TY - JOUR A1 - Merfort, Leon A1 - Bauer, Nico A1 - Humpenöder, Florian A1 - Klein, David A1 - Strefler, Jessica A1 - Popp, Alexander A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Kriegler, Elmar T1 - Bioenergy-induced land-use-change emissions with sectorally fragmented policies JF - Nature climate change N2 - Controlling bioenergy-induced land-use-change emissions is key to exploiting bioenergy for climate change mitigation. However, the effect of different land-use and energy sector policies on specific bioenergy emissions has not been studied so far. Using the global integrated assessment model REMIND-MAgPIE, we derive a biofuel emission factor (EF) for different policy frameworks. We find that a uniform price on emissions from both sectors keeps biofuel emissions at 12 kg CO2 GJ−1. However, without land-use regulation, the EF increases substantially (64 kg CO2 GJ−1 over 80 years, 92 kg CO2 GJ−1 over 30 years). We also find that comprehensive coverage (>90%) of carbon-rich land areas worldwide is key to containing land-use emissions. Pricing emissions indirectly on the level of bioenergy consumption reduces total emissions by cutting bioenergy demand but fails to reduce the average EF. In the absence of comprehensive and timely land-use regulation, bioenergy thus may contribute less to climate change mitigation than assumed previously. KW - agriculture KW - climate-change mitigation KW - energy policy KW - energy supply and demand KW - environmental economics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01697-2 SN - 1758-678X SN - 1758-6798 VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - 685 EP - 692 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merfort, Leon A1 - Bauer, Nico A1 - Humpenöder, Florian A1 - Klein, David A1 - Strefler, Jessica A1 - Popp, Alexander A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Kriegler, Elmar T1 - State of global land regulation inadequate to control biofuel land-use-change emissions JF - Nature climate change N2 - Under current land-use regulation, carbon dioxide emissions from biofuel production exceed those from fossil diesel combustion. Therefore, international agreements need to ensure the effective and globally comprehensive protection of natural land before modern bioenergy can effectively contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. KW - agriculture KW - climate-change mitigation KW - energy policy KW - energy supply and demand KW - environmental economics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01711-7 SN - 1758-678X SN - 1758-6798 VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - 610 EP - 612 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rojahn, Marcel A1 - Gronau, Norbert T1 - Digital platform concepts for manufacturing companies BT - a review T2 - 10th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) N2 - Digital Platforms (DPs) has established themself in recent years as a central concept of the Information Technology Science. Due to the great diversity of digital platform concepts, clear definitions are still required. Furthermore, DPs are subject to dynamic changes from internal and external factors, which pose challenges for digital platform operators, developers and customers. Which current digital platform research directions should be taken to address these challenges remains open so far. The following paper aims to contribute to this by outlining a systematic literature review (SLR) on digital platform concepts in the context of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for manufacturing companies and provides a basis for (1) a selection of definitions of current digital platform and ecosystem concepts and (2) a selection of current digital platform research directions. These directions are diverted into (a) occurrence of digital platforms, (b) emergence of digital platforms, (c) evaluation of digital platforms, (d) development of digital platforms, and (e) selection of digital platforms. Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-1635-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/FiCloud58648.2023.00030 SP - 149 EP - 158 PB - IEEE CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaufhold, Marc-André A1 - Bayer, Markus A1 - Bäumler, Julian A1 - Reuter, Christian A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Basyurt, Ali Sercan A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Fuchss, Christoph A1 - Eyilmez, Kaan T1 - CYLENCE: strategies and tools for cross-media reporting, detection, and treatment of cyberbullying and hatespeech in law enforcement agencies JF - Mensch und Computer 2023: Workshopband MuC 2023 N2 - Despite the merits of public and social media in private and professional spaces, citizens and professionals are increasingly exposed to cyberabuse, such as cyberbullying and hate speech. Thus, Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) are deployed in many countries and organisations to enhance the preventive and reactive capabilities against cyberabuse. However, their tasks are getting more complex by the increasing amount and varying quality of information disseminated into public channels. Adopting the perspectives of Crisis Informatics and safety-critical Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and based on both a narrative literature review and group discussions, this paper first outlines the research agenda of the CYLENCE project, which seeks to design strategies and tools for cross-media reporting, detection, and treatment of cyberbullying and hatespeech in investigative and law enforcement agencies. Second, it identifies and elaborates seven research challenges with regard to the monitoring, analysis and communication of cyberabuse in LEAs, which serve as a starting point for in-depth research within the project. KW - cyberbullying KW - hate speech KW - law enforcement agencies KW - situational awareness KW - human-computer interaction Y1 - 2023 UR - https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/42064 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/MUC2023-MCI-WS01-211 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Brünker, Felix A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad T1 - Home (office) is where your heart is BT - exploring the identity of the ‘corporate nomad’ knowledge worker archetype JF - Business & information systems engineering N2 - Working conditions of knowledge workers have been subject to rapid change recently. Digital nomadism is no longer a phenomenon that relates only to entrepreneurs, freelancers, and gig workers. Corporate employees, too, have begun to uncouple their work from stationary (home) offices and 9-to-5 schedules. However, pursuing a permanent job in a corporate environment is still subject to fundamentally different values than postulated by the original notion of digital nomadism. Therefore, this paper explores the work identity of what is referred to as ‘corporate nomads’. By drawing on identity theory and the results of semi-structured interviews, the paper proposes a conceptualization of the corporate nomad archetype and presents nine salient identity issues of corporate nomads (e.g., holding multiple contradictory identities, the flexibility paradox, or collaboration constraints). By introducing the ‘corporate nomad’ archetype to the Information Systems literature, this article helps to rethink established conceptions of “home office” and socio-spatial configurations of knowledge work. KW - corporate nomadism KW - identity theory KW - home office KW - knowledge work KW - digital nomadism Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00807-w SN - 2363-7005 SN - 1867-0202 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 293 EP - 308 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofeditz, Lennart A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Ortmann, Mara T1 - Ethical challenges for human–agent interaction in virtual collaboration at work JF - International journal of human computer interaction N2 - In virtual collaboration at the workplace, a growing number of teams apply supportive conversational agents (CAs). They take on different work-related tasks for teams and single users such as scheduling meetings or stimulating creativity. Previous research merely focused on these positive aspects of introducing CAs at the workplace, omitting ethical challenges faced by teams using these often artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies. Thus, on the one hand, CAs can present themselves as benevolent teammates, but on the other hand, they can collect user data, reduce worker autonomy, or foster social isolation by their service. In this work, we conducted 15 expert interviews with senior researchers from the fields of ethics, collaboration, and computer science in order to derive ethical guidelines for introducing CAs in virtual team collaboration. We derived 14 guidelines and seven research questions to pave the way for future research on the dark sides of human–agent interaction in organizations. KW - conversational agents KW - human–computer interaction KW - virtual collaboration KW - ethics KW - virtual teams KW - trust Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2279400 SN - 1044-7318 SN - 1532-7590 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brünker, Felix A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan T1 - Proactive digital workplace transformation BT - unpacking identity change mechanisms in remote-first organisations JF - Journal of information technology N2 - Digital transformation fundamentally changes the way individuals conduct work in organisations. In accordance with this statement, prevalent literature understands digital workplace transformation as a second-order effect of implementing new information technology to increase organisational effectiveness or reach other strategic goals. This paper, in contrast, provides empirical evidence from two remote-first organisations that undergo a proactive rather than reactive digital workplace transformation. The analysis of these cases suggests that new ways of working can be the consequence of an identity change that is a precondition for introducing new information technology rather than its outcome. The resulting process model contributes a competing argument to the existing debate in digital transformation literature. Instead of issuing digital workplace transformation as a deliverable of technological progress and strategic goals, this paper supports a notion of digital workplace transformation that serves a desired identity based on work preferences. KW - digital transformation KW - digital workplace transformation KW - remote-first KW - identity theory Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/02683962231219516 SN - 0268-3962 SN - 1466-4437 PB - Sage Publishing CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - Self-knowledge and knowledge of nature T2 - Reading Rödl : On Self-Consciousness and Objectivity N2 - In this chapter, I consider the unity of self-consciousness and objectivity. Starting from the notion that the objective character and the self-conscious character of thought seem in tension, I discuss Sebastian Rödl’s Self-Consciousness and Objectivity and his thesis that this tension is merely apparent. This resolution suggests an immediate route to absolute idealism. I recall two Hegelian objections against such an immediate route. Against this background, it transpires that the dissolution of the apparent opposition of objectivity and self-consciousness can only be a preliminary step, opening our eyes to an actual opposition animating the pursuit of knowledge: the opposition of knowledge of nature and self-knowledge. This actual opposition cannot be removed as merely apparent and instead has to be sublated through articulation of its speculative unity. I consider two paradigms for the exposition of such a speculative unity: Kant’s account of judgments of beauty, and Hegel’s account of the speculative unity of life and self-consciousness. I close by contrasting these two approaches with Rödl’s characterization, which strikes me as one-sided. Absolute idealism, properly understood, requires us to develop the speculative unity of knowledge of nature and self-knowledge from both sides, showing us that knowledge of nature is self-knowledge, but equally: that self-knowledge requires knowledge of ourselves as nature. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-03-234951-0 SN - 978-1-00-095669-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003324638 SP - 195 EP - 223 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Milton ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - True right against formal right: The body of right and the limits of property T2 - Hegel's philosophy of right: critical perspectives on freedom and history N2 - The conception of property at the basis of Hegel’s conception of abstract right seems committed to a problematic form of “possessive individualism.” It seems to conceive of right as the expression of human mastery over nature and as based upon an irreducible opposition of person and nature, rightful will, and rightless thing. However, this chapter argues that Hegel starts with a form of possessive individualism only to show that it undermines itself. This is evident in the way Hegel unfolds the nature of property as it applies to external things as well as in the way he explains our self-ownership of our own bodies and lives. Hegel develops the idea of property to a point where it reaches a critical limit and encounters the “true right” that life possesses against the “formal” and “abstract right” of property. Ultimately, Hegel’s account suggests that nature should precisely not be treated as a rightless object at our arbitrary disposal but acknowledged as the inorganic body of right. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781003081036 SN - 9780367532321 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081036-10 SP - 147 EP - 168 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khurana, Thomas T1 - The stage of difference: On the second nature of civil society in Kant and Hegel T2 - Naturalism and social philosophy Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5381-7492-0 SN - 978-1-5381-7493-7 SP - 35 EP - 64 PB - Rowman & Littlefield CY - Lanham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petersen, Jens T1 - Information Law and Economic Theory JF - Studien zur juristischen Ideengeschichte Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604330 SN - 978-3-86956-543-9 SP - 195 EP - 202 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cromwell, Johnathan R. A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Vladova, Gergana T1 - The creative thinking profile BT - predicting intrinsic motivation based on preferences for different creative thinking styles JF - Personality and individual differences N2 - Intrinsic motivation is widely considered essential to creativity because it facilitates more divergent thinking during problem solving. However, we argue that intrinsic motivation has been theorized too heavily as a unitary construct, overlooking various internal factors of a task that can shape the baseline level of intrinsic motivation people have for working on the task. Drawing on theories of cognitive styles, we develop a new scale that measures individual preferences for three different creative thinking styles that we call divergent thinking, bricoleurgent thinking, and emergent thinking. Through a multi-study approach consisting of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity, we provide psychometric evidence showing that people can have distinct preferences for each cognitive process when generating ideas. Furthermore, when validating this scale through an experiment, we find that each style becomes more dominant in predicting overall enjoyment, engagement, and creativity based on different underlying structures of a task. Therefore, this paper makes both theoretical and empirical contributions to literature by unpacking intrinsic motivation, showing how the alignment between different creative thinking styles and task can be essential to predicting intrinsic motivation, thus reversing the direction of causality between the motivational and cognitive components of creativity typically assumed in literature. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112205 SN - 0191-8869 SN - 1873-3549 VL - 208 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Amoroso, Sara A1 - Herrmann, Benedikt A1 - Kritikos, Alexander T1 - The Role of Regulation and Regional Government Quality for High Growth Firms BT - The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - High growth firms (HGFs) are important for job creation and considered to be precursors of economic growth. We investigate how formal institutions, like product- and labor-market regulations, as well as the quality of regional governments that implement these regulations, affect HGF development across European regions. Using data from Eurostat, OECD, WEF, and Gothenburg University, we show that both regulatory stringency and the quality of the regional government influence the regional shares of HGFs. More importantly, we find that the effect of labor- and product-market regulations ultimately depends on the quality of regional governments: in regions with high quality of government, the share of HGFs is neither affected by the level of product market regulation, nor by more or less flexibility in hiring and firing practices. Our findings contribute to the debate on the effects of regulations by showing that regulations are not, per se, “good, bad, and ugly”, rather their impact depends on the efficiency of regional governments. Our paper offers important building blocks to develop tailored policy measures that may influence the development of HGFs in a region. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 71 KW - High growth firms KW - Regulation KW - Quality of regional governments KW - Regions Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-612771 SN - 2628-653X IS - 71 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kooten, Willemijn Sarah Maria Theresia van T1 - Structural inheritance of the Salta Rift basin and its control on exhumation patterns of the Eastern Cordillera between 23 and 24°S T1 - Strukturelle Vererbung des Salta Riftbeckens und deren Einfluss auf die Heraushebungsmuster der Östlichen Kordillere zwischen 23 und 24°S N2 - The deformation style of mountain belts is greatly influenced by the upper plate architecture created during preceding deformation phases. The Mesozoic Salta Rift extensional phase has created a dominant structural and lithological framework that controls Cenozoic deformation and exhumation patterns in the Central Andes. Studying the nature of these pre-existing anisotropies is a key to understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of exhumation and its controlling factors. The Eastern Cordillera in particular, has a structural grain that is in part controlled by Salta Rift structures and their orientation relative to Andean shortening. As a result, there are areas in which Andean deformation prevails and areas where the influence of the Salta Rift is the main control on deformation patterns. Between 23 and 24°S, lithological and structural heterogeneities imposed by the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin (Salta Rift basin) affect the development of the Eastern Cordillera fold-and-thrust belt. The inverted northern margin of the sub-basin now forms the southern boundary of the intermontane Cianzo basin. The former western margin of the sub-basin is located at the confluence of the Subandean Zone, the Santa Barbara System and the Eastern Cordillera. Here, the Salta Rift basin architecture is responsible for the distribution of these morphotectonic provinces. In this study we use a multi-method approach consisting of low-temperature (U-Th-Sm)/He and apatite fission track thermochronology, detrital geochronology, structural and sedimentological analyses to investigate the Mesozoic structural inheritance of the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin and Cenozoic exhumation patterns. Characterization of the extension-related Tacurú Group as an intermediate succession between Paleozoic basement and the syn-rift infill of the Lomas de Olmedo sub-basin reveals a Jurassic maximum depositional age. Zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He cooling ages record a pre-Cretaceous onset of exhumation for the rift shoulders in the northern part of the sub-basin, whereas the western shoulder shows a more recent onset (140–115 Ma). Variations in the sedimentary thickness of syn- and post-rift strata document the evolution of accommodation space in the sub-basin. While the thickness of syn-rift strata increases rapidly toward the northern basin margin, the post-rift strata thickness decreases toward the margin and forms a condensed section on the rift shoulder. Inversion of Salta Rift structures commenced between the late Oligocene and Miocene (24–15 Ma) in the ranges surrounding the Cianzo basin. The eastern and western limbs of the Cianzo syncline, located in the hanging wall of the basin-bounding Hornocal fault, show diachronous exhumation. At the same time, western fault blocks of Tilcara Range, south of the Cianzo basin, began exhuming in the late Oligocene to early Miocene (26–16 Ma). Eastward propagation to the frontal thrust and to the Paleozoic strata east of the Tilcara Range occurred in the middle Miocene (22–10 Ma) and the late Miocene–early Pliocene (10–4 Ma), respectively. N2 - Der Deformationsstil von Gebirgsgürteln wird stark von der Architektur der oberen Platte beeinflusst, die während vorheriger Verformungsphasen entstanden ist. Die mesozoische Salta Rift Extensionsphase hat einen strukturellen und lithologischen Rahmen geschaffen, der die känozoischen Heraushebungsmuster in den Zentralanden kontrolliert. Die Charakterisierung dieser Anisotropien ist daher entscheidend, um die räumlich-zeitliche Verteilung der Heraushebung und ihrer kontrollierenden Faktoren zu verstehen. Insbesondere die Östliche Kordillere weist einen strukturellen Rahmen auf, der teilweise von Salta Rift-Strukturen und ihrer Orientierung in Bezug auf die Verkürzung im Zuge der Gebirgsbildung der Anden kontrolliert wird. Dadurch wurden Gebiete geschaffen, in denen die jüngere Anden-Deformation überwiegt, und Gebiete, in denen der Einfluss des Salta Rifts die Deformationsmuster prägt. Zwischen 23 und 24°S beeinflussen lithologische und strukturelle Heterogenitäten des Lomas de Olmedo Beckens (Teil des Salta Rift Beckens) die Entwicklung des Faltengürtels der Östlichen Kordillere. Der invertierte nördliche Rand des Beckens bildet dabei die südliche Grenze des Cianzo Beckens, welches während der andinen Orogenese angelegt wurde. Der ehemalige westliche Rand des Lomas de Olmedo Beckens befindet sich am Übergang der Subandinen Zone, des Santa Barbara Systems und der Östlichen Kordillere. Hier ist die Architektur des Salta Rift-Beckens für die räumliche Verteilung dieser morphotektonischen Provinzen verantwortlich. In dieser Studie verwenden wir einen multi-methodischen Ansatz, bestehend aus Niedertemperatur (U-Th-Sm)/He und Apatit Spaltspur Thermochronologie, detritische Geochronologie sowie strukturelle und sedimentologische Analyse, um das mesozoische strukturelle Erbe des Lomas de Olmedo Beckens und die känozoischen Heraushebungsmuster zu untersuchen. Die mit Extension verbundene Tacurú-Gruppe bildet eine Einheit, die dem paläozoischen Grundgebirge und der syn-rift Auffüllung des Lomas de Olmedo Beckens zwischengeschaltet ist. Sie hat ein Jurassisches maximales Ablagerungsalter. Zirkon (U-Th-Sm)/He Abkühlungsalter zeigen einen präkretazischen Beginn der Heraushebung für die Riftschulter im nördlichen Teil des Beckens, während die westliche Schulter einen jüngeren Beginn aufweist (140–115 Ma). Variationen in der stratigraphischen Mächtigkeit von Syn- und Postrift-Gesteinen dokumentieren die Entwicklung des Akommodationsraums. Während die Mächtigkeit der Synrift-Gesteine zum nördlichen Beckenrand hin zunimmt, schwindet die Mächtigkeit der Postrift-Gesteine in Richtung des Beckenrandes und bildet dort eine kondensierte Abfolge. Die Inversion der Salta Rift Strukturen begann im Cianzo Becken zwischen dem späten Oligozän und Miozän (24–15 Ma) mit einer diachronen Heraushebung des östlichen und westlichen Schenkels der Cianzo Synklinale, welche sich im Hangenden der Hornocal Störung befindet. Gleichzeitig begann im Tilcara Gebirge, südlich des Cianzo Beckens, im späten Oligozän bis frühen Miozän (26–16 Ma) die Heraushebung westlicher Störungsblöcke. Die ostwärtige Ausbreitung zur frontalen Überschiebung erfolgte im mittleren Miozän (22–10 Ma) und zum San Lucas Block im späten Miozän bis frühen Pliozän (10–4 Ma). KW - Argentina KW - Argentinien KW - thermochronology KW - Thermochronologie KW - exhumation KW - structural inheritance KW - thermal modeling KW - Eastern Cordillera KW - östliche Kordillere KW - Modellierung KW - Salta Rift KW - Salta Rift Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-617983 ER - TY - THES A1 - Han, Sungju T1 - Perceptions of nature-based solutions in the context of floods T1 - Wahrnehmung von Naturbasierten Lösungen im Kontext vom Hochwasser BT - understanding the complexity of people and places at risk BT - Erfassung der Komplexität von gefährdeten Menschen und Orten N2 - Traditional ways of reducing flood risk have encountered limitations in a climate-changing and rapidly urbanizing world. For instance, there has been a demanding requirement for massive investment in order to maintain a consistent level of security as well as increased flood exposure of people and property due to a false sense of security arising from the flood protection infrastructure. Against this background, nature-based solutions (NBS) have gained popularity as a sustainable and alternative way of dealing with diverse societal challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. In particular, their ability to reduce flood risks while also offering ecological benefits has recently received global attention. Diverse co-benefits of NBS that favor both humans and nature are viewed as promising a wide endorsement of NBS. However, people’s perceptions of NBS are not always positive. Local resistance to NBS projects as well as decision-makers’ and practitioners’ unwillingness to adopt NBS have been pointed out as a bottleneck to the successful realization and mainstreaming of NBS. In this regard, there has been a growing necessity to investigate people’s perceptions of NBS. Current research has lacked an integrative perspective of both attitudinal and contextual factors that guide perceptions of NBS; it not only lacks empirical evidence, but a few existing ones are rather conflicting without having underlying theories. This has led to the overarching research question of this dissertation, "What shapes people’s perceptions of NBS in the context of flooding?" The dissertation aims to answer the following sub-questions in the three papers that make up this dissertation: 1. What are the topics reflected in the previous literature influencing perceptions of NBS as a means to reduce hydro-meteorological risks? (Paper I) 2. What are the stimulating and hampering attitudinal and contextual factors for mainstreaming NBS for flood risk management? How are NBS conceptualized? (Paper II) 3. How are public attitudes toward the NBS projects shaped? How do risk-and place-related factors shape individual attitudes toward NBS? (Paper III) This dissertation follows an integrative approach of considering “place” and “risk”, as well as the surrounding context, by analyzing attitudinal (i.e., individual) and contextual (i.e., systemic) factors. “Place” is mainly concerned with affective elements (e.g., bond to locality and natural environment) whereas “risk” is related to cognitive elements (e.g., threat appraisal). The surrounding context provides systemic drivers and barriers with the possibility of interfering the influence of place and risk for perceptions of NBS. To empirically address the research questions, the current status of the knowledge about people’s perceptions of NBS for flood risks was investigated by conducting a systematic review (Paper I). Based on these insights, a case study of South Korea was used to demonstrate key contextual and attitudinal factors for mainstreaming NBS through the lens of experts (Paper II). Lastly, by conducting a citizen survey, it investigated the relationship between the previously discussed concepts in Papers I and II using structural equation modeling, focusing on the core concepts, namely risk and place (Paper III). As a result, Paper I identified the key topics relating to people’s perceptions, including the perceived value of co-benefits, perceived effectiveness of risk reduction effectiveness, participation of stakeholders, socio-economic and place-specific conditions, environmental attitude, and uncertainty of NBS. Paper II confirmed Paper I's findings regarding attitudinal factors. In addition, several contextual hampering or stimulating factors were found to be similar to those of any emerging technologies (i.e., path dependence, lack of operational and systemic capacity). Among all, one of the distinctive features in NBS contexts, at least in the South Korean case, is the politicization of NBS, which can lead to polarization of ideas and undermine the decision-making process. Finally, Paper III provides a framework with the core topics (i.e., place and risk) that were considered critical in Paper I and Paper II. This place-based risk appraisal model (PRAM) connects people at risk and places where hazards (i.e., floods) and interventions (i.e., NBS) take place. The empirical analysis shows that, among the place-related variables, nature bonding was a positive predictor of the perceived risk-reduction effectiveness of NBS, and place identity was a negative predictor of supportive attitude. Among the risk-related variables, threat appraisal had a negative effect on perceived risk reduction effectiveness and supportive attitude, while well-communicated information, trust in flood risk management, and perceived co-benefit were positive predictors. This dissertation proves that the place and risk attributes of NBS shape people’s perceptions of NBS. In order to optimize the NBS implementation, it is necessary to consider the meanings and values held in place before project implementation and how these attributes interact with individual and/or community risk profiles and other contextual factors. With the increasing necessity of using NBS to lower flood risks, these results make important suggestions for the future NBS project strategy and NBS governance. N2 - Herkömmliche Methoden zur Verminderung des Hochwasserrisikos stoßen in Zeiten des Klimawandels und der Urbanisierung an ihre Grenzen. So sind beispielsweise massive Investitionen erforderlich, um ein gleichbleibendes Sicherheitsniveau aufrechtzuerhalten, und das Hochwasserrisiko für Menschen und Eigentum steigt, weil die Hochwasserschutzinfrastruktur ein falsches Sicherheitsgefühl vermittelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben naturbasierte Lösungen (engl. Nature-Based Solutions, kurz: NBS) als nachhaltiger und alternativer Weg zur Bewältigung verschiedener gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel und Verlust der biologischen Vielfalt an Popularität gewonnen. Insbesondere ihre Eigenschaft, das Hochwasserrisiko zu verringern und gleichzeitig ökologische Vorteile zu bieten, hat zuletzt weltweit Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Die vielfältigen Vorteile der NBS, die sowohl den Menschen als auch der Natur zugutekommen, sind vielversprechende Gründe für eine breite Befürwortung der NBS. Die Wahrnehmung der NBS durch die Bevölkerung ist jedoch nicht immer positiv. Lokaler Widerstand gegen NBS-Projekte sowie die mangelnde Bereitschaft von Entscheidungsträgern und Praktikern, NBS zu übernehmen, wurden als Hürden für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung und langfristige Etablierung von NBS identifiziert. In diesem Zusammenhang hat sich die Notwendigkeit ergeben, die Wahrnehmung von NBS genauer zu untersuchen. In der aktuellen Forschung fehlt eine integrative Perspektive sowohl auf einstellungs- als auch auf kontextbezogene Faktoren, die die Wahrnehmung von NBS beeinflussen; es mangelt nicht nur an empirischen Belegen, sondern die wenigen vorhandenen Befunde sind eher widersprüchlich, ohne dass zugrunde liegende Theorien vorhanden sind. Daraus ergibt sich die übergeordnete Forschungsfrage dieser Dissertation: "Was beeinflusst die Wahrnehmung der Menschen von NBS im Kontext von Hochwasser?" Die Dissertation intendiert, die folgenden Unterfragen in den drei Publikationen zu beantworten, die diese Dissertation bilden: 1. Welche Themen spiegeln sich in der bisherigen Literatur wider und beeinflussen die Wahrnehmung von NBS als Mittel zur Verringerung hydrometeorologischer Risiken? (Publikation I) 2. Was sind die fördernden und hemmenden Einstellungs- und Kontextfaktoren für das Mainstreaming von NBS für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement? Wie werden NBS von Experten konzeptualisiert? (Publikation II) 3. Wie wird die Einstellung der Öffentlichkeit zu NBS-Projekten geprägt? Wie beeinflussen risiko- und ortsbezogene Faktoren die individuelle Einstellung zu NBS? (Publikation III) In dieser Dissertation wird ein integrativer Ansatz verfolgt, der Ort (Place) und Risiko (Risk) sowie den umgebenden Kontext berücksichtigt, indem einstellungsbezogene (d. h. individuelle) und kontextbezogene (d. h. systemische) Faktoren analysiert werden. "Ort" affektive Elemente betrifft (z. B. die Bindung an den Ort und die natürliche Umgebung), während "Risiko" bezieht sich auf kognitive Elemente (z. B. die Einschätzung der Bedrohung). Der umgebende Kontext bietet systemische Triebkräfte und Hindernisse, die den Einfluss von Ort und Risiko auf die Wahrnehmung der NBS beeinflussen können. Zur empirischen Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde der aktuelle Stand der Forschung über die Wahrnehmung der NBS für Hochwasserrisiken durch eine systematische Literaturanalyse untersucht (Publikation I). Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse wird eine Fallstudie aus Südkorea herangezogen, um die wichtigsten Kontext- und Einstellungsfaktoren für das Mainstreaming von NBS aus der Sicht von Experten aufzuzeigen (Publikation II). Schließlich wurde anhand einer Bürgerbefragung die Beziehung zwischen den zuvor in den Publikationen I und II erörterten Konzepten untersucht, mit Schwerpunkt auf den Kernkonzepten, nämlich Risiko und Ort. Die Analzse basiert auf einem Strukturgleichungsmodell (Publikation III). In Publikation I wurden die wichtigsten Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Wahrnehmung der Menschen identifiziert, darunter der wahrgenommene Wert von Zusatznutzen, die wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Risikominderung, die Beteiligung von Interessengruppen, sozioökonomische und ortsspezifische Bedingungen, die Einstellung zur Umwelt und die Unsicherheit der NBS. Publikation II bestätigte die Ergebnisse von Publikation I hinsichtlich der Einstellungsfaktoren (d.h. die Bereiche Ort und Risiko). Zusätzlich wurde festgestellt, dass mehrere hemmende und fördernde Kontextfaktoren denen aller neuen Technologien ähneln (d. h. Pfadabhängigkeit, fehlende operative und systemische Kapazitäten). Eines der besonderen Merkmale im Kontext der NBS, zumindest im Fall Südkoreas, ist die Politisierung der NBS, die möglicherweise zu einer Polarisierung der Ideen an sich führen und damit den Entscheidungsprozess untergraben kann. Schließlich bietet Publikation III einen Rahmen mit dem Fokus auf die Faktoren (d. h. Ort und Risiko), die in Papier I und Papier II als entscheidend angesehen wurden. Dieses ortsbezogene Risikobewertungsmodell (place-based risk appraisal model, PRAM) stellt eine Verbindung zwischen den gefährdeten Menschen und den Orten her, an denen Gefahren (z. B. Hochwasser) und Interventionen (z. B. NBS) stattfinden. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass bei den ortsbezogenen Konstrukten die Naturverbundenheit ein positiver Prädiktor für die wahrgenommene risikomindernde Wirksamkeit der NBS war und die Ortsidentität ein negativer Prädiktor für die unterstützende Einstellung. Bei den risikobezogenen Konstrukten wirkte sich die Einschätzung der Bedrohung negativ auf die wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Risikominderung und die unterstützende Einstellung aus, während gut kommunizierte Informationen, Vertrauen in das Hochwasserrisikomanagement und wahrgenommener Zusatznutzen positive Prädiktoren waren. Diese Dissertation zeigt, dass die verschiedenen Ebenen der Orts-, Risiko- und Landschaftsattribute der NBS die Wahrnehmung der NBS durch die Menschen beeinflussen. Um die Umsetzung der NBS zu optimieren, müssen die vor der Projektumsetzung bestehenden Vorstellungen und Werte der dort lebenden Menschen berücksichtigt und analysiert werden, wie diese Attribute mit dem Risikokontext und anderen systemischen und kontextuellen Faktoren interagieren. Angesichts der zunehmenden Notwendigkeit, naturbasierte Methoden zur Verringerung von Hochwasserrisiken einzusetzen, liefern diese Ergebnisse wichtige Anregungen für die künftige NBS-Projektstrategie und NBS-Governance. KW - nature-based solutions KW - flood risk management KW - dike relocation KW - risk perception KW - place attachment KW - acceptance KW - attitude KW - systematic review KW - semi-structured interview KW - structural equation modeling KW - Akzeptanz KW - Einstellung KW - Deichrückverlegung KW - Hochwasserrisikomanagement KW - naturbasierte Lösungen KW - Ortsbindung KW - Risikowahrnehmung KW - halbstrukturiertes Interview KW - Strukturgleichungsmodell KW - systematische Übersicht Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-579524 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lauer-Dünkelberg, Gregor T1 - Extensional deformation and landscape evolution of the Central Andean Plateau T1 - Dehnungsdeformation und Landschaftsentwicklung des zentralen Andenplateaus N2 - Mountain ranges can fundamentally influence the physical and and chemical processes that shape Earths’ surface. With elevations of up to several kilometers they create climatic enclaves by interacting with atmospheric circulation and hydrologic systems, thus leading to a specific distribution of flora and fauna. As a result, the interiors of many Cenozoic mountain ranges are characterized by an arid climate, internally drained and sediment-filled basins, as well as unique ecosystems that are isolated from the adjacent humid, low-elevation regions along their flanks and forelands. These high-altitude interiors of orogens are often characterized by low relief and coalesced sedimentary basins, commonly referred to as plateaus, tectono-geomorphic entities that result from the complex interactions between mantle-driven geological and tectonic conditions and superposed atmospheric and hydrological processes. The efficiency of these processes and the fate of orogenic plateaus is therefore closely tied to the balance of constructive and destructive processes – tectonic uplift and erosion, respectively. In numerous geological studies it has been shown that mountain ranges are delicate systems that can be obliterated by an imbalance of these underlying forces. As such, Cenozoic mountain ranges might not persist on long geological timescales and will be destroyed by erosion or tectonic collapse. Advancing headward erosion of river systems that drain the flanks of the orogen may ultimately sever the internal drainage conditions and the maintenance of storage of sediments within the plateau, leading to destruction of plateau morphology and connectivity with the foreland. Orogenic collapse may be associated with the changeover from a compressional stress field with regional shortening and topographic growth, to a tensional stress field with regional extensional deformation and ensuing incision of the plateau. While the latter case is well-expressed by active extensional faults in the interior parts of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya, for example, the former has been attributed to have breached the internally drained areas of the high-elevation sectors of the Iranian Plateau. In the case of the Andes of South America and their internally drained Altiplano-Puna Plateau, signs of both processes have been previously described. However, in the orogenic collapse scenario the nature of the extensional structures had been primarily investigated in the northern and southern terminations of the plateau; in some cases, the extensional faults were even regarded to be inactive. After a shallow earthquake in 2020 within the Eastern Cordillera of Argentina that was associated with extensional deformation, the state of active deformation and the character of the stress field in the central parts of the plateau received renewed interest to explain a series of extensional structures in the northernmost sectors of the plateau in north-western Argentina. This study addresses (1) the issue of tectonic orogenic collapse of the Andes and the destruction of plateau morphology by studying the fill and erosion history of the central eastern Andean Plateau using sedimentological and geochronological data and (2) the kinematics, timing and magnitude of extensional structures that form well-expressed fault scarps in sediments of the regional San Juan del Oro surface, which is an integral part of the Andean Plateau and adjacent morphotectonic provinces to the east. Importantly, sediment properties and depositional ages document that the San Juan del Oro Surface was not part of the internally-drained Andean Plateau, but rather associated with a foreland-directed drainage system, which was modified by the Andean orogeny and that became successively incorporated into the orogen by the eastward-migration of the Andean deformation front during late Miocene – Pliocene time. Structural and geomorphic observations within the plateau indicate that extensional processes must have been repeatedly active between the late Miocene and Holocene supporting the notion of plateau-wide extensional processes, potentially associated with Mw ~ 7 earthquakes. The close relationship between extensional joints and fault orientations underscores that 3 was oriented horizontally in NW-SE direction and 1 was vertical. This unambiguously documents that the observed deformation is related to gravitational forces that drive the orogenic collapse of the plateau. Applied geochronological analyses suggest that normal faulting in the northern Puna was active at about 3 Ma, based on paired cosmogenic nuclide dating of sediment fill units. Possibly due to regional normal faulting the drainage system within the plateau was modified, promoting fluvial incision. N2 - Gebirge beeinflussen grundlegend die physikalischen und chemischen Prozesse, die die Oberfläche der Erde formen. Mit Höhen von bis zu mehreren Tausend Metern können sie als topografische Barrieren fungieren, die mit atmosphärischen Zirkulationen und hydrologischen Systemen wechselwirken, klimatische Enklaven schaffen und dadurch die Verbreitung von Flora und Fauna einschränken. Infolgedessen sind die inneren Teile vieler känozoischer Gebirge durch geschlossene Beckenstrukturen gekennzeichnet, die einzigartige, von den niedriger gelegenen Bereichen des Vorlands isolierte Ökosysteme beherbergen. Diese durch niedriges Relief geprägte orographische Sektoren werden als Plateaus bezeichnet - das Ergebnis komplexer Wechselwirkungen geologischer, hydrologischer und atmosphärischer Prozesse. Das Fortbestehen solcher orogenen Plateaus ist daher an das Gleichgewicht zwischen den konstruktiven und destruktiven Prozessen, tektonischer Hebung und Erosion gebunden. Aus geologischen Studien geht hervor, dass Gebirgszüge fragile Systeme sind, die durch ein Ungleichgewicht dieser zugrunde liegenden Kräfte kollabieren können. Daher erscheint es unumgänglich, dass moderne Gebirge auf geologischen Zeitskalen nicht überdauern werden und voraussichtlich dem Zahn der Zeit zum Opfer fallen. Viele Studien haben sich bereits mit der Aufgabe befasst, den momentanen Zustand känozoischer Gebirge zu erforschen, um zu entschlüsseln, ob sie bereits in eine Einebnungsphase übergegangen sind. Eine solche Einebnung kann auf zwei oberflächliche Anzeichen zurückgeführt werden: i) die fortschreitende Erosion durch Flusssysteme und ii) das Vorhandensein von Extensionsstrukturen, die sich entgegen des kompressiven Spannungsfelds durch Gravitationskräfte formen. Solche Strukturen wurden bereits im Inneren des tibetischen Plateaus des zentralasiatischen Himalaya beschrieben, während eine plateauweite Einschneidung durch Flusssysteme die intern entwässerten Gebiete der hoch gelegenen Sektoren des iranischen Plateaus beobachtet wurde. Im Falle der südamerikanischen Anden und ihres intern entwässerten Altiplano-Puna-Plateaus wurden bereits Anzeichen beider Prozesse beschrieben. Im Szenario des orogenen Kollapses wurden Dehnungsstrukturen jedoch hauptsächlich an den nördlichen und südlichen Grenzen des Plateaus untersucht; in einigen Fällen wurden diese tektonischen Verwerfungen als inaktiv kategorisiert. Nach einem flachen Erdbeben im Jahr 2020 in der Ostkordillere Argentiniens, das mit solch einer Dehnungsstruktur in Verbindung gebracht wurde, weckte die Frage nach dem Zustand des aktiven Spannungsfeldes und der damit einhergehenden Deformation in den zentralen Teilen der Anden wieder neues Interesse. Die Analyse solcher Strukturen und die daraus resultierenden Erkenntnisse, würden helfen die quartäre Deformation in den hoch gelegenen Gebieten der Anden zu erklären. Diese Dissertation befasst sich daher mit (1) der Frage des tektonisch-orogenen Zusammenbruchs der Anden und der Einschneidung in die Plateaumorphologie, indem die Auffüllungs- und Erosionsgeschichte des zentralen östlichen Andenplateaus anhand von sedimentologischen und geochronologischen Daten untersucht wird, und (2) mit der Kinematik, dem zeitlichen Ablauf und dem Ausmaß von Dehnungsdeformation, die ausgeprägte Geländestufen in den sölig gelagerten Sedimenten der regionalen San Juan del Oro-Oberfläche formte, die wiederum ein integraler Bestandteil des Andenplateaus und der angrenzenden morphotektonischen Provinzen im Osten ist. Die Eigenschaften der beschriebenen Sedimente sowie deren Ablagerungsalter belegen, dass die San Juan del Oro-Oberfläche nicht Teil des intern entwässerten Andenplateaus ist, sondern vielmehr mit einem vorgelagerten Entwässerungssystem verbunden ist, das durch die Anden-Orogenese und die Ostwärtsbewegung der Deformationsfront im späten Miozän bis Pliozän sukzessive in das Orogen integriert wurde. Strukturelle und geomorphologische Beobachtungen innerhalb des Plateaus deuten darauf hin, dass eine tektonische Abschiebungen zwischen dem späten Miozän und dem Holozän wiederholt aktiv gewesen sein müssen, und möglicherweise mit Erdbeben der Stärke Mw ~ 7 in Verbindung standen. Die geometrische Beziehung zwischen Dehnungsklüften und dem Streichen der beobachteten Verwerfungen deutet darauf hin, dass die geringste Normalspannung (σ3) horizontal in NW-SE-Richtung und die maximale Normalspannung (σ1) vertikal orientiert war. Dies ist ein eindeutiger Beleg dafür, dass die beobachtete Deformation mit Gravitationskräften zusammenhängt, die den orogenen Kollaps des Plateaus vorantreiben. Geochronologische Daten deuten darauf hin, dass die Abschiebungen in der nördlichen Puna vor ca. 3 Ma aktiv waren. Möglicherweise wurde dadurch auch das Entwässerungssystem innerhalb des Plateaus beeinflusst, was eine fluviale Einschneidung begünstigte und den Zerfall des Plateaus vorantreibt. KW - Andes KW - plateau KW - extension KW - tectonics KW - normal faulting KW - geodynamics KW - geology KW - Anden KW - Dehnungsdeformation KW - Geodynamik KW - Geologie KW - Verwerfungen KW - Hochplateau KW - Tektonik KW - surface exposure dating KW - uranium-lead-dating KW - Remote sensing KW - paleoseismology KW - Oberflächenexpositionsdatierung KW - Uran-Blei-Datierung KW - Fernerkundung KW - Paleoseismologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-617593 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine ED - Goldfinch, Shaun F. T1 - From Weberian bureaucracy to digital government? BT - trajectories of administrative reform in Germany T2 - Handbook of public administration reform N2 - Over the past decades, the traditional profile of the German administrative system has significantly been reshaped and remoulded through reforms and transformations. Manifold modernization efforts have been undertaken to adjust administrative structures and procedures to increasing challenges and pressures. In this chapter, the attempt is made to outline major institutional reform paths in Germany from Weberian bureaucracy to most recent reforms towards a digital transformation of public administration. We will show to what extent the German administrative system has moved away from the classical Weberian bureaucracy to a hybrid system where elements of the ‘old’ model and new reform paradigms such as the NPM and digital government are hybridized, labelled the Neo Weberian State. The question will be addressed as to what extent this shift has taken shape and which hurdles and path-dependencies can be identified to explain partial persistence and continuity over time. KW - neo weberian state KW - digitalization KW - new public management KW - territorial reforms KW - intergovernmental reforms KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-80037-674-8 SN - 978-1-80037-673-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376748.00016 SP - 207 EP - 226 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - THES A1 - Baryzewska, Agata W. T1 - Reconfigurable Janus emulsions as signal transducers for biosensing applications Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bersalli, Germán A1 - Tröndle, Tim A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Most industrialised countries have peaked carbon dioxide emissions during economic crises through strengthened structural change JF - Communications earth & environment N2 - As the climate targets tighten and countries are impacted by several crises, understanding how and under which conditions carbon dioxide emissions peak and start declining is gaining importance. We assess the timing of emissions peaks in all major emitters (1965–2019) and the extent to which past economic crises have impacted structural drivers of emissions contributing to emission peaks. We show that in 26 of 28 countries that have peaked emissions, the peak occurred just before or during a recession through the combined effect of lower economic growth (1.5 median percentage points per year) and decreasing energy and/or carbon intensity (0.7) during and after the crisis. In peak-and-decline countries, crises have typically magnified pre-existing improvements in structural change. In non-peaking countries, economic growth was less affected, and structural change effects were weaker or increased emissions. Crises do not automatically trigger peaks but may strengthen ongoing decarbonisation trends through several mechanisms. KW - climate-change mitigation KW - economics KW - environmental economics KW - environmental studies Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00687-8 SN - 2662-4435 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 44 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Concentrating solar technology policy should encourage high temperatures and modularity to enable spillovers JF - AIP conference proceedings N2 - Thermal energy from concentrating solar thermal technologies (CST) may contribute to decarbonizing applications from heating and cooling, desalination, and power generation to commodities such as aluminium, hydrogen, ammonia or sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). So far, successful commercial-scale CST projects are restricted to solar industrial process heat (SIPH) and concentrating solar power (CSP) generation and, at least for the latter, depend on support from public policies that have been stagnating for years. As they are technologically similar, spillovers between SIPH or CSP and other emerging CST could accelerate commercialization across use cases while maximizing the impact of scarce support. Here, we review the technical potential for cross-fertilization between different CST applications and the ability of the current policy regime to enable this potential. Using working temperature as the key variable, we identify different clusters of current and emerging CST technologies. Low-temperature CST (<400℃) applications for heating, cooling and desalination already profit from the significant progress made in line-focussing CSP over the last 15 years. A newly emerging cluster of high temperature CST (>600℃) for solar chemistry and high-grade process heat has significant leverage for spillovers with point-focussing solar tower third-generation CSP currently under development. For these spillovers to happen, however, CSP policy designs would need to prioritize innovation for high working temperature and encourage modular plant design, by adequately remunerating hybridized plants with heat and power in and outputs that include energy sources beyond CST solar fields. This would enable synergies across applications and scales by incentivizing compatibility of modular CST components in multiple sectors and use cases. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0149423 SN - 1551-7616 SN - 0094-243X IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER -