TY - THES A1 - Behrens, Verena T1 - Die Rolle des Glucosetransporters 8 (Slc2a8) in der Regulation der Glucosehomöostase, der Spermienmotilität sowie des Verhaltens T1 - The physiological role of glucose transporter 8 (Slc2a8) in regulation of glucose homeostasis, sperm motility and behavior N2 - Der ubiquitär exprimierte, multifunktionale Glucosetransporter GLUT8 gehört zur Klasse III der Familie der passiven Glucosetransporter, die aus insgesamt 14 Proteinen besteht. Die fünf Mitglieder der Klasse IIII unterscheiden sich strukturell leicht von den Mitgliedern der Klasse I und II (Joost und Thorens, 2001). GLUT8 besitzt ein N-terminales Dileucin-Motiv, das Teil eines [DE]XXXL[LI] Motivs ist, welches für die Sortierung des Transporters in späte Endosomen und Lysosomen verantwortlich ist (Augustin et al., 2005). Da bis heute kein Signal identifiziert wurde, das eine Translokation des Transporters zur Plasmamembran auslöst, wird eine intrazelluläre Funktion von GLUT8 vermutet (Widmer et al., 2005). Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die intrazelluläre Funktion des Transporters in der Regulation der Glucosehomöostase des Körpers durch Analyse einer Slc2a8-knockout-Maus untersucht. Die homozygote Deletion des Transporters erbrachte lebensfähige Nachkommen, die sich augenscheinlich nicht von ihren Wildtyp-Geschwistern unterschieden. Allerdings wurde bei Verpaarungen heterozygoter Mäuse eine verminderte Anzahl an Slc2a8-/--Nachkommen beobachtet, die signifikant von der erwarteten Mendel’schen Verteilung abwich. Da Slc2a8 die höchste mRNA-Expression in den Testes aufwies und die Überprüfung der Fertilität mittels verschiedener homozygoter Verpaarungen eine Störung der weiblichen Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit ausschloss, wurden die Spermatozoen der Slc2a8-/--Mäuse eingehender untersucht. Als Ursache für die verringerte Anzahl von Slc2a8-/--Geburten wurde eine verminderte Prozentzahl motiler Slc2a8-/--Spermien ermittelt, die durch eine unzureichende mitochondriale Kondensation in den Spermien bedingt war. Diese Veränderung war mit einem reduzierten mitochondrialen Membranpotential assoziiert, was eine verminderte ATP-Produktion nach sich zog. Somit scheint GLUT8 in den Spermien an einem intrazellulären Transportprozess beteiligt zu sein, der einen Einfluss auf die oxidative Phosphorylierung der Mitochondrien ausübt. Im Gehirn wurde Slc2a8 besonders stark im Hippocampus exprimiert, der in der Regulation von körperlicher Aktivität, Explorationsverhalten, Erinnerungs- und Lernprozessen sowie Angst- und Stressreaktionen eine Rolle spielt. Außerdem wurde GLUT8 im Hypothalamus nachgewiesen, der unter anderem an der Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme beteiligt ist. Die Slc2a8-/--Mäuse zeigten im Vergleich zu ihren Slc2a8+/+-Geschwistern eine signifikant gesteigerte körperliche Aktivität, die zusammen mit der von Membrez et al. (2006) publizierten erhöhten Zellproliferation im Hippocampus auf eine Nährstoffunterversorgung dieses Areals hindeutet. Die Nahrungsaufnahme war in Abwesenheit von GLUT8 nicht verändert, was zusammen mit dem nur geringfügig niedrigeren Körpergewicht der Slc2a8-/--Mäuse eine Funktion von GLUT8 im Glucose-sensing der Glucose-sensitiven Neurone des Gehirns ausschließt. Das leicht reduzierte Körpergewicht der Slc2a8-/--Mäuse ließ sich keinem bestimmten Organ- oder Gewebetyp zuordnen, sondern schien durch eine marginale Gewichtsreduktion aller untersuchten Gewebe bedingt zu sein. Zusammen mit den erniedrigten Blutglucosespiegeln und der anscheinend gesteigerten Lebenserwartung zeigten die Slc2a8-/--Mäuse Symptome einer leichten Nährstoffunterversorgung. GLUT8 scheint daher am Transport von Zuckerderivaten, die während des lysosomalen/endosomalen Abbaus von Glykoproteinen anfallen, beteiligt zu sein. Die so wiederaufbereiteten Zucker dienen dem Körper offenbar als zusätzliche Energiequelle. N2 - The family of facilitative glucose transporters consists of 14 different members in human, which are divided into three classes (Joost and Thorens, 2001). The class III family member GLUT8 contains an amino-terminal dileucine sorting signal, which is part of the highly conserved [DE]XXXL[LI] motif responsible for the localization of GLUT8 in lysosomes and late endosomes (Augustin et al., 2005). To date there is no stimulus known, which translocates the transporter to the plasma membrane, therefore an intracellular function rather than at the cell surface is considered (Widmer et al., 2005). The aim of the present dissertation was to analyze the intracellular role of GLUT8 in the regulation of whole body glucose homeostasis, by the characterization of the corresponding knockout mice (Slc2a8-/-). Slc2a8-/- mice were viable and showed no obvious disparity to their wild-type littermates. However, analysis of the offspring distribution of heterozygous mating provided a reduced number of born Slc2a8-/- offspring which differed significantly from the expected Mendelian distribution. Because Slc2a8 mRNA is expressed at highest levels in the testis and the female Slc2a8-/- mice showed no alterations in fertility, we further investigated the function of Slc2a8-/- spermatozoa. An impaired mitochondrial condensation in the Slc2a8-/- spermatozoa, which was associated with decreased ATP levels resulted in a reduced number of motile Slc2a8-/- sperm, which appeared to be responsible for the reduced number of born Slc2a8-/- offspring. Therefore in sperm cells GLUT8 seems to be important for an intracellular transport process, which exerts an influence on the oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. In the brain Slc2a8 is expressed at highest levels in the hippocampus, which is important for the regulation of physical activity, exploration behaviour, memory and learning as well as anxiety related behaviour. Additionally, GLUT8 was detected in the hypothalamus, which is amongst others involved in the regulation of food intake. The Slc2a8-/- mice showed a significant increase in locomotor activity, which indicates a moderate undersupply of the hippocampus area. According to this finding the group of Membrez et al. (2006) observed a raised cell proliferation in the hippocampus of Slc2a8-/- mice. The fact that no alterations in food intake and only a moderate reduction in body weight was detected in Slc2a8-/- mice, indicates that GLUT8 is not important for the hypothalamic glucose sensing. The marginal decreased body weight of the Slc2a8-/- mice appeared to be associated with a slightly reduced weight of different tissues. Together with the lowered blood glucose concentrations and the apparently enhanced lifespan, the Slc2a8-/- mice showed symptoms of a moderate undersupply compareable to caloric restriction. Thus, we hypothesize that GLUT8 is important for the transport of sugar derivatives which arise during lysosomal/endosomal degradation of glycoproteins. These recycled sugars may serve as an additional energy source in the cell. KW - Glucosetransport KW - GLUT8 KW - Spermienmotilität KW - Verhalten KW - Glucosehomöostase KW - glucose transport KW - GLUT8 KW - sperm motility KW - behavior KW - glucose homeostasis Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-36308 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar A1 - Dey, Subarna A1 - Baburin, Igor A. A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Seifert, Gotthard A1 - Janiak, Christoph A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Syntheses of two imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate linker-based hexagonal metal–organic frameworks with flexible ethoxy substituent N2 - A rare example of in situ linker generation with the formation of soft porous Zn- and Co-MOFs (IFP-9 and -10, respectively) is reported. The flexible ethoxy groups of IFP-9 and -10 protrude into the 1D hexagonal channels. The gas-sorption behavior of both materials for H2, CO2 and CH4 showed wide hysteretic isotherms, typical for MOFs having a flexible substituent which can give rise to a gate effect. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 234 KW - adsorption KW - behavior KW - carbon-dioxide KW - crystals KW - gases KW - ligand KW - pressure KW - selectivity KW - temperature KW - zinc Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94360 SP - 9394 EP - 9399 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Arni, Patrick A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Künn, Steffen A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus F. T1 - The IZA evaluation dataset survey BT - a scientific use file T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This reference paper describes the sampling and contents of the IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey and outlines its vast potential for research in labor economics. The data have been part of a unique IZA project to connect administrative data from the German Federal Employment Agency with innovative survey data to study the out-mobility of individuals to work. This study makes the survey available to the research community as a Scientific Use File by explaining the development, structure, and access to the data. Furthermore, it also summarizes previous findings with the survey data. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 122 KW - survey data KW - scientific use file KW - labor market policies KW - evaluation KW - migration KW - ethnicity KW - attitudes KW - behavior KW - skills Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435204 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 122 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jeon, Jae-Hyung A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Scaled Brownian motion: a paradoxical process with a time dependent diffusivity for the description of anomalous diffusion JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP N2 - Anomalous diffusion is frequently described by scaled Brownian motion (SBM){,} a Gaussian process with a power-law time dependent diffusion coefficient. Its mean squared displacement is ?x2(t)? [similar{,} equals] 2K(t)t with K(t) [similar{,} equals] t[small alpha]-1 for 0 < [small alpha] < 2. SBM may provide a seemingly adequate description in the case of unbounded diffusion{,} for which its probability density function coincides with that of fractional Brownian motion. Here we show that free SBM is weakly non-ergodic but does not exhibit a significant amplitude scatter of the time averaged mean squared displacement. More severely{,} we demonstrate that under confinement{,} the dynamics encoded by SBM is fundamentally different from both fractional Brownian motion and continuous time random walks. SBM is highly non-stationary and cannot provide a physical description for particles in a thermalised stationary system. Our findings have direct impact on the modelling of single particle tracking experiments{,} in particular{,} under confinement inside cellular compartments or when optical tweezers tracking methods are used. KW - single-particle tracking KW - living cells KW - random-walks KW - subdiffusion KW - dynamics KW - nonergodicity KW - coefficients KW - transport KW - membrane KW - behavior Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP02019G VL - 30 IS - 16 SP - 15811 EP - 15817 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheiner, Ricarda A1 - Toteva, Anna A1 - Reim, Tina A1 - Sovik, Eirik A1 - Barron, Andrew B. T1 - Differences in the phototaxis of pollen and nectar foraging honey bees are related to their octopamine brain titers JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - The biogenic amine octopamine is an important neuromodulator, neurohormone and neurotransmitter in insects. We here investigate the role of octopamine signaling in honey bee phototaxis. Our results show that groups of bees differ naturally in their phototaxis. Pollen forgers display a lower light responsiveness than nectar foragers. The lower phototaxis of pollen foragers coincides with higher octopamine titers in the optic lobes but is independent of octopamine receptor gene expression. Increasing octopamine brain titers reduces responsiveness to light, while tyramine application enhances phototaxis. These findings suggest an involvement of octopamine signaling in honey bee phototaxis and possibly division of labor, which is hypothesized to be based on individual differences in sensory responsiveness. KW - biogenic amines KW - tyramine KW - division of labor KW - honey bee KW - light responsiveness KW - insect KW - behavior Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00116 SN - 1664-042X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jeon, Jae-Hyung A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Scaled Brownian motion: a paradoxical process with a time dependent diffusivity for the description of anomalous diffusion N2 - Anomalous diffusion is frequently described by scaled Brownian motion (SBM){,} a Gaussian process with a power-law time dependent diffusion coefficient. Its mean squared displacement is ?x2(t)? [similar{,} equals] 2K(t)t with K(t) [similar{,} equals] t[small alpha]-1 for 0 < [small alpha] < 2. SBM may provide a seemingly adequate description in the case of unbounded diffusion{,} for which its probability density function coincides with that of fractional Brownian motion. Here we show that free SBM is weakly non-ergodic but does not exhibit a significant amplitude scatter of the time averaged mean squared displacement. More severely{,} we demonstrate that under confinement{,} the dynamics encoded by SBM is fundamentally different from both fractional Brownian motion and continuous time random walks. SBM is highly non-stationary and cannot provide a physical description for particles in a thermalised stationary system. Our findings have direct impact on the modelling of single particle tracking experiments{,} in particular{,} under confinement inside cellular compartments or when optical tweezers tracking methods are used. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 180 KW - single-particle tracking KW - living cells KW - random-walks KW - subdiffusion KW - dynamics KW - nonergodicity KW - coefficients KW - transport KW - membrane KW - behavior Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-76302 SP - 15811 EP - 15817 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Makowicz, Amber M. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Steele, Rachel N. A1 - Schlupp, Ingo T1 - Kin recognition in a clonal fish, Poecilia formosa T2 - PLoS ONE N2 - Relatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clones, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 431 KW - toxic hydrogen-sulfide KW - sexual selection KW - hybrid origin KW - discrimination KW - behavior KW - competition KW - aggression KW - cues KW - consequences KW - avoidance Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411329 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Editorial: using substances to enhance performance BT - a psychology of neuroenhancement T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 443 KW - neuroenhancement KW - cognitive enhancement KW - doping KW - behavior KW - performance enhancement Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407274 IS - 443 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Editorial: Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - neuroenhancement KW - cognitive enhancement KW - doping KW - behavior KW - performance enhancement Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01741 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cooper, Ryan C. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Wheeler, M. R. A1 - Pandey, A. A1 - Watkins, T. R. A1 - Shyarn, A. T1 - Effect of microcracking on the uniaxial tensile response of beta-eucryptite ceramics BT - Experiments and constitutive model JF - Acta Materialia N2 - A constitutive model for the nonlinear or "pseudoplastic" mechanical behavior in a linear-elastic solid with thermally induced microcracks is developed and applied to experimental results. The model is termed strain dependent microcrack density approximation (SDMDA) and is an extension of the modified differential scheme that describes the slope of the stress-strain curves of microcracked solids. SDMDA allows a continuous variation in the microcrack density with tensile loading. Experimental uniaxial tensile response of beta-eucryptite glass and ceramics with controlled levels of microcracking is reported. It is demonstrated that SDMDA can well describe the extent of non-linearity in the experimental uniaxial tensile response of beta-eucryptite with varying levels of microcracking. The advantages of the SDMDA are discussed in regard to tensile loading. KW - behavior Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.033 SN - 1359-6454 SN - 1873-2453 VL - 135 SP - 361 EP - 371 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schnitzler, Joseph G. A1 - Pinzone, Marianna A1 - Autenrieth, Marijke A1 - van Neer, Abbo A1 - IJsseldijk, Lonneke L. A1 - Barber, Jonathan L. A1 - Deaville, Rob A1 - Jepson, Paul A1 - Brownlow, Andrew A1 - Schaffeld, Tobias A1 - Thomé, Jean-Pierre A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Das, Krishna A1 - Siebert, Ursula T1 - Inter-individual differences in contamination profiles as tracer of social group association in stranded sperm whales T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Ecological and physiological factors lead to different contamination patterns in individual marine mammals. The objective of the present study was to assess whether variations in contamination profiles are indicative of social structures of young male sperm whales as they might reflect a variation in feeding preferences and/or in utilized feeding grounds. We used a total of 61 variables associated with organic compounds and trace element concentrations measured in muscle, liver, kidney and blubber gained from 24 sperm whales that stranded in the North Sea in January and February 2016. Combining contaminant and genetic data, there is evidence for at least two cohorts with different origin among these stranded sperm whales; one from the Canary Island region and one from the northern part of the Atlantic. While genetic data unravel relatedness and kinship, contamination data integrate over areas, where animals occured during their lifetime. Especially in long-lived animals with a large migratory potential, as sperm whales, contamination data may carry highly relevant information about aggregation through time and space. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 692 KW - porpoises phococena-phococena KW - North-sea KW - physeter-macrocephalus KW - Galapagos-Islands KW - harbor porpoises KW - cetacean strandings KW - aggregations KW - pollutants KW - behavior KW - mammals Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426525 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 692 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Otto, Nils A1 - Marelja, Zvonimir A1 - Schoofs, Andreas A1 - Kranenburg, Holger A1 - Bittern, Jonas A1 - Yildirim, Kerem A1 - Berh, Dimitri A1 - Bethke, Maria A1 - Thomas, Silke A1 - Rode, Sandra A1 - Risse, Benjamin A1 - Jiang, Xiaoyi A1 - Pankratz, Michael A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Klämbt, Christian T1 - The sulfite oxidase Shopper controls neuronal activity by regulating glutamate homeostasis in Drosophila ensheathing glia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Specialized glial subtypes provide support to developing and functioning neural networks. Astrocytes modulate information processing by neurotransmitter recycling and release of neuromodulatory substances, whereas ensheathing glial cells have not been associated with neuromodulatory functions yet. To decipher a possible role of ensheathing glia in neuronal information processing, we screened for glial genes required in the Drosophila central nervous system for normal locomotor behavior. Shopper encodes a mitochondrial sulfite oxidase that is specifically required in ensheathing glia to regulate head bending and peristalsis. shopper mutants show elevated sulfite levels affecting the glutamate homeostasis which then act on neuronal network function. Interestingly, human patients lacking the Shopper homolog SUOX develop neurological symptoms, including seizures. Given an enhanced expression of SUOX by oligodendrocytes, our findings might indicate that in both invertebrates and vertebrates more than one glial cell type may be involved in modulating neuronal activity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 975 KW - molybdenum cofactor deficiency KW - blood-brain-barrier KW - larval locomotion KW - energy-metabolism KW - cerebral-cortex KW - astrocytes KW - behavior KW - cells KW - transmission KW - disease KW - Diseases of the nervous system KW - Glial biology KW - Glial development KW - Neurotransmitters Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426205 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 975 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiborn, Catarina A1 - Schulze, Matthias B. T1 - Diabetes risk scores T1 - Diabetesrisikoscores BT - use in diabetes prevention BT - Einsatz in der Diabetesprävention JF - Der Diabetologe N2 - Risk scores are used to identify high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who benefit from preventive measures. The DIfE-DEUTSCHER DIABETES-RISIKO-TEST (R) (DRT) is used to determine the absolute 5-year risk for T2DM. Since the calculation is based on non-clinical information, the test can be used independently of a doctor's visit. Data from prospective population-based long-term studies serve as the basis for the development of risk scores. As in the case of the DRT, the very good predictive quality of a score should be confirmed in independent populations. In addition to the use by doctors and for individual self-anamnesis, non-clinical risk scores can be used in the context of broader, population-based prevention concepts and information offers to reduce the risk of disease. Prevention services billable by health insurance companies should support the integration of health-promoting behavior into everyday life within the meaning of the German Prevention Act. Although obesity and diet are relevant lifestyle risk factors for T2DM, the proportion of preventive courses taken on this topic is only 3% of the courses billed. Appropriate recommendations in medical examinations could promote more extensive use. The use of risk scores as the basis for systematic and targeted recommendations for behavioral prevention could also support this, as is already established in guidelines for cardiovascular prevention. The further development of implementation research is also important for the efficient use of risk scores. N2 - Risikoscores werden zur Identifizierung von Hochrisikopersonen für Typ-2-Diabetes (T2DM) eingesetzt, die von Präventionsmaßnahmen profitieren. Der