TY - JOUR A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Hansen, Detlef T1 - Profiling linguistic disability in German-speaking children JF - Assessing Grammar : the Languages of LARSP Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-8476-9639-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847696397-007 SP - 77 EP - 91 PB - Multilingual Matters CY - Bristol ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ohl, Sven A1 - Brandt, S. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Post-saccadic location judgments after presentation of multiple target-like objects T2 - Perception Y1 - 2012 SN - 0301-0066 SN - 1468-4233 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 171 EP - 171 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Cajar, Anke A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Peripheral spatial frequency processing affects timing and metrics of saccades T2 - Perception Y1 - 2012 SN - 0301-0066 SN - 1468-4233 VL - 41 SP - 170 EP - 170 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krügel, Andre A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Saccade targeting of spatially extended objects a Bayesian model T2 - Perception Y1 - 2012 SN - 0301-0066 SN - 1468-4233 VL - 41 SP - 167 EP - 167 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Risse, Sarah T1 - Letter crowding and the benefit of parafoveal preview during reading T2 - Perception Y1 - 2012 SN - 0301-0066 SN - 1468-4233 VL - 41 SP - 133 EP - 133 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - A computational model of microsaccadic responses to shifts of covert attention T2 - Perception Y1 - 2012 SN - 0301-0066 SN - 1468-4233 VL - 41 SP - 55 EP - 55 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henrichs, Ivanina A1 - Elsner, Claudia A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Gredeback, Gustaf T1 - Goal salience affects infants' goal-directed gaze shifts JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Around their first year of life, infants are able to anticipate the goal of others' ongoing actions. For instance, 12-month-olds anticipate the goal of everyday feeding actions and manual actions such as reaching and grasping. However, little is known whether the salience of the goal influences infants' online assessment of others' actions. The aim of the current eye-tracking study was to elucidate infants' ability to anticipate reaching actions depending on the visual salience of the goal object. In Experiment 1, 12-month-old infants' goal-directed gaze shifts were recorded as they observed a hand reaching for and grasping either a large (high-salience condition) or a small (low-salience condition) goal object. Infants exhibited predictive gaze shifts significantly earlier when the observed hand reached for the large goal object compared to when it reached for the small goal object. In addition, findings revealed rapid learning over the course of trials in the high-salience condition and no learning in the low-salience condition. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the results could not be simply attributed to the different grip aperture of the hand used when reaching for small and large objects. Together, our data indicate that by the end of their first year of life, infants rely on information about the goal salience to make inferences about the action goal. KW - anticipation KW - eye movement KW - salience KW - infant KW - action understanding Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00391 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streblow, Lilian A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich A1 - Riedel, Stefanie T1 - Evaluation of the Revised Reading Competence and Reading Motivation Training (LEKOLEMO) for the lower secondary school level JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - Inspired by the results from the PISA study and based on previous intervention programs, the reading competence training LEKOLEMO (Program for Fostering Reading Literacy and Reading Motivation) for 7th-grade students was developed. The training differs from existing programs in two aspects: (1) It comprises tasks pertaining to the PISA reading dimensions retrieving information, text-related interpretation, and reflection and evaluation, and (2) explicitly aims at fostering reading motivation. The present study examined the revised version of LEKOLEMO in a sample of 235 seventh graders. The results confirmed the effectiveness of LEKOLEMO and showed significant effects of medium size on reading competence at the follow-up test. However, effects on intrinsic reading motivation and on self-concept of reading were small and unstable. KW - training KW - reading competence KW - reading motivation Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000058 SN - 0049-8637 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 12 EP - 26 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Schellhas, Bernd T1 - The acquisition of flexible tool use in preschoolers the impact of prior experience JF - Zeitschrift für Psychologie = Journal of psychology N2 - To investigate how preschoolers acquire a tool use strategy and how they adapt their tool use to a changed situation, 2- to 4-year-olds were asked to retrieve chips from a transparent box with a rod, either by stabbing and lifting through a top opening or by pushing through a front and a back opening. In both conditions, about 40% of the children acquired effective tool use by individual learning, and 90% of the other children learned this by observing only one demonstration. When confronted with a changed situation (i.e., previous opening covered, alternative opening uncovered), children perseverated with the recently learned, but now ineffective tool use strategy. Neither age nor acquisition type of the first strategy affected preschoolers' perseverations. Results indicate that prior tool use experiences have differential effects in situations that require either transferring known functions to novel objects or using a familiar tool for an alternative purpose. KW - tool use KW - preschoolers (2-4 years) KW - learning KW - transfer KW - action planning Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000090 SN - 2190-8370 VL - 220 IS - 1 SP - 44 EP - 49 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Herbert, Beate M. A1 - Fuestoes, Juergen A1 - Weimer, Katja A1 - Enck, Paul A1 - Zipfel, Stephan T1 - Food deprivation sensitizes pain perception JF - International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology N2 - While food deprivation has known effects on sympathovagal balance, little is known about hunger's influence on the perception of pain. Since autonomic activities influence many cognitive and emotional processes, this suggests that food deprivation should interact with the perception of pain. This study analyzed the possible effects of short-term food deprivation on pain sensitivity in healthy female participants. This study was comprised of 32 healthy female participants who underwent a 48-hr inpatient hospital investigation. Prior to testing, heart rate and heart rate variability were assessed. After a standardized breakfast, day 1 measurements were taken. Food intake was then not allowed again until the following evening for 22 participants (experimental group), while 12 participants were served standard meals (control group). Pain threshold and tolerance were assessed at 10:00 a. m. on both days using a pressure algometer. Additionally pain experience was examined. Food deprivation significantly reduced pain thresholds and tolerance scores in the experimental group. Additionally, the sympathovagal balance changed, characterized by a decrease in parasympathetic activation. Higher vagal withdrawal after food deprivation was associated with higher pain sensitivity in the experimental group. Furthermore, perceived unpleasantness and pain intensity increased for threshold and tolerance stimuli in the experimental group. We conclude that short-term food deprivation sensitized pain perception in healthy females. An imbalance in sympathovagal activation evoked by food deprivation accounted for this effect. Our results might be a pathogenic mechanism for the development of emotional difficulties associated with disturbed eating behavior. KW - short-term food deprivation KW - pain threshold KW - pain tolerance KW - sympathovagal balance Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000062 SN - 0269-8803 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbert, Beate M. A1 - Herbert, Cornelia A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Weimer, Katja A1 - Enck, Paul A1 - Sauer, Helene A1 - Zipfel, Stephan T1 - Effects of short-term food deprivation on interoceptive awareness, feelings and autonomic cardiac activity JF - Biological psychology N2 - The perception of internal bodily signals (interoception) plays a relevant role for emotion processing and feelings. This study investigated changes of interoceptive awareness and cardiac autonomic activity induced by short-term food deprivation and its relationship to hunger and affective experience. 20 healthy women were exposed to 24 h of food deprivation in a controlled setting. Interoceptive awareness was assessed by using a heartbeat tracking task. Felt hunger, cardiac autonomic activity, mood and subjective appraisal of interoceptive sensations were assessed before and after fasting. Results show that short-term fasting intensifies interoceptive awareness, not restricted to food cues, via changes of autonomic cardiac and/or cardiodynamic activity. The increase of interoceptive awareness was positively related to felt hunger. Additionally, the results demonstrate the role of cardiac vagal activity as a potential index of emotion related self-regulation, for hunger, mood and the affective appraisal of interoceptive signals during acute fasting. KW - Interoceptive awareness KW - Hunger KW - Autonomic activity KW - Food deprivation KW - Self-regulation KW - Eating disorders Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.004 SN - 0301-0511 VL - 89 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 79 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Sonnentag, Sabine T1 - Within-person fluctuations of proactive behavior how affect and experienced competence regulate work behavior JF - Human performance N2 - This article studies proactive work behavior from a within-person perspective. Building on the broaden-and-build model and the mood-as-information approach, we hypothesized that negative trait affect and positive state affect predict the relative time spent on proactive behavior. Furthermore, based on self-determination theory we argued that persons want to feel competent and that proactive behavior is one way to experience competence. In an experience-sampling study, 52 employees responded to surveys 3 times a day for 5 days. Hierarchical linear modeling confirmed the hypotheses on trait and state affect. Analyses furthermore showed that although a higher level of experienced competence at core task activities was associated with a subsequent increase in time spent on these activities, low experienced competence predicted an increase in time spent on proactive behavior. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631647 SN - 0895-9285 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 72 EP - 93 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neyer, Franz J. A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Gebhardt, Claudia T1 - Development and validation of a brief measure of technology commitment JF - Diagnostica N2 - The authors propose a model of technology commitment that describes individual differences in the willingness of technology use in terms of three facets: technology acceptance, technology competence, technology control. It is assumed that technology commitment predicts adaptive technology use especially in old age. Data from three studies (N = 825 participants) support the conceptual distinction of the constructs and confirm the psychometric properties of the newly constructed scale. Construct validity was established via correlations with theoretically related constructs (technology use, personality, successful aging, health) as well as concurrently vis-a-vis other measures of technology acceptance. KW - technology commitment KW - technology acceptance KW - technology competence KW - technology control KW - technology use Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000067 SN - 0012-1924 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 87 EP - 99 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - The zoom lens of attention simulating shuffled versus normal text reading using the SWIFT model JF - Visual cognition N2 - Assumptions on the allocation of attention during reading are crucial for theoretical models of eye guidance. The zoom lens model of attention postulates that attentional deployment can vary from a sharp focus to a broad window. The model is closely related to the foveal load hypothesis, i.e., the assumption that the perceptual span is modulated by the difficulty of the fixated word. However, these important theoretical concepts for cognitive research have not been tested quantitatively in eye movement models. Here we show that the zoom lens model, implemented in the SWIFT model of saccade generation, captures many important patterns of eye movements. We compared the model's performance to experimental data from normal and shuffled text reading. Our results demonstrate that the zoom lens of attention might be an important concept for eye movement control in reading. KW - Computational modelling KW - Eye movements KW - Foveal load hypothesis KW - Perceptual span KW - Reading KW - Zoom lens model of attention Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2012.670143 SN - 1350-6285 SN - 1464-0716 VL - 20 IS - 4-5 SP - 391 EP - 421 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoll, Nina A1 - Wiedemannm, A. U. A1 - Heckhausen, Juliane A1 - Burkert, Silke A1 - Felber, Juliane A1 - Schrader, M. T1 - The interplay of autonomy goals and spousal support a prospective study with couples facing cancer T2 - Psychology & health : official journal of the European Health Psychology Society Y1 - 2012 SN - 0887-0446 VL - 27 IS - 33 SP - 70 EP - 71 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Matuschek, Hannes A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Multivariate analyses of fixation durations in reading with linear mixed and additive mixed models T2 - International journal of psychology Y1 - 2012 SN - 0020-7594 VL - 47 IS - 33 SP - 139 EP - 139 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Eye movements during reading: Contributions of cross-language comparisons T2 - International journal of psychology Y1 - 2012 SN - 0020-7594 VL - 47 SP - 138 EP - 138 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leucht, Michael A1 - Tiffin-Richards, Simon A1 - Vock, Miriam A1 - Pant, Hans Anand A1 - Koeller, Olaf T1 - English teachers' diagnostic skills in judging their students' competencies on the basis of the Common European Framework of Reference JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - The present study addresses diagnostic competence of English language teachers at the end of lower secondary education. The 56 teachers assigned each of their respective students (N = 1 363) to a proficiency level of foreign language use according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The teachers' judgements were compared to CEFR proficiency level assignments estimated using data from a reading comprehension assessment of English as a foreign language. The consistency of proficiency level allocations was evaluated using level, differentiation, and ranking components. Beyond providing a description of diagnostic competence, the present study focuses on the influence of classroom halo effects on teachers' CEFR proficiency level judgements by comparing teacher judgments and students' English marks. A multilevel model of diagnostic competence is presented to assess to what extent the rank and level components are influenced by teachers' familiarity with and use of the CEFR guidelines when judging student proficiency. KW - diagnostic competence KW - English as a foreign language KW - multilevel analysis KW - Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000071 SN - 0049-8637 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 163 EP - 177 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kizilirmak, J. M. A1 - Rösler, Frank A1 - Khader, P. H. T1 - Control processes during selective long-term memory retrieval JF - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function N2 - In our daily life, we often need to selectively remember information related to the same retrieval cue in a consecutive manner (e.g., ingredients from a recipe). To investigate such selection processes during cued long-term memory (LTM) retrieval, we used a paradigm in which the retrieval demands were systematically varied from trial to trial and analyzed, by means of behavior and slow cortical EEG potentials (SCPs), the retrieval processes in the current trial depending on those of the previous trial. We varied whether the retrieval cue, the type of to-be-retrieved association (feature), or retrieval load was repeated or changed from trial to trial. The behavioral data revealed a benefit of feature repetition, probably due to trial-by-trial feature priming. SCPs further showed an effect of cue change with a mid-frontal maximum, suggesting increased control demands when the cue was repeated, as well as a parietal effect of retrieval-load change, indicating increased activation of posterior neural resources when focusing on a single association after all learned associations had been activated previously, compared to staying with single associations across trials. These effects suggest the existence of two distinct types of dynamic (trial-by-trial) control processes during LTM retrieval: (1) medial frontal processes that monitor or regulate interference within a set of activated associations, and (2) posterior processes regulating attention to LTM representations. The present study demonstrates that processes mediating selective LTM retrieval can be successfully studied by manipulating the history of processing demands in trial sequences. KW - Cognitive control KW - Long-term memory KW - ERPs KW - SCPs KW - Retrieval KW - Selection processes Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.041 SN - 1053-8119 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 1830 EP - 1841 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moeller, Ingrid A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krause, Christina T1 - Efficacy of an intervention to reduce the use of media violence and aggression an experimental evaluation with adolescents in Germany JF - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication N2 - Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1% girls) were assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2). The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group. Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression. No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months. KW - Media violence KW - Intervention KW - Experimental evaluation KW - Longitudinal study Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9654-6 SN - 0047-2891 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 105 EP - 120 PB - Springer CY - New York ER -