TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheiner, Ricarda
T1  - Birth weight and sucrose responsiveness predict cognitive skills of honeybee foragers
JF  - Animal behaviour
N2  - Honeybees, Apis mellifera, can differ considerably in their birth weights but the consequences of these weight differences for behaviour are unknown. I investigated how these birth weight differences affected their cognitive skills when the bees reached foraging age. Individual sucrose responsiveness measured by the proboscis extension response is a strong determinant of appetitive olfactory learning performance in honeybees. Most of the observed learning differences between individuals or between genetic bee strains correlate with differences in their sucrose responsiveness. My second aim was therefore to investigate whether the sucrose responsiveness of newly emerged bees could predict the learning behaviour of the bees 3 weeks later. Both birth weight and sucrose responsiveness measured at emergence could predict olfactory learning scores as demonstrated by significant positive correlations. Heavy bees and bees with high sucrose responsiveness later learned better than lighter individuals or bees with lower responsiveness to sucrose at emergence. These results demonstrate for the first time a fundamental relationship between sensory responsiveness and morphology at emergence and later cognitive skills in insects. Because sensory responsiveness is closely linked to division of labour in honeybees, differences in weight and sucrose responsiveness at emergence might be involved in regulating division of labour.
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - birth weight
KW  - division of labour
KW  - foraging
KW  - honeybee
KW  - learning
KW  - maternal provisioning
KW  - sucrose responsiveness
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.011
SN  - 0003-3472
VL  - 84
IS  - 2
SP  - 305
EP  - 308
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Bünning, Mareike
T1  - Parenthood as a driver of increased genderinequality during COVID-19?
BT  - exploratory evidence from Germany
JF  - European societies
N2  - Drawing on three waves of survey data from a non-probability sample from Germany, this paper examines two opposing expectations about the pandemic's impacts on gender equality: The optimistic view suggests that gender equality has increased, as essential workers in Germany have been predominantly female and as fathers have had more time for childcare. The pessimistic view posits that lockdowns have also negatively affected women's jobs and that mothers had to shoulder the additional care responsibilities. Overall, our exploratory analyses provide more evidence supporting the latter view. Parents were more likely than non-parents to work fewer hours during the pandemic than before, and mothers were more likely than fathers to work fewer hours once lockdowns were lifted. Moreover, even though parents tended to divide childcare more evenly, at least temporarily, mothers still shouldered more childcare work than fathers. The division of housework remained largely unchanged. It is therefore unsurprising that women, in particular mothers, reported lower satisfaction during the observation period. Essential workers experienced fewer changes in their working lives than respondents in other occupations.
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - gender
KW  - family
KW  - employment
KW  - division of labour
KW  - satisfaction
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1833229
SN  - 1461-6696
SN  - 1469-8307
VL  - 23
SP  - S658
EP  - S673
PB  - Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  -