TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical  Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O'C.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, Markus
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J-P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C-C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P-O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schuessler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spiess, F.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J-P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - Weidinger, M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H-S.
T1  - Constraints on axionlike particles with HESS from the irregularity of the PKS 2155-304 energy spectrum
JF  - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
N2  - Axionlike particles (ALPs) are hypothetical light (sub-eV) bosons predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. In astrophysical environments comprising high-energy gamma rays and turbulent magnetic fields, the existence of ALPs can modify the energy spectrum of the gamma rays for a sufficiently large coupling between ALPs and photons. This modification would take the form of an irregular behavior of the energy spectrum in a limited energy range. Data from the H. E. S. S. observations of the distant BL Lac object PKS 2155 - 304 (z = 0.116) are used to derive upper limits at the 95% C. L. on the strength of the ALP coupling to photons, g(gamma a) < 2.1 x 10(-11) GeV-1 for an ALP mass between 15 and 60 neV. The results depend on assumptions on the magnetic field around the source, which are chosen conservatively. The derived constraints apply to both light pseudoscalar and scalar bosons that couple to the electromagnetic field.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.102003
SN  - 1550-7998
SN  - 1550-2368
VL  - 88
IS  - 10
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Acero, F.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bochow, A.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Drury, L. O&rsquo
A1  - C., 
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Fallon, L.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Gast, H.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Glueck, B.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hague, J. D.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Hampf, D.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinz, S.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kossakowski, R.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Masbou, J.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Medina, M. C.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - Naumann-Godo, M.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Nedbal, D.
A1  - Nguyen, N.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Ripken, J.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skilton, J. L.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
A1  - Pelat, D.
T1  - Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 and derivation of
 an upper limit on its redshift
JF  - ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
N2  - Very high-energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 was detected with the H. E. S. S. Cherenkov telescope array in December 2009. This blazar is one of the brightest extragalactic objects in the Fermi bright source list and has a hard spectrum in the MeV to GeV range. In the TeV range, a photon index of 3.89 +/- 0.37 (stat) +/- 0.22 (sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV, phi(1) (TeV) = (3.5 +/- 1.1(stat) +/- 0.9(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 were found. The detection with H. E. S. S. triggered observations in the X-ray band with the Swift and RXTE telescopes. Simultaneous UV and optical data from Swift UVOT and data from the optical telescopes ATOM and ROTSE are also available. The spectrum and light curve measured with H. E. S. S. are presented and compared to the multi-wavelength data at lower energies. A rapid flare is seen in the Swift XRT and RXTE data, together with a flux variation in the UV band, at a time scale of the order of one day. A firm upper limit of z < 0.59 on the redshift of PKS 0447-439 is derived from the combined Fermi-LAT and H. E. S. S. data, given the assumptions that there is no upturn in the intrinsic spectrum above the Fermi-LAT energy range and that absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL) is not weaker than the lower limit provided by current models. The spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, if the redshift of the source is less than z less than or similar to 0.4.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0447-439
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321108
SN  - 0004-6361
VL  - 552
IS  - 4
PB  - EDP SCIENCES S A
CY  - LES ULIS CEDEX A
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Acharya, B. S.
A1  - Actis, M.
A1  - Aghajani, T.
A1  - Agnetta, G.
A1  - Aguilar, J.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Ajello, M.
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Alcubierre, M.
A1  - Aleksic, J.
A1  - Alfaro, R.
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Allafort, A. J.
A1  - Allan, D.
A1  - Allekotte, I.
A1  - Amato, E.
A1  - Anderson, J.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Antonelli, L. A.
A1  - Antoranz, P.
A1  - Aravantinos, A.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Armstrong, T.
A1  - Arnaldi, H.
A1  - Arrabito, L.
A1  - Asano, K.
A1  - Ashton, T.
A1  - Asorey, H. G.
A1  - Awane, Y.
A1  - Baba, H.
A1  - Babic, A.
A1  - Baby, N.
A1  - Baehr, J.
A1  - Bais, A.
A1  - Baixeras, C.
A1  - Bajtlik, S.
A1  - Balbo, M.
A1  - Balis, D.
A1  - Balkowski, C.
A1  - Bamba, A.
A1  - Bandiera, R.
A1  - Barber, A.
A1  - Barbier, C.
A1  - Barcelo, M.
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Barnstedt, Jürgen
A1  - Barres de Almeida, U.
A1  - Barrio, J. A.
A1  - Basili, A.
A1  - Basso, S.
A1  - Bastieri, D.
A1  - Bauer, C.
A1  - Baushev, Anton N.
A1  - Becerra Gonzalez, J.
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Bechtol, K. C.
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Beckmann, Volker
A1  - Bednarek, W.
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Belluso, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Berdugo, J.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Bernard, F.
A1  - Bernardino, T.
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Bhat, N.
A1  - Bhattacharyya, S.
A1  - Bigongiari, C.
A1  - Biland, A.
A1  - Billotta, S.
A1  - Bird, T.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Bitossi, M.
A1  - Blake, S.
A1  - Blanch Bigas, O.
A1  - Blasi, P.
A1  - Bobkov, A. A.
A1  - Boccone, V.
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Bogacz, L.
A1  - Bogart, J.
A1  - Bogdan, M.
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Boix Gargallo, J.
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bonanno, G.
A1  - Bonardi, A.
A1  - Bonev, T.
A1  - Bonifacio, P.
A1  - Bonnoli, G.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Borgland, A. W.
A1  - Borkowski, Janett
A1  - Bose, R.
A1  - Botner, O.
A1  - Bottani, A.
A1  - Bouchet, L.
A1  - Bourgeat, M.
A1  - Boutonnet, C.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Brau-Nogue, S.
A1  - Braun, I.
A1  - Bretz, T.
A1  - Briggs, M. S.
A1  - Bringmann, T.
A1  - Brook, P.
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Brunetti, L.
A1  - Buanes, T.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Buehler, R.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Bulgarelli, A.
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Busetto, G.
A1  - Buson, S.
A1  - Byrum, K.
A1  - Cailles, M.
A1  - Cameron, R. A.
A1  - Camprecios, J.
A1  - Canestrari, R.
A1  - Cantu, S.
A1  - Capalbi, M.
A1  - Caraveo, P. A.
A1  - Carmona, E.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Carr, John
A1  - Carton, P. H.
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Casiraghi, M.
A1  - Catalano, O.
A1  - Cavazzani, S.
A1  - Cazaux, S.
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chabanne, E.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Champion, C.
A1  - Chen, Andrew
A1  - Chiang, J.
A1  - Chiappetti, L.
A1  - Chikawa, M.
A1  - Chitnis, V. R.
A1  - Chollet, F.
A1  - Chudoba, J.
A1  - Cieslar, M.
A1  - Cillis, A. N.
A1  - Cohen-Tanugi, J.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Colin, P.
A1  - Calome, J.
A1  - Colonges, S.
A1  - Compin, M.
A1  - Conconi, P.
A1  - Conforti, V.
A1  - Connaughton, V.
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Contreras, J. L.
A1  - Coppi, P.
A1  - Corona, P.
A1  - Corti, D.
A1  - Cortina, J.
A1  - Cossio, L.
A1  - Costantini, H.
A1  - Cotter, G.
A1  - Courty, B.
A1  - Couturier, S.
A1  - Covino, S.
A1  - Crimi, G.
A1  - Criswell, S. J.
A1  - Croston, J.
A1  - Cusumano, G.
A1  - Dafonseca, M.
A1  - Dale, O.
A1  - Daniel, M.
A1  - Darling, J.
A1  - Davids, I.
A1  - Dazzi, F.
A1  - De Angelis, A.
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A1  - Thuermann, D.
A1  - Tibaldo, L.
A1  - Tibolla, O.
A1  - Tiengo, A.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Todero Peixoto, C. J.
A1  - Tokanai, F.
A1  - Tokarz, M.
A1  - Toma, K.
A1  - Torii, K.
A1  - Tornikoski, M.
A1  - Torres, D. F.
A1  - Torres, M.
A1  - Tosti, G.
A1  - Totani, T.
A1  - Toussenel, C.
A1  - Tovmassian, G.
A1  - Travnicek, P.
A1  - Trifoglio, M.
A1  - Troyano, I.
A1  - Tsinganos, K.
A1  - Ueno, H.
A1  - Umehara, K.
A1  - Upadhya, S. S.
A1  - Usher, T.
A1  - Uslenghi, M.
A1  - Valdes-Galicia, J. F.
A1  - Vallania, P.
A1  - Vallejo, G.
A1  - van Driel, W.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vandenbrouke, J.
A1  - Vanderwalt, J.
A1  - Vankov, H.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Vassiliev, V.
A1  - Veberic, D.
A1  - Vegas, I.
A1  - Vercellone, S.
A1  - Vergani, S.
A1  - Veyssiere, C.
A1  - Vialle, J. P.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Videla, M.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Vlahakis, N.
A1  - Vlahos, L.
A1  - Vogler, P.
A1  - Vollhardt, A.
A1  - von Gunten, H. P.
A1  - Vorobiov, S.
A1  - Vuerli, C.
A1  - Waegebaert, V.
A1  - Wagner, R.
A1  - Wagner, R. G.
A1  - Wagner, S.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Walter, R.
A1  - Walther, T.
A1  - Warda, K.
A1  - Warwick, R.
A1  - Wawer, P.
A1  - Wawrzaszek, R.
A1  - Webb, N.
A1  - Wegner, P.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Werner, M.
A1  - Wetteskind, H.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wiesand, S.
A1  - Wilkinson, M.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Willingale, R.
A1  - Winiarski, K.
A1  - Wischnewski, R.
A1  - Wisniewski, L.
A1  - Wood, M.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Xiong, Q.
A1  - Yadav, K. K.
A1  - Yamamoto, H.
A1  - Yamamoto, T.
A1  - Yamazaki, R.
A1  - Yanagita, S.
A1  - Yebras, J. M.
A1  - Yelos, D.
A1  - Yoshida, A.
A1  - Yoshida, T.
A1  - Yoshikoshi, T.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Zdziarski, A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zhao, A.
A1  - Zhou, X.
A1  - Zietara, K.
A1  - Ziolkowski, J.
A1  - Ziolkowski, P.
A1  - Zitelli, V.
A1  - Zurbach, C.
A1  - Zychowski, P.
T1  - Introducing the CTA concept
T2  - Astroparticle physics
N2  - The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project.
KW  - TeV gamma-ray astronomy
KW  - Air showers
KW  - Cherenkov Telescopes
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.007
SN  - 0927-6505
SN  - 1873-2852
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
SP  - 3
EP  - 18
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adelsberger, Joseph
A1  - Grillo, Isabelle
A1  - Kulkarni, Amit
A1  - Sharp, Melissa
A1  - Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
T1  - Kinetics of aggregation in micellar solutions of thermoresponsive triblock copolymers - influence of concentration, start and target temperatures
JF  - Soft matter
N2  - In aqueous solution, symmetric triblock copolymers with a thermoresponsive middle block and hydrophobic end blocks form flower-like core-shell micelles which collapse and aggregate upon heating through the cloud point (CP). The collapse of the micellar shell and the intermicellar aggregation are followed in situ and in real-time using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), while heating micellar solutions of a poly((styrene-d(8))-b-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-b-(styrene-d(8))) triblock copolymer in D2O rapidly through their CP. The influence of polymer concentration as well as of the start and target temperatures is addressed. In all cases, the micellar collapse is very fast. The collapsed micelles immediately form small clusters which contain voids. They densify which slows down or even stops their growth. For low concentrations and target temperatures just above the CP, i.e. shallow temperature jumps, the subsequent growth of the clusters is described by diffusion-limited aggregation. In contrast, for higher concentrations and/or higher target temperatures, i.e. deep temperature jumps, intermicellar bridges dominate the growth. Eventually, in all cases, the clusters coagulate which results in macroscopic phase separation. For shallow temperature jumps, the cluster surfaces stay rough; whereas for deep temperature jumps, a concentration gradient develops at late stages. These results are important for the development of conditions for thermal switching in applications, e.g. for the use of thermoresponsive micellar systems for transport and delivery purposes.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27152d
SN  - 1744-683X
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
SP  - 1685
EP  - 1699
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Adhikari, Rishi Ram
T1  - Quantification of total microbial biomass and metabolic activity in subsurface sediments
T1  - Quantification of total microbial biomass and metabolic activity in subsurface sediments
N2  - Metabolically active microbial communities are present in a wide range of subsurface environments. Techniques like enumeration of microbial cells, activity measurements with radiotracer assays and the analysis of porewater constituents are currently being used to explore the subsurface biosphere, alongside with molecular biological analyses. However, many of these techniques reach their detection limits due to low microbial activity and abundance. Direct measurements of microbial turnover not just face issues of insufficient sensitivity, they only provide information about a single specific process but in sediments many different process can occur simultaneously. Therefore, the development of a new technique to measure total microbial activity would be a major improvement. A new tritium-based hydrogenase-enzyme assay appeared to be a promising tool to quantify total living biomass, even in low activity subsurface environments. In this PhD project total microbial biomass and microbial activity was quantified in different subsurface sediments using established techniques (cell enumeration and pore water geochemistry) as well as a new tritium-based hydrogenase enzyme assay. By using a large database of our own cell enumeration data from equatorial Pacific and north Pacific sediments and published data it was shown that the global geographic distribution of subseafloor sedimentary microbes varies between sites by 5 to 6 orders of magnitude and correlates with the sedimentation rate and distance from land. Based on these correlations, global subseafloor biomass was estimated to be 4.1 petagram-C and ~0.6 % of Earth's total living biomass, which is significantly lower than previous estimates. Despite the massive reduction in biomass the subseafloor biosphere is still an important player in global biogeochemical cycles. To understand the relationship between microbial activity, abundance and organic matter flux into the sediment an expedition to the equatorial Pacific upwelling area and the north Pacific Gyre was carried out. Oxygen respiration rates in subseafloor sediments from the north Pacific Gyre, which are deposited at sedimentation rates of 1 mm per 1000 years, showed that microbial communities could survive for millions of years without fresh supply of organic carbon. Contrary to the north Pacific Gyre oxygen was completely depleted within the upper few millimeters to centimeters in sediments of the equatorial upwelling region due to a higher supply of organic matter and higher metabolic activity. So occurrence and variability of electron acceptors over depth and sites make the subsurface a complex environment for the quantification of total microbial activity. Recent studies showed that electron acceptor processes, which were previously thought to thermodynamically exclude each other can occur simultaneously. So in many cases a simple measure of the total microbial activity would be a better and more robust solution than assays for several specific processes, for example sulfate reduction rates or methanogenesis. Enzyme or molecular assays provide a more general approach as they target key metabolic compounds. Since hydrogenase enzymes are ubiquitous in microbes, the recently developed tritium-based hydrogenase radiotracer assay is applied to quantify hydrogenase enzyme activity as a parameter of total living cell activity. Hydrogenase enzyme activity was measured in sediments from different locations (Lake Van, Barents Sea, Equatorial Pacific and Gulf of Mexico). In sediment samples that contained nitrate, we found the lowest cell specific enzyme activity around 10^(-5) nmol H_(2) cell^(-1) d^(-1). With decreasing energy yield of the electron acceptor used, cell-specific hydrogenase activity increased and maximum values of up to 1 nmol H_(2) cell^(-1) d^(-1) were found in samples with methane concentrations of >10 ppm. Although hydrogenase activity cannot be converted directly into a turnover rate of a specific process, cell-specific activity factors can be used to identify specific metabolism and to quantify the metabolically active microbial population. In another study on sediments from the Nankai Trough microbial abundance and hydrogenase activity data show that both the habitat and the activity of subseafloor sedimentary microbial communities have been impacted by seismic activities. An increase in hydrogenase activity near the fault zone revealed that the microbial community was supplied with hydrogen as an energy source and that the microbes were specialized to hydrogen metabolism.
N2  - Mikrobielle Gesellschaften und ihre aktiven Stoffwechselprozesse treten in einer Vielzahl von Sedimenten unterschiedlichster Herkunft auf. In der Erforschung dieser tiefen Biosphäre werden derzeit Techniken wie Zellzählungen, Aktivitätsmessungen mit Radiotracer-Versuchen und Analysen der Porenwasserzusammensetzung angewendet, darüber hinaus auch molekularbiologische Analysen. Viele dieser Methoden stoßen an ihre Nachweisgrenze, wenn Sedimente mit geringer Zelldichte und mikrobieller Aktivität untersucht werden. Bei der Untersuchung von Stoffwechselprozessen mit herkömmlichen Techniken kommt dazu, dass von mehreren Prozessen, die zeitgleich ablaufen können, jeweils nur einer erfasst wird. Deswegen wäre die Entwicklung einer neuartigen Messtechnik für die gesamte mikrobielle Aktivität ein wesentlicher Fortschritt für die Erforschung der tiefen Biosphäre. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um die gesamte lebende Biomasse auch in Proben mit geringer Aktivität zu bestimmen, ist eine Hydrogenase-Enzym-Versuchsanordnung mit Tritium als quantifizierbarer Messgröße. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurde die gesamte mikrobielle Biomasse und Aktivität von unterschiedlichen Sedimentproben einerseits mit herkömmlichen Methoden (Zellzählungen, Analyse der Porenwasserzusammensetzung) als auch mit einer neu entwickelten Hydrogenase-Enzym-Versuchsanordnung quantifiziert. Mit einer großen Anzahl eigener Zellzählungsdaten von Sedimenten aus dem Äquatorialpazifik und dem Nordpazifik und ergänzenden publizierten Daten konnte gezeigt werden, dass Zellzahlen sich in ihrer globalen geographischen Verteilung je nach Bohrlokation um 5 bis 6 Größenordnungen unterscheiden. Dabei bestehen Korrelationen zur Sedimentationsrate und zur Entfernung zum Land, mit deren Hilfe sich die Gesamtbiomasse in Tiefseesedimenten zu 4,1 Petagramm-C abschätzen lässt. Das entspricht ~0,6 % der Gesamtbiomasse der Erde und ist damit erheblich weniger als in früheren Schätzungen angegeben. Trotz der Korrektur auf diesen Wert spielt die Biomasse der tiefen Biosphäre weiterhin eine erhebliche Rolle in biogeochemischen Kreisläufen. Um die Zusammenhänge zwischen Aktivität der Mikroben, der Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens und Zustrom von organischem Material zu verstehen, wurde eine Expedition ins Auftriebsgebiet des Äquatorialpazifiks und zum nordpazifischen Wirbel durchgeführt. Daten der Sauerstoffaufnahme in Sedimenten des nordpazifischen Wirbels, die mit Sedimentationsraten von 1 mm pro 1000 Jahren abgelagert werden, zeigen, dass mikrobielle Gesellschaften über Millionen von Jahren ohne Zufuhr von frischem organischen Kohlenstoff überleben konnten. Im Gegensatz zum nordpazifischen Wirbel wird in Sedimenten des äquatorialpazifischen Auftriebsgebiets Sauerstoff bei höherer mikrobieller Aktivität und Verfügbarkeit organischer Verbindungen oberflächennah in den ersten Milli- bis Zentimetern komplett umgesetzt. Auftreten und Variabilität von Elektronenakzeptoren nach Tiefe und Bohrlokation machen die tiefe Biosphäre zu einer komplexen Umgebung für die Quantifizierung der gesamten mikrobiellen Aktivität. Aktuelle Studien zeigen das verschiedene Elektronenakzeptorprozesse gleichzeitig ablaufen können, obwohl man bisher davon ausgegangen war, dass diese sich thermodynamisch ausschließen. In vielen Fällen wäre also eine einfache Methode zur Messung der gesamten mikrobiellen Aktivität eine bessere und verlässlichere Lösung aktueller Analyseaufgaben als Messungen mehrerer Einzelprozesse wie beispielsweise Sulfatreduktion und Methanogenese. Enzym-oder Molekular-Versuchsanordnungen sind ein prozessumfassender Ansatz, weil hier Schlüsselkomponenten der Stoffwechselprozesse untersucht werden. Das Hydrogenase-Enzym ist eine solche Schlüsselkomponente und in Mikroben allgegenwärtig. Deshalb kann die Quantifizierung seiner Aktivität mit der neu entwickelten Hydrogenase-Enzym-Versuchsanordnung als Parameter für die gesamte mikrobielle Aktivität der lebenden Zellen verwendet werden. Hydrogenase-Aktivitäten wurden in Sedimenten unterschiedlicher Lokationen (Vansee, Barentssee, Äquatorialpazifik, und Golf von Mexico) gemessen. In Sedimentproben, die Nitrat enthielten, haben wir mit ca. 10^(-5) nmol H_(2) cell^(-1) d^(-1) die geringste zellspezifische Hydrogenase-Aktivität gefunden. Mit geringerem Energiegewinn des genutzten Elektronenakzeptors steigt die zellspezifische Hydrogenase-Aktivität. Maximalwerte von bis zu 1 nmol H_(2) cell^(-1) d^(-1) wurden in Sedimentproben mit >10 ppm Methankonzentration gefunden. Auch wenn die Hydrogenase-Aktivität nicht direkt in die Umsatzrate eines spezifischen Prozesses konvertierbar ist, können zellspezifische Aktivitätsfaktoren verwendet werden, um die metabolisch aktive Mikrobenpopulation zu quantifizieren. In einer weiteren Studie mit Sedimenten des Nankai-Grabens zeigen Daten der Zelldichte und der Hydrogenase-Aktivität einen Einfluss von seismischen Ereignissen auf Lebensraum und Aktivität der mikrobiellen Gesellschaften. Ein Anstieg der Hydrogenase-Aktivität nahe der Verwerfungszone machte deutlich, dass die mikrobiellen Gesellschaften mit Wasserstoff als Energiequelle versorgt wurden und dass die Mikroben auf einen Wasserstoff-Stoffwechsel spezialisiert waren.
KW  - Hydrogenase
KW  - Tritium Versuchsanordnung
KW  - Untergrunduntersuchung der Biosphäre
KW  - Hydrogenase
KW  - Tritium Assay
KW  - Subsurface Biosphere
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-67773
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aguzzi, Jacopo
A1  - Costa, C.
A1  - Ketmaier, V.
A1  - Angelini, C.
A1  - Antonucci, F.
A1  - Menesatti, P.
A1  - Company, J. B.
T1  - Light-dependent genetic and phenotypic differences in the squat lobster Munida tenuimana (Crustacea: Decapoda) along deep continental margins
JF  - Progress in oceanography
N2  - The levels of environmental light experienced by organisms during the behavioral activity phase deeply influence the performance of important ecological tasks. As a result, their shape and coloring may experience a light-driven selection process via the day-night rhythmic behavior. In this study, we tested the phenotypic and genetic variability of the western Mediterranean squat lobster (Munida tenuimana). We sampled at depths with different photic conditions and potentially, different burrow emergence rhythms. We performed day-night hauling at different depths, above and below the twilight zone end (i.e., 700 m, 1200 m, 1350 m, and 1500 m), to portray the occurrence of any burrow emergence rhythmicity. Collected animals were screened for shape and size (by geometric morphometry), spectrum and color variation (by photometric analysis), as well as for sequence variation at the mitochondria] DNA gene encoding for the NADH dehydrogenase subunit I. We found that a weak genetic structuring and shape homogeneity occurred together with significant variations in size, with the smaller individuals living at the twilight zone inferior limit and the larger individuals above and below. The infra-red wavelengths of spectral reflectance varied significantly with depth while the blue-green ones were size-dependent and expressed in smaller animals, which has a very small spectral reflectance. The effects of solar and bioluminescence lighting are discussed as depth-dependent evolutionary forces likely influencing the behavioral rhythms and coloring of M. tenuimana.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.011
SN  - 0079-6611
VL  - 118
IS  - 4
SP  - 199
EP  - 209
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Al-Saffar, Loay Talib Ahmed
T1  - Where girls the role of boys in CS - attitudes of CS students in a female-dominated environment
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 978-3-86956-220-9
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Albrecht, Alexander
T1  - Understanding and managing extract-transform-load systems
Y1  - 2013
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Albrecht, Torsten
T1  - A dynamic memory of fracture processes in ice shelves
Y1  - 2013
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ali, Mostafa
A1  - Homann, Thomas
A1  - Khalil, Mahmoud
A1  - Kruse, Hans-Peter
A1  - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal
T1  - Milk whey protein modification by coffee-specific phenolics effect on structural and functional properties
JF  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2  - A suitable vehicle for integration of bioactive plant constituents is proposed. It involves modification of proteins using phenolics and applying these for protection of labile constituents. It dissects the noncovalent and covalent interactions of beta-lactoglobulin with coffee-specific phenolics. Alkaline and polyphenol oxidase modulated covalent reactions were compared. Tryptic digestion combined with MALDI-TOF-MS provided tentative allocation of the modification type and site in the protein, and an in silico modeling of modified beta-lactoglobulin is proposed. The modification delivers proteins with enhanced antioxidative properties. Changed structural properties and differences in solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and emulsification were observed. The polyphenol oxidase modulated reaction provides a modified beta-lactoglobulin with a high antioxidative power, is thermally more stable, requires less energy to unfold, and, when emulsified with lutein esters, exhibits their higher stability against UV light. Thus, adaptation of this modification provides an innovative approach for functionalizing proteins and their uses in the food industry.
KW  - coffee phenolic compounds
KW  - whey proteins
KW  - antioxidants
KW  - protein-phenol interactions
KW  - modeling
KW  - functionalizing proteins
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402221m
SN  - 0021-8561
VL  - 61
IS  - 28
SP  - 6911
EP  - 6920
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Byrum, K.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Collins-Hughes, E.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dickherber, R.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, Simone
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nelson, T.
A1  - de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pichel, A.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Saxon, D. B.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Skole, C.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - Multiwavelenght observations and modeling of 1ES 1959+650 in a low flux state
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We report on the VERITAS observations of the high-frequency peaked BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 in the period 2007-2011. This source is detected at TeV energies by VERITAS at 16.4 standard deviation (sigma) significance in 7.6 hr of observation in a low flux state. A multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) is constructed from contemporaneous data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE PCA, and Swift UVOT. Swift XRT data is not included in the SED due to a lack of simultaneous observations with VERITAS. In contrast to the orphan gamma-ray flare exhibited by this source in 2002, the X-ray flux of the source is found to vary by an order of magnitude, while other energy regimes exhibit less variable emission. A quasi-equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model with an additional external radiation field is used to describe three SEDs corresponding to the lowest, highest, and average X-ray states. The variation in the X-ray spectrum is modeled by changing the electron injection spectral index, with minor adjustments of the kinetic luminosity in electrons. This scenario produces small-scale flux variability of the order of less than or similar to 2 in the high energy (E > 1MeV) and very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regimes, which is corroborated by the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and Whipple 10 m telescope light curves.
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1959+650=VER J1959+651)
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/3
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 775
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, Simone
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Fortin, P.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gerard, L.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nieto, D.
A1  - De Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Richards, G. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Saxon, D. B.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Skole, C.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Soares-Furtado, M.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tesic, G.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
A1  - Böttcher, Markus
A1  - Fumagalli, M.
A1  - Jadhav, J.
T1  - Long term observations of B2 1215+30 with veritas
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We report on VERITAS observations of the BL Lac object B2 1215+30 between 2008 and 2012. During this period, the source was detected at very high energies (VHEs; E > 100 GeV) by VERITAS with a significance of 8.9s and showed clear variability on timescales larger than months. In 2011, the source was found to be in a relatively bright state and a power-law fit to the differential photon spectrum yields a spectral index of 3.6 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.3(syst) with an integral flux above 200 GeV of (8.0 +/- 0.9(stat) +/- 3.2(syst)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). No short term variability could be detected during the bright state in 2011. Multi-wavelength data were obtained contemporaneously with the VERITAS observations in 2011 and cover optical (Super-LOTIS, MDM, Swift/UVOT), X-ray (Swift/XRT), and gamma-ray (Fermi-LAT) frequencies. These were used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of B2 1215+30. A one-zone leptonic model is used to model the blazar emission and the results are compared to those of MAGIC from early 2011 and other VERITAS-detected blazars. The SED can be reproduced well with model parameters typical for VHE-detected BL Lac objects.
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual (B2 1215+30, VER J1217+301)
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/92
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 779
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Collins-Hughes, E.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dickherber, R.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Dwarkadas, Vikram V.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, S.
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Godambe, S.
A1  - Gotthelf, E. V.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kargaltsev, O.
A1  - Karlsson, N.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Lee, K.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nelson, T.
A1  - de Bhroithe, A. O&rsquo
A1  - Faolain, 
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Roberts, M.
A1  - Saxon, D. B.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Slane, P.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tesic, G.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Thibadeau, S.
A1  - Tsurusaki, K.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Vivier, M.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - DISCOVERY OF TeV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM CTA 1 BY VERITAS
JF  - ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
N2  - We report the discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission coincident with the shell-type radio supernova remnant (SNR) CTA 1 using the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory. The source, VER J0006+729, was detected as a 6.5 standard deviation excess over background and shows an extended morphology, approximated by a two-dimensional Gaussian of semimajor (semiminor) axis 0.degrees 30 (0.degrees 24) and a centroid 5&rsquo; from the Fermi gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0007+7303 and its X-ray pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The photon spectrum is well described by a power-law dN/dE = N-0(E/3 TeV)(-Gamma), with a differential spectral index of Gamma = 2.2 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(sys), and normalization N-0 = (9.1 +/- 1.3(stat) +/- 1.7(sys)) x 10(-14) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1. The integral flux, F-gamma = 4.0 x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1) above 1 TeV, corresponds to 0.2% of the pulsar spin-down power at 1.4 kpc. The energetics, colocation with the SNR, and the relatively small extent of the TeV emission strongly argue for the PWN origin of the TeV photons. We consider the origin of the TeV emission in CTA 1.
KW  - gamma-rays: stars
KW  - pulsars: individual (PSR J0007+7303)
KW  - supernovae: individual (G119.5+10.2)
KW  - X-rays: individual (RX J0007.0+7303)
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/38
SN  - 0004-637X
VL  - 764
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP PUBLISHING LTD
CY  - BRISTOL
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chen, Xuhui
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, Simone
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Fortin, P.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Griffiths, S. T.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - de Bhroithe, A. O'Faolain
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Rajotte, J.
A1  - Ratliff, G.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Richards, G. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Skole, C.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - Multiwavelemght oservatons of the TeV binary LS I+61 degrees 303 with veritas, fermi-lat, and swift/XRT during a TeV outburst
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We present the results of a multiwavelength observational campaign on the TeV binary system LS I +61 degrees 303 with the VERITAS telescope array (>200 GeV), Fermi-LAT (0.3-300 GeV), and Swift/XRT (2-10 keV). The data were taken from 2011 December through 2012 January and show a strong detection in all three wavebands. During this period VERITAS obtained 24.9 hr of quality selected livetime data in which LS I +61 degrees 303 was detected at a statistical significance of 11.9 sigma. These TeV observations show evidence for nightly variability in the TeV regime at a post-trial significance of 3.6 sigma. The combination of the simultaneously obtained TeV and X-ray fluxes do not demonstrate any evidence for a correlation between emission in the two bands. For the first time since the launch of the Fermi satellite in 2008, this TeV detection allows the construction of a detailed MeV-TeV spectral energy distribution from LS I +61 degrees 303. This spectrum shows a distinct cutoff in emission near 4 GeV, with emission seen by the VERITAS observations following a simple power-law above 200 GeV. This feature in the spectrum of LS I +61 degrees 303, obtained from overlapping observations with Fermi-LAT and VERITAS, may indicate that there are two distinct populations of accelerated particles producing the GeV and TeV emission.
KW  - acceleration of particles
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - gamma rays: stars
KW  - relativistic processes
KW  - X-rays: binaries
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/88
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 779
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Allan, Eric
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
A1  - Weigelt, Alexandra
A1  - Roscher, Christiane
A1  - Baade, Jussi
A1  - Barnard, Romain L.
A1  - Bessler, Holger
A1  - Buchmann, Nina
A1  - Ebeling, Anne
A1  - Eisenhauer, Nico
A1  - Engels, Christof
A1  - Fergus, Alexander J. F.
A1  - Gleixner, Gerd
A1  - Gubsch, Marlen
A1  - Halle, Stefan
A1  - Klein, Alexandra-Maria
A1  - Kertscher, Ilona
A1  - Kuu, Annely
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Le Roux, Xavier
A1  - Meyer, Sebastian T.
A1  - Migunova, Varvara D.
A1  - Milcu, Alexandru
A1  - Niklaus, Pascal A.
A1  - Oelmann, Yvonne
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Petermann, Jana S.
A1  - Poly, Franck
A1  - Rottstock, Tanja
A1  - Sabais, Alexander C. W.
A1  - Scherber, Christoph
A1  - Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
A1  - Scheu, Stefan
A1  - Steinbeiss, Sibylle
A1  - Schwichtenberg, Guido
A1  - Temperton, Vicky
A1  - Tscharntke, Teja
A1  - Voigt, Winfried
A1  - Wilcke, Wolfgang
A1  - Wirth, Christian
A1  - Schmid, Bernhard
T1  - A comparison of the strength of biodiversity effects across multiple functions
JF  - Oecologia
N2  - In order to predict which ecosystem functions are most at risk from biodiversity loss, meta-analyses have generalised results from biodiversity experiments over different sites and ecosystem types. In contrast, comparing the strength of biodiversity effects across a large number of ecosystem processes measured in a single experiment permits more direct comparisons. Here, we present an analysis of 418 separate measures of 38 ecosystem processes. Overall, 45 % of processes were significantly affected by plant species richness, suggesting that, while diversity affects a large number of processes not all respond to biodiversity. We therefore compared the strength of plant diversity effects between different categories of ecosystem processes, grouping processes according to the year of measurement, their biogeochemical cycle, trophic level and compartment (above- or belowground) and according to whether they were measures of biodiversity or other ecosystem processes, biotic or abiotic and static or dynamic. Overall, and for several individual processes, we found that biodiversity effects became stronger over time. Measures of the carbon cycle were also affected more strongly by plant species richness than were the measures associated with the nitrogen cycle. Further, we found greater plant species richness effects on measures of biodiversity than on other processes. The differential effects of plant diversity on the various types of ecosystem processes indicate that future research and political effort should shift from a general debate about whether biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functions to focussing on the specific functions of interest and ways to preserve them individually or in combination.
KW  - Bottom-up effects
KW  - Carbon cycling
KW  - Ecological synthesis
KW  - Ecosystem processes
KW  - Grasslands
KW  - Jena experiment
KW  - Nitrogen cycling
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2589-0
SN  - 0029-8549
VL  - 173
IS  - 1
SP  - 223
EP  - 237
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Alsadeh, Ahmad
T1  - Augmented secure neighbor discovery: aligning security, privacy and usability
Y1  - 2013
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Prosser, Giacomo
A1  - Grande, Atonella
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Langone, Antonio
T1  - A seismogenic zone in the deep crust indicated by pseudotachylytes and ultramylonites in granulite-facies rocks of Calabria (Southern Italy)
JF  - Contributions to mineralogy and petrology
N2  - Pseudotachylyte veins frequently associated with mylonites and ultramylonites occur within migmatitic paragneisses, metamonzodiorites, as well as felsic and mafic granulites at the base of the section of the Hercynian lower crust exposed in Calabria (Southern Italy). The crustal section is tectonically superposed on lower grade units. Ultramylonites and pseudotachylytes are particularly well developed in migmatitic paragneisses, whereas sparse fault-related pseudotachylytes and thin mylonite/ultramylonite bands occur in granulite-facies rocks. The presence of sillimanite and clinopyroxene in ultramylonites and mylonites indicates that relatively high-temperature conditions preceded the formation of pseudotachylytes. We have analysed pseudotachylytes from different rock types to ascertain their deep crustal origin and to better understand the relationships between brittle and ductile processes during deformation of the deeper crust. Different protoliths were selected to test how lithology controls pseudotachylyte composition and textures. In migmatites and felsic granulites, euhedral or cauliflower-shaped garnets directly crystallized from pseudotachylyte melts of near andesitic composition. This indicates that pseudotachylytes originated at deep crustal conditions (> 0.75 GPa). In mafic protoliths, quenched needle-to-feather-shaped high-alumina orthopyroxene occurs in contact with newly crystallized plagioclase. The pyroxene crystallizes in garnet-free and garnet-bearing veins. The simultaneous growth of orthopyroxene and plagioclase as well as almandine, suggests lower crustal origin, with pressures in excess of 0.85 GPa. The existence of melts of different composition in the same vein indicates the stepwise, non-equilibrium conditions of frictional melting. Melt formed and intruded into pre-existing anisotropies. In mafic granulites, brittle faulting is localized in a previously formed thin high-temperature mylonite bands. migmatitic gneisses are deformed into ultramylonite domains characterized by s-c fabric. Small grain size and fluids lowered the effective stress on the c planes favouring a seismic event and the consequent melt generation. Microstructures and ductile deformation of pseudotachylytes suggest continuous ductile flow punctuated by episodes of high-strain rate, leading to seismic events and melting.
KW  - Pseudotachylyte
KW  - Calabria
KW  - Lower crust
KW  - Palaeo-seismicity
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0904-3
SN  - 0010-7999
VL  - 166
IS  - 4
SP  - 975
EP  - 994
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amour, Frederic
A1  - Mutti, Maria
A1  - Christ, Nicolas
A1  - Immenhauser, Adrian
A1  - Benson, Gregory S.
A1  - Agar, Susan M.
A1  - Tomas, Sara
A1  - Kabiri, Lahcen
T1  - Outcrop analog for an oolitic carbonate ramp reservoir a scale-dependent geologic modeling approach based on stratigraphic hierarchy
JF  - AAPG bulletin
N2  - Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of simulation algorithms for facies modeling, whereas a discussion of how to combine those techniques has not existed. The integration of multiple geologic data into a three-dimensional model, which requires the combination of simulation techniques, is yet a current challenge for reservoir modeling. This article presents a thought process that guides the acquisition and modeling of geologic data at various scales. Our work is based on outcrop data collected from a Jurassic carbonate ramp located in the High Atlas mountain range of Morocco. The study window is 1 km (0.6 mi) wide and 100 m (328.1 ft) thick. We describe and model the spatial and hierarchical arrangement of carbonate bodies spanning from largest to smallest: (1) stacking pattern of high-frequency depositional sequences, (2) facies association, and (3) lithofacies. Five sequence boundaries were modeled using differential global position system mapping and light detection and ranging data. The surface-based model shows a low-angle profile with modest paleotopographic relief at the inner-to-middle ramp transition. Facies associations were populated using truncated Gaussian simulation to preserve ordered trends between the inner, middle, and outer ramps. At the lithofacies scale, field observations and statistical analysis show a mosaiclike distribution that was simulated using a fully stochastic approach with sequential indicator simulation.
 This study observes that the use of one single simulation technique is unlikely to correctly model the natural patterns and variability of carbonate rocks. The selection and implementation of different techniques customized for each level of the stratigraphic hierarchy will provide the essential computing flexibility to model carbonate settings. This study demonstrates that a scale-dependent modeling approach should be a common procedure when building subsurface and outcrop models.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1306/10231212039
SN  - 0149-1423
VL  - 97
IS  - 5
SP  - 845
EP  - 871
PB  - American Association of Petroleum Geologists
CY  - Tulsa
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Amour, Frédéric
T1  - 3-D modeling of shallow-water carbonate systems : a scale-dependent approach based on quantitative outcrop studies
T1  - 3-D Modellierung von Flachwasser-Karbonat-Sytemen : eine skalenabhängige Herangehensweise basierend auf quantitativen Aufschlussstudien
N2  - The study of outcrop modeling is located at the interface between two fields of expertise, Sedimentology and Computing Geoscience, which respectively investigates and simulates geological heterogeneity observed in the sedimentary record. During the last past years, modeling tools and techniques were constantly improved. In parallel, the study of Phanerozoic carbonate deposits emphasized the common occurrence of a random facies distribution along single depositional domain. Although both fields of expertise are intrinsically linked during outcrop simulation, their respective advances have not been combined in literature to enhance carbonate modeling studies. The present study re-examines the modeling strategy adapted to the simulation of shallow-water carbonate systems, based on a close relationship between field sedimentology and modeling capabilities. In the present study, the evaluation of three commonly used algorithms Truncated Gaussian Simulation (TGSim), Sequential Indicator Simulation (SISim), and Indicator Kriging (IK), were performed for the first time using visual and quantitative comparisons on an ideally suited carbonate outcrop. The results show that the heterogeneity of carbonate rocks cannot be fully simulated using one single algorithm. The operating mode of each algorithm involves capabilities as well as drawbacks that are not capable to match all field observations carried out across the modeling area. Two end members in the spectrum of carbonate depositional settings, a low-angle Jurassic ramp (High Atlas, Morocco) and a Triassic isolated platform (Dolomites, Italy), were investigated to obtain a complete overview of the geological heterogeneity in shallow-water carbonate systems. Field sedimentology and statistical analysis performed on the type, morphology, distribution, and association of carbonate bodies and combined with palaeodepositional reconstructions, emphasize similar results. At the basin scale (x 1 km), facies association, composed of facies recording similar depositional conditions, displays linear and ordered transitions between depositional domains. Contrarily, at the bedding scale (x 0.1 km), individual lithofacies type shows a mosaic-like distribution consisting of an arrangement of spatially independent lithofacies bodies along the depositional profile. The increase of spatial disorder from the basin to bedding scale results from the influence of autocyclic factors on the transport and deposition of carbonate sediments. Scale-dependent types of carbonate heterogeneity are linked with the evaluation of algorithms in order to establish a modeling strategy that considers both the sedimentary characteristics of the outcrop and the modeling capabilities. A surface-based modeling approach was used to model depositional sequences. Facies associations were populated using TGSim to preserve ordered trends between depositional domains. At the lithofacies scale, a fully stochastic approach with SISim was applied to simulate a mosaic-like lithofacies distribution. This new workflow is designed to improve the simulation of carbonate rocks, based on the modeling of each scale of heterogeneity individually. Contrarily to simulation methods applied in literature, the present study considers that the use of one single simulation technique is unlikely to correctly model the natural patterns and variability of carbonate rocks. The implementation of different techniques customized for each level of the stratigraphic hierarchy provides the essential computing flexibility to model carbonate systems. Closer feedback between advances carried out in the field of Sedimentology and Computing Geoscience should be promoted during future outcrop simulations for the enhancement of 3-D geological models.
N2  - Das Modellieren von geologischen Aufschlüssen liegt der Schnittstelle zwischen zwei geo-logischen Teildisziplinen, der Sedimentologie und der geologischen Modellierung. Hierbei werden geologische Heterogenitäten untersucht und simuliert, welche im Aufschluss beobachtet wurden. Während der letzten Jahre haben sich die Werkzeuge und die Technik der Modellierung stetig weiter-entwickelt. Parallel dazu hat die Untersuchung der phanerozoischen Karbonatablagerungen ihren Fokus auf gemeinsamen Vorkommen von zufälligen Faziesverteilungen in beiden Ablagerungs-gebieten. Obwohl beide Teildisziplinen durch die Aufschlussmodellierung eigentlich verbunden sind, wurden ihre jeweiligen Vorteile in der Literatur nicht miteinander verbunden, um so eine Verbesserung ähnlicher Studien zu erreichen. Die vorliegende Studie überprüft erneut die Modellierungsstrategie, angepasst an die Simulation von Flachwasser-Karbonat-Systemen und basierend auf einer engen Beziehung zwischen Sedimentologie und Modellierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt erstmals die Evaluierung der drei am häufigsten verwendeten Algorithmen „Truncated Gaussian Simulation (TGSim)“, „Sequential Indicator Simulation (SISim)“ und „Indicator Kriging (IK)“, um sie visuell und quantitativ mit dem entsprechenden Aufschluss zu vergleichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Heterogenität von Karbonatgesteinen nicht komplett mit nur einem Algorithmus simuliert werden kann. Die Eigenschaften jedes einzelnen Algorithmus beinhalten Vor- und Nachteile, sodass kein Algorithmus alle Beobachtungen aus dem Aufschluss widerspiegelt. Die zwei Endglieder im Spektrum der Ablagerungsbedingungen von Karbonaten, eine flachwinklige, jurassische Karbonat-Rampe (Hoher Atlas, Marokko) und eine isolierte, triassische Plattform (Dolomiten, Italien), wurden untersucht, um einen kompletten Überblick über die verschiedenen Heterogenitäten in Flachwasser-Karbonat- Systemen zu erhalten. Sedimentologische und statistische Analysen wurden für die verschiedenen Typen, Morphologien, Verteilungen und Assoziationen von Karbonatablagerungen durchgeführt und mit paläogeografischen Rekonstruktionen kombiniert und zeigen ähnliche Ergebnisse. Im Beckenmaßstab zeigen die Faziesassoziationen, bestehend aus Fazieszonen mit ähnlichen Ablagerungsbedingungen, einen linearen und kontinuierlichen Übergang zwischen den einzelnen Ablagerungsbereichen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt für einzelne Lithofaziestypen im Maßstab einzelner Schichten eine mosaikartige Verteilung, bestehend aus einer Anordnung räumlich unabhängiger Lithofazieszonen entlang des Ablagerungsprofils. Das Ansteigen der räumlichen Unordnung von der beckenweiten Ablagerung zur Ablagerung einzelner Schichten resultiert aus dem Einfluss autozyklischer Faktoren bei der Ablagerung von Karbonaten. Die Skalenabhängigkeit von Karbonat-Heterogenität ist mit der Auswertung der Algorithmen verknüpft um eine Modellierungsstrategie zu etablieren, welche sowohl die sedimentären Charakteristiken des Aufschlusses als auch die Modellierfähigkeit berücksichtigt. Für die Modellierung der Ablagerungssequenzen wurde ein flächenbasierter Ansatz verwendet. Die Faziesassoziationen wurden durch die Benutzung des TGSim-Algorithmus simuliert, um die regulären Trends zwischen den einzelnen Ablagerungsgebieten zu erhalten. Im Bereich der verschiedenen Lithofazien wurde mit dem SISim-Algorithmus, ein voll stochastischer Ansatz angewendet, um die mosaikartige Verteilung der Lithofazies-Typen zu simulieren. Dieser neue Arbeitsablauf wurde konzipiert, um die Simulierung von Karbonaten auf Basis der einzelnen Heterogenitäten in verschiedenen Größenordnungen zu verbessern. Im Gegensatz zu den in der Literatur angewendeten Simulationsmethoden berücksichtigt diese Studie, dass eine einzelne Modellierungstechnik die natürlichen Ablagerungsmuster und Variabilität von Karbonaten wahrscheinlich nicht korrekt abbildet. Die Einführung verschiedener Techniken, angepasst auf die verschiedenen Ebenen der stratigrafischen Hierarchie, liefert die notwendige Flexibilität um Karbonatsysteme korrekt zu modellieren. Eine enge Verknüpfung zwischen den Fortschritten auf dem Gebieten der Sedimentologie und dem Gebiet der modellierenden Geowissenschaften sollte weiterhin bestehen, um auch zukünftig bei der Simulation von geologischen Gelände-Aufschlüssen eine Verbesserung der 3-D-Modellierung zu erreichen.
KW  - Karbonat
KW  - 3-D Modellierung
KW  - Aufschluss-Modellierung
KW  - Quantitative Daten
KW  - Skala
KW  - Stochastischer Algorithmus
KW  - Carbonate
KW  - 3-D outcrop modeling
KW  - quantitative data
KW  - scale
KW  - stochastic algorithms
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66621
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andree, Kai
T1  - A note on merger in mixed duopoly - Bertrand versus Cournot
JF  - Journal of economics
N2  - In this note we analyze the incentives to merge in a mixed duopoly if firms compete in prices or quantities. Our model framework mainly follows Barcena-Ruiz and Garzon (J Econ 80:27-42, 2003) who set up the model with quantity competition. We extend their analysis by analyzing the case of competition in prices. Further we compare the incentives to merge with Bertrand and Cournot competition. Comparing quantity with price competition we can show that a merger is more likely with Cournot competition than with Bertrand competition.
KW  - Merger
KW  - Price competition
KW  - Mixed duopoly
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-012-0280-x
SN  - 0931-8658
VL  - 108
IS  - 3
SP  - 291
EP  - 298
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  -