TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cesare, Bernardo
A1  - Acosta-Vigil, Antonio
A1  - Bartoli, Omar
A1  - Ferrero, Silvio
T1  - What can we learn from melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites?
JF  - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry
N2  - With less than two decades of activity, research on melt inclusions (MI) in crystals from rocks that have undergone crustal anatexis - migmatites and granulites - is a recent addition to crustal petrology and geochemistry. Studies on this subject started with glassy inclusions in anatectic crustal enclaves in lavas, and then progressed to regionally metamorphosed and partially melted crustal rocks, where melt inclusions are normally crystallized into a cryptocrystalline aggregate (nanogranitoid).
 Since the first paper on melt inclusions in the granulites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt in 2009, reported and studied occurrences are already a few tens. Melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites show many analogies with their more common and long studied counterparts in igneous rocks, but also display very important differences and peculiarities, which are the subject of this review. Microstructurally, melt inclusions in anatectic rocks are small, commonly 10 mu m in diameter, and their main mineral host is peritectic garnet, although several other hosts have been observed. Inclusion contents vary from glass in enclaves that were cooled very rapidly from supersolidus temperatures, to completely crystallized material in slowly cooled regional migmatites. The chemical composition of the inclusions can be analyzed combining several techniques (SEM, EMP, NanoSIMS, LA-ICP-MS), but in the case of crystallized inclusions the experimental remelting under confining pressure in a piston cylinder is a prerequisite. The melt is generally granitic and peraluminous, although granodioritic to trondhjemitic compositions have also been found.
 Being mostly primary in origin, inclusions attest for the growth of their peritectic host in the presence of melt. As a consequence, the inclusions have the unique ability of preserving information on the composition of primary anatectic crustal melts, before they undergo any of the common following changes in their way to produce crustal magmas. For these peculiar features, melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites, largely overlooked so far, have the potential to become a fundamental tool for the study of crustal melting, crustal differentiation, and even the generation of the continental crust. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
KW  - Melt inclusions
KW  - Migmatites
KW  - Granulites
KW  - Granites
KW  - Crustal melting
KW  - Nanogranitoids
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.09.028
SN  - 0024-4937
SN  - 1872-6143
VL  - 239
SP  - 186
EP  - 216
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haßler, Gerda
T1  - Wendy Ayres-Bennett; Magali Seijido: Bon usage et variation sociolinguistique. Perspectives diachroniques et traditions nationales / rezensiert von Gerda Haßler
JF  - Historiographia Linguistica : international journal for the history of the language sciences
N2  - Rezensiertes Werk: Wendy Ayres-Bennett; Magali Seijido: Bon usage et variation sociolinguistique. Perspectives diachroniques et traditions nationales, Lyon: École normale supérieure de Lyon 2013, 338 S.
KW  - Normierung Soziolinguistik
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.1.11has
SN  - 0302-5160
SN  - 1569-9781
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
SP  - 173
EP  - 182
PB  - John Benjamins
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bernhardt, Anne
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Hebbeln, Dierk
A1  - Lückge, Andreas
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Turbidite paleoseismology along the active continental margin of Chile - Feasible or not?
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - Much progress has been made in estimating recurrence intervals of great and giant subduction earthquakes using terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine paleoseismic archives. Recent detailed records suggest these earthquakes may have variable recurrence periods and magnitudes forming supercycles. Understanding seismic supercycles requires long paleoseismic archives that record timing and magnitude of such events. Turbidite paleoseismic archives may potentially extend past earthquake records to the Pleistocene and can thus complement commonly shorter-term terrestrial archives. However, in order to unambiguously establish recurring seismicity as a trigger mechanism for turbidity currents, synchronous deposition of turbidites in widely spaced, isolated depocenters has to be ascertained. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose a seismically active continental margin to turbidite paleoseismology and the correct sample site selection have to be taken into account.
 Here we analyze 8 marine sediment cores along 950 km of the Chile margin to test for the feasibility of compiling detailed and continuous paleoseismic records based on turbidites. Our results suggest that the deposition of areally widespread, synchronous turbidites triggered by seismicity is largely controlled by sediment supply and, hence, the climatic and geomorphic conditions of the adjacent subaerial setting. The feasibility of compiling a turbidite paleoseismic record depends on the delicate balance between sufficient sediment supply providing material to fail frequently during seismic shaking and sufficiently low sedimentation rates to allow for coeval accumulation of planktonic foraminifera for high-resolution radiocarbon dating.
 We conclude that offshore northern central Chile (29-32.5 degrees S) Holocene turbidite paleoseismology is not feasible, because sediment supply from the semi-arid mainland is low and almost no Holocene turbidity-current deposits are found in the cores. In contrast, in the humid region between 36 and 38 degrees S frequent Holocene turbidite deposition may generally correspond to paleoseismic events. However, high terrigenous sedimentation rates prevent high-resolution radiocarbon dating. The climatic transition region between 32.5 and 36 degrees S appears to be best suited for turbidite paleoseismology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Turbidite paleoseismology
KW  - Chile convergent margin
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Seismoturbidites
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.001
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 120
SP  - 71
EP  - 92
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prüfer, Nicole
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - van der Giet, Markus
T1  - The role of serum amyloid A and sphingosine-1-phosphate on high-density lipoprotein functionality
JF  - Biological chemistry
N2  - The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the most important endogenous cardiovascular protective markers. HDL is an attractive target in the search for new pharmaceutical therapies and in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Some of HDL's anti-atherogenic properties are related to the signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. However, for different patient populations it seems more complicated. Significant changes in HDL's protective potency are reduced under pathologic conditions and HDL might even serve as a proatherogenic particle. Under uremic conditions especially there is a change in the compounds associated with HDL. S1P is reduced and acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A (SAA) are found to be elevated in HDL. The conversion of HDL in inflammation changes the functional properties of HDL. High amounts of SAA are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. SAA has potent pro-atherogenic properties, which may have impact on HDL's biological functions, including cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on two molecules that affect the functionality of HDL. The balance between functional and dysfunctional HDL is disturbed after the loss of the protective sphingolipid molecule S1P and the accumulation of the acute-phase protein SAA. This review also summarizes the biological activities of lipid-free and lipid-bound SAA and its impact on HDL function.
KW  - atherosclerosis
KW  - high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
KW  - inflammation
KW  - serum amyloid A (SAA)
KW  - sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0192
SN  - 1431-6730
SN  - 1437-4315
VL  - 396
IS  - 6-7
SP  - 573
EP  - 583
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yokoyama, Kenichi
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The role of FeS clusters for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdoenzymes in bacteria
JF  - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular cell research
N2  - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been intensively studied, in addition to its insertion into molybdoenzymes. In particular, a link between the assembly of molybdoenzymes and the biosynthesis of FeS clusters has been identified in the recent years: 1) the synthesis of the first intermediate in Moco biosynthesis requires an FeS-cluster containing protein, 2) the sulfurtransferase for the dithiolene group in Moco is also involved in the synthesis of FeS clusters, thiamin and thiolated tRNAs, 3) the addition of a sulfido-ligand to the molybdenum atom in the active site additionally involves a sulfurtransferase, and 4) most molybdoenzymes in bacteria require FeS clusters as redox active cofactors. In this review we will focus on the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor in bacteria, its modification and insertion into molybdoenzymes, with an emphasis to its link to FeS cluster biosynthesis and sulfur transfer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster
KW  - Molybdenum cofactor
KW  - tRNA
KW  - Sulfur transfer
KW  - L-Cysteine desulfurase
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.021
SN  - 0167-4889
SN  - 0006-3002
VL  - 1853
IS  - 6
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1349
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jacobi, Juliane
T1  - The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History (70 - 1492)
JF  - Paedagogica historica : international journal of the history of education
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2014.895117
SN  - 0030-9230
SN  - 1477-674X
VL  - 51
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 243
EP  - 246
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Acharya, B. S.
A1  - Aramo, C.
A1  - Babic, A.
A1  - Barrio, J. A.
A1  - Baushev, Anton N.
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Berge, David
A1  - Bohacova, M.
A1  - Bonardi, A.
A1  - Brown, A.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Burton, M.
A1  - Busetto, G.
A1  - Caraveo, P. A.
A1  - Carosi, R.
A1  - Carr, John
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chudoba, J.
A1  - Conforti, V.
A1  - Connaughton, V.
A1  - Contreras, J. L.
A1  - Cotter, G.
A1  - Dazzi, F.
A1  - De Franco, A.
A1  - de la Calle, I.
A1  - Lopez, R. de los Reyes
A1  - De Lotto, B.
A1  - De Palma, F.
A1  - Di Girolamo, T.
A1  - Di Giulio, C.
A1  - Di Pierro, F.
A1  - Dournaux, J. -L.
A1  - Dwarkadas, Vikram V.
A1  - Ebr, J.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Fesquet, M.
A1  - Fleischhack, H.
A1  - Font, L.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Füßling, Matthias
A1  - Garcia, B.
A1  - Lopez, R. Garcia
A1  - Garczarczyk, M.
A1  - Gargano, F.
A1  - Garrido, D.
A1  - Gaug, M.
A1  - Giglietto, N.
A1  - Giordano, F.
A1  - Giuliani, A.
A1  - Godinovic, N.
A1  - Gonzalez, M. M.
A1  - Grabarczyk, T.
A1  - Hassan, T.
A1  - Hoerandel, J.
A1  - Hrabovsky, M.
A1  - Hrupec, D.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Huovelin, J.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janecek, P.
A1  - Kaaret, P. E.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kocot, J.
A1  - Komin, N.
A1  - Kubo, H.
A1  - Kushida, J.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lee, W. H.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lombardi, S.
A1  - Lopez-Coto, R.
A1  - Lopez-Oramas, A.
A1  - Lucarelli, F.
A1  - Maccarone, M. C.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - Malaguti, G.
A1  - Mandat, D.
A1  - Mazziotta, Mario Nicola
A1  - Meagher, K.
A1  - Mirabal, N.
A1  - Morselli, A.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nievas, M.
A1  - Nishijima, K.
A1  - Nosek, D.
A1  - Nunio, F.
A1  - Ohishi, M.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orito, R.
A1  - Otte, N.
A1  - Palatka, M.
A1  - Pareschi, G.
A1  - Pech, M.
A1  - Persic, M.
A1  - Pohl, Manuela
A1  - Prouza, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raino, S.
A1  - Fernandez, G. Rodriguez
A1  - Romano, Patrizia
A1  - Rovero, A. C.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Schovanek, P.
A1  - Shayduk, M.
A1  - Siejkowski, H.
A1  - Sillanpaa, A.
A1  - Stefanik, S.
A1  - Stolarczyk, T.
A1  - Szanecki, M.
A1  - Szepieniec, T.
A1  - Tejedor, L. A.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Teshima, M.
A1  - Tibaldo, L.
A1  - Tibolla, O.
A1  - Tovmassian, G.
A1  - Travnicek, P.
A1  - Trzeciak, M.
A1  - Vallania, P.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - Vercellone, S.
A1  - Vigorito, C.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Wilhelm, Alina
A1  - Wojcik, P.
A1  - Yoshikoshi, T.
T1  - The Cherenkov Telescope Array potential for the study of young supernova remnants
JF  - Astroparticle physics
N2  - Supernova remnants (SNRs) are among the most important targets for gamma-ray observatories. Being prominent non-thermal sources, they are very likely responsible for the acceleration of the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays (CRS). To firmly establish the SNR paradigm for the origin of cosmic rays, it should be confirmed that protons are indeed accelerated in, and released from, SNRs with the appropriate flux and spectrum. This can be done by detailed theoretical models which account for microphysics of acceleration and various radiation processes of hadrons and leptons. The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes has insufficient sensitivity to constrain theoretical models. A new facility, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will have superior capabilities and may finally resolve this long standing issue of high-energy astrophysics. We want to assess the capabilities of CTA to reveal the physics of various types of SNRs in the initial 2000 years of their evolution. During this time, the efficiency to accelerate cosmic rays is highest. We perform time-dependent simulations of the hydrodynamics, the magnetic fields, the cosmic-ray acceleration, and the non-thermal emission for type Ia, Ic and IIP SNRs. We calculate the CTA response to the y-ray emission from these SNRs for various ages and distances, and we perform a realistic analysis of the simulated data. We derive distance limits for the detectability and resolvability of these SNR types at several ages. We test the ability of CTA to reconstruct their morphological and spectral parameters as a function of their distance. Finally, we estimate how well CTA data will constrain the theoretical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Acceleration of particles
KW  - Gamma rays: General
KW  - ISM: Supernova remnants
KW  - Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.08.005
SN  - 0927-6505
SN  - 1873-2852
VL  - 62
SP  - 152
EP  - 164
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mendel, Ralf R.
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
T1  - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactors
JF  - Journal of biological inorganic chemistry
N2  - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactors (Moco) is an ancient, ubiquitous, and highly conserved pathway leading to the biochemical activation of molybdenum. Moco is the essential component of a group of redox enzymes, which are diverse in terms of their phylogenetic distribution and their architectures, both at the overall level and in their catalytic geometry. A wide variety of transformations are catalyzed by these enzymes at carbon, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, which include the transfer of an oxo group or two electrons to or from the substrate. More than 50 molybdoenzymes were identified to date. In all molybdoenzymes except nitrogenase, molybdenum is coordinated to a dithiolene group on the 6-alkyl side chain of a pterin called molybdopterin (MPT). The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three general steps, with a fourth one present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of the cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of MPT, (3) insertion of molybdenum into molybdopterin to form Moco, and (4) additional modification of Moco in bacteria with the attachment of a nucleotide to the phosphate group of MPT, forming the dinucleotide variant of Moco. This review will focus on the biosynthesis of Moco in bacteria, humans and plants.
KW  - Molybdenum
KW  - Molybdenum cofactor
KW  - cPMP
KW  - bis-MGD
KW  - Sulfuration
KW  - Sulfite oxidase
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-014-1173-y
SN  - 0949-8257
SN  - 1432-1327
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SP  - 337
EP  - 347
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaeffner, Melanie
A1  - Hüttermann, Hendrik
A1  - Gebert, Diether
A1  - Boerner, Sabine
A1  - Kearney, Eric
A1  - Song, Lynda Jiwen
T1  - Swim or Sink Together: The Potential of Collective Team Identification and Team Member Alignment for Separating Task and Relationship Conflicts
JF  - Group & organization management
N2  - This article investigates collective team identification and team member alignment (i.e., the existence of short- and long-term team goals and team-based reward structures) as moderators of the association between task and relationship conflicts. Being indicators of cooperative goal interdependence in teams, both moderators are hypothesized to mitigate the positive association between the two conflict types. Findings from 88 development teams confirm the moderating effect for collective team identification, but not for team member alignment. Moreover, the moderating role of collective team identification is found to be dependent on the level of task conflict: It is more effective in decoupling task and relationship conflicts at medium as compared with high or low levels of task conflict.
KW  - task conflict
KW  - relationship conflict
KW  - collective team identification
KW  - team member alignment
KW  - cooperative goal interdependence
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114561059
SN  - 1059-6011
SN  - 1552-3993
VL  - 40
IS  - 4
SP  - 467
EP  - 499
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wu, Lei
A1  - Glebe, Ulrich
A1  - Böker, Alexander
T1  - Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles
JF  - Polymer Chemistry
N2  - In recent years, core/shell nanohybrids containing a nanoparticle core and a distinct surrounding shell of polymer brushes have received extensive attention in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, catalysis, nanopatterning, drug delivery, biosensing, and many others. From the large variety of existing polymerization methods on the one hand and strategies for grafting onto nanoparticle surfaces on the other hand, the combination of grafting-from with controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited for synthesizing these well-defined core/shell nanohybrids and is known as surface-initiated CRP. Most common among these are surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). This review highlights the state of the art of growing polymers from nanoparticles using surface-initiated CRP techniques. We focus on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, and the formation of complex architectures as well as novel properties. From the vast number of examples of nanoparticle/polymer hybrids formed by surface-initiated CRP techniques, we present nanohybrid formation from the particularly important and most studied silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and proteins which can be regarded as bionanoparticles.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5py00525f
SN  - 1759-9954
SN  - 1759-9962
VL  - 6
IS  - 29
SP  - 5143
EP  - 5184
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobagyi, Tibor
A1  - Lesinski, Melanie
A1  - Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - European journal of applied physiology
N2  - We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes.
 Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
 Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (-6.4 %, effect size = -0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = -0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44).
 Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance.
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Force
KW  - Power
KW  - Skill
KW  - Reflex
KW  - Endocrine
KW  - Metabolism
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3194-9
SN  - 1439-6319
SN  - 1439-6327
VL  - 115
IS  - 8
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1625
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vogt, Julia H. M.
A1  - Schippers, Jos H. M.
T1  - Setting the PAS, the role of circadian PAS domain proteins during environmental adaptation in plants
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - The per-ARNT-sim (PAS) domain represents an ancient protein module that can be found across all kingdoms of life. The domain functions as a sensing unit for a diverse array of signals, including molecular oxygen, small metabolites, and light. In plants, several PAS domain-containing proteins form an integral part of the circadian clock and regulate responses to environmental change. Moreover, these proteins function in pathways that control development and plant stress adaptation responses. Here, we discuss the role of PAS domain-containing proteins in anticipation, and adaptation to environmental changes in plants.
KW  - PAS domain
KW  - circadian clock
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - environmental stress response
KW  - growth adaptation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00513
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Petrov, Veselin
A1  - Hille, Jacques
A1  - Müller-Röber, Bernd
A1  - Gechev, Tsanko S.
T1  - ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process.
KW  - abiotic stress
KW  - programmed cell death
KW  - reactive oxygen species
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - stress adaptation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00069
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Campbell, Kevin L.
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - Resurrecting phenotypes from ancient DNA sequences: promises and perspectives
JF  - Canadian journal of zoology = Revue canadienne de zoologie
N2  - Anatomical changes in extinct mammalian lineages over evolutionary time, such as the loss of fingers and teeth and the rapid increase in body size that accompanied the late Miocene dispersal of the progenitors of Steller's sea cows (Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780)) into North Pacific waters and the convergent development of a thick pelage and accompanying reductions in ear and tail surface area of woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799)) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)), are prime examples of adaptive evolution underlying the exploitation of new habitats. It is likely, however, that biochemical specializations adopted during these evolutionary transitions were of similar or even greater biological importance. As these "living" processes do not fossilize, direct information regarding the physiological attributes of extinct species has largely remained beyond the range of scientific inquiry. However, the ability to retrieve genomic sequences from ancient DNA samples, combined with ectopic expression systems, now permit the evolutionary origins and structural and functional properties of authentic prehistoric proteins to be examined in great detail. Exponential technical advances in ancient DNA retrieval, enrichment, and sequencing will soon permit targeted generation of complete genomes from hundreds of extinct species across the last one million years that, in combination with emerging in vitro expression, genome engineering, and cell differentiation techniques, promises to herald an exciting new trajectory of evolutionary research at the interface of biochemistry, genomics, palaeontology, and cell biology.
KW  - paleophysiology
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - extinct species
KW  - adaptation
KW  - protein structure
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0337
SN  - 0008-4301
SN  - 1480-3283
VL  - 93
IS  - 9
SP  - 701
EP  - 710
PB  - NRC Research Press
CY  - Ottawa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Neugart, Susanne
A1  - Ruppel, Silke
A1  - Schreiner, Monika
A1  - Wiesner, Melanie
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
T1  - Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables
JF  - Frontiers in plant science
N2  - Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.
KW  - genomics
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - crop
KW  - microbiomics
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00244
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 6
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vankar, Yashwant D.
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Recent Developments in the Synthesis of 2-C-Branched and 1,2-Annulated Carbohydrates
JF  - European journal of organic chemistry
N2  - The importance of carbohydrate chemistry in biological and medicinal chemistry has led to enormous developments in the synthesis of carbohydrate mimics. In this context, the synthesis of branched sugars in general and of 2-C-branched carbohydrates in particular, as well as the synthesis of 1,2-annulated sugars, have received immense attention. They serve not only as carbohydrate mimics in the form of stand-alone molecules, but also as useful intermediates in the synthesis of many natural products, their analogues, and glycosidase inhibitors. This microreview covers the recent synthetic efforts in this area and puts the subject matter into proper perspective for future developments.
KW  - Synthetic methods
KW  - Annulation
KW  - Carbohydrates
KW  - Carbohydrate mimics
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201501176
SN  - 1434-193X
SN  - 1099-0690
IS  - 35
SP  - 7633
EP  - 7642
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knapp, Michael
A1  - Lalueza-Fox, Carles
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - Re-inventing ancient human DNA
JF  - Investigative Genetics
N2  - For a long time, the analysis of ancient human DNA represented one of the most controversial disciplines in an already controversial field of research. Scepticism in this field was only matched by the long-lasting controversy over the authenticity of ancient pathogen DNA. This ambiguous view on ancient human DNA had a dichotomous root. On the one hand, the interest in ancient human DNA is great because such studies touch on the history and evolution of our own species. On the other hand, because these studies are dealing with samples from our own species, results are easily compromised by contamination of the experiments with modern human DNA, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Consequently, some of the most disputed studies published - apart maybe from early reports on million year old dinosaur or amber DNA - reported DNA analyses from human subfossil remains. However, the development of so-called next-or second-generation sequencing (SGS) in 2005 and the technological advances associated with it have generated new confidence in the genetic study of ancient human remains. The ability to sequence shorter DNA fragments than with PCR amplification coupled to traditional Sanger sequencing, along with very high sequencing throughput have both reduced the risk of sequencing modern contamination and provided tools to evaluate the authenticity of DNA sequence data. The field is now rapidly developing, providing unprecedented insights into the evolution of our own species and past human population dynamics as well as the evolution and history of human pathogens and epidemics. Here, we review how recent technological improvements have rapidly transformed ancient human DNA research from a highly controversial subject to a central component of modern anthropological research. We also discuss potential future directions of ancient human DNA research.
KW  - Archaic humans
KW  - Human evolution
KW  - Human population genomics
KW  - Next/second-generation sequencing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13323-015-0020-4
SN  - 2041-2223
VL  - 6
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hixson, Stefanie M.
A1  - Sharma, Bhanu
A1  - Kainz, Martin J.
A1  - Wacker, Alexander
A1  - Arts, Michael T.
T1  - Production, distribution, and abundance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a fundamental dichotomy between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems
JF  - Environmental reviews = Dossiers environnement
N2  - Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are critical for the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms; therefore, understanding the production, distribution, and abundance of these compounds is imperative. Although the dynamics of LC-PUFA production and distribution in aquatic environments has been well documented, a systematic and comprehensive comparison to LC-PUFA in terrestrial environments has not been rigorously investigated. Here we use a data synthesis approach to compare and contrast fatty acid profiles of 369 aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Habitat and trophic level were interacting factors that determined the proportion of individual omega-3 (n-3) or omega-6 (n-6) PUFA in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Higher total n-3 content compared with n-6 PUFA and a strong prevalence of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) characterized aquatic versus terrestrial organisms. Conversely, terrestrial organisms had higher linoleic acid (LNA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) contents than aquatic organisms; however, the ratio of ALA: LNA was higher in aquatic organisms. The EPA + DHA content was higher in aquatic animals than terrestrial organisms, and increased from algae to invertebrates to vertebrates in the aquatic environment. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that fatty acid composition was highly dependent on the interaction between habitat and trophic level. We conclude that freshwater ecosystems provide an essential service through the production of n-3 LC-PUFA that are required to maintain the health of terrestrial organisms including humans.
KW  - aquatic ecosystems
KW  - conservation
KW  - eicosapentaenoic acid
KW  - docosahexaenoic acid
KW  - food webs
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2015-0029
SN  - 1208-6053
SN  - 1181-8700
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 414
EP  - 424
PB  - NRC Research Press
CY  - Ottawa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulz, Michael Karl
T1  - Politics and Law: Perspective Series of German-Jewish History
JF  - German history : the journal of the German History Societ
Y1  - 2015
SN  - 0266-3554
SN  - 1477-089X
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 145
EP  - 147
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spahn, Hannah
T1  - Poetics of character: transatlantic encounters, 1700-1900
JF  - EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE
Y1  - 2015
SN  - 0012-8163
SN  - 1534-147X
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 616
EP  - 621
PB  - Univ. of North Carolina Press
CY  - Chapel Hill
ER  -