TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a  moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene
JF  - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry
N2  - ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress.
 ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.
KW  - Prenatal stress
KW  - antisocial
KW  - conduct disorder
KW  - DRD4
KW  - gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12138
SN  - 0021-9630
SN  - 1469-7610
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
SP  - 69
EP  - 76
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Nieratschker, Vanessa
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Bidlingmaier, Martin
A1  - Wiedemann, Klaus
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Wuest, Stefan
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
T1  - An interaction between a neuropeptide Y gene polymorphism and early adversity modulates endocrine stress responses
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Interindividual variability in the regulation of the human stress system accounts for a part of the individual's liability to stress-related diseases. These differences are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Early childhood adversity is a well-studied environmental factor affecting an individual's stress response which has been shown to be modulated by gene environment interaction (GxE). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in stress regulation and genetic variation in NPY may influence stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the association of a common variant in the NPY gene promoter, rs16147, with cortisol and ACTH responses to acute psychosocial stress in young adults from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early adversity from birth into adulthood. We found evidence of a GxE interaction between rs16147 and early adversity significantly affecting HPA axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanisms linking early adverse experience and later neuroendocrine stress regulation are modulated by a gene variant whose functional relevance is documented by increasing convergent evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies.
KW  - GxE interaction
KW  - Stress
KW  - HPA
KW  - Neuropeptide Y
KW  - Early adversity
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.015
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
SP  - 1010
EP  - 1020
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a group at risk
N2  - Aims: To investigate whether concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence characterizes a subgroup that differs from users of one substance only regarding several risk factors for later substance use problems. Methods: Participants were from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 384 children at risk for later psychopathology, with the majority being born with obstetric complications and psychosocial adversities. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption and related intrapersonal characteristics were obtained at age 15. Results: Compared to consumers of alcohol only, 15-year-olds drinking and smoking during the same time period (past 4 weeks) had significantly higher levels of consumption and more excessive use of alcohol, started drinking at an earlier age, had higher scores on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and more cannabis use. This group could be distinguished from users of alcohol only by higher novelty seeking and more positive alcohol effect expectancies. Compared to consumers of tobacco only, concurrent users reported higher nicotine dependence and more cannabis use. No significant differences were observed regarding frequency and age at initiation of tobacco use, tobacco-related sensitivity, self- efficacy and instrumentality as well as novelty seeking. Conclusions: Concurrent alcohol and tobacco use during early adolescence is associated with characteristics that are well known as risk factors for later alcohol use problems and dependence and that should be targeted by prevention programs.
Y1  - 2007
UR  - http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm024
SN  - 0735-0414
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Maternal stimulation in infancy predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in young men
JF  - Journal of neural transmission
N2  - Evidence from animal research has demonstrated the effect of early maternal care on the offspring's endocrine and behavioral stress response in adulthood. The present prospective study investigates, in humans, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother-child interaction on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in adulthood. The data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a 10-min standardized nursing and playing situation and evaluated by trained raters for maternal stimulation and infant and maternal responsiveness. At age 19 years, 270 participants (146 females, 124 males) completed the Trier Social Stress Test. The results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction at age 3 months predicted diminished plasma ACTH and cortisol increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in male, but not female offspring. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was found to be unrelated to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reactivity. In accordance with the findings from animal research, the present study provides prospective evidence in humans of a long-term association between early maternal interaction behavior and the offspring's hormonal stress response in young adulthood, suggesting that poor maternal stimulation in early infancy may result in reduced HPA axis reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor in males.
KW  - ACTH
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - HPA axis
KW  - Mother-infant interaction
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-013-0970-8
SN  - 0300-9564
VL  - 120
IS  - 8
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1257
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Quality of early mother-child interaction associated with depressive psychopathology in the offspring - a prospective study from infancy to adulthood
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
N2  - Evidence from animal research has revealed that less maternal care results in disturbed emotionality in the offspring. In the present study, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother child interaction on depressive psychopathology was examined until adulthood. Data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness and stimulation as well as infant responsiveness were evaluated by trained raters. At age 19 years, 314 participants (145 males, 169 females) were characterized on measures of depression through interview and questionnaire. In addition, measures of depression and anxiety were available from assessments in childhood. Results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction was associated with a higher risk of depression in the offspring until the age of 19 years. In addition, children of less stimulating mothers showed more depressive symptoms at age 19 years and displayed more anxiety and depressive symptoms between the ages of 4.5 and 15 years. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was unrelated to children's outcome. In accordance with findings from animal research, the present study provides first longitudinal evidence in humans of a continuous and long-term influence of early maternal interaction behavior on the offspring's psychological adjustment until adulthood. The results suggest that the amount of maternally initiated contact behavior in a very early developmental stage may be crucial for children's mental health, regardless of child and maternal responsiveness.
KW  - Depression
KW  - Mother-infant interaction
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Young adulthood
KW  - Infancy
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.010
SN  - 0022-3956
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
SP  - 1387
EP  - 1394
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds
N2  - Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two DAT1 polymorphisms and different initiation ages with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption levels and dependence. Two hundred and ninety-one young adults (135 males, 156 females) participating in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were genotyped for the 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and rs27072 polymorphisms of DAT1. Age at initiation was assessed at age 15 and 19 years. Information about current alcohol and tobacco consumption was obtained at age 19 years using self-report measures and structured interviews. Results suggest that age at onset of intensive consumption moderated the association of the DAT1 gene with early adult substance use and dependence, revealing a DAT1 effect only among individuals homozygous for the 10r allele of the 40-bp VNTR who had started daily smoking or being intoxicated early in life. Equally, carriers of the T allele of the rs27072 polymorphism reporting an early age at first intoxication showed higher current alcohol consumption at age 19 years. In contrast, no interaction between rs27072 and the age at first cigarette with regard to later smoking was observed. These findings provide evidence that the DAT1 gene interacts with an early heavy or regular drug exposure of the maturing adolescent brain to predict substance (ab)use in young adulthood. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=1355-6215
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x
SN  - 1355-6215
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poustka, Luise
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interacting effects of maternal responsiveness, infant regulatory problems and dopamine D4 receptor gene in the development of dysregulation during childhood: A longitudinal analysis
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
N2  - Recent longitudinal studies have indicated that affective and behavioral dysregulation in childhood is associated with an increased risk for various negative outcomes in later life. However, few studies to date have examined early mechanisms preceding dysregulation during early childhood. Aim of this study was to elucidate early mechanisms relating to dysregulation in later life using data from an epidemiological cohort study on the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness was evaluated by trained raters. Infant regulatory problems were assessed on the basis of a parent interview and direct observation by trained raters. At age 8 and 11 years, 290 children (139 males) were rated on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, participants were genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon 3 VNTR polymorphism. A significant three-way interaction between maternal responsiveness, DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems was detected predicting the CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP). Carriers of the DRD4 7r allele with regulatory problems at age 3 months showed significantly more behavior problems associated with the CBCL-DP during childhood when exposed to less maternal responsiveness. In contrast, no effect of maternal responsiveness was observed in DRD4 7r carriers without infant regulatory problems and in non-carriers of the DRD4 7r allele. This prospective longitudinal study extends earlier findings regarding the association of the CBCL-DP with early parenting and later psychopathology, introducing both DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems as important moderators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Dysregulation
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Infant regulatory problems
KW  - Parenting quality
KW  - DRD4
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychires.2015.08.018
SN  - 0022-3956
SN  - 1879-1379
VL  - 70
SP  - 83
EP  - 90
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nikitopoulos, Joerg
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence
JF  - Journal of psychiatric research
KW  - DRD4
KW  - Early maternal care
KW  - Externalizing behavior
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.012
SN  - 0022-3956
SN  - 1879-1379
VL  - 59
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism
N2  - Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00063223
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010
SN  - 0006-3223
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults findings from a longitudinal study
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Accumulating research suggests a moderating role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) in the association between childhood adversity and adult depression. The present study aims to replicate recent findings using different genetic variants and measures of early adversity assessed both prospectively and retrospectively. Data were collected in the context of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. 300 participants (137 males, 163 females) were genotyped for four CRHR1 SNPs (rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, and rs17689882) and completed the Beck Depression Inventory at ages 19, 22 and 23 years. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. Our results indicate that CRHR1 and childhood adversity interacted to predict depressive symptoms in young adults. Specifically, we found that the impact of childhood maltreatment on adult depressive symptoms was significantly higher in individuals (i) with two copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype, and (ii) homozygous for the G allele of rs17689882. The interaction was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report, but not to prospectively ascertain objective family adversity. The present study partially replicates recent findings of a CRHR1 by childhood adversity interaction with regard to adult depression highlighting the subjective characteristics of the environmental pathogen that is operative in this interaction.
KW  - Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene
KW  - Depression
KW  - Maltreatment
KW  - Family adversity
KW  - Young adults
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.002
SN  - 0924-977X
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
SP  - 358
EP  - 367
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Reitschelb, Marcel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study
Y1  - 2012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Becker, Katja
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology : evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults
N2  - Previous research examining gene-environment interaction (G x E) with regard to vulnerability to depression and anxiety has yielded conflicting results. The present study was designed to further investigate G x F between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to environmental adversity, using different phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as different types of adversity within a prospective study design. Data were available from an ongoing epidemiological cohort Study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 19 yr, 309 participants (142 males, 167 females) were characterized on measures of depression and anxiety through interview and questionnaire (DSM-IV diagnosis, Beck Depression Inventory, Harm Avoidance). Environmental adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity), and at age 19 yr (stressful life events). Bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA. Results indicated that depression and anxiety in 19-yr-olds were strongly associated with both family adversity and stressful life events. Individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were exposed to high family adversity displayed significantly higher rates of depressive or anxiety disorders and had more depressive symptoms than those without either condition. This G x E replicates recent findings from an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents but is in contrast to many previous reports suggesting an interaction with the S allele. No evidence for G x E was obtained with regard to current stressful life events and trait anxiety. One possible source for the conflicting findings might be attributed to heterogeneity in depression phenotypes and environmental adversity.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_PNP
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145708009875
SN  - 1461-1457
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Becker, Katja
T1  - Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene
T2  - Infant mental health journal
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0163-9641
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 212
EP  - 212
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Shmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis
Y1  - 2012
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis
JF  - The journal of child psychology and psychiatry
N2  - Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.
KW  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene
KW  - alcohol use
KW  - adolescents
KW  - parenting
KW  - gene-environment interaction
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x
SN  - 0021-9630
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 351
EP  - 359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hom, Erika
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Jugendliche die frühzeitig rauchen und trinken : eine Risikogruppe?
N2  - Epidemiological studies have reported elevated rates of legal drug consumption among adolescents in Germany. The aim of this study was to ascertain patterns and parameters of smoking and drinking in early-users as well as to examine possible determinants of risky patterns of use. Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children at risk. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption as well as of individual and social determinants were obtained at age 15. Adolescents drinking and smoking during the same period (past four weeks) were characterized by more excessive and impulsive consumption and by higher rates of cannabis use. No specific determinants of concurrent use could be found. These findings suggest that adolescents displaying early concurrent tobacco and alcohol use may be at higher risk for substance use problems and should be targeted by prevention programs.
Y1  - 2007
UR  - http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/1661-4747
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.55.3.155
SN  - 1661-4747
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume
JF  - Brain structure & function
N2  - Accumulating evidence suggests a role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone regulating the glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Based on recent findings of altered amygdala activity following childhood adversity, the present study aimed at clarifying the impact of genetic variation in FKBP5 on threat-related neural activity and coupling as well as morphometric alterations in stress-sensitive brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional face-matching task was performed in 153 healthy young adults (66 males) from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to study structural alterations and DNA was genotyped for FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was measured using retrospective self-report (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and by a standardized parent interview assessing childhood family adversity. Depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. There was a main effect of FKBP5 on the left amygdala, with T homozygotes showing the highest activity, largest volume and increased coupling with the left hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, amygdala-OFC coupling proved to be associated with depression in this genotype. In addition, our results support previous evidence of a gene-environment interaction on right amygdala activity with respect to retrospective assessment of childhood adversity, but clarify that this does not generalize to the prospective assessment. These findings indicated that activity in T homozygotes increased with the level of adversity, whereas the opposite pattern emerged in C homozygotes, with CT individuals being intermediate. The present results point to a functional involvement of FKBP5 in intermediate phenotypes associated with emotional processing, suggesting a possible mechanism for this gene in conferring susceptibility to stress-related disorders.
KW  - FKBP5
KW  - Childhood adversity
KW  - Amygdala
KW  - fMRI
KW  - Connectivity
KW  - Voxel-based morphometry
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0729-5
SN  - 1863-2653
SN  - 1863-2661
VL  - 220
IS  - 3
SP  - 1355
EP  - 1368
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
N2  - Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants’ previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
KW  - maternal care
KW  - ADHD
KW  - ventral striatum
KW  - fMRI
KW  - resilience
KW  - aggression
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy087
SN  - 1749-5016
SN  - 1749-5024
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
SP  - 1191
EP  - 1201
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Positive coping styles and perigenual ACC volume: two related mechanisms for conferring resilience?
JF  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
N2  - Stress exposure has been linked to increased rates of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly in females, and has been associated with maladaptive changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is an important brain structure involved in internalizing disorders. Coping styles are important mediators of the stress reaction by establishing homeostasis, and may thus confer resilience to stress-related psychopathology. Anatomical scans were acquired in 181 healthy participants at age 25 years. Positive coping styles were determined using a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire, SVF78) at age 22 years. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 22, 23 and 25 years with the Young Adult Self-Report. Information on previous internalizing diagnoses was obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years). Positive coping styles were associated with increased ACC volume. ACC volume and positive coping styles predicted anxiety and depression in a sex-dependent manner with increased positive coping and ACC volume being related to lower levels of psychopathology in females, but not in males. These results remained significant when controlled for previous internalizing diagnoses. These findings indicate that positive coping styles and ACC volume are two linked mechanisms, which may serve as protective factors against internalizing disorders.
KW  - coping styles
KW  - perigenual anterior cingulate cortex
KW  - resilience
KW  - anxiety disorders
KW  - mood disorders
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw005
SN  - 1749-5016
SN  - 1749-5024
VL  - 11
SP  - 813
EP  - 820
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Poverty on Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume in Adulthood: Results from a Prospective Study Over 25 Years
JF  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Converging evidence has highlighted the association between poverty and conduct disorder (CD) without specifying neurobiological pathways. Neuroimaging research has emphasized structural and functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as one key mechanism underlying this disorder. The present study aimed to clarify the long-term influence of early poverty on OFC volume and its association with CD symptoms in healthy participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth. At age 25 years, voxel-based morphometry was applied to study brain volume differences. Poverty (0 = non-exposed (N = 134), I = exposed (N = 33)) and smoking during pregnancy were determined using a standardized parent interview, and information on maternal responsiveness was derived from videotaped mother infant interactions at the age of 3 months. CD symptoms were assessed by diagnostic interview from 8 to 19 years of age. Information on life stress was acquired at each assessment and childhood maltreatment was measured using retrospective self-report at the age of 23 years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, parental psychopathology and delinquency, obstetric adversity, parental education, and current poverty. Individuals exposed to early life poverty exhibited a lower OFC volume. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of increased CD symptoms as a consequence of childhood poverty. This effect proved statistically mediated by OFC volume and exposure to life stress and smoking during pregnancy, but not by childhood maltreatment and maternal responsiveness. These findings underline the importance of studying the impact of early life adversity on brain alterations and highlight the need for programs to decrease income-related disparities.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.277
SN  - 0893-133X
SN  - 1740-634X
VL  - 40
IS  - 4
SP  - 996
EP  - 1004
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  -