TY - THES A1 - Göthe, Katrin T1 - The limits of parallel processing T1 - Die Grenzen der parallelen Verarbeitung N2 - Trying to do two things at once decreases performance of one or both tasks in many cases compared to the situation when one performs each task by itself. The present thesis deals with the question why and in which cases these dual-task costs emerge and moreover, whether there are cases in which people are able to process two cognitive tasks at the same time without costs. In four experiments the influence of stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, S-R modality pairings, interindividual differences, and practice on parallel processing ability of two tasks are examined. Results show that parallel processing is possible. Nevertheless, dual-task costs emerge when: the personal processing strategy is serial, the two tasks have not been practiced together, S-R compatibility of both tasks is low (e.g. when a left target has to be responded with a right key press and in the other task an auditorily presented “A” has to be responded by saying “B”), and modality pairings of both tasks are Non Standard (i.e., visual-spatial stimuli are responded vocally whereas auditory-verbal stimuli are responded manually). Results are explained with respect to executive-based (S-R compatibility) and content-based crosstalk (S-R modality pairings) between tasks. Finally, an alternative information processing account with respect to the central stage of response selection (i.e., the translation of the stimulus to the response) is presented. N2 - Versucht man zwei Aufgaben zur gleichen Zeit zu erledigen, so verschlechtert sich die Leistung einer oder beider Aufgabe(n) im Vergleich zur Situation, in der man beide Aufgaben einzeln erledigt. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, warum und unter welchen Umständen diese Doppelaufgabenkosten entstehen. Darüber hinaus geht sie der Frage nach, ob es Aufgabenkombinationen gibt, für die parallele Verarbeitung ohne Kosten gezeigt werden kann. In vier Experimenten wurde der Einfluss von Stimulus-Reaktion (S-R) Kompatibilität, S-R Modalitätspaarungen, interindividueller Unterschiede und Training auf das Parallelverarbeitungspotential zweier Aufgaben untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass parallele Verarbeitung generell möglich ist. Dennoch entstehen Doppelaufgabenkosten, wenn die persönliche Verarbeitungsstrategie seriell ist, die beiden Aufgaben nicht genügend zusammen trainiert wurden, die S-R Kompatibilität beider Aufgaben gering ist (z.B. wenn ein linker Zielreiz mit einem Druck auf die rechten Taste beantwortet und in der anderen Aufgabe ein auditiv präsentiertes „A“ mit der Aussprache eines „Bs“ beantwortet werden muss) und die Modalitätspaarungen beider Aufgaben Nicht-Standard sind (d.h. visuell-räumliche Stimuli mit vokalen und auditiv-verbale Stimuli mit manuellen Reaktionen beantwortet werden müssen). Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden durch „Crosstalk“ der exekutiven Signale (S-R Kompatibilität) und durch inhaltsbasierten „Crosstalk“ (S-R Modalitätspaarungen) erklärt. Weiterhin wird ein alternatives Modell der Informationsverarbeitung mit Hinblick auf die zentrale Phase der Antwortauswahl (d.h. die Phase in der die Stimulusinformation in eine Antwort übersetzt wird) vorgestellt. KW - Parallele Verarbeitung KW - S-R Kompatibilität KW - Modalitätspaarungen KW - zentraler Flaschenhals KW - parallel processing KW - S-R compatibility KW - modality pairings KW - central bottleneck Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46063 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kröller, Katja A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake : considering weight and demographic influences using structural equation modeling N2 - Background: Research concerning child's food intake have considered various influencing factors, for example parental feeding strategies, demographic and weight factors. At this time, however, there are few findings that explore these factors simultaneously. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test a structural equation model regarding the associations between maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake. Methods: 556 mothers and their children between 1 and 10 years of age participated in this crosssectional study. Besides socio-demographic and weight data, the mothers were asked about their feeding strategies as well as their child's food intake. Results: The well-fitting model explained 73% of the variance in the child's consumption of healthy and 34% of unhealthy food. In addition to the effect of the mother's social status and the child's age, a rewarding and modeling feeding behavior significantly influenced the child's food intake. Conclusion: The results highlight the relevance of maternal feeding behavior on the child's food intake. In terms of preventing eating- or weight-related problems, the findings indicate the usefulness of training parents in explicit modeling behavior and avoiding food as a reward. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 181 KW - Parenting practices KW - Obesity risk KW - Consumption KW - Overweight KW - Adolescents Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kröller, Katja T1 - Mütterliche Steuerung in der Essenssituation T1 - Maternal feeding strategies N2 - Die Etablierung eines gesunden Ernährungsverhaltens unserer Kinder ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für ihre körperliche, kognitive und emotionale Entwicklung. Dabei sind neben einer genetischen Disposition und kulturellen Gegebenheiten vor allem die Einflüsse der jeweiligen Betreuungspersonen ausschlaggebend. Die Eltern steuern sowohl direkt (durch Aufforderungen, Verbote u.ä.) als auch indirekt (durch die Förderung eigenverantwortlicher Entscheidungen u.ä.) das Ernährungsverhalten ihres Kindes. Untersuchungen zum mütterlichen Steuerungsverhalten konzentrierten sich bisher vorwiegend auf die Betrachtung direkter Strategien sowie auf altershomogene und sozial besser gestellte Gruppen. Aufgrund möglicher Verzerrungen durch die Betrachtung einzelner Ausschnitte des Zusammenhangs zwischen Steuerung und Ernährung wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Gesamtmodell spezifiziert, welches den Zusammenhang zwischen elterlicher Steuerung und kindlicher Ernährung unter Berücksichtigung von Sozial- und Gewichtsfaktoren abbildet. Dazu wurden drei Erhebungen mit insgesamt über 900 Müttern 1 – 10-jähriger Kinder durchgeführt. Innerhalb dieser Untersuchungen ist es gelungen, erstmalig ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Messung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS) zu entwickeln. Die Analysen zeigten, dass bisher nur selten untersuchte Strategien, wie das explizite Bemühen um Vorbildwirkung und das Erlauben von eigenverantwortlichen Entscheidungen des Kindes, von den Müttern häufig angewandt werden. Die Analyse des komplexen Wirkungsgefüge von Steuerung, kindlicher Ernährung sowie sozialer und gewichtsbezogener Faktoren zeigte weiterhin, dass neben stabilen Faktoren, wie dem mütterlichen Status und dem Alter des Kindes, ein entscheidender Anteil der mütterlichen Steuerungsstrategien für die kindliche Ernährung verantwortlich ist. Die berichteten Ergebnisse zeigen auf, wie relevant die gemeinsame Betrachtung von gesunden und problematischen Nahrungsmitteln sowie die den Zusammenhang zwischen Steuerung und Ernährung beeinflussenden Faktoren innerhalb eines Modells ist. Zusammengefasst scheint vor allem die Steuerung durch Belohnung von und mit bestimmten Nahrungsmitteln eine für das kindliche Ernährungsverhalten und das Übergewichtsrisiko besonders kritische Strategie zu sein. Dies ist umso bedeutender, als bisherige Untersuchungen dieses Verhalten häufig in restriktive Strategien integriert betrachteten. Die separate Analyse wies jedoch darauf hin, dass vor allem die belohnenden Verhaltensanteile relevant sind. Dies zeigt, dass es für die Entwicklung einer gesunden kindlichen Ernährung tatsächlich veränderbare Verhaltensweisen gibt, die Eltern in Präventionsprogrammen oder anderen mit Kursen zum kindlichen Wohl assoziierten Einrichtungen vermittelt werden können. N2 - The establishment of healthy eating for our children is an important precondition for their physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Besides genetic and cultural effects that influence children’s food preferences and eating behavior, parents play a pivotal role. Both direct (e.g., demands and restrictions) and indirect strategies (e.g., modeling and monitoring) are used to influence the child’s eating. Previous research about maternal feeding strategies has concentrated mostly on either direct feeding strategies or age-homogenous samples with high social status. To avoid bias by ignoring interdependencies I have explored the association of maternal feeding strategies and the child’s food intake in a complex model, which includes socio-demographic and weight aspects. I undertook three investigations with a total of over 900 mothers of 1- to 10-year-old children. I achieved to develop a German instrument for measuring the parental feeding strategies (ISS). Further analyses showed that rarely examined strategies, such as an explicit modeling or allowing the child to control his food, were often used. We examined a multi-factorial model of the relationship between maternal feeding practices and child’s food intake, taking into account the influences of age, socioeconomic and weight factors. This underlines the relevance of some feeding strategies (namely rewarding and modeling) besides the influence of the child’s age and the mother’s social status. The described results demonstrate the need for considering a model including healthy and unhealthy foods as well as demographic, age and weight variables, to detect relevant strategies in the complex association between parental feeding and child’s food intake. Rewarding turned out to be a critical feeding strategy for the child’s unhealthy food intake and obesity risk, whereas modeling seems to have a protective effect. This is important given that previous research mostly considers this behavior as part of restrictive strategies. The separate analysis shows that the rewarding behavior is especially relevant for the child’s eating. In summary, the results point out the existence of modifiable behavior for the development of healthy eating in a child, which could be conveyed to parents during prevention programs and other facilities. KW - elterliche Steuerungsstrategien KW - kindliche Ernährung KW - gesunde und ungesunde Nahrung KW - parental feeding strategies KW - child's food intake KW - healthy and unhealthy food Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33682 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Mindless reading revisited : an analysis based on the SWIFT model of eye-movement control N2 - In this article, we revisit the mindless reading paradigm from the perspective of computational modeling. In the standard version of the paradigm, participants read sentences in both their normal version as well as the transformed (or mindless) version where each letter is replaced with a z. z-String scanning shares the oculomotor requirements with reading but none of the higher-level lexical and semantic processes. Here we use the z-string scanning task to validate the SWIFT model of saccade generation [Engbert, R., Nuthmann, A., Richter, E., & Kliegl, R. (2005). SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review, 112(4), 777-813] as an example for an advanced theory of eye-movement control in reading. We test the central assumption of spatially distributed processing across an attentional gradient proposed by the SWIFT model. Key experimental results like prolonged average fixation durations in z-string scanning compared to normal reading and the existence of a string-length effect on fixation durations and probabilities were reproduced by the model, which lends support to the model's assumptions on visual processing. Moreover, simulation results for patterns of regressive saccades in z-string scanning confirm SWIFT's concept of activation field dynamics for the selection of saccade targets. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00426989 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2008.10.022 SN - 0042-6989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hommel, Bernhard A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - Acquisition, represention, and control of action Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-19-530998-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning T1 - Conceptual considerations about the development of a decision-making training method for expert soccer referees Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-60692-390-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krentz, Eva Maria A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Muth-Seidel, D., Petermann, F., Training für Kinder mit räumlich-konstruktiven Störungen; Göttingen, Hogrefe, 2008 BT - Training für Kinder mit räumlich-konstruktiven Störungen : das neuropsychologische Einzeltraining DIMENSIONER II Y1 - 2009 UR - http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/1616-3443 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.38.2.146 SN - 1616-3443 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - Umschriebene Entwicklungsstörungen Y1 - 2009 SN - 9788-3-642-01476-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miller, Jeff A1 - Ulrich, Rolf A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Why jackknifing yields good latency estimates N2 - We compared individual-participant and jackknife-based methods for scoring the onset latencies of event-related potential (ERP) components using a diffusion process as a model for an ERP. We studied "ramp-like" components in which the true ERP increases or decreases monotonically, except for noise. If the growth rates of such components vary across participants, the jackknife-based measure can easily have only 10%-20% as much error variance as the traditional method, and this advantage is magnified with more participants. We also studied boolean AND-shaped or "bump-like" components. Jackknifing generally yielded smaller error variances with these components too, especially when the component's peak amplitude varied across participants, but less so if the component's peak latency varied. These results help illuminate the reasons for the superiority of jackknife-based onset latency measures over traditional measures in recent simulations. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0048-5772 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00761.x SN - 0048-5772 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuehn, Simone A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang A1 - Brass, Marcel T1 - Busy doing nothing : evidence for nonaction-effect binding N2 - Research on voluntary action has focused on the question of how we represent our behavior on a motor and cognitive level. However, the question of how we represent voluntary not acting has been completely neglected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive and motor representation of intentionally not acting. By using an action-effect binding approach, we demonstrate similarities of action and nonaction. In particular, our results reveal that voluntary nonactions can be bound to an effect tone. This finding suggests that effect binding is not restricted to an association between a motor representation and a successive effect (action-effect binding) but can also occur for an intended nonaction and its effect (nonaction-effect binding). Moreover, we demonstrate that nonactions have to be initiated voluntarily in order to elicit nonaction-effect binding. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/Pbr.16.3.542 SN - 1069-9384 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Elke B. A1 - Verhäghen, Paul T1 - No age differences in complex memory search : older adults search as efficiently as younger adults N2 - In 2 experiments, the authors investigated age differences in memory search under 4 conditions: forward search, backward search, random search, and fixed irregular search. Both search slopes and serial position curves were investigated. Mixing conditions led to smaller age differences than blocking conditions, suggesting that younger adults have an advantage over older adults when strategies can be applied to memory scanning. All age differences in scanning rates, however, disappeared when age differences in a magnitude-judgment control task were controlled for, showing that age differences in memory scanning tasks are not because of the scanning process per se, but because of attention, sensorimotor speed, and decision processes. In both experiments, the serial position curves of older adults echoed those of younger adults closely, demonstrating that younger and older adults use the same scanning processes. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=browsePA.volumes&jcode=pag U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0013751 SN - 0882-7974 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lotz, Anja A1 - Kinder, Annette A1 - Lachnit, Harald T1 - Multiple regression analyses in artificial-grammar learning : the importance of control groups N2 - In artificial-grammar learning, it is crucial to ensure that above-chance performance in the test stage is due to learning in the training stage but not due to judgemental biases. Here we argue that multiple regression analysis call be successfully combined with the use of control groups to assess whether participants were able to transfer knowledge acquired during training where making judgements about test stimuli. We compared the regression weights of judgements in a transfer condition (training and test strings were constructed by the same grammar but with different letters) with those in a control condition. Predictors were identical in both conditions-judgements of control participants were treated as if they were based oil knowledge gained in a standard training stage. The results of this experiment as well as reanalyses of a former study support the usefulness of our approach. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1747-0218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210802103739 SN - 1747-0218 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröller, Katja A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - ISS : ein Instrument zur Erfassung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation N2 - Vorgestellt wird ein Instrument zur Erhebung muetterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS), fuer deren Erfassung bislang kein deutschsprachiges, ueberprueftes Instrument vorliegt. Dazu wurde an 163 Muettern mit Vorschulkindern ein auf Grundlage bereits existierender englischsprachiger Instrumente (CFQ, CFSQ) sowie Fokusinterviews mit Experten und Muettern entstandener Itempool ueberprueft. Die Studie berichtet ueber die faktoren- und itemanalytischen Ergebnisse, nach denen sich 21 Items als trennscharf und verstaendlich erwiesen. Eine explorative Faktorenanalyse ergab sechs Faktoren, die zusammen 68% der Varianz aufklaerten. Sie umfassen aktive Strategien, wie Restriktion, Draengen und Belohnung, aber auch passive Steuerung durch Vorbild, Monitoring und die Staerkung der Eigenverantwortung des Kindes. Analysen zu Unterschieden im Steuerungsverhalten der Mutter bestaetigten die Faehigkeit des Instrumentes zur Differenzierung zwischen Muettern mit verschiedenem soziooekonomischen Status und Kindern unterschiedlichen Gewichts. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/0012-1924/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.55.3.135 SN - 0012-1924 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröller, Katja A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake : considering weight and demographic influences using structural equation modeling N2 - Background: Research concerning child's food intake have considered various influencing factors, for example parental feeding strategies, demographic and weight factors. At this time, however, there are few findings that explore these factors simultaneously. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to test a structural equation model regarding the associations between maternal feeding strategies and child's food intake. Methods: 556 mothers and their children between 1 and 10 years of age participated in this cross-sectional study. Besides socio-demographic and weight data, the mothers were asked about their feeding strategies as well as their child's food intake. Results: The well-fitting model explained 73% of the variance in the child's consumption of healthy and 34% of unhealthy food. In addition to the effect of the mother's social status and the child's age, a rewarding and modeling feeding behavior significantly influenced the child's food intake. Conclusion: The results highlight the relevance of maternal feeding behavior on the child's food intake. In terms of preventing eating- or weight-related problems, the findings indicate the usefulness of training parents in explicit modeling behavior and avoiding food as a reward. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.ijbnpa.org/home/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-78 SN - 1479-5868 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Treutlein, Jens A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Schmid, Brigitte A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology : evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults N2 - Previous research examining gene-environment interaction (G x E) with regard to vulnerability to depression and anxiety has yielded conflicting results. The present study was designed to further investigate G x F between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to environmental adversity, using different phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as different types of adversity within a prospective study design. Data were available from an ongoing epidemiological cohort Study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 19 yr, 309 participants (142 males, 167 females) were characterized on measures of depression and anxiety through interview and questionnaire (DSM-IV diagnosis, Beck Depression Inventory, Harm Avoidance). Environmental adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity), and at age 19 yr (stressful life events). Bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA. Results indicated that depression and anxiety in 19-yr-olds were strongly associated with both family adversity and stressful life events. Individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were exposed to high family adversity displayed significantly higher rates of depressive or anxiety disorders and had more depressive symptoms than those without either condition. This G x E replicates recent findings from an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents but is in contrast to many previous reports suggesting an interaction with the S allele. No evidence for G x E was obtained with regard to current stressful life events and trait anxiety. One possible source for the conflicting findings might be attributed to heterogeneity in depression phenotypes and environmental adversity. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_PNP U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145708009875 SN - 1461-1457 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Treutlein, Jens A1 - Schmid, Brigitte A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism N2 - Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063223 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010 SN - 0006-3223 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Lange, Elke B. T1 - Activation and binding in verbal working memory : a dual-process model for the recognition of nonwords N2 - The article presents a mathematical model of short-term recognition based on dual-process models and the three- component theory of working memory [Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 411-421]. Familiarity arises from activated representations in long-term memory, ignoring their relations; recollection retrieves bindings in the capacity- limited component of working memory. In three experiments participants encoded two short lists of nonwords for immediate recognition, one of which was then cued as irrelevant. Probes from the irrelevant list were rejected more slowly than new probes; this was also found with probes recombining letters of irrelevant nonwords, suggesting that familiarity arises from individual letters independent of their relations. When asked to accept probes whose letters were all in the relevant list, regardless of their conjunction, participants accepted probes preserving the original conjunctions faster than recombinations, showing that recollection accessed feature bindings automatically. The model fit the data best when familiarity depended only on matching letters, whereas recollection used binding information. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00100285 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.05.003 SN - 0010-0285 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Meyer, Nadine T1 - The contributions of encoding, retention, and recall to the Hebb effect N2 - The article reports an experiment testing whether the Hebb repetition effectthe gradual improvement of immediate serial recall when the same list is repeated several timesdepends on overt recall of the repeated lists. Previous reports which suggest that recall is critical confound the recall manipulation with retention interval. The present experiment orthogonally varies retention interval (0 or 9 s) and whether the list is to be recalled after the retention interval. Hebb repetition learning is assessed in a final test phase. A repetition effect was obtained in all four experimental conditions; it was larger for recalled than non-recalled lists, whereas retention interval had no effect. The results show that encoding is sufficient to generate cumulative long-term learning, which is strengthened by recall. Rehearsal, if it takes place in the retention interval at all, does not have the same effect on long-term learning as overt recall. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683358~db=all U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210903107861 SN - 0965-8211 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oberauer, Klaus A1 - Vockenberg, Kerstin T1 - Updating of working memory : lingering bindings N2 - Three experiments investigated proactive interference and proactive facilitation in a memory-updating paradigm. Participants remembered several letters or spatial patterns, distinguished by their spatial positions, and updated them by new stimuli up to 20 times per trial. Self-paced updating times were shorter when an item previously remembered and then replaced reappeared in the same location than when it reappeared in a different location. This effect demonstrates residual memory for no-longer-relevant bindings of items to locations. The effect increased with the number of items to be remembered. With one exception, updating times did not increase, and recall of final values did not decrease, over successive updating steps, thus providing little evidence for proactive interference building up cumulatively. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1747-0218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210802372912 SN - 1747-0218 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Beratungspsychologie Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-540-79060-0 PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Heidelberg ER -