TY - JOUR A1 - Blumenstein, Oswald A1 - Van Rensburg, L. A1 - Krüger, Wolfgang A1 - Schachtzabel, Hartmut T1 - Preface Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bolduan, Rainer A1 - Zehe, Erwin T1 - Degradation of isoproturon in earthworm macropores and subsoil matrix : a field study N2 - The objective is to compare the time scale of microbial degradation of the herbicide Isoproturon at the end of earthworm burrows with the time scale of microbial degradation in the surrounding soil matrix. To this end, we developed a method which allows the observation of microbial degradation on Isoproturon in macropores under field conditions. Study area was the well-investigated Weiherbach catchment (Kraichgau, SW Germany). The topsoil of a 12 m(2) large plot parcel was removed, the parcel was covered with a tent and instrumented with TDR and temperature sensors at two depths. After preliminary investigations to optimize application and sampling techniques, the bottom of 55 earthworm burrows, located at a depth of 80-100cm, was inoculated with Isoproturon. Within an interval of 8 d, soil material from the bottom of 5-6 earthworm burrows was taken into the laboratory and analyzed for the Isoproturon concentration for investigation of the degradation kinetics. Furthermore, the degradation of Isoproturon in the soil matrix, that surrounded the macropores at the field plot, was observed in the laboratory. Microbial degradation of Isoproturon at the bottom of the earthworm burrows was with a DT-50-value of 15.6 d almost as fast as in the topsoil. In the soil matrix that closely surrounded the center of the earthworm burrows, no measurable degradation was observed within 30 d. The clearly slower degradation in the soil matrix may be likely explained by a lower microbial activity that was observed in the surrounding soil matrix. The results give evidence that deterministic modeling of the fate of pesticides once transported into heterogeneous subsoils by preferential flow requires an accuracy of a few centimeters in terms of predicting spatial locations: time scales of microbial degradation in the subsoil drop almost one order of magnitude, in case the herbicides dislocates from the bottom of an earthworm burrow a few centimeter into the surrounding soil matrix. If at all, predictions of such an accuracy can only be achieved at locations at sites where the soil hydraulic properties and the macropore system are known at a very high spatial resolution Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/10008342 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jpin.200521754 SN - 1436-8730 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bork, Hans-Rudolf A1 - Geldmacher, Karl A1 - Röpke, Björn A1 - Schaphoff, Sibyll A1 - Schnur, Tilo A1 - Berdel, Franka A1 - Bork, Helga A1 - Dalchow, Claus A1 - Faust, Berno T1 - Die goldene Gans wird zu Tode gerupft : Bodenzerstörung in der Lösslandschaft des Palouse (Washington und Idaho, USA) Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-89678-584-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bork, Hans-Rudolf A1 - Geldmacher, Karl A1 - Schaphoff, Sibyll A1 - Dalchow, Claus A1 - Faust, Berno T1 - Der halbierte Brunnen am East Fork Cottonwood Creek in Oregon (USA) Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-89678-584-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Araujo, Josè Carlos A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Loss of reservoir volume by sediment deposition and its impact on water availability in semiarid Brazil N2 - A methodology is presented to assess the impact of reservoir silting oil water availability for semiarid environments, applied to seven representative watersheds in the state of Ceara, Brazil. Water yield is computed using stochastic modelling for several reliability levels and water yield reduction is quantified for the focus areas. The yield-volume elasticity concept, which indicates the relative yield reduction in terms of relative storage capacity of the reservoirs, is presented and applied. Results chow that storage capacity was reduced by 0.2% year(-1) due to silting, that the risk of water shortage almost doubled in less than 50 years for the most critical reservoir, and that reduction of storage capacity had three times more impact oil yield reduction than the increase in evaporation. Average 90% reliable yield-volume elasticity was 0.8, which means that the global water yield (Q(90)) in Ceara is expected to diminish yearly by 388 L s(-1) due to reservoir silting Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.atypon-link.com/IAHS/loi/hysj U6 - https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.51.1.157 SN - 0262-6667 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Germer, Sonja A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - de Moraes, Jorge M. T1 - Throughfall and temporal trends of rainfall redistribution in an open tropical rainforest, south-western Amazonia (Rondônia, Brazil) Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/index.html U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-383-2006 SN - 1027-5606 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Grenzen und Minderheiten : Einführung Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Demographie, Migration und räumliche Entwicklung Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Studienreform im Lichte des Bologna-Prozesses (mit dem Beispiel Geographie der Universität Potsdam) Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried T1 - Demographie, Migration und räumliche Entwicklung in Rumänien : Rumänien, quo vadis? Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heller, Wilfried ED - Sallanz, Josef T1 - Zur Bedeutung von Ethnizität in Transformationsländern unter dem Einfluss von Globalisierung Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hennenberg, K. J. A1 - Fischer, Franka A1 - Kouadio, K A1 - Goetze, D A1 - Orthmann, B A1 - Linsenmair, KE A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Porembski, Stefan T1 - Phytornass and fire occurrence along forest-savanna transects in the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast N2 - In tropical West Africa, distribution patterns of forest islands in savannas are influenced by fires which occur regularly in the grass stratum. Along continuous forest-savanna transects in the Comoe National Park, the change in the amount and composition of non-woody phytomass was investigated from savanna to forest interior. This was correlated with the cover of vegetation strata above, soil depth, and the occurrence of seasonal surface fires. Phytomass mainly consisted of leaf litter in the forests (about 400 g m(-2) at the end of the rainy season, and about 600 g m(-2) at the end of the dry season) and of grasses in the savanna (about 900 g m(-2)). Low grass biomass appeared to be primarily the result of suppression by competing woody species and not of shallow soil. The occurrence of early dry-season fires seemed to be determined mainly by the amount of grass biomass as fuel because fires occurred in almost all savanna plots while forest sites remained unaffected. However, late dry-season fires will encounter higher amounts of leaf litter raising fire probability in forests. Due to the importance of the amount of combustible phytomass, fire probability and intensity might increase with annual precipitation in both savanna and forest Y1 - 2006 UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_TRO U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646705003007 SN - 0266-4674 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Die Hintertür seelischer Bedürfnisse : Vertrautheit und Sehnsucht als Motive des Naturschutzes Y1 - 2006 SN - 3-86581-019-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessel, Beate T1 - Elements, characteristics and character : information functions of landscapes in terms of indicators N2 - When monitoring landscape changes, the visual landscape should also be considered. This pertains to the information function of ecosystems and landscapes that refers to environmental structure and its function for satisfying needs. These needs of human perception include a certain equipment of landscape with stimuli, spatial orientation, as well as aesthetical-emotional needs. However, previous approaches of environment monitoring and registration of landscape changes exclusively focus on the ecosystem; aesthetic and structural characteristics are evalu-ated, if at all, only via easily quantifiable variables in a data oriented manner that illustrates the diversity of individual landscape elements without theoretically grounding them based on general hypotheses and a theoretical concept. Based on results from perception research and information theory, therefore, a method for registering the visual landscape on different complexity levels was developed. This includes: Elements (i.e. "element level"), that is the description of the different types of land use and structure elements within a landscape unit. Furthermore, under these elements a variety of manifestations are also subsumed such as small spatial dimensional relations, as well as individual synesthetic perceptions (noise, smells); Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1470160X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.08.009 SN - 1470-160X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neill, Christopher A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - Krusche, Alex V. A1 - Lehmann, Johannes A1 - Markewitz, Daniel A1 - Figueiredo, Ricardo de O. T1 - Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in a changing Amazon : results from small watershed studies and the large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment N2 - The Amazon Basin is the world's largest tropical forest region and one where rapid human changes to land cover have the potential to cause significant changes to hydrological and biogeochemical processes. The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) is a multidisciplinary, multinational research program led by Brazil. The goal of LBA is to understand how the Amazon Basin functions as a regional entity in the earth system and how these functions are changing as a result of ongoing human activity. This compilation of nine papers focuses on a central LBA question in the area of nutrient dynamics and surface water chemistry-how do changes in land use alter fluxes of dissolved and particulate materials from uplands across riparian zones and down the channels of river corridors? These papers cover work conducted in small watersheds on a wide range of topics within the spirit and geographical focus area of LBA: water balance and runoff generation, nutrient transformations in riparian zones and stream channels, carbon fluxes in water moving from land to water and the influence of soils on flowpath structure and stream chemistry. Important new insights can be gained from these and other studies. Forest clearing for pastures results in a decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity that forces water into surficial flowpaths throughout most of the rainy season across wide regions of the Amazon. Riparian zones along small forest streams appear to be very effective in removing nitrate arriving from the uplands, while forest streams take up nitrate at very low rates, allowing them to travel downstream for long distances. Although substantial, the contribution of dissolved organic C (DOC) to the carbon flux from forests to streams appears to be lower than the flux of dissolved inorganic C that is subsequently outgassed as CO2. Remaining key challenges within LBA will be to synthesize existing data sets on river networks, soils, climate, land use and planned infrastructure for the Amazon to develop models capable of predicting hydrologic and biogeochemical fluxes at a variety of scales relevant to the development of strategies for sustainable management of the Amazon's remarkable forest, soil and freshwater resources. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/4125/home U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/Hyp.6210 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatzabel, Hartmut A1 - Meyer, S. T1 - Reality, system, model, prediction : the modeling approach Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Boris A1 - Seppelt, Ralf T1 - Analysis of pattern-process interactions based on landscape models - Overview, general concepts, and methodological issues JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog N2 - Pattern-process analysis is one of the main threads in landscape ecological research. It aims at understanding the complex relationships between ecological processes and landscape patterns, identifying the underlying mechanisms and deriving valid predictions for scenarios of landscape change and its consequences. Today, various studies cope with these tasks through so called "landscape modelling" approaches. They integrate different aspects of heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes and model different driving forces, often using both statistical and process-oriented techniques. We identify two main approaches to deal with the analysis of pattern-process interactions: the first starts with pattern detection, pattern description and pattern analysis, the second with process description, simulation and pattern generation. Focussing on the interplay between these two approaches, landscape analysis and landscape modelling will improve our understanding of pattern-process interactions. The comparison of simulated and observed pattern is a prerequisite for both approaches. Therefore, we identify a set of quantitative, robust, and reproducible methods for the analysis of spatiotemporal patterns that is a starting point for a standard toolbox for ecologists as major future challenge and suggest necessary further methodological developments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - pattern-process interrelationship KW - landscape analysis KW - landscape modelling KW - simulation KW - inverse modelling KW - pattern description KW - wavelet analysis Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.036 SN - 0304-3800 VL - 199 IS - 4 SP - 505 EP - 516 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, K. A1 - Seppelt, Ralf A1 - Zehe, Erwin A1 - Vogel, Hans-Jörg A1 - Attinger, Sabine T1 - Importance of spatial structures in advancing hydrological sciences N2 - [1] Spatial patterns of land surface and subsurface characteristics often exert significant control over hydrological processes at many scales. Recognition of the dominant controls at the watershed scale, which is a prerequisite to successful prediction of system responses, will require significant progress in many different research areas. The development and improvement of techniques for mapping structures and spatiotemporal patterns using geophysical and remote sensing techniques would greatly benefit watershed science but still requires a significant synthesis effort. Effective descriptions of hydrological systems will also significantly benefit from new scaling and averaging techniques, from new mathematical description for spatial pattern/structures and their dynamics, and also from an understanding and quantification of structure and pattern-building processes in different compartments ( soils, rocks, and land surface) and at different scales. The advances that are needed to tackle these complex challenges could be greatly facilitated through the development of an interdisciplinary research framework that explores instrumentation, theory, and simulation components and that is implemented in a coordinated manner Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/importance-of-spatial-structures-in-advancing-hydrological-sciences/ #page-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004301 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seppelt, Ralf A1 - Schröder, Boris T1 - Pattern and processes of dynamic mosaic landscapes JF - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.06.011 SN - 0304-3800 VL - 199 IS - 4 SP - 377 EP - 378 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Kaczorek, Danuta A1 - Kuzyakov, Yakov A1 - Breuer, Jörn T1 - Silicon pools and fluxes in soils and landscapes : a review N2 - Silicon (Si) is the second-most abundant element in the earth's crust. In the pedosphere, however, huge spans of Si contents occur mainly caused by Si redistribution in soil profiles and landscapes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the different pools and fluxes of Si in soils and terrestrial biogeosystems. Weathering and subsequent release of soluble Si may lead to (1) secondarily bound Si in newly formed Al silicates, (2) amorphous silica precipitation on surfaces of other minerals, (3) plant uptake, formation of phytogenic Si, and subsequent retranslocation to soils, (4) translocation within soil profiles and formation of new horizons, or (5) translocation out of soils (desilication). The research carried out hitherto focused on the participation of Si in weathering processes, especially in clay neoformation, buffering mechanisms for acids in soils or chemical denudation of landscapes. There are, however, only few investigations on the characteristics and controls of the low-crystalline, almost pure silica compounds formed during pedogenesis. Further, there is strong demand to improve the knowledge of (micro)biological and rhizosphere processes contributing to Si mobilization, plant uptake, and formation of phytogenic Si in plants, and release due to microbial decomposition. The contribution of the biogenic Si sources to Si redistribution within soil profiles and desilication remains unknown concerning the pools, rates, processes, and driving forces. Comprehensive studies considering soil hydrological, chemical, and biological processes as well as their interactions at the scale of pedons and landscapes are necessary to make up and model the Si balance and to couple terrestrial processes with Si cycle of limnic, fluvial, or marine biogeosystems Y1 - 2006 ER -