsempfindlichkeit charakterisiert. Der Einfluss von Variationen des effektiven Brechungsindex auf die Leistung von hochauflösenden AWGs wird numerisch untersucht. Mit hergestellten AWGs gewonnene Messergebnisse werden verwendet, um die technologischen Grenzen der SiO2-Plattform zu extrapolieren. Die relevanten Probleme der Polarisationsempfindlichkeit und der in kanonischen Rowland-Geometrien auftretenden Defokusaberration werden theoretisch diskutiert und experimentell durch die Auswahl einer geeigneten aberrationsminimierenden AWG-Struktur angegangen. Die Nachteile anastigmatischer AWGs werden theoretisch diskutiert. Aus den Ergebnissen der experimentellen Studien wird geschlossen, dass herstellungsbedingte Phasenfehler und Wellenleiter-Doppelbrechung die primären begrenzenden Faktoren für die Erhöhung der AWG-Spektralauflösung sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass das spektrale Auflösungsvermögen der in dieser Arbeit präsentierten AWGs ohne Phasenfehlerkorrektur auf R < 40, 000 und durch Doppelbrechung auf R < 30, 000 im Fall unpolarisierten Lichtes begrenzt ist. Notwendige Maßnahmen wie spezielle Wellenleitergeometrien und Phasenfehlerkorrektur nach der Herstellung werden für zukünftige AWG-Designs empfohlen. Die Eliminierung von Defokussierungsfehlern unter Verwendung einer anastigmatischen AWG-Geometrie wird erfolgreich im Experiment demonstriert. Schließlich wird eine neuartige, in eine optische Faser eingebettete, nicht-planare dispersive Wellenleiterstruktur vorgeschlagen, diskutiert und theoretisch untersucht. KW - Astrophotonics KW - Integrated spectrograph KW - planar lightwave circuit KW - arrayed waveguide grating KW - silica-on-silicon KW - Astrophotonik KW - integrierter Spektrograph KW - planare Lichtwellenleiter KW - Siliziumdioxid-auf-Silizium Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weilandt, Maria ED - Edtstadler, Katharina ED - Folie, Sandra ED - Zocco, Gianna T1 - Nationality as Intersectional Storytelling BT - Inventing the "Parisienne" JF - New Perspectives on Imagology N2 - Nationality traditionally is one of imagology’s key terms. In this article, I propose an intersectional understanding of this category, conceiving nationality as an interdependent dynamic. I thus conclude it to be always internally constructed by notions of gender, sexuality, race, class, religion, age, ability, and other identity categories. This complex and multi-layered construct, I argue, is formed narratively. To exemplify this, I analyse practices of stereotyping in Honoré de Balzac’s Illusions perdues (1843) and Henry James’s The American (1877) which construct the so-called Parisienne as a synecdoche for nineteenth-century France. KW - Komparatistik KW - Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft KW - Imagologie KW - Intersektionalität KW - Honoré de Balzac KW - Henry James Y1 - 2022 UR - https://brill.com/display/title/58016 SN - 978-90-04-45012-7 SN - 978-90-04-51315-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004513150_016 SP - 297 EP - 311 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanns, Jolanda A1 - Keller, David T1 - The development, use, and evaluation of digital games and quizzes in an introductory course on organic chemistry for preservice chemistry teachers JF - Journal of chemical education / Division of Chemical Education, Inc., American Chemical Society N2 - Due to the COVID pandemic, the introductory course on organic chemistry was developed and conducted as anonline course. To ensure methodical variety in this course,educational games and quizzes have been developed, used, and evaluated. The attendance of the course, and therefore also the use of the quizzes and games, was voluntary. The quizzes'main goalwas to give the students the opportunity to check whether they had memorized the knowledge needed in the course. Another goal was to make transparent which knowledge the students shouldmemorize by rote. The evaluation shows that the students hadnot internalized all knowledge which they should apply in severaltasks on organic chemistry. They answered multiselect questions in general less well than single-select questions. The games shouldcombine fun with learning. The evaluation of the games shows that the students rated them very well. The students used thosegames again for their exam preparation, as the monitoring of accessing the games showed. Students'experiences with usingelectronic devices in general or for quizzes and games have also been evaluated, because their experience could influence thestudents'assessment of the quizzes and games used in our study. However, the students used electronic devices regularly and shouldtherefore be technically competent to use our quizzes and games. The evaluation showed that the use of digital games for learningpurposes is not very common, neither at school nor at university, although the students had worked with such tools before. Thestudents are also very interested in using and developing such digital games not only for their own study, but also for their future work at school KW - Organic Chemistry KW - Second-Year Undergraduate KW - Humor KW - Puzzles KW - Games; KW - Internet KW - Web-Based Learning KW - Distance Learning KW - Self Instruction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00058 SN - 0021-9584 SN - 1938-1328 VL - 99 IS - 4 SP - 1715 EP - 1724 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER -