TY - JOUR A1 - Poeschel, Thorsten A1 - Brilliantov, Nikolai V. A1 - Formella, Arno T1 - Impact of high-energy tails on granular gas properties JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The velocity distribution function of granular gases in the homogeneous cooling state as well as some heated granular gases decays for large velocities as f proportional to exp(-const x nu). That is, its high-energy tail is overpopulated as compared with the Maxwell distribution. At the present time, there is no theory to describe the influence of the tail on the kinetic characteristics of granular gases. We develop an approach to quantify the overpopulated tail and analyze its impact on granular gas properties, in particular on the cooling coefficient. We observe and explain anomalously slow relaxation of the velocity distribution function to its steady state. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.74.041302 SN - 1539-3755 SN - 1550-2376 VL - 74 IS - 4 PB - The American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Rainer A1 - Webster, J. D. A1 - Rhede, Dieter A1 - Seifert, W. A1 - Rickers, Karen A1 - Förster, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Heinrich, Wilhelm A1 - Davidson, P. T1 - The transition from peraluminous to peralkaline granitic melts: Evidence from melt inclusions and accessory minerals JF - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry N2 - Fractional crystallization of peraluminous F- and H(2)O-rich granite magmas progressively enriches the remaining melt with volatiles. We show that, at saturation, the melt may separate into two immiscible conjugate melt fractions, one of the fractions shows increasing peraluminosity and the other increasing peralkalinity. These melt fractions also fractionate the incompatible elements to significantly different degrees. Coexisting melt fractions have differing chemical and physical properties and, due to their high density and viscosity contrasts, they will tend to separate readily from each other. Once separated, each melt fraction evolves independently in response to changing T/P/X conditions and further immiscibility events may occur, each generating its own conjugate pair of melt fractions. The strongly peralkaline melt fractions in particular are very reactive and commonly react until equilibrium is attained. Consequently, the peralkaline melt fraction is commonly preserved only in the isolated melt and mineral inclusions. We demonstrate that the differences between melt fractions that can be seen most clearly in differing melt inclusion compositions are also visible in the composition of the resulting ore-forming and accessory minerals, and are visible on scales from a few micrometers to hundreds of meters. KW - granite melts KW - magma evolution KW - melt inclusions KW - melt-melt immiscibility KW - peraluminosity KW - peralkalinity KW - accessory minerals Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.013 SN - 0024-4937 VL - 91 IS - 1-4 SP - 137 EP - 149 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziemann, Martin Andreas T1 - In situ micro-Raman spectroscopy on minerals on-site in the Grotto Hall of the New Palace, Park Sanssouci, in Potsdam JF - Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS N2 - Questions of identity and provenance of minerals that are parts of masterpieces in museums have become increasingly important in mineralogical and historical studies. Detailed investigations of valuable and unique objects require on-site, nondestructive and noninvasive methods because touching or removing them may cause irreparable damage. A mobile Raman-microprobe has been used to meet these demands for truly in situ mineralogical studies of the large collection of minerals and rocks of the Prussian kings in the Grotto Hall (Grottensaal) of the New Palace (Neues Palais), Park Sanssouci in Potsdam. Minerals on the walls of the Grotto Hall were analyzed to identify them and thereby to complete the data bank of the collection. Fluid and solid inclusions in the interior of a large quartz crystal have been studied to provide evidence of the provenance of the crystal. The fluid inclusions contain aqueous saline solutions, whereas the solid inclusions are needles of anhydrite with a length of about 1.5 mm. The quartz probably originated from an area in the eastern Alps, from the surroundings of Bad Gastein, Austria. This is the first on-site and in situ study of inclusions below the surface of a mineral with a mobile Raman-microprobe outside a laboratory. KW - mobile Raman-microprobe KW - minerals KW - provenance KW - fluid inclusions KW - anhydrite inclusions Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1584 SN - 0377-0486 VL - 37 IS - 10 SP - 1019 EP - 1025 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaikin, Alexey A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Optimal length transportation hypothesis to model proteasome product size distribution JF - Journal of biological physics : emphasizing physical principles in biological research ; an international journal for the formulation and application of mathematical models in the biological sciences N2 - This paper discusses translocation features of the 20S proteasome in order to explain typical proteasome length distributions. We assume that the protein transport depends significantly on the fragment length with some optimal length which is transported most efficiently. By means of a simple one-channel model, we show that this hypothesis can explain both the one- and the three-peak length distributions found in experiments. A possible mechanism of such translocation is provided by so-called fluctuation-driven transport. KW - proteasome KW - protein translocation KW - stochastic process KW - ratchets Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10867-006-9014-z SN - 0092-0606 VL - 32 IS - 3-4 SP - 231 EP - 243 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapp, A. A1 - Beissenhirtz, Moritz Karl A1 - Geyer, F. A1 - Scheller, F. A1 - Viezzoli, Maria Silvia A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Electrochemical and sensorial behavior of SOD mutants immobilized on gold electrodes in aqueous/organic solvent mixtures JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - A cysteine mutant of a monomeric human Cu, Zn-SOD (Glycine 61, Serine 142) has been immobilized directly on gold electrodes using the thiol groups introduced. The electrochemical behavior of the surface confined protein was studied in mixtures of aqueous buffer and DMSO up to an organic solvent content of 60%. The formal potential was found to be rather independent of the DMSO content. However, half peak width increased and the redoxactive amount clearly decreased with raising DMSO content. In addition, the kinetics of the heterogeneous electron transfer became slower; but still a quasireversible electrochemical conversion of the mutant SOD was feasible. Thus, the electrodes were applied for sensorial superoxide detection. At a potential of +220 mV vs. Ag/AgCl advantage was taken of the partial oxidation reaction of the enzyme. A defined superoxide signal was obtained in solutions up to 40% DMSO. The sensitivity of the mutant electrodes decreased linearly with the organic solvent content in solution but was still higher compared to conventional cyt.c based sensors. At DMSO concentrations higher than 40% no sensor response was detected. KW - SOD KW - mutants KW - gold electrodes KW - DMSO KW - electrochemistry Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603620 SN - 1040-0397 VL - 18 SP - 1909 EP - 1915 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Feldmeier, Achim A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer T1 - High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of bright O-type stars JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Archival X-ray spectra of the four prominent single, non-magnetic O stars zeta Pup, zeta Ori, xi Per and zeta Oph, obtained in high resolution with Chandra HETGS/MEG have been studied. The resolved X-ray emission line profiles provide information about the shocked, hot gas which emits the X-radiation, and about the bulk of comparably cool stellar wind material which partly absorbs this radiation. In this paper, we synthesize X-ray line profiles with a model of a clumpy stellar wind. We find that the geometrical shape of the wind inhomogeneities is important: better agreement with the observations can be achieved with radially compressed clumps than with spherical clumps. The parameters of the model, i.e. chemical abundances, stellar radius, mass-loss rate and terminal wind velocity, are taken from existing analyses of UV and optical spectra of the programme stars. On this basis, we also calculate the continuum-absorption coefficient of the cool-wind material, using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (POWR) model atmosphere code. The radial location of X-ray emitting gas is restricted from analysing the FIR line ratios of helium-like ions. The only remaining free parameter of our model is the typical distance between the clumps; here, we assume that at any point in the wind there is one clump passing by per one dynamical time-scale of the wind. The total emission in a model line is scaled to the observation. There is a good agreement between synthetic and observed line profiles. We conclude that the X-ray emission line profiles in O stars can be explained by hot plasma embedded in a cool wind which is highly clumped in the form of radially compressed shell fragments. KW - stars : individual : zeta Pup KW - stars : individual : zeta Ori KW - stars : individual : xi Per KW - stars : individual : zeta Oph KW - X-rays : stars Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10858.x SN - 0035-8711 VL - 372 SP - 313 EP - 326 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riesch, Rüdiger A1 - Schlupp, Ingo A1 - Tobler, Michael A1 - Plath, Martin T1 - Reduction of the association preference for conspecifics in cave-dwelling Atlantic mollies, Poecilia mexicana JF - Behavioral ecology and sociobiology N2 - Cave animals are widely recognised as model organisms to study regressive evolutionary processes like the reduction of eyes. In this paper, we report on the regressive evolution of species discrimination in the cave molly, Poecilia mexicana, which, unlike other cave fishes, still has functional eyes. This allowed us to examine the response to both visual and non-visual cues involved in species discrimination. When surface-dwelling females were given a chance to associate with either a conspecific or a swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) female, they strongly preferred the conspecific female both when multiple cues and when solely visual cues were available to the female. No association preference was observed when only non-visual cues were provided. In contrast, cave-dwelling females showed no preference under all testing conditions, suggesting that species recognition mechanisms have been reduced. We discuss the role of species discrimination in relation to habitat differences. KW - cave fish KW - Poeciliidae KW - Xiphophorus KW - shoaling KW - species recognition Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0223-z SN - 0340-5443 VL - 60 SP - 794 EP - 802 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Graefener, G. A1 - Liermann, A. T1 - The galactic WN stars - Spectral analyses with line-blanketed model atmospheres versus stellar evolution models with and without rotation JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. Very massive stars pass through the Wolf-Rayet (WR) stage before they finally explode. Details of their evolution have not yet been safely established, and their physics are not well understood. Their spectral analysis requires adequate model atmospheres, which have been developed step by step during the past decades and account in their recent version for line blanketing by the millions of lines from iron and iron-group elements. However, only very few WN stars have been re-analyzed by means of line-blanketed models yet. Aims. The quantitative spectral analysis of a large sample of Galactic WN stars with the most advanced generation of model atmospheres should provide an empirical basis for various studies about the origin, evolution, and physics of the Wolf-Rayet stars and their powerful winds. Methods. We analyze a large sample of Galactic WN stars by means of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres, which account for iron line blanketing and clumping. The results are compared with a synthetic population, generated from the Geneva tracks for massive star evolution. Results. We obtain a homogeneous set of stellar and atmospheric parameters for the GalacticWN stars, partly revising earlier results. Conclusions. Comparing the results of our spectral analyses of the Galactic WN stars with the predictions of the Geneva evolutionary calculations, we conclude that there is rough qualitative agreement. However, the quantitative discrepancies are still severe, and there is no preference for the tracks that account for the effects of rotation. It seems that the evolution of massive stars is still not satisfactorily understood. KW - stars : mass-loss KW - stars : winds, outflows KW - stars : Wolf-Rayet KW - stars : atmospheres KW - stars : early-type KW - stars : evolution Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065052 SN - 0004-6361 VL - 457 IS - 3 SP - 1015 EP - 1031 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Ada Lizbeth A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Koebnick, Corinna A1 - Eulenberger, Klaus A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Great apes show highly selective plasma carotenoids and have physiologically high plasma retinyl esters compared to humans JF - American journal of physical anthropology N2 - Great apes are the closest living relatives of humans. Physiological similarities between great apes and humans provide clues to identify which biological features in humans are primitive or derived from great apes. Vitamin A (VA) and carotenoid metabolism have been only partially studied in great apes, and comparisons between great apes and humans are not available. We aimed to investigate VA and carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations in great apes living in captivity, and to compare them to healthy humans. Dietary intakes of humans (n = 20) and, among the great apes, chimpanzees (n = 15) and orangutans (n = 5) were calculated. Plasma retinol (ROH), retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl esters, and major carotenoids were analyzed. The great ape diet was higher in VA than in humans, due to high intake of provitamin A carotenoids. Plasma ROH concentrations in great apes were similar to those in humans, but retinyl esters were higher in great apes than in humans. Differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations were observed between great apes and humans. Lutein was the main carotenoid in great apes, while P-carotene was the main carotenoid for humans. RBP concentrations did not differ between great apes and humans. The molar ratio of ROH to RBP was close to 1.0 in both great apes and humans. In conclusion, great apes show homeostatic ROH regulation, with high but physiological retinyl esters circulating in plasma. Furthermore, great apes show great selectivity in their plasmatic carotenoid concentration, which is not explained by dietary intake. KW - vitamin A KW - diet KW - retinol-binding protein KW - chimpanzee KW - orangutan Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20428 SN - 0002-9483 VL - 131 IS - 2 SP - 236 EP - 242 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Charlet, Francois A1 - Echtler, Helmut P. A1 - De Batist, Marc T1 - Incipient axial collapse of the Main Cordillera and strain partitioning gradient between the central and Patagonian Andes, Lago Laja, Chile JF - Tectonics N2 - Lago Laja is a late Quaternary volcanic‐dammed lake located near the drainage divide of the south central Andes. Field observations, lake reflection seismic profiles, bathymetry, and remote sensing data reveal an active fault system that runs parallel to the volcanic arc along the axis of the Main Cordillera, the Lago Laja fault system (LLFS). Normal faults of this extensional system cut late Pleistocene volcanics, <7.1 ka still water lacustrine sediments, 6.3 ka pyroclastic deposits, and Holocene alluvial fans. We divide the LLFS in three segments on the basis of fault geometry, width, and slip magnitude. The underwater faults of the central segment in the lake's deepest part have the maximum Holocene vertical slip rate of >2.7 mm/yr. Since 7.1 ka, the LLFS accounts for ∼0.7% of arc‐normal extension at an average minimum rate of 1.2 mm/yr and strain rate of ∼10−14 s−1. Seismites and surface ruptures evidence M>6 paleoearthquakes. The Main Cordillera at ∼37°S is a large‐scale pop‐up structure uplifted by thrusting along its foothills. In this light, we interpret extension in the axial and highest part of the Andes as incipient synorogenic gravitational collapse in response to uplift and crustal thickening. Thermal weakening due to elevated heat flow and postglacial lithospheric rebound and unbending have probably contributed to the arc‐limited collapse and Holocene acceleration of deformation rates. The lack of significant strike‐slip offsets along the LLFS as well as along both foothills‐thrust systems at 37°S contrasts with the intra‐arc dextral fault zone south of 38°S. Regional structural data indicates that north of 38°S, diffusely distributed strain reflects low partitioning of oblique subduction, while to the south deformation is localized in a discrete strike‐slip fault zone along the volcanic arc, reflecting a higher degree of partitioning. We relate this strain partitioning gradient to favorable fault orientations in the fore arc north of the Arauco Peninsula, a major seismotectonic boundary. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001918 SN - 0278-7407 VL - 25 IS - 5 PB - Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Quantum dynamical approach to ultrafast molecular desorption from surfaces JF - Chemical reviews Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0501691 SN - 0009-2665 SN - 1520-6890 VL - 106 IS - 10 SP - 4116 EP - 4159 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Note, Carine A1 - Koetz, Joachim A1 - Kosmella, Sabine T1 - Structural changes in poly(ethyleneimine) modified microemulsion JF - Journal of colloid and interface science N2 - The influence of branched poly(ethyleneimine) on the phase behavior of the system sodium dodecylsulfate/toluene-pentanol (1:1)/water has been studied. The isotropic microemulsions still exist when water is replaced with aqueous solutions of PEI (up to 30% in weight), but their stability is significantly influenced. From a polymer concentration of 20 wt%, the polymer enhances the solubilization of water in oil, changes the sign of the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant film, and induces an inversion of the microemulsion type from water-in-oil (L-2) to oil-in-water (L-1), by the formation of a bicontinuous channel. Further investigations show that the addition of polymer in the L-2 phase changes the droplet-droplet interactions as the conductivity drops and the percolation disappears. In the bicontinuous channel, higher viscosities can be detected, as well as a weak percolation followed by a steep increase of the conductivity, which can be related to evident structural changes in the system. DSC measurements allow then to follow the changes of the water properties in the system, from interfacial-water in the L-2 phase to free-water in the sponge-like phase. Finally, all the measurements performed permit to characterize the structural transitions in the system and to understand the role of the added polymer. KW - polyelectrolyte KW - microemulsion KW - bicontinuous phase Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.06.071 SN - 0021-9797 VL - 302 SP - 662 EP - 668 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlik, Andreas H. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Control of oscillators coherence by multiple delayed feedback JF - Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics N2 - We demonstrate that a multiple delayed feedback is a powerful tool to control coherence properties of autonomous self-sustained oscillators. We derive the equation for the phase dynamics in presence of noise and delay, and analyze it analytically. In Gaussian approximation a closed set of equations for the frequency and the diffusion constant is obtained. Solutions of these equations are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations. KW - phase diffusion KW - delayed feedback KW - control Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2006.05.013 SN - 0375-9601 VL - 358 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 185 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Xiao Hui A1 - Jaiser, Frank A1 - Stiller, Burkhard A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Galbrecht, Frank A1 - Scherf, Ullrich T1 - Efficient polymer electrophosphoreseent devices with interfacial layers JF - Advanced functional materials N2 - It is shown that several polymers can form insoluble interfacial layers on a poly (ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer after annealing of the double-layer structure. The thickness of the interlayer is dependent on the characteristics of the underlying PEDOT.PSS and the molecular weight of the polymers. It is further shown that the electronic structures of the interlayer polymers have a significant effect on the properties of red-light-emitting polymer-based electrophosphorescent devices. Upon increasing the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital positions, a significant increase in current density and device efficiency is observed. This is attributed to efficient blocking of electrons in combination with direct injection of holes from the interlayer to the phosphorescent dye. Upon proper choice of the interlayer polymer, efficient red, polymer-based electrophosphorescent devices with a peak luminance efficiency of 5.5 cd A(-1) (external quantum efficiency = 6 %) and a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 5 Im W-1 can be realized. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500834 SN - 1616-301X SN - 1616-3028 VL - 16 IS - 16 SP - 2156 EP - 2162 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Birger A1 - Wagner, Jürgen A1 - Zentel, Rudolf T1 - Fabrication of robust high-quality ORMOCER (R) inverse opals JF - Macromolecular rapid communications N2 - The nanostructuring of ORMOCER (R) to form inverse opals is described. For this purpose a polymer opal is used as a template and infiltrated with liquid ORMOCER (R). After photopolymerization of the resin the host opal is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and an ORMOCER (R) inverse opal is obtained. It shows excellent periodicity (by SEM) and optical properties to reveal a high degree of face centered cubic order. This replication process leads to a nanostructured photonic crystal with the outstanding mechanical properties of ORMOCER (R) and high temperature stability up to 350 degrees C. KW - colloids KW - inverse opals KW - ORMOCER (R) KW - photonic crystal KW - self-assembly Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600429 SN - 1022-1336 VL - 27 SP - 1746 EP - 1751 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baptista, Murilo da Silva A1 - Grebogi, Celso A1 - Koberle, Roland T1 - Dynamically multilayered visual system of the multifractal fly JF - Physical review letters Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.178102 SN - 0031-9007 VL - 97 IS - 17 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Green, Antony Dubach T1 - The independence of phonology and morphology: The Celtic mutations JF - Lingua : international review of general linguistics N2 - One of the most important insights of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993) is that phonological processes can be reduced to the interaction between faithfulness and universal markedness principles. In the most constrained version of the theory, all phonological processes should be thus reducible. This hypothesis is tested by alternations that appear to be phonological but in which universal markedness principles appear to play no role. If we are to pursue the claim that all phonological processes depend on the interaction of faithfulness and markedness, then processes that are not dependent on markedness must lie outside phonology. In this paper I will examine a group of such processes, the initial consonant mutations of the Celtic languages, and argue that they belong entirely to the morphology of the languages, not the phonology. KW - Celtic mutations KW - word-based morphology KW - optimality theory Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2004.09.002 SN - 0024-3841 VL - 116 IS - 11 SP - 1946 EP - 1985 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - ten Freyhaus, Henrik A1 - Huntgeburth, Michael A1 - Winger, Kirstin A1 - Bäumer, Anselm T. A1 - Vantler, Marius A1 - Bekhite, Mohamed M. A1 - Wartenberg, Maria A1 - Sauer, Heinrich A1 - Sparwel, Jan A1 - Rosenkranz, Stephan T1 - Inhibition of ROS liberation attenuates PDGF-Dependent chemotaxis, but not proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells - Critical role of Src kinase T2 - Circulation : an American Heart Association journal Y1 - 2006 SN - 0009-7322 VL - 114 SP - 296 EP - 297 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Torjek, Otto A1 - Witucka-Wall, Hanna A1 - Meyer, Rhonda C. A1 - von Korff, Maria A1 - Kusterer, Barbara A1 - Rautengarten, Carsten A1 - Altmann, Thomas T1 - Segregation distortion in Arabidopsis C24/Col-0 and Col-0/C24 recombinant inbred line populations is due to reduced fertility caused by epistatic interaction of two loci JF - Theoretical and applied genetics N2 - A new large set of reciprocal recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was created between the Arabidopsis accessions Col-0 and C24 for quantitative trait mapping approaches, consisting of 209 Col-0 x C24 and 214 C24 x Col-0 F-7 RI lines. Genotyping was performed using 110 evenly distributed framework single nucleotide polymorphism markers, yielding a genetic map of 425.70 cM, with an average interval of 3.87 cM. Segregation distortion (SD) was observed in several genomic regions during the construction of the genetic map. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed an association between a distorted region at the bottom of chromosome V and a non-distorted region on chromosome IV. A detailed analysis of the RILs for these two regions showed that an SD occurred when homozygous Col-0 alleles on chromosome IV coincided with homozygous C24 alleles at the bottom of chromosome V. Using nearly isogenic lines segregating for the distorted region we confirmed that this genotypic composition leads to reduced fertility and fitness. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0402-3 SN - 0040-5752 VL - 113 SP - 1551 EP - 1561 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hobbhahn, Nina A1 - Küchmeister, Heike A1 - Porembski, Stefan T1 - Pollination biology of mass flowering terrestrial Utricularia species (Lentibulariaceae) in the Indian Western Ghats JF - Plant biology N2 - The pollination biology of three mass flowering Utricularia species of the Indian Western Ghats, U. albocaerulea, U. purpurascens, and U. reticulata, was studied for the first time by extensive observation of flower visitors, pollination experiments, and nectar analyses. The ephemerality of the Utricularia habitats on lateritic plateaus, weather conditions adverse to insects, lack of observations of flower visitors to other Utricularia spp., and the predominance of at least. facultative autogamy in the few Utricularia species studied so far suggested that an autogamous breeding system is the common case in the genus. In contrast, we showed that the studied populations are incapable of autonomous selfing, or that it is an event of negligible rarity, although P/O was similarily low as in autogamous species investigated by other authors. In all three species the spatial arrangement of the reproductive organs makes an insect vector necessary for pollen transfer between and within flowers. However, U. purpurascens and U. reticulata are highly self-compatible, which allows for visitor-mediated auto-selfing and geitonogamy on inflorescence and clone level. Floral nectar is present in extremely small volumes in all three species, but sugar concentrations are high. More than 50 species of bees, butterflies, moths, hawk moths, and clipterans were observed to visit the flowers, and flower morphology facilitated pollination by all observed visitors. The results are discussed in the context of the phenological characteristics of the studied species, especially the phenomenon of mass flowering, and the environmental conditions of their habitats. KW - Lentibulariaceae KW - Utricularia KW - mass flowering KW - carnivory KW - India KW - Western Ghats KW - pollination Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924566 SN - 1435-8603 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 791 EP - 804 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER -