TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Berger, Anja
T1  - Longitudinal pathways of sexual victimization, sexual self-esteem, and depression in women and men
JF  - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
N2  - Objective: This article presents a longitudinal analysis of the links between sexual assault victimization, depression, and sexual self-esteem by examining their cross-lagged paths among both men and women. Method: Male and female college students (N = 2,425) in Germany participated in the study that comprised 3 data waves in their first, second, and third year of university, separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual assault victimization was assessed at Time 1 (T1) since the age of 14 and at Time 2 (T2) and Time 3 (T3) for the last 12 months. Depression and sexual self-esteem were measured at each wave. Results: Random-intercept cross-lagged panel analyses, controlling for individual differences in depression and sexual self-esteem, showed that sexual assault at T1 predicted depression and lower sexual self-esteem at T2, and depression and lower self-esteem at T2 predicted sexual assault victimization at T3. In addition, significant paths were found from T1 depression to T2 sexual assault victimization and from T2 sexual assault victimization to depression at T3. Sexual victimization at T1 was indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3 via depression at T2. Both depression and sexual self-esteem at T1 were indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3. The paths did not differ significantly between men and women. Conclusion: Sexual assault victimization was shown to be a risk factor for both depression as a general mental health indicator and lowered sexual self-esteem as a specific outcome in the domain of sexuality. Moreover, depression and sexual self-esteem increased the vulnerability for sexual assault victimization, which has implications for prevention and intervention efforts. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.
KW  - sexual assault victimization
KW  - depression
KW  - sexual self-esteem
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000198
SN  - 1942-9681
SN  - 1942-969X
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 147
EP  - 155
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Changing cognitive risk factors for sexual aggression
BT  - Risky sexual scripts, low sexual self-esteem, perception of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence
N2  - Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany (N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants' sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs.
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - sexual scripts
KW  - sexual self-esteem
KW  - sexual coercion
KW  - college students
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520922341
SN  - 0886-2605
SN  - 1552-6518
VL  - 37
IS  - 3-4
SP  - NP1377
EP  - NP1400
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  -