TY - GEN A1 - Schachner, Maja Katharina A1 - He, Jia A1 - Heizmann, Boris A1 - Van de Vijver, Fons J. R. T1 - Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries BT - Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) N2 - School adjustment determines long-term adjustment in society. Yet, immigrant youth do better in some countries than in others. Drawing on acculturation research (Berry, 1997; Ward, 2001) and self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci, 2000), we investigated indirect effects of adolescent immigrants’ acculturation orientations on school adjustment (school-related attitudes, truancy, and mathematics achievement) through school belonging. Analyses were based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment from six European countries, which were combined into three clusters based on their migrant integration and multicultural policies: Those with the most supportive policies (Belgium and Finland), those with moderately supportive policies (Italy and Portugal), and those with the most unsupportive policies (Denmark and Slovenia). In a multigroup path model, we confirmed most associations. As expected, mainstream orientation predicted higher belonging and better outcomes in all clusters, whereas the added value of students’ ethnic orientation was only observed in some clusters. Results are discussed in terms of differences in acculturative climate and policies between countries of settlement. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 318 KW - acculturation KW - adolescent immigrants KW - cross-cultural comparison KW - multicultural policy KW - school adjustment Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395237 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schachner, Maja Katharina A1 - He, Jia A1 - Heizmann, Boris A1 - Van de Vijver, Fons J. R. T1 - Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) JF - Frontiers in psychology KW - adolescent immigrants KW - acculturation KW - multicultural policy KW - cross-cultural comparison KW - school adjustment Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00649 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schachner, Maja Katharina A1 - He, Jia A1 - Heizmann, Boris A1 - Van de Vijver, Fons J. R. T1 - Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries BT - Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - School adjustment determines long-term adjustment in society. Yet, immigrant youth do better in some countries than in others. Drawing on acculturation research (Berry, 1997; Ward, 2001) and self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci, 2000), we investigated indirect effects of adolescent immigrants’ acculturation orientations on school adjustment (school-related attitudes, truancy, and mathematics achievement) through school belonging. Analyses were based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment from six European countries, which were combined into three clusters based on their migrant integration and multicultural policies: Those with the most supportive policies (Belgium and Finland), those with moderately supportive policies (Italy and Portugal), and those with the most unsupportive policies (Denmark and Slovenia). In a multigroup path model, we confirmed most associations. As expected, mainstream orientation predicted higher belonging and better outcomes in all clusters, whereas the added value of students’ ethnic orientation was only observed in some clusters. Results are discussed in terms of differences in acculturative climate and policies between countries of settlement. KW - adolescent immigrants KW - acculturation KW - multicultural policy KW - cross-cultural comparison KW - school adjustment Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00649 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlenbeck, Cordelia Anna A1 - Pritsch, Carla A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell A1 - Telkemeyer, Silke A1 - Liebal, Katja T1 - Attentional bias to facial expressions of different emotions BT - a cross-cultural comparison of ≠Akhoe Hai||om and German children and adolescents JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The attentional bias to negative information enables humans to quickly identify and to respond appropriately to potentially threatening situations. Because of its adaptive function, the enhanced sensitivity to negative information is expected to represent a universal trait, shared by all humans regardless of their cultural background. However, existing research focuses almost exclusively on humans from Western industrialized societies, who are not representative for the human species. Therefore, we compare humans from two distinct cultural contexts: adolescents and children from Germany, a Western industrialized society, and from the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om, semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers in Namibia. We predicted that both groups show an attentional bias toward negative facial expressions as compared to neutral or positive faces. We used eye-tracking to measure their fixation duration on facial expressions depicting different emotions, including negative (fear, anger), positive (happy), and neutral faces. Both Germans and the not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om gazed longer at fearful faces, but shorter on angry faces, challenging the notion of a general bias toward negative emotions. For happy faces, fixation durations varied between the two groups, suggesting more flexibility in the response to positive emotions. Our findings emphasize the need for placing research on emotion perception into an evolutionary, cross-cultural comparative framework that considers the adaptive significance of specific emotions, rather than differentiating between positive and negative information, and enables systematic comparisons across participants from diverse cultural backgrounds. KW - attentional bias KW - fear bias KW - emotions KW - facial expressions KW - cross-cultural comparison KW - not equal Akhoe Hai parallel to om KW - Germans KW - adolescents Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00795 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -