TY - JOUR A1 - Siddiqui, Tarique Adnan A1 - Luehr, H. A1 - Stolle, Claudia A1 - Park, J. T1 - Relation between stratospheric sudden warming and the lunar effect on the equatorial electrojet based on Huancayo recordings JF - Annales geophysicae N2 - It has been known for many decades that the lunar tidal influence in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is noticeably enhanced during Northern Hemisphere winters. Recent literature has discussed the role of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events behind the enhancement of lunar tides and the findings suggest a positive correlation between the lunar tidal amplitude and lower stratospheric parameters (zonal mean air temperature and zonal mean zonal wind) during SSW events. The positive correlation raises the question whether an inverse approach could also be developed which makes it possible to deduce the occurrence of SSW events before their direct observations (before 1952) from the amplitude of the lunar tides. This study presents an analysis technique based on the phase of the semi-monthly lunar tide to determine the lunar tidal modulation of the EEJ. A statistical approach using the superposed epoch analysis is also carried out to formulate a relation between the EEJ tidal amplitude and lower stratospheric parameters. Using these results, we have estimated a threshold value for the tidal wave power that could be used to identify years with SSW events from magnetic field observations. KW - Ionosphere KW - electric fields and currents KW - meteorology and atmospheric dynamics KW - waves and tides Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-235-2015 SN - 0992-7689 SN - 1432-0576 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 235 EP - 243 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacobs, Ingo A1 - Sim, Chu-Won A1 - Zimmermann, Julia T1 - The German TEIQue-SF: Factorial structure and relations to agentic and communal traits and mental health JF - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences N2 - Recent research illuminated the links between Agency, Communion, trait emotional intelligence (TEL), and internalizing mental health difficulties (IMHDs). However, for a more complete picture, unmitigated Agency and Communion have also to be considered. Drawing on a sample of N = 405 female occupational therapists, the present study examined (a) the factorial validity of the German TEI Questionnaire Short Form, (b) the relations of TEL to Agency. Communion, and their unmitigated variants, and (c) a multiple predictor-TEI-IMHDs mediation model. The factor structure suggested by TEI theory fitted approximately to the data. Agency and Communion related positively and both unmitigated traits related negatively to TEL. Indirect effects via TEL on IMHDs emerged for all four traits. The results help to integrate TEI within the Agency-Communion framework and suggest that TEL is an important intervening variable that helps to clarify the links of agentic and communal traits to mental health. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Agency KW - Communion KW - Emotional intelligence KW - Mental health KW - Occupational therapists Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.003 SN - 0191-8869 VL - 72 SP - 189 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Clason, Caroline C. A1 - Mair, D. W. F. A1 - Nienow, P. W. A1 - Bartholomew, I. D. A1 - Sole, Andrew A1 - Palmer, Steven A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang T1 - Modelling the transfer of supraglacial meltwater to the bed of Leverett Glacier, Southwest Greenland JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Meltwater delivered to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a driver of variable ice-motion through changes in effective pressure and enhanced basal lubrication. Ice surface velocities have been shown to respond rapidly both to meltwater production at the surface and to drainage of supraglacial lakes, suggesting efficient transfer of meltwater from the supraglacial to subglacial hydrological systems. Although considerable effort is currently being directed towards improved modelling of the controlling surface and basal processes, modelling the temporal and spatial evolution of the transfer of melt to the bed has received less attention. Here we present the results of spatially distributed modelling for prediction of moulins and lake drainages on the Leverett Glacier in Southwest Greenland. The model is run for the 2009 and 2010 ablation seasons, and for future increased melt scenarios. The temporal pattern of modelled lake drainages are qualitatively comparable with those documented from analyses of repeat satellite imagery. The modelled timings and locations of delivery of meltwater to the bed also match well with observed temporal and spatial patterns of ice surface speed-ups. This is particularly true for the lower catchment (< 1000 m a.s.l.) where both the model and observations indicate that the development of moulins is the main mechanism for the transfer of surface meltwater to the bed. At higher elevations (e.g. 1250-1500 m a.s.l.) the development and drainage of supraglacial lakes becomes increasingly important. At these higher elevations, the delay between modelled melt generation and subsequent delivery of melt to the bed matches the observed delay between the peak air temperatures and subsequent velocity speed-ups, while the instantaneous transfer of melt to the bed in a control simulation does not. Although both moulins and lake drainages are predicted to increase in number for future warmer climate scenarios, the lake drainages play an increasingly important role in both expanding the area over which melt accesses the bed and in enabling a greater proportion of surface melt to reach the bed. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-123-2015 SN - 1994-0416 SN - 1994-0424 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 138 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kormann, Christoph A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Detection of regional climate change effects on alpine hydrology by daily resolution trend analysis in Tyrol, Austria JF - Journal of water and climate change N2 - Owing to average temperature increases of at least twice the global mean, climate change is expected to have strong impacts on local hydrology and climatology in the Alps. Nevertheless, trend analyses of hydro-climatic station data rarely reveal clear patterns concerning climate change signals except in temperature observations. However, trend research has thus far mostly been based on analysing trends of averaged data such as yearly, seasonal or monthly averages and has therefore often not been able to detect the finer temporal dynamics. For this reason, we derived 30-day moving average trends, providing a daily resolution of the timing and magnitude of trends within the seasons. Results are validated by including different time periods. We studied daily observations of mean temperature, liquid and solid precipitation, snow height and runoff in the relatively dry central Alpine region in Tyrol, Austria. Our results indicate that the vast majority of changes are observed throughout spring to early summer, most likely triggered by the strong temperature increase during this season. Temperature, streamflow and snow trends have clearly amplified during recent decades. The overall results are consistent over the entire investigation area and different time periods. KW - Alps KW - hydroclimatology KW - Mann-Kendall test KW - streamflow KW - trend detection Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.099 SN - 2040-2244 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 124 EP - 143 PB - IWA Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Dechtrirat, Decha A1 - Bosserdt, Maria A1 - Jetzschmann, Katharina J. A1 - Gajovic-Eichelmann, Nenad A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Cytochrome c-derived hybrid systems based on moleculary imprinted polymers JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - Hybrid architectures which combine a MIP with an immobilized affinity ligand or a biocatalyst sum up the advantages of both components. In this paper, hybrid architectures combining a layer of a molecularly imprinted electropolymer with a mini-enzyme or a self-assembled monolayer will be presented. (i) Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) catalyzed oxidation of the drug aminopyrine on a product-imprinted sublayer: The peroxide dependent conversion of the analyte aminopyrine takes place in the MP-11 containing layer on top of a product-imprinted electropolymer on the indicator electrode. The hierarchical architecture resulted in the elimination of interfering signals for ascorbic acid and uric acid. An advantage of the new hierarchical structure is the separation of MIP formation by electropolymerization and immobilization of the catalyst. In this way it was for the first time possible to integrate an enzyme with a MIP layer in a sensor configuration. This combination has the potential to be transferred to other enzymes, e.g. P450, opening the way to clinically important analytes. (ii) Epitope-imprinted poly-scopoletin layer for binding of the C-terminal peptide and cytochrome c (Cyt c): The MIP binds both the target peptide and the parent protein almost eight times stronger than the non-imprinted polymer with affinities in the lower micromolar range. Exchange of only one amino acid in the peptide decreases the binding by a factor of five. (iii) MUA-poly-scopoletin MIP for cytochrome c: Cyt c bound to the MIP covered gold electrode exhibits direct electron transfer with a redox potential and rate constant typical for the native protein. The MIP cover layer suppresses the displacement of the target protein by BSA or myoglobin. The combination of protein imprinted polymers with an efficient electron transfer is a new concept for characterizing electroactive proteins such as Cyt c. The competition with other proteins shows that the MIP binds its target Cyt c preferentially and that molecular shape and the charge of protein determine the binding of interfering proteins. KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers KW - Microperoxidase-11 KW - Cytochrome c KW - Catalytically active MIPs KW - Epitope imprinting KW - Monoclonal MIPs Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400592 SN - 1040-0397 SN - 1521-4109 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 573 EP - 586 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mackenbach, Werner T1 - History, memory and fiction. Tyrant memory by Horacio Castellanos Moya JF - Ayer : revista de historia contemporánea KW - Memory KW - History KW - fiction KW - Central American literature KW - El Salvador Y1 - 2015 SN - 1134-2277 IS - 97 SP - 83 EP - 111 PB - Asociación de Historia Contemporánea CY - Madrid ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dschietzig, Thomas Bernd A1 - Krause-Relle, Katharina A1 - Hennequin, Maud A1 - von Websky, Karoline A1 - Rahnenfuhrer, Jan A1 - Ruppert, Jana A1 - Groena, Hans Juergen A1 - Armbruster, Franz Paul A1 - Bathgate, Ross A. D. A1 - Aschenbach, Joerg R. A1 - Forssmann, Wolf-Georg A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Relaxin-2 does not Ameliorate Nephropathy in an experimental model of Type-1 Diabetes JF - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie N2 - Background/Aims: In diabetic nephropathy (DN), the current angiotensin-II-blocking pharmacotherapy is frequently failing. For diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), there is no specific remedy available. Relaxin-2 (Rlx) - an anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotecting peptide - is a candidate drug for both. Methods: Low-dose (32 mu g/kg/day) and high-dose (320 mu g/kg/day) Rlx were tested against vehicle (n = 20 each) and non-diabetic controls (n = 14) for 12 weeks in a model of type-1 diabetes induced in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out (eNOS-KO) mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Results: Diabetic animals showed normal plasma creatinine, markedly increased albuminuria and urinary malonyldialdehyde, elevated relative kidney weight, glomerulosclerosis, and increased glomerular size, but no relevant interstitial fibrosis. Neither dose of Rlx affected these changes although the drug was active and targeted plasma levels were achieved. Of note, we found no activation of the renal TGF-beta pathway in this model. In the hearts of diabetic animals, no fibrotic alterations indicative of DC could be determined which precluded testing of the initial hypothesis. Conclusions: We investigated a model showing early DN without overt tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and activation of the TGF-beta-Smad-2/3 pathway. In this model, Rlx proved ineffective; however, the same may not apply to other models and types of diabetes. KW - Diabetic nephropathy KW - Diabetic cardiomyopathy KW - Fibrosis KW - Inflammation KW - Relaxin Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000368484 SN - 1420-4096 SN - 1423-0143 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 88 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Collis, Scott A1 - Dixon, M. J. A1 - Giangrande, S. A1 - Helmus, J. J. A1 - Kelley, B. A1 - Koistinen, J. A1 - Michelson, D. B. A1 - Peura, M. A1 - Pfaff, T. A1 - Wolff, D. B. T1 - The emergence of open-source software for the weather radar community JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society N2 - Weather radar analysis has become increasingly sophisticated over the past 50 years, and efforts to keep software up to date have generally lagged behind the needs of the users. We argue that progress has been impeded by the fact that software has not been developed and shared as a community. Recently, the situation has been changing. In this paper, the developers of a number of open-source software (OSS) projects highlight the potential of OSS to advance radar-related research. We argue that the community-based development of OSS holds the potential to reduce duplication of efforts and to create transparency in implemented algorithms while improving the quality and scope of the software. We also conclude that there is sufficiently mature technology to support collaboration across different software projects. This could allow for consolidation toward a set of interoperable software platforms, each designed to accommodate very specific user requirements. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00240.1 SN - 0003-0007 SN - 1520-0477 VL - 96 IS - 1 SP - 117 EP - + PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolinski, Susanne A1 - Rammig, A. A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - von Bloh, Werner A1 - van Oijen, M. A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten T1 - A probabilistic risk assessment for the vulnerability of the European carbon cycle to weather extremes: the ecosystem perspective JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Extreme weather events are likely to occur more often under climate change and the resulting effects on ecosystems could lead to a further acceleration of climate change. But not all extreme weather events lead to extreme ecosystem response. Here, we focus on hazardous ecosystem behaviour and identify coinciding weather conditions. We use a simple probabilistic risk assessment based on time series of ecosystem behaviour and climate conditions. Given the risk assessment terminology, vulnerability and risk for the previously defined hazard are estimated on the basis of observed hazardous ecosystem behaviour. We apply this approach to extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystems to drought, defining the hazard as a negative net biome productivity over a 12-month period. We show an application for two selected sites using data for 1981-2010 and then apply the method to the pan-European scale for the same period, based on numerical modelling results (LPJmL for ecosystem behaviour; ERA-Interim data for climate). Our site-specific results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, using the SPEI to describe the climate condition. The site in Spain provides an example of vulnerability to drought because the expected value of the SPEI is 0.4 lower for hazardous than for non-hazardous ecosystem behaviour. In northern Germany, on the contrary, the site is not vulnerable to drought because the SPEI expectation values imply wetter conditions in the hazard case than in the non-hazard case. At the pan-European scale, ecosystem vulnerability to drought is calculated in the Mediterranean and temperate region, whereas Scandinavian ecosystems are vulnerable under conditions without water shortages. These first model- based applications indicate the conceptual advantages of the proposed method by focusing on the identification of critical weather conditions for which we observe hazardous ecosystem behaviour in the analysed data set. Application of the method to empirical time series and to future climate would be important next steps to test the approach. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1813-2015 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 12 IS - 6 SP - 1813 EP - 1831 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sundelof, Andreas A1 - Grimm, Volker A1 - Ulmestrand, Mats A1 - Fiksen, Oyvind T1 - Modelling harvesting strategies for the lobster fishery in northern Europe: the importance of protecting egg-bearing females JF - Population ecology KW - European lobster KW - Female moratorium KW - Individual-based model KW - Management KW - Minimum landing size KW - Yield per recruit (YPR) Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0460-3 SN - 1438-3896 SN - 1438-390X VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 237 EP - 251 PB - Springer CY - Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Pech, Ina A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Mueller, M. A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - After the extreme flood in 2002: changes in preparedness, response and recovery of flood-affected residents in Germany between 2005 and 2011 JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences N2 - After the flood in 2002, the level of private precautions taken increased considerably. One contributing factor is the fact that, in general, a larger proportion of people knew that they were at risk of flooding. The best level of precaution was found before the flood events in 2006 and 2011. The main reason for this might be that residents had more experience with flooding than residents affected in 2005 or 2010. Yet, overall, flood experience and knowledge did not necessarily result in building retrofitting or flood-proofing measures, which are considered as mitigating damages most effectively. Hence, investments still need to be stimulated in order to reduce future damage more efficiently. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-505-2015 SN - 1561-8633 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 505 EP - 526 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kormann, Christoph A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Renner, M. A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Attribution of high resolution streamflow trends in Western Austria - an approach based on climate and discharge station data JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - The results of streamflow trend studies are often characterized by mostly insignificant trends and inexplicable spatial patterns. In our study region, Western Austria, this applies especially for trends of annually averaged runoff. However, analysing the altitudinal aspect, we found that there is a trend gradient from higher-altitude to lower-altitude stations, i.e. a pattern of mostly positive annual trends at higher stations and negative ones at lower stations. At mid-altitudes, the trends are mostly insignificant. Here we hypothesize that the streamflow trends are caused by the following two main processes: on the one hand, melting glaciers produce excess runoff at higher-altitude watersheds. On the other hand, rising temperatures potentially alter hydrological conditions in terms of less snowfall, higher infiltration, enhanced evapotranspiration, etc., which in turn results in decreasing streamflow trends at lower-altitude watersheds. However, these patterns are masked at mid-altitudes because the resulting positive and negative trends balance each other. To support these hypotheses, we attempted to attribute the detected trends to specific causes. For this purpose, we analysed trends of filtered daily streamflow data, as the causes for these changes might be restricted to a smaller temporal scale than the annual one. This allowed for the explicit determination of the exact days of year (DOYs) when certain streamflow trends emerge, which were then linked with the corresponding DOYs of the trends and characteristic dates of other observed variables, e.g. the average DOY when temperature crosses the freezing point in spring. Based on these analyses, an empirical statistical model was derived that was able to simulate daily streamflow trends sufficiently well. Analyses of subdaily streamflow changes provided additional insights. Finally, the present study supports many modelling approaches in the literature which found out that the main drivers of alpine streamflow changes are increased glacial melt, earlier snowmelt and lower snow accumulation in wintertime. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1225-2015 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 1225 EP - 1245 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Sailhac, Pascal A1 - Boulanger, Charles A1 - Trules, Jeremie T1 - Inversion of ground constant offset loop-loop electromagnetic data for a large range of induction numbers JF - Geophysics N2 - Ground loop-loop electromagnetic surveys are often conducted to fulfill the low-induction-number condition. To image the distribution of electric conductivity inside the ground, it is then necessary to collect a multioffset data set. We considered that less time-consuming constant offset measurements can also reach this objective. This can be achieved by performing multifrequency soundings, which are commonly performed for the airborne electromagnetic method. Ground multifrequency soundings have to be interpreted carefully because they contain high-induction-number data. These data are interpreted in two steps. First, the in-phase and out-of-phase data are converted into robust apparent conductivities valid for all the induction numbers. Second, the apparent conductivity data are inverted in 1D and 2D to obtain the true distribution of the ground conductivity. For the inversion, we used a general half-space Jacobian for the apparent conductivity valid for all the induction numbers. This method was applied and validated on synthetic data computed with the full Maxwell theory. The method was then applied on field data acquired in the test site of Provins, in the Parisian basin, France. The result revealed good agreement with borehole and geologic information, demonstrating the applicability of our method. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2014-0005.1 SN - 0016-8033 SN - 1942-2156 VL - 80 IS - 1 SP - E11 EP - E21 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists CY - Tulsa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nöchel, Ulrich A1 - Reddy, Chaganti Srinivasa A1 - Wang, Ke A1 - Cui, Jing A1 - Zizak, Ivo A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Nanostructural changes in crystallizable controlling units determine the temperature-memory of polymers JF - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability N2 - Temperature-memory polymers remember the temperature, where they were deformed recently, enabled by broad thermal transitions. In this study, we explored a series of crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] networks (cPEVAs) comprising crystallizable polyethylene (PE) controlling units exhibiting a pronounced temperature-memory effect (TME) between 16 and 99 degrees C related to a broad melting transition (similar to 100 degrees C). The nanostructural changes in such cPEVAs during programming and activation of the TME were analyzed via in situ X-ray scattering and specific annealing experiments. Different contributions to the mechanism of memorizing high or low deformation temperatures (T-deform) were observed in cPEVA, which can be associated to the average PE crystal sizes. At high deformation temperatures (>50 degrees C), newly formed PE crystals, which are established during cooling when fixing the temporary shape, dominated the TME mechanism. In contrast, at low T-deform (<50 degrees C), corresponding to a cold drawing scenario, the deformation led preferably to a disruption of existing large crystals into smaller ones, which then fix the temporary shape upon cooling. The observed mechanism of memorizing a deformation temperature might enable the prediction of the TME behavior and the knowledge based design of other TMPs with crystallizable controlling units. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta06586g SN - 2050-7488 SN - 2050-7496 VL - 3 IS - 16 SP - 8284 EP - 8293 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pablo Alarcon, Pedro A1 - Arroyo, Fernando A1 - Bordihn, Henning A1 - Mitrana, Victor A1 - Mueller, Mike T1 - Ambiguity of the multiple interpretations on regular languages JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - A multiple interpretation scheme is an ordered sequence of morphisms. The ordered multiple interpretation of a word is obtained by concatenating the images of that word in the given order of morphisms. The arbitrary multiple interpretation of a word is the semigroup generated by the images of that word. These interpretations are naturally extended to languages. Four types of ambiguity of multiple interpretation schemata on a language are defined: o-ambiguity, internal ambiguity, weakly external ambiguity and strongly external ambiguity. We investigate the problem of deciding whether a multiple interpretation scheme is ambiguous on regular languages. KW - Multiple interpretation scheme KW - regular language KW - o-ambiguity KW - internal ambiguity KW - external ambiguity Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2015-1200 SN - 0169-2968 SN - 1875-8681 VL - 138 IS - 1-2 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Feakins, Sarah J. A1 - Lee, J. E. A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Liu, X. T1 - High-resolution leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopic record of the late Holocene paleoclimate in arid Central Asia JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Central Asia is located at the confluence of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems. It is thus likely to be highly susceptible to changes in the dynamics of those systems; however, little is still known about the regional paleoclimate history. Here we present carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanoic acids from a late Holocene sediment core from Lake Karakuli (eastern Pamir, Xinjiang Province, China). Instrumental evidence and isotopeenabled climate model experiments with the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique Zoom model version 4 (LMDZ4) demonstrate that delta D values of precipitation in the region are influenced by both temperature and precipitation amount. We find that these parameters are inversely correlated on an annual scale, i.e., the climate has varied between relatively cool and wet and more warm and dry over the last 50 years. Since the isotopic signals of these changes are in the same direction and therefore additive, isotopes in precipitation are sensitive recorders of climatic changes in the region. Additionally, we infer that plants use year-round precipitation (including snowmelt), and thus leaf wax delta D values must also respond to shifts in the proportion of moisture derived from westerly storms during late winter and early spring. Downcore results give evidence for a gradual shift to cooler and wetter climates between 3.5 and 2.5 cal kyr BP, interrupted by a warm and dry episode between 3.0 and 2.7 kyr BP. Further cool and wet episodes occur between 1.9 and 1.5 and between 0.6 and 0.1 kyr BP, the latter coeval with the Little Ice Age. Warm and dry episodes from 2.5 to 1.9 and 1.5 to 0.6 kyr BP coincide with the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly, respectively. Finally, we find a drying tend in recent decades. Regional comparisons lead us to infer that the strength and position of the westerlies, and wider northern hemispheric climate dynamics, control climatic shifts in arid Central Asia, leading to complex local responses. Our new archive from Lake Karakuli provides a detailed record of the local signatures of these climate transitions in the eastern Pamir. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-619-2015 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 619 EP - 633 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Urton, Karolina A1 - Wilbert, Jürgen A1 - Hennemann, Thomas T1 - Die Einstellung zur Integration und die Selbstwirksamkeit von Lehrkräften JF - Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht : Zeitschrift für Forschung und Praxis N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht an einer Stichprobe integrativ tätiger Grundschullehrkräfte (N = 618) den Zusammenhang zwischen der individuellen und kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeit sowie den beruflichen Erfahrungen einerseits und der Einstellung zur Integration andererseits. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass sich die Lehrerkollegien (N = 67) hinsichtlich der Einstellung zur Integration, der individuellen und kollektiven Selbstwirksamkeit sowie der beruflichen Erfahrung im Unterrichten von Kindern mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf unterscheiden. Entsprechend unserer Annahmen zeigt sich in einer Mehrebenenanalyse eine bedeutsame Aufklärung der Varianz der Einstellung zur Integration durch die individuelle und kollektive Selbstwirksamkeit sowie die berufliche Erfahrung. KW - Attitudes towards inclusion KW - self-efficacy KW - collective efficacy KW - teaching experience Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2378/peu2015.art09d SN - 0342-183X VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 147 EP - 157 PB - Reinhardt CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strauss, Jens A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz A1 - Mangelsdorf, Kai A1 - Eichhorn, L. A1 - Wetterich, Sebastian A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Organic-matter quality of deep permafrost carbon - a study from Arctic Siberia JF - Biogeosciences N2 - The organic-carbon (OC) pool accumulated in Arctic permafrost (perennially frozen ground) equals the carbon stored in the modern atmosphere. To give an idea of how Yedoma region permafrost could respond under future climatic warming, we conducted a study to quantify the organic-matter quality (here defined as the intrinsic potential to be further transformed, decomposed, and mineralized) of late Pleistocene (Yedoma) and Holocene (thermokarst) deposits on the Buor-Khaya Peninsula, northeast Siberia. The objective of this study was to develop a stratigraphic classified organic-matter quality characterization. For this purpose the degree of organic-matter decomposition was estimated by using a multiproxy approach. We applied sedimentological (grain-size analyses, bulk density, ice content) and geochemical parameters (total OC, stable carbon isotopes (delta C-13),total organic carbon : nitrogen (C / N) ratios) as well as lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, hopanes, triterpenoids, and biomarker indices, i.e., average chain length, carbon preference index (CPI), and higher-plant fatty-acid index (HPFA)). Our results show that the Yedoma and thermokarst organic-matter qualities for further decomposition exhibit no obvious degradation-depth trend. Relatively, the C / N and delta C-13 values and the HPFA index show a significantly better preservation of the organic matter stored in thermokarst deposits compared to Yedoma deposits. The CPI data suggest less degradation of the organic matter from both deposits, with a higher value for Yedoma organic matter. As the interquartile ranges of the proxies mostly over-lap, we interpret this as indicating comparable quality for further decomposition for both kinds of deposits with likely better thermokarst organic-matter quality. Supported by principal component analyses, the sediment parameters and quality proxies of Yedoma and thermokarst deposits could not be unambiguously separated from each other. This revealed that the organic-matter vulnerability is heterogeneous and depends on different decomposition trajectories and the previous decomposition and preservation history. Elucidating this was one of the major new contributions of our multiproxy study. With the addition of biomarker data, it was possible to show that permafrost organic-matter degradation likely occurs via a combination of (uncompleted) degradation cycles or a cascade of degradation steps rather than as a linear function of age or sediment facies. We conclude that the amount of organic matter in the studied sediments is high for mineral soils and of good quality and therefore susceptible to future decomposition. The lack of depth trends shows that permafrost acts like a giant freezer, preserving the constant quality of ancient organic matter. When undecomposed Yedoma organic matter is mobilized via thermokarst processes, the fate of this carbon depends largely on the environmental conditions; the carbon could be preserved in an undecomposed state till refreezing occurs. If modern input has occurred, thermokarst organic matter could be of a better quality for future microbial decomposition than that found in Yedoma deposits. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2227-2015 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 2227 EP - 2245 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guha, S. A1 - Warsinke, Axel A1 - Tientcheu, Charles Merlin A1 - Schmalz, K. A1 - Meliani, C. A1 - Wenger, Ch. T1 - Label free sensing of creatinine using a 6 GHz CMOS near-field dielectric immunosensor JF - The analyst : the analytical journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry N2 - In this work we present a CMOS high frequency direct immunosensor operating at 6 GHz (C-band) for label free determination of creatinine. The sensor is fabricated in standard 0.13 mu m SiGe:C BiCMOS process. The report also demonstrates the ability to immobilize creatinine molecules on a Si3N4 passivation layer of the standard BiCMOS/CMOS process, therefore, evading any further need of cumbersome post processing of the fabricated sensor chip. The sensor is based on capacitive detection of the amount of non-creatinine bound antibodies binding to an immobilized creatinine layer on the passivated sensor. The chip bound antibody amount in turn corresponds indirectly to the creatinine concentration used in the incubation phase. The determination of creatinine in the concentration range of 0.88-880 mu M is successfully demonstrated in this work. A sensitivity of 35 MHz/10 fold increase in creatinine concentration (during incubation) at the centre frequency of 6 GHz is gained by the immunosensor. The results are compared with a standard optical measurement technique and the dynamic range and sensitivity is of the order of the established optical indication technique. The C-band immunosensor chip comprising an area of 0.3 mm(2) reduces the sensing area considerably, therefore, requiring a sample volume as low as 2 mu l. The small analyte sample volume and label free approach also reduce the experimental costs in addition to the low fabrication costs offered by the batch fabrication technique of CMOS/BiCMOS process. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4an02194k SN - 0003-2654 SN - 1364-5528 VL - 140 IS - 9 SP - 3019 EP - 3027 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bär, Christian A1 - Wafo, Roger Tagne T1 - Initial value problems for wave equations on manifolds JF - Mathematical physics, analysis and geometry : an international journal devoted to the theory and applications of analysis and geometry to physics N2 - We study the global theory of linear wave equations for sections of vector bundles over globally hyperbolic Lorentz manifolds. We introduce spaces of finite energy sections and show well-posedness of the Cauchy problem in those spaces. These spaces depend in general on the choice of a time function but it turns out that certain spaces of finite energy solutions are independent of this choice and hence invariantly defined. We also show existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Goursat problem where one prescribes initial data on a characteristic partial Cauchy hypersurface. This extends classical results due to Hormander. KW - Wave equation KW - Globally hyperbolic Lorentz manifold KW - Cauchy problem KW - Goursat problem KW - Finite energy sections Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11040-015-9176-7 SN - 1385-0172 SN - 1572-9656 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER -