TY - JOUR A1 - Herbert, Beate M. A1 - Herbert, Cornelia A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Weimer, Katja A1 - Enck, Paul A1 - Sauer, Helene A1 - Zipfel, Stephan T1 - Effects of short-term food deprivation on interoceptive awareness, feelings and autonomic cardiac activity JF - Biological psychology N2 - The perception of internal bodily signals (interoception) plays a relevant role for emotion processing and feelings. This study investigated changes of interoceptive awareness and cardiac autonomic activity induced by short-term food deprivation and its relationship to hunger and affective experience. 20 healthy women were exposed to 24 h of food deprivation in a controlled setting. Interoceptive awareness was assessed by using a heartbeat tracking task. Felt hunger, cardiac autonomic activity, mood and subjective appraisal of interoceptive sensations were assessed before and after fasting. Results show that short-term fasting intensifies interoceptive awareness, not restricted to food cues, via changes of autonomic cardiac and/or cardiodynamic activity. The increase of interoceptive awareness was positively related to felt hunger. Additionally, the results demonstrate the role of cardiac vagal activity as a potential index of emotion related self-regulation, for hunger, mood and the affective appraisal of interoceptive signals during acute fasting. KW - Interoceptive awareness KW - Hunger KW - Autonomic activity KW - Food deprivation KW - Self-regulation KW - Eating disorders Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.004 SN - 0301-0511 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 79 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Sonnentag, Sabine T1 - Within-person fluctuations of proactive behavior how affect and experienced competence regulate work behavior JF - Human performance N2 - This article studies proactive work behavior from a within-person perspective. Building on the broaden-and-build model and the mood-as-information approach, we hypothesized that negative trait affect and positive state affect predict the relative time spent on proactive behavior. Furthermore, based on self-determination theory we argued that persons want to feel competent and that proactive behavior is one way to experience competence. In an experience-sampling study, 52 employees responded to surveys 3 times a day for 5 days. Hierarchical linear modeling confirmed the hypotheses on trait and state affect. Analyses furthermore showed that although a higher level of experienced competence at core task activities was associated with a subsequent increase in time spent on these activities, low experienced competence predicted an increase in time spent on proactive behavior. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631647 SN - 0895-9285 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 72 EP - 93 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neyer, Franz J. A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Gebhardt, Claudia T1 - Development and validation of a brief measure of technology commitment JF - Diagnostica N2 - The authors propose a model of technology commitment that describes individual differences in the willingness of technology use in terms of three facets: technology acceptance, technology competence, technology control. It is assumed that technology commitment predicts adaptive technology use especially in old age. Data from three studies (N = 825 participants) support the conceptual distinction of the constructs and confirm the psychometric properties of the newly constructed scale. Construct validity was established via correlations with theoretically related constructs (technology use, personality, successful aging, health) as well as concurrently vis-a-vis other measures of technology acceptance. KW - technology commitment KW - technology acceptance KW - technology competence KW - technology control KW - technology use Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000067 SN - 0012-1924 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 99 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - The zoom lens of attention simulating shuffled versus normal text reading using the SWIFT model JF - Visual cognition N2 - Assumptions on the allocation of attention during reading are crucial for theoretical models of eye guidance. The zoom lens model of attention postulates that attentional deployment can vary from a sharp focus to a broad window. The model is closely related to the foveal load hypothesis, i.e., the assumption that the perceptual span is modulated by the difficulty of the fixated word. However, these important theoretical concepts for cognitive research have not been tested quantitatively in eye movement models. Here we show that the zoom lens model, implemented in the SWIFT model of saccade generation, captures many important patterns of eye movements. We compared the model's performance to experimental data from normal and shuffled text reading. Our results demonstrate that the zoom lens of attention might be an important concept for eye movement control in reading. KW - Computational modelling KW - Eye movements KW - Foveal load hypothesis KW - Perceptual span KW - Reading KW - Zoom lens model of attention Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2012.670143 SN - 1350-6285 SN - 1464-0716 VL - 20 IS - 4-5 SP - 391 EP - 421 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoll, Nina A1 - Wiedemannm, A. U. A1 - Heckhausen, Juliane A1 - Burkert, Silke A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Schrader, M. T1 - The interplay of autonomy goals and spousal support a prospective study with couples facing cancer T2 - Psychology & health : official journal of the European Health Psychology Society Y1 - 2012 SN - 0887-0446 VL - 27 IS - 33 SP - 70 EP - 71 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Matuschek, Hannes A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Multivariate analyses of fixation durations in reading with linear mixed and additive mixed models T2 - International journal of psychology Y1 - 2012 SN - 0020-7594 VL - 47 IS - 33 SP - 139 EP - 139 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Eye movements during reading: Contributions of cross-language comparisons T2 - International journal of psychology Y1 - 2012 SN - 0020-7594 VL - 47 SP - 138 EP - 138 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leucht, Michael A1 - Tiffin-Richards, Simon A1 - Vock, Miriam A1 - Pant, Hans Anand A1 - Koeller, Olaf T1 - English teachers' diagnostic skills in judging their students' competencies on the basis of the Common European Framework of Reference JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - The present study addresses diagnostic competence of English language teachers at the end of lower secondary education. The 56 teachers assigned each of their respective students (N = 1 363) to a proficiency level of foreign language use according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The teachers' judgements were compared to CEFR proficiency level assignments estimated using data from a reading comprehension assessment of English as a foreign language. The consistency of proficiency level allocations was evaluated using level, differentiation, and ranking components. Beyond providing a description of diagnostic competence, the present study focuses on the influence of classroom halo effects on teachers' CEFR proficiency level judgements by comparing teacher judgments and students' English marks. A multilevel model of diagnostic competence is presented to assess to what extent the rank and level components are influenced by teachers' familiarity with and use of the CEFR guidelines when judging student proficiency. KW - diagnostic competence KW - English as a foreign language KW - multilevel analysis KW - Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000071 SN - 0049-8637 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 163 EP - 177 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kizilirmak, J. M. A1 - Rösler, Frank A1 - Khader, P. H. T1 - Control processes during selective long-term memory retrieval JF - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function N2 - In our daily life, we often need to selectively remember information related to the same retrieval cue in a consecutive manner (e.g., ingredients from a recipe). To investigate such selection processes during cued long-term memory (LTM) retrieval, we used a paradigm in which the retrieval demands were systematically varied from trial to trial and analyzed, by means of behavior and slow cortical EEG potentials (SCPs), the retrieval processes in the current trial depending on those of the previous trial. We varied whether the retrieval cue, the type of to-be-retrieved association (feature), or retrieval load was repeated or changed from trial to trial. The behavioral data revealed a benefit of feature repetition, probably due to trial-by-trial feature priming. SCPs further showed an effect of cue change with a mid-frontal maximum, suggesting increased control demands when the cue was repeated, as well as a parietal effect of retrieval-load change, indicating increased activation of posterior neural resources when focusing on a single association after all learned associations had been activated previously, compared to staying with single associations across trials. These effects suggest the existence of two distinct types of dynamic (trial-by-trial) control processes during LTM retrieval: (1) medial frontal processes that monitor or regulate interference within a set of activated associations, and (2) posterior processes regulating attention to LTM representations. The present study demonstrates that processes mediating selective LTM retrieval can be successfully studied by manipulating the history of processing demands in trial sequences. KW - Cognitive control KW - Long-term memory KW - ERPs KW - SCPs KW - Retrieval KW - Selection processes Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.041 SN - 1053-8119 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 1830 EP - 1841 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moeller, Ingrid A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krause, Christina T1 - Efficacy of an intervention to reduce the use of media violence and aggression an experimental evaluation with adolescents in Germany JF - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication N2 - Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1% girls) were assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2). The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group. Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression. No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months. KW - Media violence KW - Intervention KW - Experimental evaluation KW - Longitudinal study Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9654-6 SN - 0047-2891 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 105 EP - 120 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Bieneck, Steffen T1 - The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior JF - Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society N2 - Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x SN - 0021-9029 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reuschel, Johanna A1 - Rösler, Frank A1 - Henriques, Denise Y. P. A1 - Fiehler, Katja T1 - Spatial updating depends on gaze direction even after loss of vision JF - The journal of neuroscience N2 - Direction of gaze (eye angle + head angle) has been shown to be important for representing space for action, implying a crucial role of vision for spatial updating. However, blind people have no access to vision yet are able to perform goal-directed actions successfully. Here, we investigated the role of visual experience for localizing and updating targets as a function of intervening gaze shifts in humans. People who differed in visual experience (late blind, congenitally blind, or sighted) were briefly presented with a proprioceptive reach target while facing it. Before they reached to the target's remembered location, they turned their head toward an eccentric direction that also induced corresponding eye movements in sighted and late blind individuals. We found that reaching errors varied systematically as a function of shift in gaze direction only in participants with early visual experience (sighted and late blind). In the late blind, this effect was solely present in people with moveable eyes but not in people with at least one glass eye. Our results suggest that the effect of gaze shifts on spatial updating develops on the basis of visual experience early in life and remains even after loss of vision as long as feedback from the eyes and head is available. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2714-11.2012 SN - 0270-6474 VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 2422 EP - 2429 PB - Society for Neuroscience CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschentscher, Nadja A1 - Hauk, Olaf A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Pulvermüller, Friedemann T1 - You can count on the motor cortex finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers JF - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function N2 - The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing. KW - Embodied cognition KW - Numerical cognaion KW - Finger counting habits KW - SNARC effect Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.037 SN - 1053-8119 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 3139 EP - 3148 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Waltraud A1 - Ott, Derek V. M. A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Schubotz, Ricarda I. A1 - Schütz-Bosbach, Simone A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Repetitive TMS suggests a role of the human dorsal premotor cortex in action prediction JF - Frontiers in human neuroscienc N2 - Predicting the actions of other individuals is crucial for our daily interactions. Recent evidence suggests that the prediction of object-directed arm and full-body actions employs the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Thus, the neural substrate involved in action control may also be essential for action prediction. Here, we aimed to address this issue and hypothesized that disrupting the PMd impairs action prediction. Using fMRI-guided coil navigation, rTMS (five pulses, 10Hz) was applied over the left PMd and over the vertex (control region) while participants observed everyday actions in video clips that were transiently occluded for 1s. The participants detected manipulations in the time course of occluded actions, which required them to internally predict the actions during occlusion. To differentiate between functional roles that the PMd could play in prediction, rTMS was either delivered at occluder-onset (TMS-early), affecting the initiation of action prediction, or 300 ms later during occlusion(TMS-late), affecting the maintenance of anongoing prediction. TMS-early over the left PMd produced more prediction errors than TMS-early over the vertex. TMS-late had no effect on prediction performance, suggesting that the left PMd might be involved particularly during the initiation of internally guided action prediction but may play a subordinate role in maintaining ongoing prediction. These findings open a new perspective on the role of the left PMd in action prediction which is in line with its functions in action control and in cognitive tasks. In the discussion, there levance of the left PMd for integrating external action parameters with the observer's motor repertoire is emphasized. Overall, the results are in line with the notion that premotor functions are employed in both action control and action observation. KW - action observation KW - prediction KW - occlusion KW - premotor KW - PMd KW - transcranial magnetic stimulation Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00020 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 6 IS - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Dimigen, Olaf A1 - Jacobs, Arthur M. A1 - Sommer, Werner T1 - Eye movements and brain electric potentials during reading JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - The development of theories and computational models of reading requires an understanding of processing constraints, in particular of timelines related to word recognition and oculomotor control. Timelines of word recognition are usually determined with event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under conditions of serial visual presentation (SVP) of words; timelines of oculomotor control are derived from parameters of eye movements (EMs) during natural reading. We describe two strategies to integrate these approaches. One is to collect ERPs and EMs in separate SVP and natural reading experiments for the same experimental material (but different subjects). The other strategy is to co-register EMs and ERPs during natural reading from the same subjects. Both strategies yield data that allow us to determine how lexical properties influence ERPs (e.g., the N400 component) and EMs (e.g., fixation durations) across neighboring words. We review our recent research on the effects of frequency and predictability of words on both EM and ERP measures with reference to current models of eye-movement control during reading. Results are in support of the proposition that lexical access is distributed across several fixations and across brain-electric potentials measured on neighboring words. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0376-x SN - 0340-0727 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 158 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roesler, Frank T1 - Some unsettled problems in behavioral neuroscience research JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - The goal of behavioral neuroscience is to map psychological concepts onto physiological and anatomical concepts and vice versa. The present paper reflects on some of the hidden obstacles that have to be overcome in order to find unique psychophysiological relationships. These are, among others: (1) the different status of concepts which are defined in the two domains (ontological subjectivity in psychology and ontological objectivity in physiology); (2) the distinct hierarchical levels to which concepts from the two domains may belong; (3) ambiguity of concepts, because-due to limited measurement resolution or definitional shortcomings-they sometimes do not cover unique states or processes; (4) ignored context dependencies. Moreover, it is argued that due to the gigantic number of states and state changes, which are possible in a nervous system, it seems unlikely that neuroscience can provide exact causal explanations and predictions of behavior. Rather, as in statistical thermodynamics the transition from the microlevel of explanations to the macrolevel is only possible with probabilistic uncertainty. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0408-6 SN - 0340-0727 VL - 76 IS - 2 SP - 131 EP - 144 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goethe, Katrin A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Gendt, Anja A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model JF - Developmental psychology N2 - Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters. KW - working-memory capacity KW - interference model KW - dyslexia KW - general learning difficulty Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025660 SN - 0012-1649 VL - 48 IS - 2 SP - 459 EP - 476 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Treutlein, Jens A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis JF - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry N2 - Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes. KW - Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene KW - alcohol use KW - adolescents KW - parenting KW - gene-environment interaction Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x SN - 0021-9630 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 351 EP - 359 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Kröller, Katja T1 - "Childhood overweight and obesity maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management" JF - BMC public health N2 - Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions. Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies. Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile. Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change. KW - Maternal perception KW - Need for action KW - Prevention KW - Obesity KW - Overweight KW - Children Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-295 SN - 1471-2458 VL - 12 IS - 12 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jost, Kerstin A1 - Khader, Patrick H. A1 - Düsel, Peter A1 - Richter, Franziska R. A1 - Rohde, Kristina B. A1 - Bien, Siegfried A1 - Rösler, Frank T1 - Controlling conflict from interfering long-term memory representations JF - Journal of cognitive neuroscience N2 - Remembering is more than an activation of a memory trace. As retrieval cues are often not uniquely related to one specific memory, cognitive control should come into play to guide selective memory retrieval by focusing on relevant while ignoring irrelevant information. Here, we investigated, by means of EEG and fMRI, how the memory system deals with retrieval interference arising when retrieval cues are associated with two material types (faces and spatial positions), but only one is task-relevant. The topography of slow EEG potentials and the fMRI BOLD signal in posterior storage areas indicated that in such situations not only the relevant but also the irrelevant material becomes activated. This results in retrieval interference that triggers control processes mediated by the medial and lateral PFC, which are presumably involved in biasing target representations by boosting the task-relevant material. Moreover, memory-based conflict was found to be dissociable from response conflict that arises when the relevant and irrelevant materials imply different responses. The two types of conflict show different activations in the medial frontal cortex, supporting the claim of domain-specific prefrontal control systems. Y1 - 2012 SN - 0898-929X VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 1173 EP - 1190 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge ER -