TY - JOUR A1 - Possamai, Adam A1 - Turner, Bryan S. A1 - Roose, Joshua M. A1 - Dagistanli, Selda A1 - Voyce, Malcolm T1 - "Shari'a" in Cyberspace. A Case Study from Australia JF - Sociologica : Italian Journal of Sociology online N2 - New forms of communication and greater accessibility of Islamic texts on-line allow Muslims to shape their own religiosity, to become less dependent on established sources of authority, and thereby to become more aware of their own cultural diversity as a community. New practices of transnational Islam, and the growth of new concepts of Muslim identities currently emerging in the on-line community, are relatively free from immediate constraints. This article provides the result of a sociological analysis of three Internet sites in Sydney which deliver on-line fatwas. Even if cyberspace has allowed the Muslim world to be de-territorialised and provides a way for people to distance themselves from traditional communities if they wish, this research points out a variety of approaches, including one case which is aiming at re-localising an Australian Muslim system of values. This case highlights ways in which first generation Muslims are re-territorialising Shari'a in a specific western country. KW - Shari'a KW - Fatwas KW - Cyberspace KW - De-territorialisation Process Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2383/83882 SN - 1971-8853 VL - 63 SP - 143 EP - 159 PB - Società editrice il Mulino CY - Bologna ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Torpey, John C. A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Demography and social citizenship T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Political Economy Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online) IS - 1 SP - 188 EP - 203 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - a politcal economy of citizenship T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 1 Political Economy N2 - In the course of the last four decades, neo-liberalism has established itself as the dominant form of governing both national societies and global affairs. On the foundation of both Keynesian economic policies and the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates among currencies, the world economy recovered. The classical sociological meaning and concept of citizenship as defined by T. H. Marshall and others after World War II rests on an analysis of the relationship between the capitalist economy and political democracy against the background of 'embedded liberalism'. Today, however, the enforcement of neo-liberal principles in order to turn modern democracies into 'market societies' impinges heavily on our idea of citizenship. The critical aspects of a flawed citizenship go directly to the heart of the idea of citizenship itself, as both democratic and social participation and a substantial conception of individual liberty all seem to be under attack from the global politico-economic regime. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67290-1 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56228-5 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562285 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - citizenship and political struggle T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 3 Struggle, Resistance and Violence N2 - The history of citizenship is one of social struggle against pre-modern authorities, nobles and aristocracies, of class struggles and the demands of social movements, and no less of cultural, ethnic, indigenous protests against the long history of colonialism. Paths to citizenship in Europe have taken very different directions, as Charles Tilly has shown with regard to England, the Netherlands, Russia or Prussia. Max Weber's dictum of defining the state by the accomplishment of the monopolisation of the legitimate means of violence is of utmost significance for the history of citizenship. There can be no doubt that the experience of World War II prepared the ground for the twentieth-century idea of citizenship. Consequently the Western concept of citizenship has been promoted as a role model in the march towards modernity as peaceful, democratic and universalistic. Finally, this chapter presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67288-8 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56227-8 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562278 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mackert, Jürgen A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - citizenship and its boundaries T2 - The Transformation of Citizenship : Volume 2 Boundaries of Inclusion and Exclusion N2 - This introduction presents an overview of the concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines the role of Frontex in the European Union as an agency to protect its external borders in the Mediterranean from irregular or 'illegal' migration. It discusses that Europe is an arrangement for European citizens only – and for some privileged non-citizens as in the Swiss case. The book explains the points to the possibility of a transnational membership regime that, however, bears certain antinomies that also point to unresolved problems. It offers an interesting view on the symbolic boundary between the citizen and the consumer, discussing this nexus from the perspective of citizenship studies, consumer culture and surveillance studies. Among the many far-reaching transformations that both societies and citizens have faced in recent years, the European migration crisis has most urgently brought to mind the fact that modern citizenship has always been about boundaries and about processes of inclusion and exclusion Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-138-67289-5 (print) SN - 978-1-315-56226-1 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562261 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Routledge Taylor CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dagistanli, Selda A1 - Possamai, Adam A1 - Turner, Bryan S. A1 - Voyce, Malcolm A1 - Roose, Joshua T1 - The limits of multiculturalism in Australia? BT - The Shari’a flogging caseof R v. Raad, Fayed, Cifci and Coskun JF - The Sociological Review N2 - This article focuses on the marginal extremities – the limits – of Shari’a practices in Australia, through the example of a criminal case in which four Sydney-based Muslim men whipped a Muslim convert to punish him for his excessive consumption of drugs and alcohol. The men claimed they acted in line with the doctrines of Shari’a practice to ‘purify’ or absolve the victim of his sins. While the case was tried before a magistrate in a lower court, it is argued in this article that its social and political significance was wider, reaching into contemporary debates around multiculturalism and immigration from non-western, non-liberal and mainly Muslim nations. Mainstream media and political narratives viewed the whipping as an example of the moral dangers of accommodating Shari’a norms, eliding the differences between peaceable Shari’a and its violent extremities, while situating the case at the limits of multicultural accommodation. This article interrogates the objectionable margins of some cultural practices through this limit case. At the same time it questions the limits or limitations of a multiculturalism that homogeneously views the practices of entire ethnic or religious groups as violent and incommensurable with dominant norms, while using these understandings as a justification for marginalising these groups. KW - limits KW - multiculturalism KW - Muslims KW - racism KW - Shari’a Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118768133 SN - 0038-0261 SN - 1467-954X VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 1258 EP - 1275 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Rezension zu: DeHanas, Daniel Nilsson: London Youth, Religion, and Politics: Engagement and Activism from Brixton to Brick Lane. - Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2016. - ISBN: 978-019874367-5 JF - The British Journal of Sociology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12361 SN - 0007-1315 SN - 1468-4446 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 876 EP - 877 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Islam, gender, and democracy in comparative perspective JF - Journal of Religious and Political Practice Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2018.1439439 SN - 2056-6093 SN - 2056-6107 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 201 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forlenza, Rosario A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Das Abendland BT - The politics of Europe’s religious borders JF - Critical research on religion : crr N2 - The religious borders of Europe, which are more evident and controversial than ever, challenge established forms of political legitimacy and the legal requirements for citizenship. Perhaps covertly rather than overtly, they shape politics and policies. While scholars have once again resorted to Edward Said’s Orientalism to describe the dynamic at play, this article argues that the Orientalism narrative of East and West is too simple to capture the actual complexity of Europe’s borders. There are four religious and thus four cultural-symbolic borders, which are increasingly defining the continent: north-western Europe is Protestant, southern Europe is Catholic, the East is Orthodox and increasingly nationalist, and the South and Near East are Muslim. The cultural purity and the values that Europe craves in search of identity and order are simply not available in a world of global interconnectedness and social diversity. KW - Abendland KW - Catholicism KW - Protestantism KW - Orthodoxy KW - Islam Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2050303218774891 SN - 2050-3032 SN - 2050-3040 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 6 EP - 23 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yılmaz, Zafer A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Turkey’s deepening authoritarianism and the fall of electoral democracy JF - British journal of Middle Eastern studies Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2019.1642662 SN - 1353-0194 SN - 1469-3542 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 691 EP - 698 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fitzi, Gregor A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction: From politics as a vocation to politics as a profession T2 - Journal of Classical Sociology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X19851341 SN - 1468-795X SN - 1741-2897 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 311 EP - 315 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Time, Science and the Critique of Technological Reason: Essays in Honor of Herminio Martins JF - European Journal of Social Theory Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431018824454 SN - 1368-4310 SN - 1461-7137 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 574 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Turner, Bryan S. A1 - Contreras-Vejar, Yuri T1 - Introduction BT - Reflections on regimes of happiness T2 - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - This book started as a conversation about successful societies and human development. It was originally based on a simple idea— it would be unusual if, in a society that might be reasonably deemed as successful, its citizens were deeply unhappy. This combination— successful societies and happy citizens— raised immediate and obvious problems. How might one define “success” when dealing, for example, with a society as large and as complex as the United States? We ran into equally major problems when trying to understand “happiness.” Yet one constantly hears political analysts talking about the success or failure of various democratic institutions. In ordinary conversations one constantly hears people talking about being happy or unhappy. In the everyday world, conversations about living in a successful society or about being happy do not appear to cause bewilderment or confusion. “Ordinary people” do not appear to find questions like— is your school successful or are you happily married?— meaningless or absurd. Yet, in the social sciences, both “successful societies” and “happy lives” are seen to be troublesome. As our research into happiness and success unfolded, the conundrums we discussed were threefold: societal conditions, measurements and concepts. What are the key social factors that are indispensable for the social and political stability of any given society? Is it possible to develop precise measures of social success that would give us reliable data? There are a range of economic indicators that might be associated with success, such as labor productivity, economic growth rates, low inflation and a robust GDP. Are there equally reliable political and social measures of a successful society and human happiness? For example, rule of law and the absence of large- scale corruption might be relevant to the assessment of societal happiness. These questions about success led us inexorably to what seems to be a futile notion: happiness. Economic variables such as income or psychological measures of well- being in terms of mental health could be easily analyzed; however, happiness is a dimension that has been elusive to the social sciences. In our unfolding conversation, there was also another stream of thought, namely that the social sciences appeared to be more open to the study of human unhappiness rather than happiness. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Anthem Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - A Nineteenth-Century Turning Point BT - Nietzsche, Weber, Freud and Mill JF - Regimes of happiness : comparative and historical studies N2 - Happiness as the ultimate goal of human endeavour is a thread running through theology and philosophy from the ancient Greeks to modern times. Such a claim raises immediately a host of critical objections and problems relating to the idea of cultural relativism. Can the theme of happiness be continuous and how would we know that? One way to overcome this dilemma is to identify ‘regimes of happiness’ – that is, clusters of ideas, practices and institutions that in one way or another connect to broad ideas of human wellbeing, flourishing and satisfaction or Eudaimonia to use the word that dominates Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Contreras- Vejar and Turner, 2018). Contemporary discussions of happiness almost invariably start with Aristotle (Nagel, 1972). However, the methodology here is to some extent borrowed from Michel Foucault to understand the ‘genealogy’ of happiness across different social and cultural formations. In the Western world one could identify an Aristotelian regime of happiness based on the idea of a sound polity and flourishing citizens. There is also a Christian regime of happiness around such figures as St. Augustine and within which there have been radical shifts most notably brought about by Luther and the Protestant Reformation. Regimes of happiness can overlap with each other and their borders are obviously fuzzy. Some regimes may last a long time in various forms. For example, Aristotle's treatment of happiness is one of the most cited versions of happiness across the West. The idea of happiness is, however, not confined to the West. For example, the Vietnamese Constitution that was devised by Ho Chi Minh, an admirer of America society, crafted the 1945 Constitution with three key words as its primary values – Independence–freedom–happiness (or niem hanh phuc). The 2013 version of the Constitution in Article 3 says, ‘The state guarantees […] that people enjoy what is abundant and free for a happy life with conditions for all- round development.’ One further notion behind our discussion of ‘regimes of happiness’ is that in principle we can detect important shifts in regimes that are associated both with specific networks of individual thinkers, and with institutional changes in the location of intellectuals in these networks. In this chapter I am especially interested in the transitions in thinking about happiness from the late eighteenth century and through the nineteenth century. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78308-886-7 SN - 978-1-78308-885-0 SP - 235 EP - 248 PB - Anthem Press. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - demography, demogracy and right-wing populism T2 - Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 3. Migration, gender and religion Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-138-09138-2 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stones, Rob A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Successful societies BT - Decision-making and the quality of attentiveness JF - The British journal of sociology : BJS online N2 - Combining moral philosophy with sociological theory to build on themes introduced in Hall and Lamont’s Successful Societies (2009), the paper outlines a distinctive perspective. It holds that a necessary condition of successful societies is that decision-makers base their decisions on a high level of attentiveness (concern and comprehension) towards subjectively valued and morally legitimate forms of life. Late modern societies consist of a plurality of forms of life, each providing grounds for what Alasdair MacIntyre has called internal goods—valued and morally valuable practices. The status of such goods is examined, and distinctions are drawn between their manifest and latent, and transposable and situationally specific, characteristics. We integrate this refined idea of internal goods into a developed conception of habitus that is both morally informed and situationally embedded. The sociological approach of strong structuration theory (SST) is employed to demonstrate how this conception of habitus can guide the critique of decision-making that damages internal goods. We identify the most pervasive and invidious forms of damaging decision-making in contemporary societies as those involving excessive forms of instrumental reasoning. We argue that our developed conception of habitus, anchored in the collectively valued practices of specific worlds, can be a powerful focus for resistance. Accounts of scholarship in higher education and of the white working class in America illustrate the specificities of singular, particular, social worlds and illuminate critical challenges raised by the perspective we advocate. KW - excessive instrumental reasoning KW - internal goods KW - moral philosophy KW - situationally-specific habitus KW - strong structuration theory (SST) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12724 SN - 0007-1315 SN - 1468-4446 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 183 EP - 199 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Book review: Populism in the civil sphere / edited: Jeffrey C. Alexander, Peter Kivisto, Giuseppe Sciortino. - Cambridge ; Medford : Polity, 2021. - ISBN 978-1-5095-4474-5 ; 978-1-5095-4473-8 JF - Journal of classical sociology : JCS Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X21996104 SN - 1468-795X SN - 1741-2897 VL - 21 IS - 3-4 SP - 357 EP - 360 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forlenza, Rosario A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Roman Catholicism and democracy BT - international conservatism and external liberalis? JF - The condition of democracy : Volume 1: Neoliberal politics and sociological perspectives Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-00-040191-2 SN - 978-1-00-315836-3 SP - 149 EP - 164 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Introduction BT - waves of democracy JF - The condition of democracy : Volume 1: Neoliberal politics and sociological perspectives Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-00-040191-2 SN - 978-1-00-315836-3 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Trump, religion and populism T2 - Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 3. Migration, gender and religion Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-138-09138-2 SP - 168 EP - 179 PB - Routledge CY - London ER -