TY - JOUR A1 - Wolters, Steffen A1 - Bittmann, Felix A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - The first subfossil records of Urtica kioviensis Rogow. and their consequences for palaeoecological interpretations N2 - Among plant remains from Mesolithic layers dating from 9249 to 7779 B.C. at the excavation site of Friesack IV in north-eastern Germany, nutlets of Urtica kioviensis were identified. Morphological studies have shown that they clearly differed from all other European Urtica species investigated. In contrast, pollen morphological investigations revealed only slight differences between the central European Urtica species, which could hardly have been noticed during routine or normal pollen analyses. The records of U. kioviensis nutlets are the first subfossil finds reported and prove the indigenous status of this taxon in north-eastern Germany. The records are discussed in the context of the overall species spectrum of the Mesolithic layers and consequences for the interpretation of pollen analytical studies concerning human impact are pointed out Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thines, Marco A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Diversity and species boundaries in floricolous downy mildews JF - Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society N2 - Floricolous downy mildews are a monophyletic group of members of the genus Peronospora (Oomycota, Peronosporales). These downy mildews can be found on a variety of families of the Asteridae, including Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, and Orobanchaceae. With the exception of Peronospora radii, which can also cause economically relevant losses, sporulation usually takes place only on floral parts of their hosts. However, only very few specimens of these mostly inconspicuous downy mildews have so far been included in molecular phylogenies. Focusing on Lamiaceae, we have investigated multiple specimens of floricolous downy mildews for elucidating species boundaries and host specificity in this group. Based on both mitochondrial and nuclear loci, it became apparent that phylogenetic lineages in the Lamiaceae seem to be host genus specific and significant sequence diversity could be found between lineages. Based on distinctiveness in both phylogenetic reconstructions and morphology, the downy mildew on flowers of Stachys palustris is introduced as a new species, Peronospora jagei sp. nov., which can be morphologically distinguished from Peronospora stigmaticola by broader and shorter conidiospores. The diversity of the floricolous down mildews might be higher than previously assumed, although specimens from a much broader set of samples will be needed to confirm this view. KW - cox2 KW - Internal transcribed spacer KW - Peronosporaceae KW - Phylogeny Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0837-7 SN - 1617-416X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 321 EP - 329 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Eisenhauer, Nico A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Schmid, Bernhard A1 - Voigt, Winfried A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Schukze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Roscher, Christiane A1 - Weigelt, Alexandra A1 - Allan, Eric A1 - Beßler, Holger A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Clement, Lars W. A1 - Ebeling, Anne A1 - Engels, Christof A1 - Halle, Stefan A1 - Kertscher, Ilona A1 - Klein, Alexandra Maria A1 - Koller, Robert A1 - König, Stephan A1 - Kowalski, Esther A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Kuu, Annely A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Lauterbach, Dirk T1 - Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7323/full/nature09492.html SN - 0028-0836 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätzel, Stefan A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Otte, Volker A1 - Sipman, Harri J. M T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg VII Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rottstock, Tanja A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Rapid transgenerational effects in Knautia arvensis in response to plant community diversity JF - The journal of ecology N2 - 1. Plant species persistence in natural communities requires coping with biotic and abiotic challenges. These challenges also depend on plant community composition and diversity. Over time, biodiversity effects have been shown to be strengthened via increasing species complementarity in mixtures. Little is known, however, whether differences in community diversity and composition induce rapid transgenerational phenotypic adaptive differentiation during community assembly. We expect altered plant-plant and other biotic interactions (mutualists or antagonists) in high vs. low diverse communities to affect immediate within-and between-species trait differentiations due to competition for light and nutrients. 2. Three years after the initiation of a large-scale, long-term biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, we tested for effects of varying experimental plant community diversity (1-60 plant species; one to four plant functional groups) and composition (with or without legumes and/or grasses) on phenotypic differentiation and variation of the tall herb Knautia arvensis. We measured reproduction at different diversity levels in the Jena Experiment (residents hereafter) and, in an additional common garden experiment without competition, recorded subsequent offspring performance (i.e. growth, reproductive success and susceptibility to powdery mildew) to test for differentiation in phenotypic expression and variability. 3. We observed phenotypic differences among diversity levels with reduced fecundity of K. arvensis residents in more diverse communities. In the next generation grown under common garden conditions, offspring from high-diversity plots showed reduced growth (i.e. height) and lower reproduction (i.e. fewer infructescences), but increased phenotypic trait variability (e.g. in leaf width and powdery mildew presence) and also tended to be less susceptible to powdery mildew infection. 4. Community composition also affected Knautia parents and offspring. In the presence of legumes, resident plants produced more seeds (increased fecundity); however, germination rate of those seeds was reduced at an early seedling stage (reduced fertility). 5. Synthesis. We conclude that rapid transgenerational effects of community diversity and composition on both mean and variation of phenotypic traits among offspring exist. In addition to heritable variation, environmentally induced epigenetic and/or maternal processes matter for early plant community assembly and may also determine future species coexistence and community stability. KW - biodiversity effects KW - environmental conditions KW - fungal pathogen susceptibility KW - grassland communities KW - phenotypic variability KW - plant development and life-history traits KW - plant species diversity KW - plasticity KW - selection KW - transgenerational effects Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12689 SN - 0022-0477 SN - 1365-2745 VL - 105 SP - 714 EP - 725 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rottstock, Tanja A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Higher plant diversity promotes higher diversity of fungal pathogens, while it decreases pathogen infection per plant JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - Fungal plant pathogens are common in natural communities where they affect plant physiology, plant survival, and biomass production. Conversely, pathogen transmission and infection may be regulated by plant community characteristics such as plant species diversity and functional composition that favor pathogen diversity through increases in host diversity while simultaneously reducing pathogen infection via increased variability in host density and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of multi-host multi-pathogen interactions is of high significance in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning. We investigated the relationship between plant diversity and aboveground obligate parasitic fungal pathogen ("pathogens" hereafter) diversity and infection in grasslands of a long-term, large-scale, biodiversity experiment with varying plant species (1-60 species) and plant functional group diversity (1-4 groups). To estimate pathogen infection of the plant communities, we visually assessed pathogen-group presence (i.e., rusts, powdery mildews, downy mildews, smuts, and leaf-spot diseases) and overall infection levels (combining incidence and severity of each pathogen group) in 82 experimental plots on all aboveground organs of all plant species per plot during four surveys in 2006. Pathogen diversity, assessed as the cumulative number of pathogen groups on all plant species per plot, increased log-linearly with plant species diversity. However, pathogen incidence and severity, and hence overall infection, decreased with increasing plant species diversity. In addition, co-infection of plant individuals by two or more pathogen groups was less likely with increasing plant community diversity. We conclude that plant community diversity promotes pathogen-community diversity while at the same time reducing pathogen infection levels of plant individuals. KW - biodiversity KW - ecosystem processes KW - ecosystem services KW - grasslands KW - multi-host-multi-pathogen interactions KW - obligate parasitic fungal pathogens KW - pathogen diversity KW - pathogen proneness KW - pathogen transmission KW - plant functional types Y1 - 2014 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 95 IS - 7 SP - 1907 EP - 1917 PB - Wiley CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ristow, Michael A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Illig, Hubert A1 - Klemm, Gunther A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Kläge, Hans-Christian A1 - Machatzi, Bernd A1 - Raetzel, Stefan A1 - Schwarz, R. A1 - Zimmermann, Friedrich T1 - Liste und Rote Liste der etablierten Gefäßpflanzen Brandenburgs Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raetzel, Stefan A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Die Erforschung der in Brandenburg vorkommenden Kryptogamen nach 1945 (Moose, Pilze) Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otte, Volker A1 - Rätzel, Stefan A1 - Sipman, Harri J. M. A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg V Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otte, Volker A1 - Rätzel, Stefan A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - De Bruyn, Uwe T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg VI Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otte, Volker A1 - Rätzel, Stefan A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg III Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kühling, Matthias A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg IV Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühling, Matthias A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Im Land der Araukarier Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühling, Matthias A1 - Bork, Hans-Rudolf A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Die Wüste Atacama Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Körner, Sabine A1 - Seitz, Birgit A1 - Jentsch, Helmut A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Der Spreewald : Lebensraum für gefährdete Pflanzenarten Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Richter, Torsten A1 - Schwik, Jürgen T1 - Wegelina grumsiniana comb. nov. (Ascomycetes, Calosphaeriales) : ein Pyrenomycet auf der Porenschicht faulender Zunderschwämme (Fomes fomentarius) Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Miersch, Jürgen T1 - Bericht über eine einwöchige mykologische Exkursion nach Gotland im Herbst 1999 Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Luschka, Norbert A1 - Otto, Peter T1 - Aufruf für neue Serien zur Kartierung der Pilze Ostdeutschlands Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Lehnhardt, Lothar A1 - Klopfer, Klaus T1 - Untersuchungen zur Fremdbesatzproblematik bei 5 Gerstensorten mittels Ährennachkommenschaftsprüfung und Hordeinelektrophorese Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Kümmerling, Heidi A1 - Rätzel, Stefan A1 - Otte, Volker T1 - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus Brandenburg : eine Anregung zur floristischen Arbeit Y1 - 1995 ER -