DIfE – DEUTSCHER DIABETES-RISIKO-TEST® (DRT [DIfE: Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam‐Rehbrücke]) wird genutzt, um das absolute 5‑Jahres-Risiko für T2DM zu bestimmen. Da die Berechnung auf nichtklinischen Informationen basiert, kann der Test unabhängig von einem Arztbesuch genutzt werden. Als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Risikoscores dienen Daten aus prospektiven populationsbezogenen Langzeitstudien. Die sehr gute Vorhersagegüte eines Scores sollte, wie im Fall des DRT, in unabhängigen Populationen bestätigt werden. Neben dem Einsatz durch Ärzte/‑innen und zur individuellen Selbstanamnese können nichtklinische Risikoscores im Kontext breiterer, bevölkerungsbezogener Präventionskonzepte und Informationsangebote zur Senkung des Erkrankungsrisikos Anwendung finden. Durch Krankenkassen abrechenbare Präventionsleistungen sollen im Sinne des deutschen Präventionsgesetzes die Integration von gesundheitsförderndem Verhalten in den Alltag unterstützen. Obwohl Übergewicht und Ernährung relevante Lebensstilrisikofaktoren für T2DM sind, beträgt der Anteil der in Anspruch genommenen Präventionskurse in diesem Bereich nur 3 % der abgerechneten Kurse. Entsprechende Empfehlungen in ärztlichen Untersuchungen könnten eine umfangreichere Inanspruchnahme fördern. Die Verwendung von Risikoscores als Grundlage für systematische und gezielte Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich einer Verhaltensprävention könnte dies, wie es bereits in Richtlinien der kardiovaskulären Prävention etabliert ist, darüber hinaus unterstützen. Auch die Weiterentwicklung der Implementationsforschung ist für den effizienten Einsatz von Risikoscores von Bedeutung. KW - Type 2 diabetes KW - preventive measures KW - risk assessment KW - life style KW - behavior KW - screening KW - Typ-2-Diabetes KW - Prävention KW - Risikoeinschätzung KW - Lebensstil KW - Verhalten Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-020-00592-0 SN - 1860-9716 SN - 1860-9724 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 226 EP - 233 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Adam, Maurits T1 - Infants’ goal prediction for simple action events BT - the role of experience and agency cues JF - Topics in cognitive science / Cognitive Science Society N2 - Looking times and gaze behavior indicate that infants can predict the goal state of an observed simple action event (e.g., object-directed grasping) already in the first year of life. The present paper mainly focuses on infants' predictive gaze-shifts toward the goal of an ongoing action. For this, infants need to generate a forward model of the to-be-obtained goal state and to disengage their gaze from the moving agent at a time when information about the action event is still incomplete. By about 6 months of age, infants show goal-predictive gaze-shifts, but mainly for familiar actions that they can perform themselves (e.g., grasping) and for familiar agents (e.g., a human hand). Therefore, some theoretical models have highlighted close relations between infants' ability for action-goal prediction and their motor development and/or emerging action experience. Recent research indicates that infants can also predict action goals of familiar simple actions performed by non-human agents (e.g., object-directed grasping by a mechanical claw) when these agents display agency cues, such as self-propelled movement, equifinality of goal approach, or production of a salient action effect. This paper provides a review on relevant findings and theoretical models, and proposes that the impacts of action experience and of agency cues can be explained from an action-event perspective. In particular, infants' goal-predictive gaze-shifts are seen as resulting from an interplay between bottom-up processing of perceptual information and top-down influences exerted by event schemata that store information about previously executed or observed actions. KW - Action events KW - Infant action‐ goal prediction KW - Infant gaze KW - behavior KW - Eye tracking KW - Feedforward processes KW - Perception of KW - agency  cues Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12494 SN - 1756-8765 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 62 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Urbach, Tina A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - Leader member exchange in leaders' support for voice BT - good relationships matter in situations of power threat T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - While previous research underscores the role of leaders in stimulating employee voice behaviour, comparatively little is known about what affects leaders' support for such constructive but potentially threatening employee behaviours. We introduce leader member exchange quality (LMX) as a central predictor of leaders' support for employees' ideas for constructive change. Apart from a general benefit of high LMX for leaders' idea support, we propose that high LMX is particularly critical to leaders' idea support if the idea voiced by an employee constitutes a power threat to the leader. We investigate leaders' attribution of prosocial and egoistic employee intentions as mediators of these effects. Hypotheses were tested in a quasi-experimental vignette study (N = 160), in which leaders evaluated a simulated employee idea, and a field study (N = 133), in which leaders evaluated an idea that had been voiced to them at work. Results show an indirect effect of LMX on leaders' idea support via attributed prosocial intentions but not via attributed egoistic intentions, and a buffering effect of high LMX on the negative effect of power threat on leaders' idea support. Results differed across studies with regard to the main effect of LMX on idea support. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 842 KW - proactive personality KW - work KW - consequences KW - behavior KW - performance KW - model KW - trust KW - metaanalysis KW - antecedents KW - supervisors Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510904 SN - 1866-8364 VL - 70 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urbach, Tina A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - Leader member exchange in leaders’ support for voice BT - good relationships matter in situations of power threat JF - Applied psychology : an international review JF - Psychologie appliquée N2 - While previous research underscores the role of leaders in stimulating employee voice behaviour, comparatively little is known about what affects leaders' support for such constructive but potentially threatening employee behaviours. We introduce leader member exchange quality (LMX) as a central predictor of leaders' support for employees' ideas for constructive change. Apart from a general benefit of high LMX for leaders' idea support, we propose that high LMX is particularly critical to leaders' idea support if the idea voiced by an employee constitutes a power threat to the leader. We investigate leaders' attribution of prosocial and egoistic employee intentions as mediators of these effects. Hypotheses were tested in a quasi-experimental vignette study (N = 160), in which leaders evaluated a simulated employee idea, and a field study (N = 133), in which leaders evaluated an idea that had been voiced to them at work. Results show an indirect effect of LMX on leaders' idea support via attributed prosocial intentions but not via attributed egoistic intentions, and a buffering effect of high LMX on the negative effect of power threat on leaders' idea support. Results differed across studies with regard to the main effect of LMX on idea support. KW - proactive personality KW - antecedents KW - behavior KW - consequences KW - metaanalysis KW - model KW - performance KW - supervisors KW - trust KW - work Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12245 SN - 0269-994X SN - 1464-0597 VL - 70 IS - 2 SP - 674 EP - 708 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Christin A1 - Hoppe, Julia Amelie A1 - Ziemann, Niklas T1 - Faster, harder, greener? BT - empirical evidence on the role of the individual Pace of Life for productivity and pro-environmental behavior JF - Ecological economics N2 - Against the background of the current "Speed-Up Society," which seems to foster a trade-off between economic success and climate change, we study whether the individual Pace of Life is associated with productivity and proenvironmental behavior on the micro-level. In a controlled laboratory environment with students in Germany, we measured the productivity of participants in a real effort task, quantified their pro-environmental behavior, and recorded their individual Pace of Life. We find that individuals with a fast Pace of Life are significantly more productive. However, individuals with a fast Pace of Life behave less pro-environmentally if they are men and more pro-environmentally if they are women. KW - Charitable giving KW - Limits of growth KW - Pace of Life KW - Pro-environmental KW - behavior KW - Speed-Up Society Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107212 SN - 0921-8009 VL - 191 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -