TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Treutlein, Jens A1 - Schmid, Brigitte A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism N2 - Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063223 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010 SN - 0006-3223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Lange, Elke B. T1 - Activation and binding in verbal working memory : a dual-process model for the recognition of nonwords N2 - The article presents a mathematical model of short-term recognition based on dual-process models and the three- component theory of working memory [Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 411-421]. Familiarity arises from activated representations in long-term memory, ignoring their relations; recollection retrieves bindings in the capacity- limited component of working memory. In three experiments participants encoded two short lists of nonwords for immediate recognition, one of which was then cued as irrelevant. Probes from the irrelevant list were rejected more slowly than new probes; this was also found with probes recombining letters of irrelevant nonwords, suggesting that familiarity arises from individual letters independent of their relations. When asked to accept probes whose letters were all in the relevant list, regardless of their conjunction, participants accepted probes preserving the original conjunctions faster than recombinations, showing that recollection accessed feature bindings automatically. The model fit the data best when familiarity depended only on matching letters, whereas recollection used binding information. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00100285 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.05.003 SN - 0010-0285 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Meyer, Nadine T1 - The contributions of encoding, retention, and recall to the Hebb effect N2 - The article reports an experiment testing whether the Hebb repetition effectthe gradual improvement of immediate serial recall when the same list is repeated several timesdepends on overt recall of the repeated lists. Previous reports which suggest that recall is critical confound the recall manipulation with retention interval. The present experiment orthogonally varies retention interval (0 or 9 s) and whether the list is to be recalled after the retention interval. Hebb repetition learning is assessed in a final test phase. A repetition effect was obtained in all four experimental conditions; it was larger for recalled than non-recalled lists, whereas retention interval had no effect. The results show that encoding is sufficient to generate cumulative long-term learning, which is strengthened by recall. Rehearsal, if it takes place in the retention interval at all, does not have the same effect on long-term learning as overt recall. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683358~db=all U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903107861 SN - 0965-8211 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Vockenberg, Kerstin T1 - Updating of working memory : lingering bindings N2 - Three experiments investigated proactive interference and proactive facilitation in a memory-updating paradigm. Participants remembered several letters or spatial patterns, distinguished by their spatial positions, and updated them by new stimuli up to 20 times per trial. Self-paced updating times were shorter when an item previously remembered and then replaced reappeared in the same location than when it reappeared in a different location. This effect demonstrates residual memory for no-longer-relevant bindings of items to locations. The effect increased with the number of items to be remembered. With one exception, updating times did not increase, and recall of final values did not decrease, over successive updating steps, thus providing little evidence for proactive interference building up cumulatively. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1747-0218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210802372912 SN - 1747-0218 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Beratungspsychologie Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-540-79060-0 PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza A1 - Drüge, Sebastian A1 - Ihle, Wolfgang T1 - Wirksamkeit von Neuro- und EMG-Feedback bei Kindern mit ADHS : eine Follow-up-Studie Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fichter, Manfred M. A1 - Kohlboeck, Gabriele A1 - Quadflieg, Norbert A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - From childhood to adult age : 18-year longitudinal results and prediction of the course of mental disorders in the community N2 - This prospective longitudinal study of a representative community sample of children and adolescents (N = 269) examined the long-term course and predictive power of psychiatric symptoms in childhood/adolescence for diagnostic outcome (ICD-10) 18 years later at adult age. At both cross-sectional assessments, baseline (1980-1984) and the 18-year follow-up (2001-2004), psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the 'Standardized Psychiatric Interview' (Goldberg et al. in Br J Prev Soc Med 24:18-23, 1970). At follow-up, study participants were reassessed with the standardized M-CIDI (Wittchen and Pfister in Manual und Durchfuhrungsbeschreibung des DIA-X-M-CIDI, Swets and Zeitlinger, Frankfurt, 1997) interview. The participation rate at 18-year follow-up was 82% of those alive. The frequency of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety or phobia was considerably higher when the participants were younger (baseline assessment at childhood, adolescent age) as compared to their scores in adult age. Increased levels of somatic symptoms, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety and worry as well as phobic symptoms in childhood/adolescence were related to a higher risk of suffering from a psychiatric disorder in adulthood. Depressive symptoms predicted both mood disorders and substance use disorders in adulthood. Phobias predicted later anxiety disorders. These data spanning almost two decades add significant information to the existing literature on the course of mental disorders in the community during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101494 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0501-y SN - 0933-7954 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedo, Anna-Lena A1 - Bohlmann, Katrin A1 - Straub, Hans-Beatus T1 - First experiences with rufinamide : tolerability and effectiveness in clinical practice Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0013-9580 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02063.x SN - 0013-9580 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bardi, Anat A1 - Lee, Julie Anne A1 - Hofmann-Towfigh, Nadi A1 - Soutar, Geoffrey T1 - The structure of intraindividual value change N2 - Values are assumed to be relatively stable during adulthood. Yet, little research has examined value stability and change, and there are no studies on the structure of value change. On the basis of S. H. Schwartz's (1992) value theory, the authors propose that the structure of intraindividual value change mirrors the circumplexlike structure of values so that conflicting values change in opposite directions and compatible values change in the same direction. Four longitudinal studies, varying in life contexts, time gaps, populations, countries, languages, and value measures, supported the proposed structure of intraindividual value change. An increase in the importance of any one value is accompanied by slight increases in the importance of compatible values and by decreases in the importance of conflicting values. Thus, intraindividual changes in values are not chaotic, but occur in a way that maintains Schwartz's value structure. Furthermore, the greater the extent of life-changing events, the greater the value change found, whereas age was only a marginal negative predictor of value change when life events were taken into account. Implications for the structure of personality change are discussed. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/index.aspx U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0016617 SN - 0022-3514 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engeser, Stefan A1 - Rheinberg, Falko A1 - Moeller, Matthias T1 - Achievement motive imagery in German schoolbooks : a pilot study testing McClelland's hypothesis N2 - McClelland [McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand] observed that the amount of achievement imagery in children's books predicted the economic development of societies. He argued that achievement imagery is an indicator of a motivational climate, and when children grow up in a society that emphasizes the striving for achievement, they will be more economically productive later on. We tested McClelland's hypothesis by coding school textbooks for achievement imagery from two German federal states (Baden-Wurttemberg and Bremen) with pronounced differences in economic and educational conditions. As expected, the schoolbooks from the state with the more advantageous conditions contained more achievement imagery. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00926566 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.001 SN - 0092-6566 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauh, Hellgard T1 - Entwicklungspsychologie der frühen Kindheit Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-8017-2217-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - Tools and goals : a social-cognition perspective on infant learning of object function Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-405-16217-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Kroeller, Katja T1 - Maternal perception of weight status and health risks associated with obesity in children N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with the maternal perception of the weight status in related and unrelated children and to examine whether associated health risks for children's physical and mental health are recognized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred nineteen mothers with children between 3 and 6 years of age took part in this study. The participating mothers were recruited from inpatient clinics and kindergartens. Parents were presented with 9 silhouettes representing different age- and gender-specific BMI percentiles. Demographic and weight-related variables were assessed with regard to their influence on the accuracy of the maternal weight estimation in general and for their own child. RESULTS: Of the participating mothers, 64.5% identified the overweight silhouettes of preschool- aged children correctly. However, only 48.8% of the mothers identified the overweight silhouettes associated with an increased risk for physical health problems, and 38.7% identified the silhouettes associated with an increased mental health risk. Mothers with a lower educational background were more likely to misclassify the overweight silhouettes and underestimate the associated health problems. For their own child, only 40.3% of the mothers chose silhouettes that were in agreement with the objective weight status of their child. This underestimation was associated with a higher maternal and child weight status but not with a general inability to identify the weight status of children. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying unrelated overweight silhouettes is influenced by maternal education level, whereas estimating their own child's weight status is influenced by the weight status of the mother and the child. Hence, feedback on the child's risk to become overweight is necessary to increase maternal risk awareness and willingness to take part in prevention programs. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1845 SN - 0031-4005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Richter, Maria T1 - Prävention kindlichen übergewichts : elterliche Selbstwirksamkeit und Handlungsergebniserwartungen N2 - Adipositas ist ein ernstzunehmendes gesundheitliches Problem, welches das physische und psychosoziale Wohlbefinden von Kindern und deren Eltern beeintraechtigt und somit wirksamer praeventiver Ansaetze bedarf. Dabei ist es bedeutsam, welche Barrieren, Anreize und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen Eltern fuer oder gegen die Teilnahme an solchen Programmen entscheiden lassen. Ziel der Studie war es zu untersuchen, wie Muetter ihre Selbstwirksamkeits- und Handlungsergebniserwartungen beschreiben und inwieweit sich soziodemografische Aspekte auf diese Einschaetzungen auswirken. Insgesamt wurden 219 Muetter von Kindern im Alter von 3-6 Jahren befragt. Mehr als die Haelfte der befragten Muetter waren uebergewichtig bzw. adipoes sowie 12% der Kinder. Es ergaben sich weder fuer das Alter und das Geschlecht des Kindes noch fuer das Familieneinkommen Unterschiede in den Handlungsergebniserwartungen. Muetter mit geringerer Bildung nahmen weniger Anreize wahr und Muetter mit uebergewichtigen Kindern sahen weniger Barrieren fuer eine Programmteilnahme. uebergewichtige Muetter dagegen bewerteten die Barrieren und Anreize hoeher als normalgewichtige Muetter. Hinsichtlich der Selbstwirksamkeit ergaben sich ebenfalls Unterschiede bezueglich der Bildung und des Gewichts der Mutter sowie des Kindes. Im Vorfeld einer Intervention sollte ein Beratungsgespraech bezogen auf die muetterlichen Erwartungen stattfinden, um die Teilnahmebereitschaft und den Programmerfolg zu unterstuetzen. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/0943-8149 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.17.1.22 SN - 0943-8149 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens A1 - Kieschke, Ulf T1 - Improving students' reading comprehension skills : effects of strategy instruction and reciprocal teaching N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different forms of strategy instruction on 210 elementary-school students' reading comprehension. Students were assigned to any one of three intervention conditions or to a traditional instruction condition (control condition). Training students were taught four reading strategies (summarizing, questioning, clarifying, predicting) and practiced these strategies in small groups (reciprocal teaching), pairs, or instructor-guided small groups. At both the post- and follow-up test the intervention students attained higher scores on an experiment-developed task of reading comprehension and strategy use than the control students who received traditional instruction. Furthermore, students who practiced reciprocal teaching in small groups outperformed use than the control students who received traditional instruction groups on a standardized reading comprehension test. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09594752 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2008.05.003 SN - 0959-4752 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Straub, Hans-Beatus A1 - Bohlmann, Katrin T1 - Naltrexone in the treatment of nonepileptic psychogenic (dissociative) seizures Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0013-9580 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02063.x SN - 0013-9580 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Starzynski, Christian A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Noise-enhanced target discrimination under the influence of fixational eye movements and external noise N2 - Active motor processes are present in many sensory systems to enhance perception. In the human visual system, miniature eye movements are produced involuntarily and unconsciously when we fixate a stationary target. These fixational eye movements represent self-generated noise which serves important perceptual functions. Here we investigate fixational eye movements under the influence of external noise. In a two-choice discrimination task, the target stimulus performed a random walk with varying noise intensity. We observe noise-enhanced discrimination of the target stimulus characterized by a U-shaped curve of manual response times as a function of the diffusion constant of the stimulus. Based on the experiments, we develop a stochastic information-accumulator model for stimulus discrimination in a noisy environment. Our results provide a new explanation for the constructive role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://ojps.aip.org/chaos/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3098950 SN - 1054-1500 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - O'Hare, David T1 - A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees' decision making Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-444-53356-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Fellinger, Johannes A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Evidence for epistasis between the 5-HTTLPR and the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms in externalizing behavior among 15-year-olds N2 - The present study aimed to clarify the functional role of genes in the dopamine and serotonin systems by examining whether polymorphisms in these genes are related to adolescent externalizing behavior either alone or in interaction with each other. Participants were selected from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 298 adolescents (144 males, 154 females) completed the Youth Self Report, 296 primary caregivers the Child Behavior Checklist and 253 teachers the Teacher Report Form. DNA was genotyped for the DRD4 exon III VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results revealed that individuals with the DRD4 7r allele reported significantly more externalizing behavior than carriers of other variants. In addition, a significant interaction emerged, indicating that adolescents carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR short allele and the DRD4 7r variant scored highest on aggressive and/or delinquent behavior compared to other genotypes. This result suggests an effect of 5-HTTLPR on externalizing behavior in the presence of DRD4 7r but no effect in its absence. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101493 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-009-0290-1 SN - 0300-9564 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kinder, Annette A1 - Lotz, Anja T1 - Connectionist models of artificial grammar learning : what type of knowledge is acquired? N2 - Two experiments are presented that test the predictions of two associative learning models of Artificial Grammar Learning. The two models are the simple recurrent network (SRN) and the competitive chunking (CC) model. The two experiments investigate acquisition of different types of knowledge in this task: knowledge of frequency and novelty of stimulus fragments (Experiment 1) and knowledge of letter positions, of small fragments, and of large fragments up to entire strings (Experiment 2). The results show that participants acquired all types of knowledge. Simulation studies demonstrate that the CC model explains the acquisition of all types of fragment knowledge but fails to account for the acquisition of positional knowledge. The SRN model, by contrast, accounts for the entire pattern of results found in the two experiments. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101575 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-008-0177-z SN - 0340-0727 ER -