TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moser, Othmar
A1  - Tschakert, Gerhard
A1  - Müller, Alexander
A1  - Groeschl, Werner
A1  - Pieber, Thomas R.
A1  - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara
A1  - Koehler, Gerd
A1  - Hofmann, Peter
T1  - Exercise versus Moderate Continuous Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis and Hormone Response in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Ultra-Long-Acting Insulin
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Introduction

We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Material and Methods

Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/ Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system.
Results

BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C.
Conclusion

Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM.
KW  - Insulin
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Glucose
KW  - Hypoglycemia
KW  - Carbohydrates
KW  - Blood
KW  - Blood sugar
KW  - Heart rate
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136489
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
PB  - Public Library of Science
CY  - Lawrence
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hortobagyi, Tibor
A1  - Lesinski, Melanie
A1  - Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - European journal of applied physiology
N2  - We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes.
 Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
 Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (-6.4 %, effect size = -0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = -0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44).
 Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance.
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Force
KW  - Power
KW  - Skill
KW  - Reflex
KW  - Endocrine
KW  - Metabolism
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3194-9
SN  - 1439-6319
SN  - 1439-6327
VL  - 115
IS  - 8
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1625
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -