TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Heess, Katja T1 - Normative balance and electoral reform: a finnish puzzle and a comparative analysis JF - West European politics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.929342 SN - 0140-2382 SN - 1743-9655 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 72 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Michael A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Sorgner, Alina T1 - Why did self-employment increase so strongly in Germany? JF - Entrepreneurship and regional development N2 - Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification. Applying the nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, we find that the main factors driving these changes in the overall level of self-employment are demographic developments, the shift towards service sector employment and a larger share of population holding a tertiary degree. While these factors explain most of the development in self-employment with employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger increase in solo self-employment and in self-employment in former socialist East Germany. KW - self-employment KW - nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique KW - entrepreneurship KW - Germany KW - L26 KW - D22 Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1048310 SN - 0898-5626 SN - 1464-5114 VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SP - 307 EP - 333 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Michael A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Pijnenburg, Katharina T1 - Business cycles, unemployment and entrepreneurial entry-evidence from Germany JF - International entrepreneurship and management journal N2 - We investigate whether people are more willing to become self-employed during boom periods or during recessions and to what extent business cycles and unemployment levels influence entries into entrepreneurship. Our analysis for Germany reveals that there is a positive relationship between unemployment rates and start-up activities. Moreover, new business formation is higher during recessions than in boom periods, implying that it is counter-cyclical. When disentangling periods of low and high unemployment we find that the effect of unemployment on new business formation is only statistically significant if the level of unemployment is below the trend, indicating a "low unemployment retain effect". KW - Self-employment KW - Business cycle KW - Unemployment KW - Start-up Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0326-3 SN - 1554-7191 SN - 1555-1938 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 286 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Eppinger, Elisabeth T1 - Patentpools BT - Eigenschaften, Motive und Implikationen N2 - Elisabeth Eppinger erforscht in diesem Buch aktuelle Patentpools, ihre Eigenschaften und alternative Lösungen zur gemeinsamen Nutzung von Patenten. Patentpools haben das Potenzial, Patentblockaden zu lösen und Innovationen zu fördern. Die Autorin diskutiert die Rolle von Patentkooperationen im Rahmen des strategischen Technologie- und Innovationsmanagements sowie der Innovationsförderung. Es wird gezeigt, welche strukturellen Faktoren, Motive und Charakteristika von Akteuren unterschiedliche Patentpools begünstigen Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - THES A1 - Edling, Nicolas T1 - Treasury-Management Internationaler Unternehmen T2 - Schriftenreihe Finanzierung und Banken ; 24 N2 - Das Treasury-Management von Internationalen Unternehmen gewinnt in der Praxis zunehmend an strategischer Bedeutung; eine wissenschaftlich umfassende Erörterung des Themas unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Perspektiven und aktueller Entwicklungen fehlt jedoch. Daher wird in der vorliegenden Dissertation einerseits ein holistisches Verständnis des Treasury-Managements von Internationalen Unternehmen erarbeitet. Diese neuartige Sichtweise wird durch die Entwicklung von theoretischen Modellen untermauert und eine zunehmende Strategieorientierung nachgewiesen. Ergänzend wird das Treasury-Management vor dem Hintergrund einer Fokussierung auf Internationale Unternehmen und Finanzmärkte in einen Gesamtunternehmenskontext eingeordnet, aber auch Spezial-bereiche – wie die Corporate Governance der Treasury-Abteilung werden hinreichend behandelt. Daneben wird aber auch eine umfangreiche empirische Analyse der Bankensteuerung und des Cash-Managements von Internationalen Unternehmen am Beispiel von DAX- und MDAX-Unternehmen im Kontext der Globalen Finanzkrise durchgeführt. Es werden wesentliche Entwicklungstendenzen – wie eine zunehmende Risikoorientierung – aufgezeigt und ein Zusammenhang zwischen beiden Untersuchungsbereichen nachgewiesen. KW - Wirtschaft Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-89673-693-2 PB - Verl. Wissenschaft und Praxis CY - Sternenfels ER - TY - THES A1 - Doyé, Frederik T1 - Optimierung der Anzahl an Auslandsentsendungen und Empowerment of Locals in internationalen Unternehmen BT - Eine wissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Expatriate-Management aus entscheidungstheoretischer Perspektive T2 - Hochschulschriften zum Personalwesen ; 44 N2 - Aufgrund zunehmender Herausforderungen bei der Entsendung von Mitarbeitern ins Ausland beschäftigt sich die Dissertation ‚Optimierung der Anzahl an Auslandsentsendungen und Empowerment of Locals in internationalen Unternehmen’ unter Zuhilfenahme der deskriptiven Entscheidungstheorie mit der wissenschaftlichen Forschungsfrage, ob sich die Anzahl der Auslandsentsendungen von deutschen Großunternehmen in den nächsten Jahren verändern wird und welche Parameter, wie z.B. die strategische Ausrichtung des Unternehmens, dafür ausschlaggebend sind. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, inwieweit eine solche Reduzierung erfolgversprechend ist und ob es eine optimale Anzahl an Auslandsentsendungen gibt. Weiterhin wird untersucht, wie Auslandsentsendungen erfolgreich optimiert werden können und ob dies - beispielsweise durch ein gezieltes Empowerment of Locals - unterstützt werden kann. Dieses Buch richtet sich sowohl an Forschende und Studierende im Bereich der BWL – insbesondere mit den Schwerpunkten Personalmanagement und Internationales Management – als auch an HR-Mitarbeiter, Führungskräfte und Berater, die an theoretischen und empirischen Erkenntnissen zu Auslandsentsendung von Mitarbeitern und Expatriate-Management interessiert sind Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-95710-043-6 PB - Hampp CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dekker, Rianne A1 - Emilsson, Henrik A1 - Krieger, Bernhard A1 - Scholten, Peter T1 - A Local Dimension of Integration Policies? A Comparative Study of Berlin, Malmo, and Rotterdam JF - International migration review N2 - This study examines three theses on local integration policies by a qualitative comparative case study of integration policies in three cities in three different countries (Berlin, Malmo, and Rotterdam). We found little evidence of a congruent local dimension of integration policies. Local policies resemble their national policy frameworks fairly well in terms of policy approaches and domains. Our multi-level perspective shows that this is not the result of top-down hierarchical governance, but rather of a multilevel dynamic of two-way interaction. Local policy legacies and local politics matter and national policies are also influenced by local approaches of integration. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12133 SN - 0197-9183 SN - 1747-7379 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 633 EP - 658 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - INPR A1 - Daviter, Falk T1 - The political use of knowledge in the policy process T2 - Policy sciences : integrating knowledge and practice to advance human dignity N2 - The role of knowledge in the policy process remains a central theoretical puzzle in policy analysis and political science. This article argues that an important yet missing piece of this puzzle is the systematic exploration of the political use of policy knowledge. While much of the recent debate has focused on the question of how the substantive use of knowledge can improve the quality of policy choices, our understanding of the political use of knowledge and its effects in the policy process has remained deficient in key respects. A revised conceptualization of the political use of knowledge is introduced that emphasizes how conflicting knowledge can be used to contest given structures of policy authority. This allows the analysis to differentiate between knowledge creep and knowledge shifts as two distinct types of knowledge effects in the policy process. While knowledge creep is associated with incremental policy change within existing policy structures, knowledge shifts are linked to more fundamental policy change in situations when the structures of policy authority undergo some level of transformation. The article concludes by identifying characteristics of the administrative structure of policy systems or sectors that make knowledge shifts more or less likely. KW - Evidence-based policy making KW - Knowledge creep KW - Knowledge utilization KW - Organizational epistemology KW - Punctuated equilibrium theory Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-015-9232-y SN - 0032-2687 SN - 1573-0891 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 491 EP - 505 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Clemens, Marius T1 - Ölpreise und makroökonomische Stabilisierung in offenen Volkswirtschaften Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-658-09438-6 PB - Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clemens, Christiane A1 - Heinemann, Maik T1 - Endogenous growth and wealth inequality under incomplete markets and idiosyncratic risk JF - Journal of macroeconomics N2 - This paper describes the equilibrium properties and dynamics of a model which combines the key features of the standard incomplete market model (Aiyagari, 1994) with a standard endogenous growth mechanism to gain a deeper understanding of the feedback effects between growth and wealth inequality in the presence of credit frictions and idiosyncratic risk. We characterize growth equilibria and find that a balanced growth path not necessarily exists if households are subject to ad hoc borrowing constraints. Growth, inequality, and risk are positively related in our model, but we also identify a hump-shaped relationship between welfare and risk, indicating a tradeoff relationship between risk-pooling and growth in the determination of welfare. The growth rate responds to changes in the wealth distribution and displays transitional dynamics towards the balanced growth path. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Endogenous growth KW - Borrowing constraints KW - Wealth distribution KW - Idiosyncratic risk KW - Heterogeneous agents Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2015.05.008 SN - 0164-0704 SN - 1873-152X VL - 45 SP - 300 EP - 317 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Künn, Steffen T1 - Getting back into the labor market: the effects of start-up subsidies for unemployed females JF - Journal of population economics N2 - Low female labor market participation is a problem many developed countries have to face. Beside activating inactive women, one possible solution is to support the re-integration of unemployed women. Due to female-specific labor market constraints (preferences for flexible working hours, discrimination), this is a difficult task, and the question arises whether active labor market policies (ALMP) are an appropriate tool to help. It has been shown that the effectiveness of traditional (ALMP) programs-which focus on the integration in dependent (potentially inflexible) employment-is positive but limited. At the same time, recent evidence for Austria shows that these programs reduce fertility which might be judged unfavorable from a societal perspective. Promoting self-employment among unemployed women might therefore be a promising alternative. Starting their own business might give women more independence and flexibility to reconcile work and family and increase labor market participation. Based on long-term informative data, we find that start-up programs persistently integrate former unemployed women into the labor market, and the impact on fertility is less detrimental than for traditional ALMP programs. KW - Start-up subsidies KW - Evaluation KW - Long-term effects KW - Female labor-force participation KW - Fertility Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-015-0540-5 SN - 0933-1433 SN - 1432-1475 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 1005 EP - 1043 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Hogenacker, Jens A1 - Kuenn, Steffen A1 - Wiessner, Frank T1 - Subsidized start-ups out of unemployment: a comparison to regular business start-ups JF - Small business economics : an international journal N2 - Offering unemployed individuals a subsidy to become self-employed is a widespread active labor market policy strategy. Previous studies have illustrated its high effectiveness to help participants escaping unemployment and improving their labor market prospects compared to other unemployed individuals. However, the examination of start-up subsidies from a business perspective has only received little attention to date. Using a new dataset based on a survey allows us to compare subsidized start-ups out of unemployment with regular business founders, with respect to not only personal characteristics but also business outcomes. The results indicate that previously unemployed entrepreneurs face disadvantages in variables correlated with entrepreneurial ability and access to capital. Nineteen months after start-up, the subsidized businesses experience higher survival, but lag behind regular business founders in terms of income, business growth and innovation. Moreover, we show that expected deadweight effects related to start-up subsidies occur on a (much) lower scale than usually assumed. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Start-up subsidies KW - Evaluation KW - Deadweight effects KW - Innovation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9646-0 SN - 0921-898X SN - 1573-0913 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 165 EP - 190 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Fossen, Frank M. A1 - Kritikos, Alexander A1 - Wetter, Miriam T1 - The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality JF - CESifo economic studies : a joint initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Ifo Institute for Economic Research N2 - Why do entrepreneurship rates differ so markedly by gender? Using data from a large representative German household panel, we investigate to what extent personality traits, human capital, and the employment history influence the start-up decision and can explain the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Applying a decomposition analysis, we observe that the higher risk aversion among women explains a large share of the entrepreneurial gender gap. We also find an education effect contributing to the gender difference. In contrast, the Big Five model and the current employment state have effects in the opposite direction, meaning that the gender gap in entrepreneurial entry would be even larger if women had the same scores and the same employment status as men. (JEL codes: L26, J16, D81, J24, M13). KW - entrepreneurship KW - gender gap KW - personality KW - decomposition analysis Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifu023 SN - 1610-241X SN - 1612-7501 VL - 61 IS - 1 SP - 202 EP - 238 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Locus of control and job search strategies JF - The review of economics and statistics N2 - Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00459 SN - 0034-6535 SN - 1530-9142 VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 88 EP - 103 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Clement, Michel A1 - Shehu, Edlira T1 - The effect of individual professional critics on books' sales: capturing selection biases from observable and unobservable factors JF - Marketing letters : a journal of research in marketing N2 - We propose a combined approach of propensity score matching with difference-in-differences methods for reducing selection biases of products being reviewed by critics. Critics' decision to review products may be driven by observable (e.g., star power) and unobservable (e.g., critics' individual preferences) factors, raising the question of reverse causality and selection biases. Our proposed approach enables to rigorously control for selection biases by observable and unobservable characteristics. We apply our methodological framework on data from the German book market and estimate the sales effect of a well-known TV critic. We identify substantial selection effects of individual critics, which result in serious underestimation of the short-term effect (up to 29 %) and the long-term effect (up to 37 %). The results emphasize the relevance of the proposed methodological framework by demonstrating that observable and unobservable factors drive selection effects. KW - Critics KW - Reviewer KW - Propensity score matching KW - Difference-in-difference KW - Selection effects Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-015-9391-9 SN - 0923-0645 SN - 1573-059X VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 423 EP - 436 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borck, Rainald A1 - Übelmesser, Silke A1 - Wimbersky, Martin T1 - The Political Economics of Higher-Education Finance for Mobile Individuals JF - FinanzArchiv N2 - We study voting over higher-education finance in an economy with two regions and two separated labor markets. Households differ in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Nonstudents are immobile. Students decide where to study; they return home after graduation with exogenous probability. The voters of the two regions decide on whether to subsidize higher-education costs or to rely on tuition fees only. We find that in equilibrium, in both regions a majority votes for subsidies when the return probability is sufficiently small. When that probability is large, both regions opt for full tuition finance. KW - voting KW - higher education KW - financing scheme KW - mobility Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1628/001522115X14206439673215 SN - 0015-2218 SN - 1614-0974 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 82 EP - 105 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borck, Rainald A1 - Fossen, Frank M. A1 - Freier, Ronny A1 - Martin, Thorsten T1 - Race to the debt trap? - Spatial econometric evidence on debt in German municipalities JF - Regional science and urban economics N2 - Through an intertemporal budget constraint, jurisdictions may gain advantages in tax and spending competition by 'competing' on debt. While the existing spatial econometric literature focuses on tax and spending competition, very little is known about spatial interaction via public debt. If jurisdictions compete for mobile capital to finance public spending, they may compete in debt levels as well as taxes. We use a theoretical model to derive the reaction of jurisdictions' debt levels to their neighbors' debts. We then estimate the spatial interdependence of public debt among German municipalities using a panel on municipalities in the two largest German states from 1999 to 2006. We find significant and robust interaction effects between debt levels of neighboring municipalities, which we compare to spatial tax and spending interactions. The results indicate that a municipality increases its per capita debt by 16-33 Euro as a reaction to an increase of 100 Euro in neighboring municipalities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Public debt KW - Tax and spending competition KW - Municipality data KW - Spatial interactions KW - Spatial panel estimation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.04.003 SN - 0166-0462 SN - 1879-2308 VL - 53 SP - 20 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biemann, Torsten A1 - Kearney, Eric A1 - Marggraf, Kathrin T1 - Empowering leadership and managers' career perceptions: Examining effects at both the individual and the team level JF - The leadership quarterly : an international journal of political, social and behavioral science N2 - In a multilevel model of leadership behavior, we investigated whether and how empowering leadership affects individuals' career perceptions. We developed a conceptual model that links empowering leadership at the individual level and at the group level (mean as well as dispersion) to individuals' career self-efficacy and career satisfaction. To test our model, we used questionnaire data from a multilevel data set of 2493 employees in leadership positions nested in 704 teams from a large German corporation. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that empowering leadership at the individual level was positively related to career self-efficacy, which in turn mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and career satisfaction. Empowering leadership at the group level was positively related to career self-efficacy when it was conceptualized as leadership differentiation (i.e., the standard deviation of empowering leadership ratings), but not when it was conceptualized as leadership climate (i.e., mean empowering leadership ratings). Career self-efficacy in turn mediated the relationship between empowering leadership differentiation and career satisfaction. Finally, we found a negative relationship between empowering leadership. differentiation and career satisfaction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Empowering leadership KW - Career self-efficacy KW - Career satisfaction KW - Multilevel analysis Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.003 SN - 1048-9843 SN - 1873-3409 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 775 EP - 789 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Halw, Maria T1 - Die Potsdamer Gründungsstatistik - Jahre 2012-2014 JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehrer und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 38 EP - 39 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Birkenbach, Lisa ED - Hölzle, Katharina ED - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja ED - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Zahlen und Tendenzen zum Thema Gründung an deutschen Hochschulen JF - Entrepreneurship education : das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung N2 - Das Potsdamer Modell der Entrepreneurship Education Die Entrepreneurship Education in Deutschland ist ein vergleichsweise junges und damit noch ein nicht übergreifend etabliertes Fachgebiet. In diesem Buch wird in Theorie und Praxis ein Konzept der Entrepreneurship Education für Hochschulen vorgestellt, das basierend auf etablierten Konzepten der Gründungslehre innovativ und zukunftsorientiert für und mit allen Beteiligten arbeitet. Im praktischen Teil erhält der Leser eine erstmalige Übersicht von 117 Lehrangeboten der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education. Das Modell der Entrepreneurship Education an der Universität Potsdam kann anderen Hochschulen Anregungen geben, ihre eigenen Gründungsaktivitäten und -angebote ebenfalls in einem kohärenten pädagogischen Rahmen zu bündeln und durch die damit erworbene Transparenz ihren Erfolg nachhaltig zu sichern. In diesem Sinne ist dieses Buch ein Inspirationen gebender Leitfaden für alle, die sich mit dem Thema Gründungslehre und -beratung befassen. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 33 EP - 37 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER -